专题05 阅读理解（ 议论文+新闻报道）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高一英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（ 议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——人物介绍 (23-24高一上·广东肇庆·期末) A marathon is a long running race of 42,195 kilometers, Runners must not only be fast, but they must be strong enough to keep their speed up over a very long distance. On Sunday, Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa shocked the running world by smashing the women’s world record for the marathon by over two minutes. Assefa finished the Berlin Marathon in just 2 hours 11 minutes and 53 seconds. Assefa’s record was far beyond what most people could expect. After all. it was only her third time running a marathon. “I wanted to break the marathon world record.” she said. “But I couldn’t imagine that it would result in a time under 2 hours and 12 minutes.” When Assefa was younger, she started by running short races, Then she ran the 800-meter race. Her best time in the 800 meters was about 1 minute and 59 seconds. Last March, she ran her first marathon. Then last September, she entered the Berlin Marathon. She won, and set a new women’s record for the course, finishing in 2 hours15 minutes and 37 seconds. This year, she ran almost four minutes faster than she did last year. In both races. Assefa ran faster in the second half of the race than she did in the first half. Though Assefa made winning the race look easy, she said it was the result of hard work. Assefa was coached by Gemedu Dedefo, who has helped train many Ethiopian star runners. Besides, the shoes Assefa wore are built in such a special way that they collect energy every time the runner lands and give a special spring as the runner’s foot leaves the ground again. Though the shoes are expensive, they only last for a few hours of running. 1．What does the underlined word “smashing” in paragraph 2 mean? A．breaking. B．checking. C．equaling. D．keeping. 2．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The rules of the Berlin Marathon. B．The secret to setting world records. C．Assefa’s efforts to win the marathon. D．Assefa’s growth process in the marathon. 3．Which of the following can be learned from the text? A．Assefa was lucky enough to win the Berlin Marathon. B．Assefa’s running speed was the same throughout the race. C．The shoes Assefa wore were designed to last for several years. D．Dedefo played an important role in Assefa’s training and success. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 (24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末) This year’s Chelsea Flower Show, held from May 21 to 25, featured (以……为特色) a garden that was designed by children, for children. The famous show was run by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), a gardening charity in Chelsea, London. It is a chance for garden designers to show their skills and win prizes for their creations. Children played an important role in this year’s show. The “no adults allowed” garden was designed by primary school children. And it featured a woodland that invited exploration, a grassland with grass and wildflowers and a wetland area with bog plants. It also featured a play area that included a natural cave leading into a pool of water, providing a slide for children to enjoy. The show was a sensation, drawing in many families and community members, who were excited to see the creative designs. The young designers confidently presented their ideas to the visitors, sharing what they learned throughout the creative process. For the first time this year, children also took on the role of judges (裁判), giving prizes for the garden they would most like to play in. Judges from primary school evaluated each garden based on whether a garden was a good place to play, whether it was attractive to wildlife, and how the garden made them feel. At last, the most popular garden prize went to the Octavia Hill garden. A junior judge shared, “I like the Octavia Hill garden best, because its woodland holds more plants than others and the planting has attracted a lot of wildlife. It is more fun to explore and play in.” Helena Pettit, the director of the RHS, stressed the importance of this show, stating, “The show was uniquely designed to prove how important it is for children to have access (通道) to nature. We’re delighted that we have children designers taking centre stage, who want to encourage other children around the world to become gardeners, to help save the planet and have fun.” 1．What was special about the show this year? A．It was child-centered. B．It focused on various plants. C．It featured design skills. D．It was organized by primary schools. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The creativity of the children. B．The brief introduction to the show. C．The excitement of community members. D．The reasons for children’s participation in the show. 3．How did the little judges choose the best garden？ A．By its modern design. B．By the unique skills of designers. C．By the beauty of the garden. D．By its attraction to children and wildlife. 4．What should children do according to Helena Pettit? A．Take responsibility for their own lives. B．Take part in more relaxing events. C．Increase their connection with nature. D．Enrich their environmental knowledge. 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东中山·期末) After returing from his job as a cultural relics protection worker 10 years ago, Wang Yongxian kept his love for ancient Chinese architecture (建筑) through teaching. Now aged 73, he still teaches a course named “Conservation and Restoration of Ancient Chinese Buildings” at a University in Shanxi province. His main interest is Dougong, a construction method that uses interlocking (紧密连接的) wooden pieces to form structures. The method is one of the most important features of ancient Chinese architecture. Wang also started online classes to better explain Dougong to those who showed a strong interest in his course. Following a suggestion from his students, he became a vlogger using the account name “Dougong class”. The account is regularly updated with short video clips Wang produces himself. He is surprised that his classes are so popular on social media. The first six lectures on ancient Chinese buildings that he uploaded over a six-month period have received 1.6 million views. To make it easier for newcomers to the subject to understand, Wang made a wooden Dougong model. Each part is marked with a number or name, and the model can be taken apart and put together, a process that Wang filmed and put online. Some viewers said that they had long been puzzled by Dougong structures, but finally understood how they work after watching the video of “Dougong grandpa”. Wang said when he was young, the beautiful ancient temples in his hometown had ignited his interest in ancient wooden buildings and finally led him to turn his interest into a lifelong career. What makes him happy today is not only that the government set aside more money for the research and protection of cultural relics, but also that society is more aware of the importance of such work. To his surprise, about 90 percent of his more than 100,000 viewers online are below age 30. That fact makes him more confident that as long as the story of Chinese ancient architecture is told in the right way, it can attract more people. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Dougong is a well-protected Chinese building structure. B．Dougong is a traditional Chinese wooden building method. C．Dougong is a course which Wang teaches after retirement. D．Dougong is the most important feature of ancient architecture. 2．What made Wang a vlogger? A．The advice from his students. B．The online course he attended. C．The popularity of social media. D．The awareness to attract viewers. 3．What can we learn about Wang’s vlog from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It is updated by his students. B．It proves to be a great success. C．It is intended for newcomers. D．It has puzzled some viewers. 4．What does the underlined word “ignited” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Ignored. B．Widened. C．Started. D．Changed. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·广东广州越秀区·期末) One year after WildAid started its new program to protect ocean wildlife in China, Chinese world-famous pianist Lang Lang has joined the latest public campaign (运动), “Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” on Friday. The campaign video public service announcement (PSA) impressed the public with Lang Lang playing his song “Stay”, greatly calling attention to the beauty and importance of protecting the marine life in China’s waters such as whale sharks, sea turtles, dolphins and spotted seals. A new series of messages calls on the public to help protect marine biodiversity (生物多样性) by supporting marine protected areas (MPAs) and the protection of ocean wildlife. The campaign video PSA and billboards, which will be displayed across China, were released (发布) at a Beijing press event hosted by WildAid, with China Green Carbon Foundation and the First Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources (FIO) as key partners. Ranked among “the world’s 100 most influential people” by Time magazine, Lang Lang has served as WildAid ambassador for more than 12 years, contributed to protecting endangered wildlife and nature. Speaking at the event he said, “we can all play our part in protecting our oceans by taking simple steps, such as refusing to eat endangered wildlife such as sea turtles, reporting illegal wildlife trade, and reducing the use of single-use plastics.” WildAid also designed online activities for this campaign in which Lang Lang invites users to re-create his song “Stay” through the two most popular social platforms in China: Weibo and Tik Tok. Lang Lang joined this campaign following a survey report conducted by WildAid and FIO that discusses public awareness of MPAs and marine biodiversity in China. The report finds that more than 80% of the survey takers believe that MPAs are very important, but their understanding of the functions of MPAs is low. More than half do not know the term “marine biodiversity” and have not received enough information about marine protection. “Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” campaign PSA and billboards will be given out at outdoor places across China, reaching millions of viewers. 1．What is the purpose of the latest PSA of WorldAid? A．To show the special beauty of marine life in China’s waters. B．To stress the importance of protecting China’s ocean wildlife. C．To call on the public to support marine protected areas (MPAs). D．To invite world-famous pianist Lang Lang to join the campaign. 2．What does Lang Lang ask people to do to protect the ocean life? A．Report illegal wildlife hunting to FIO. B．Stop eating endangered wildlife. C．Re-create his song “Stay” on line. D．Call on friends to join the campaign. 3．What is one of the findings of the survey report? A．Lots of Chinese do not clearly know how to protect the ocean life. B．The Chinese public would like to help protect marine biodiversity. C．The Chinese public awareness of marine biodiversity should be raised. D．Weibo and Tik Tok are the two most popular social platforms in China. 4．Which of the following best describe the campaign PSA? A．Interesting. B．Demanding. C．Beneficial. D．Enjoyable. Passage 3 (23-24高一上·广东深圳光明区·期末) Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois, the United States. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. Mr. Durietz has been teaching for 53 years — since he was 23 years old. When he was just 11, Mr. Durietz says, he made up his mind to be a social studies teacher. Social studies is the study of history, and how people, countries, and cultures are connected. He became interested in history after hearing stories from his father, who fought in World War II. Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee, Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. He says he loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. “Teaching is never boring,” he says. “Every day is different.” Things have changed a lot since Mr. Durietz first began teaching. When he started, he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards. Despite this, Mr. Durietz says the students are still pretty much the same — except that now they have cell phones. With or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. He has even organized elections at school to help his students learn about politics. Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. But his family, friends, and the people he works with encouraged him to apply to Guinness to see if he’d set a record. He had. Now he still has no plans to retire any time soon. “Keep working on what I love to do in life,” he says. 1．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce Guinness world Records. B．To inspire readers to create records. C．To recognize teachers’ contribution. D．To report a record-setting teacher. 2．What has changed greatly in Mr. Durietz’s teaching career? A．Teaching equipment. B．Students’ attitudes. C．His love of teaching. D．Classroom activities. 3．Why will Mr. Durietz continue his work? A．He wants to keep his world record. B．He is devoted to his beloved career. C．He enjoys overcoming difficulties. D．He is persuaded to keep working. 4．What message does the text convey? A．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. B．Success comes to those who never give up. C．Greatness can be achieved in ordinary jobs. D．It takes combined efforts to realize a dream. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末) Thomas Scovel, one of the first professors from the United States to teach at a Chinese university, returned to his old school recently to make a donation (捐赠) for one of his former students. Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US. He came back to China in 1979 to take up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University. The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978, took to the stage at the university’s 60th anniversary celebration on Sept 28 to present a check for 2.2 million yuan ($300,000) to the university for his former student Yang Bin. The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous. For the teaching awards, they have been named after Scovel and his wife Janene, who also taught at the university. Zhou Honglei, the university’s leader, recognized Scovel as “one of the first foreign professors to journey from the US to China”. Scovel wrote a message for the university’s 60th anniversary celebration, reflecting on the late 1970s when China began its journey of reform and opening-up. From 1979 on, Scovel only returned to the university in 2014 for its 50th anniversary. In one of his writings, he remembered encountering a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ” “Little did I know that not long after the new millennium (千年), China would far overtake Japan in terms of exports to the US,” he said. Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978. “Forty years ago, it was almost unimaginable that, in today’s China, numerous people would have their own houses, have a car and that phones would be more common than fountain pens,” he said. 1．What can we know about Thomas Scovel? A．He has completed a book about his family. B．He has mostly lived in China since 1979. C．He once worked as a doctor. D．He is in his eighties now. 2．Why did Yang Bin donate the money to the university? A．To reward teachers and students. B．To purchase some teaching equipment. C．To offer poor students some education fees. D．To help with the construction of some buildings. 3．What does the underlined word “encountering” in the fifth paragraph mean? A．Depending on. B．Coming across. C．Breaking into. D．Turning in. 4．What is a suitable title for the news report? A．US professor describes great changes in China since 1978 B．Scovel writes a message for university’s 60th anniversary C．US professor makes speeches at Tianjin Foreign Studies University D．Scovel takes up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University Passage 5 (24-25高一上·广东广州花都区二校联考·期末) It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 (23-24高一上·广东清远·期末) Recently, craftsman Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months making three “chicken-blood” stone carvings, which showed the taekwondo and wrestling competitions of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. Qian Gaochao is a national inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of the chicken-blood stone carving. He is working on the other carvings related to the Asian Games in the chicken-blood stone museum in Changhua town, Zhejiang Province. Chicken-blood stone is one of China’s most valued decorative materials and has been used for centuries to create carved works with unique red markings. With its bright blood-red color, bright crystal-like jade texture, quality and shape, chicken-blood stone is admired all over the world. It is valuable in art because of its adaptability, which can be made into decorations of various sizes and forms. It not only records geological (地质的) changes, but also reflects the productivity of different times, living conditions and folk customs. The stone has become a cultural symbol of deepening the friendship in diplomatic (外交的) activities. For example, in 1972, the Chinese premier gave Changhua chicken-blood stones to Japan as State gifts. In 1986, a seal of Changhua stone was presented to the US. In 2016, the Changhua stone sculpture “Haliaeetus Albicilla Duda Portrait Seal” was presented to Poland. In September 2016, 36 sets of portrait seals were given as gifts to guests who attended the 11th G20 Summit in Hangzhou. “As a craftsman, I’m not only doing carving work but also recording the development and changes of our society and remembering the era through my carvings,” Qian Gaochao says. He has created fascinating works, many of which are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made important contributions to the country. “We are also hiring qualified people to continue to promote these traditional skills,” Qian Gaochao says. “Additionally, we often hold research activities and provide training courses, enabling more young students to understand and learn Chinese traditional culture,” he adds. 1．What are Qian Gaochao and his sons recent works about? A．Famous sports athletes. B．Beautiful natural scenery. C．International sporting events. D．Ancient folk customs in Changhua. 2．What makes Changhua chicken-blood stone valuable in art? A．It is rare for its unique shape. B．It has a bright blood-red color. C．It is a mirror of the local customs. D．It can be shaped into various designs. 3．What is the purpose of the examples in paragraph 3? A．To present the popularity of chicken-blood stone. B．To show the role of chicken-blood stone in diplomacy. C．To explain the ways to promote Changhua’s economy. D．To prove the importance of Chinese culture in connecting the world. 4．What do we know about Qian Gaochao from his words? A．He provides free carving courses for qualified students. B．The protection of traditional culture faces great challenges. C．Learning carving skills is not attractive to modern young people. D．He devotes himself to recording Chinese development through carving. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 (23-24高一上·广东深圳宝安区·期末) Can wine corks(酒瓶塞) be used in architecture? This is the innovation(创新) that Yan Sze Hon, a 31-year-old Hong Kong man, is striving for in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area(GBA). Born and raised in Hong Kong, Yan came to Guangzhou in 2021 after several years of doing remodeling projects for old houses in Portugal. With the establishment of the GBA, “I saw the great opportunity and market prospects(前景) in the area,” Yan said. Yan wanted to bring back an innovative idea from Portugal—using wine corks as an environmentally friendly building material. “I love wine, and Portugal is the largest cork producer in the world,” Yan said. “It occurred to me that by recycling the corks, we can actually use them inside doors and walls to make them more sound-proof, which can provide a quieter private space for people.” According to Yan, he was one of the first to put this idea into practice, and obtained success in Portugal. “Now I want to be the one that takes the first step in China,” Yan said. Yan said that companies like his have benefited a lot from the supportive policies of the GBA．Since the establishment of the GBA, Guangdong has built 13 innovation and entrepreneurship bases, providing resources and services for nearly 600 Hong Kong and Macao entrepreneurship teams. He chose Guangzhou’s Tianhe district because it offers cheaper accommodation and office space to Hong Kong and Macao businessmen. “Also, the opening of new ports has made it very convenient for the flow of goods and talented people,” Yan said. “I’m sure GBA will be the right place for me to start my business on the Chinese mainland,” Yan said. One day, he wants his business to operate in Shanghai, Zhejiang and more places. 1．What innovation is Yan Sze Hon trying to achieve in the GBA? A．Designing environment-friendly buildings. B．Using wine corks as a building material. C．Establishing an architectural enterprise. D．Remodeling projects for the old houses. 2．What can we know about the wine corks? A．They are accessible in the world. B．They can create a soundless place. C．They do harm to the environment. D．They have been recycled in Portugal. 3．How have companies like Yan Sze Hon’s benefited from the local support? A．They have access to cheaper accommodation and offices. B．They have been able to hire talented people to the GBA． C．They have been granted loans for innovative projects. D．They have received financial support from the 13 bases. 4．Which of the following can best describe Yan Sze Hon? A．Intelligent and humorous. B．Cautious and far-sighted. C．Ambitious and creative. D．Supportive and outgoing. 主题05 人与社会——生活学习 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东深圳龙华区统考·期末) One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 1．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 2．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 3．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 4．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东深圳（外研版）·期末) Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct. It’s a state of contentment discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival. Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, an American minister. He invented “positive thinking”, a concept now deeply rooted in our culture and steadily growing in influence. Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you’ll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don’t think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of sustained happiness. We are not designed that way. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffering, as it is based on the idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable possibilities, which is much more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat. I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes. 1．Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree? A．Happiness is a goal that can be achieved. B．Happiness is an idea created by human being. C．Popular culture helps discover the secrets of happiness. D．Happiness enables people to fight against our survival dangers. 2．What’s the writer’s attitude towards positive thinking industry? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Indifferent. 3．What does the writer mean by saying "the devil always has the best tunes" in last paragraph? A．Happiness industry has strong influence on people. B．People begin to accept that life is full of challenge. C．Reducing suffering can guarantee life-long happiness. D．Unhappiness will not necessarily dominate people’s life. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Happiness in Suffering B．The pursuit of Happiness C．The Happiness Fantasy D．Happiness Chasing Industry 主题06 人与社会——科技创新 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东阳江高新区·期末) BEIJING — Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China will launch the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative, which presents a constructive approach to addressing universal concerns over AI development and governance and drew up blueprints for relevant international discussions and rule-making, a foreign ministry spokesperson said on Wednesday. Xi made the announcement in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) in Beijing on Wednesday. “It is part of China’s active effort to advance the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative,” the spokesperson said. AI is a new frontier of human development, and it comes with major opportunities and hard-to-predict risks and challenges that require global response, the spokesperson said. The spokesperson said the Initiative systematically outlines China’s proposals on AI governance from three aspects, namely, the development, security and governance of AI. The core components of the Initiative are: We should uphold a people-centered approach in developing AI and adhere to the principle of developing AI for the good of humanity, so that AI is developed in a way that is beneficial to human progress; We should uphold the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit in AI development, and oppose drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other countries from developing AI; We should promote the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels, so as to make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable and equitable; We support efforts to develop AI governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus and with full respect for policies and practices among countries, and support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI; Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity. “China stands ready to have exchanges and practical cooperation with all sides on global AI governance and deliver benefit for all human beings through AI technology,” the spokesperson added. 1．What announcement was made according to Paragraph 1? A．Rules about AI control in China. B．A initiative about governing AI globally. C．Universal concerns about AI development. D．Domestic plans for AI rule-making. 2．We can learn from the spokesman that __________. A．AI development needs global concerns B．China has made every effort to develop AI C．The initiative was launched related to four aspects D．AI should advance based on the needs of robots 3．What’s China’s attitude towards AI development according to the text? A．Supportive if it’s for human-kind. B．Indifferent if it’s for some people’s benefit. C．Disapproved if it is not for education. D．Neutral whatever it is. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·广东深圳外国语学校高中本部及分校·期末) The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), China’s leading aircraft maker, created the country’s first fully solar-powered drone (无人机). The large drone, Qimingxing 50, took off at 5:50 pm on September 3rd, 2022, from an airport in Yulin of Shaanxi Province and stayed in the air for 26 minutes before landing on the same runway. AVIC said that all systems of the unmanned plane functioned well on its first flight. Powered by six electric motors with solar batteries, the drone is designed to conduct long-time operations in near space. Near space is that part of Earth’s atmosphere at altitudes of 20 to 100 kilometers. It is above the top altitudes of commercial airliners but below orbiting satellites. Qimingxing 50, also called “quasi-satellite”, features high operational efficiency and eco-friendliness and will be tasked with high-altitude reconnaissance (侦察), forestry fire monitoring, atmospheric environmental inspection, aerial mapping, communication signal relay and other operations. “Thanks to its capability to conduct very long endurance flights in near space, the drone can essentially become a substitute for satellites,” a Chinese aerospace expert said. Satellite services are not always available due to the limited number of satellites and relatively fixed schedules of overhead passes. In time-sensitive missions, near-space drones can offset these disadvantages, the expert said, noting that satellite services could also be damaged in wartime, so near-space drones could replace them in this occasion. The successful first flight of the Qimingxing-50 lays a solid foundation for the development of key technologies in the country’s new energy field, the composite (复合的) material field, which will enhance China’s ability to perform tasks in near space and over far oceans. AVIC will seize the opportunity to increase investment and speed up the development of large solar-powered unmanned aircraft. 1．What do we know about AVIC? A．It produced the world’s largest unmanned plane. B．It started the trend of using solar batteries in aircraft. C．It developed China’s first fully solar-powered drone. D．It greatly improved the speed of commercial airliners. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Qimingxing 50? A．Its design features. B．Its diverse functions. C．Its operating procedures. D．Its environmental benefits 3．What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Detect. B．Expose. C．Analyze. D．Remove. 4．What will AVIC do in the future? A．Increase investment in the new energy industry. B．Accelerate the development of large solar drones. C．Create a new composite material to manufacture aircraft. D．Make Qimingxing-50 conduct long-time tasks over far seas. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（ 议论文+新闻报道） 主题01 人与社会——人物介绍 (23-24高一上·广东肇庆·期末) A marathon is a long running race of 42,195 kilometers, Runners must not only be fast, but they must be strong enough to keep their speed up over a very long distance. On Sunday, Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa shocked the running world by smashing the women’s world record for the marathon by over two minutes. Assefa finished the Berlin Marathon in just 2 hours 11 minutes and 53 seconds. Assefa’s record was far beyond what most people could expect. After all. it was only her third time running a marathon. “I wanted to break the marathon world record.” she said. “But I couldn’t imagine that it would result in a time under 2 hours and 12 minutes.” When Assefa was younger, she started by running short races, Then she ran the 800-meter race. Her best time in the 800 meters was about 1 minute and 59 seconds. Last March, she ran her first marathon. Then last September, she entered the Berlin Marathon. She won, and set a new women’s record for the course, finishing in 2 hours15 minutes and 37 seconds. This year, she ran almost four minutes faster than she did last year. In both races. Assefa ran faster in the second half of the race than she did in the first half. Though Assefa made winning the race look easy, she said it was the result of hard work. Assefa was coached by Gemedu Dedefo, who has helped train many Ethiopian star runners. Besides, the shoes Assefa wore are built in such a special way that they collect energy every time the runner lands and give a special spring as the runner’s foot leaves the ground again. Though the shoes are expensive, they only last for a few hours of running. 1．What does the underlined word “smashing” in paragraph 2 mean? A．breaking. B．checking. C．equaling. D．keeping. 2．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The rules of the Berlin Marathon. B．The secret to setting world records. C．Assefa’s efforts to win the marathon. D．Assefa’s growth process in the marathon. 3．Which of the following can be learned from the text? A．Assefa was lucky enough to win the Berlin Marathon. B．Assefa’s running speed was the same throughout the race. C．The shoes Assefa wore were designed to last for several years. D．Dedefo played an important role in Assefa’s training and success. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了埃塞俄比亚选手Tigst Assefa打破马拉松女子世界纪录以及她的成长历程。 1．词句猜测题。根据所猜词后“Assefa finished the Berlin Marathon in just 2 hours 11 minutes and 53 seconds. Assefa’s record was far beyond what most people could expect. After all. it was only her third time running a marathon. “I wanted to break the marathon world record.” she said. “But I couldn’t imagine that it would result in a time under 2 hours and 12 minutes.”  (Assefa 以2小时11分53秒的成绩完成了柏林马拉松比赛。Assefa 的记录远远超出了大多数人的预期。毕竟。这是她第三次跑马拉松。“我想打破马拉松世界纪录。她说。“但我无法想象它会在2小时12分钟内完成。”)”可知，Assefa取得非常好的成绩，打破了世界纪录，所以smashing的意思是“打破”。A. breaking打破；B. checking检查；C. equaling比得上，敌得过；D. keeping保持。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“When Assefa was younger, she started by running short races, Then she ran the 800-meter race. Her best time in the 800 meters was about 1 minute and 59 seconds. Last March, she ran her first marathon. Then last September, she entered the Berlin Marathon. She won, and set a new women’s record for the course, finishing in 2 hours15 minutes and 37 seconds. This year, she ran almost four minutes faster than she did last year. In both races. Assefa ran faster in the second half of the race than she did in the first half. (当Assefa年轻的时候，她从短跑开始，然后她参加了800米赛跑。她800米的最好成绩是1分59秒。去年三月，她第一次跑马拉松。去年9月，她参加了柏林马拉松比赛。她赢得了比赛，并以2小时15分37秒的成绩刷新了女子纪录。今年，她比去年快了将近4分钟。在两场比赛中。阿塞法在后半程跑得比前半程快)”可知，本段主要讲述了Asscfa 在跑马拉松中的成长历程。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Assefa was coached by Gemedu Dedefo, who has helped train many Ethiopian star runners (阿塞法的教练是Gemedu Dedefo，他帮助训练了许多埃塞俄比亚的明星运动员)”可知，Gemedu Dedefo在Assea 的训练和成功中起着很重要的作用。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 (24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末) This year’s Chelsea Flower Show, held from May 21 to 25, featured (以……为特色) a garden that was designed by children, for children. The famous show was run by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), a gardening charity in Chelsea, London. It is a chance for garden designers to show their skills and win prizes for their creations. Children played an important role in this year’s show. The “no adults allowed” garden was designed by primary school children. And it featured a woodland that invited exploration, a grassland with grass and wildflowers and a wetland area with bog plants. It also featured a play area that included a natural cave leading into a pool of water, providing a slide for children to enjoy. The show was a sensation, drawing in many families and community members, who were excited to see the creative designs. The young designers confidently presented their ideas to the visitors, sharing what they learned throughout the creative process. For the first time this year, children also took on the role of judges (裁判), giving prizes for the garden they would most like to play in. Judges from primary school evaluated each garden based on whether a garden was a good place to play, whether it was attractive to wildlife, and how the garden made them feel. At last, the most popular garden prize went to the Octavia Hill garden. A junior judge shared, “I like the Octavia Hill garden best, because its woodland holds more plants than others and the planting has attracted a lot of wildlife. It is more fun to explore and play in.” Helena Pettit, the director of the RHS, stressed the importance of this show, stating, “The show was uniquely designed to prove how important it is for children to have access (通道) to nature. We’re delighted that we have children designers taking centre stage, who want to encourage other children around the world to become gardeners, to help save the planet and have fun.” 1．What was special about the show this year? A．It was child-centered. B．It focused on various plants. C．It featured design skills. D．It was organized by primary schools. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The creativity of the children. B．The brief introduction to the show. C．The excitement of community members. D．The reasons for children’s participation in the show. 3．How did the little judges choose the best garden？ A．By its modern design. B．By the unique skills of designers. C．By the beauty of the garden. D．By its attraction to children and wildlife. 4．What should children do according to Helena Pettit? A．Take responsibility for their own lives. B．Take part in more relaxing events. C．Increase their connection with nature. D．Enrich their environmental knowledge. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了切尔西花展以儿童为中心的特色及其意义。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“This year’s Chelsea Flower Show, held from May 21 to 25, featured (以……为特色) a garden that was designed by children, for children. (今年的切尔西花展于5月21日至25日举行，展出了一个由孩子们设计的、为孩子们设计的花园)”可知，今年的切尔西花展的特色是由孩子们设计、为孩子们设计的花园，因此今年的花展是以孩子为中心的。故选A。 2． 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Children played an important role in this year’s show. The “no adults allowed” garden was designed by primary school children. And it featured a woodland that invited exploration, a grassland with grass and wildflowers and a wetland area with bog plants. It also featured a play area that included a natural cave leading into a pool of water, providing a slide for children to enjoy. The show was a sensation, drawing in many families and community members, who were excited to see the creative designs. The young designers confidently presented their ideas to the visitors, sharing what they learned throughout the creative process. (孩子们在今年的花展中扮演了重要角色。这个“成人禁止入内”的花园是由小学生设计的，它包括了一个邀请探索的林地、一片种满草和野花的草地以及一个有沼泽植物的湿地。此外，还有一个游乐区，包含了一个通向水池的天然洞穴，并提供滑梯供孩子们玩耍。这次展览引起了轰动，吸引了许多家庭和社区成员前来参观这些创意设计。年轻设计师们自信地向参观者展示了他们的想法，并分享了他们在创作过程中学到的知识)”可知，第二段主要讲述了孩子们设计的花园非常有特色和创意，引起了大家的关注，即本段主要讲述孩子们的创造力。故选A。 3． 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Judges from primary school evaluated each garden based on whether a garden was a good place to play, whether it was attractive to wildlife, and how the garden made them feel. (来自小学的评委们根据花园是否是玩耍的好地方、是否吸引野生动物以及花园带给他们的感受来评估每个花园)”可知，小评委们选择最佳花园的依据是它对孩子们和野生动物的吸引力。故选D。 4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中Helena Pettit所说的话“The show was uniquely designed to prove how important it is for children to have access (通道) to nature. We’re delighted that we have children designers taking centre stage, who want to encourage other children around the world to become gardeners, to help save the planet and have fun. (这次展览的独特设计旨在证明孩子们接触自然的重要性。我们很高兴看到孩子们作为设计师成为焦点，他们希望鼓励世界各地的孩子成为园艺师，帮助拯救地球并享受乐趣)”可知，Helena Pettit认为孩子们应该做的是增加与自然的联系。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东中山·期末) After returing from his job as a cultural relics protection worker 10 years ago, Wang Yongxian kept his love for ancient Chinese architecture (建筑) through teaching. Now aged 73, he still teaches a course named “Conservation and Restoration of Ancient Chinese Buildings” at a University in Shanxi province. His main interest is Dougong, a construction method that uses interlocking (紧密连接的) wooden pieces to form structures. The method is one of the most important features of ancient Chinese architecture. Wang also started online classes to better explain Dougong to those who showed a strong interest in his course. Following a suggestion from his students, he became a vlogger using the account name “Dougong class”. The account is regularly updated with short video clips Wang produces himself. He is surprised that his classes are so popular on social media. The first six lectures on ancient Chinese buildings that he uploaded over a six-month period have received 1.6 million views. To make it easier for newcomers to the subject to understand, Wang made a wooden Dougong model. Each part is marked with a number or name, and the model can be taken apart and put together, a process that Wang filmed and put online. Some viewers said that they had long been puzzled by Dougong structures, but finally understood how they work after watching the video of “Dougong grandpa”. Wang said when he was young, the beautiful ancient temples in his hometown had ignited his interest in ancient wooden buildings and finally led him to turn his interest into a lifelong career. What makes him happy today is not only that the government set aside more money for the research and protection of cultural relics, but also that society is more aware of the importance of such work. To his surprise, about 90 percent of his more than 100,000 viewers online are below age 30. That fact makes him more confident that as long as the story of Chinese ancient architecture is told in the right way, it can attract more people. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Dougong is a well-protected Chinese building structure. B．Dougong is a traditional Chinese wooden building method. C．Dougong is a course which Wang teaches after retirement. D．Dougong is the most important feature of ancient architecture. 2．What made Wang a vlogger? A．The advice from his students. B．The online course he attended. C．The popularity of social media. D．The awareness to attract viewers. 3．What can we learn about Wang’s vlog from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．It is updated by his students. B．It proves to be a great success. C．It is intended for newcomers. D．It has puzzled some viewers. 4．What does the underlined word “ignited” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Ignored. B．Widened. C．Started. D．Changed. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了文物保护者王永先退休后通过教学保持对中国古建筑的热爱，他在网络上开设的斗拱课程深受观众喜爱，让大家明白了斗拱的工作原理，王永先很高兴自己拥有很多年轻观众，希望吸引更多人关注和保护中国古建筑。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“His main interest is Dougong, a construction method that uses interlocking (紧密连接的) wooden pieces to form structures. The method is one of the most important features of ancient Chinese architecture. (他的主要兴趣是斗拱，一种使用紧密连接的木块形成结构的建筑方法。这种方法是中国古代建筑最重要的特征之一)”可知，斗拱是中国传统的木结构建筑方法。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Following a suggestion from his students, he became a vlogger using the account name “Dougong class”. (在学生的建议下，他成为了一名视频博主，账号名为“斗拱课”)”可知，王永先是在学生的建议下成为视频博主的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He is surprised that his classes are so popular on social media. The first six lectures on ancient Chinese buildings that he uploaded over a six-month period have received 1.6 million views. (他很惊讶自己的课程在社交媒体上如此受欢迎。他在六个月的时间里上传的关于中国古代建筑的前六个讲座已经获得了160万的点击量)”可知，王永先的视频课程很受欢迎，获得大量点击。由此可知，他的视频被证明是一个巨大的成功。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Wang said when he was young, the beautiful ancient temples in his hometown (王说，当他年轻的时候，家乡美丽的古庙)”和下文“his interest in ancient wooden buildings and finally led him to turn his interest into a lifelong career (他对古代木结构建筑的兴趣，最终使他把兴趣变成了一生的事业)”可知，王永先在叙述自己如何对古代木结构建产生兴趣，继而从事该事业的过程。由此推知，家乡美丽的古庙引发了他的兴趣，画线词意思应该与start“开启，启动”一致。故选C项。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·广东广州越秀区·期末) One year after WildAid started its new program to protect ocean wildlife in China, Chinese world-famous pianist Lang Lang has joined the latest public campaign (运动), “Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” on Friday. The campaign video public service announcement (PSA) impressed the public with Lang Lang playing his song “Stay”, greatly calling attention to the beauty and importance of protecting the marine life in China’s waters such as whale sharks, sea turtles, dolphins and spotted seals. A new series of messages calls on the public to help protect marine biodiversity (生物多样性) by supporting marine protected areas (MPAs) and the protection of ocean wildlife. The campaign video PSA and billboards, which will be displayed across China, were released (发布) at a Beijing press event hosted by WildAid, with China Green Carbon Foundation and the First Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources (FIO) as key partners. Ranked among “the world’s 100 most influential people” by Time magazine, Lang Lang has served as WildAid ambassador for more than 12 years, contributed to protecting endangered wildlife and nature. Speaking at the event he said, “we can all play our part in protecting our oceans by taking simple steps, such as refusing to eat endangered wildlife such as sea turtles, reporting illegal wildlife trade, and reducing the use of single-use plastics.” WildAid also designed online activities for this campaign in which Lang Lang invites users to re-create his song “Stay” through the two most popular social platforms in China: Weibo and Tik Tok. Lang Lang joined this campaign following a survey report conducted by WildAid and FIO that discusses public awareness of MPAs and marine biodiversity in China. The report finds that more than 80% of the survey takers believe that MPAs are very important, but their understanding of the functions of MPAs is low. More than half do not know the term “marine biodiversity” and have not received enough information about marine protection. “Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” campaign PSA and billboards will be given out at outdoor places across China, reaching millions of viewers. 1．What is the purpose of the latest PSA of WorldAid? A．To show the special beauty of marine life in China’s waters. B．To stress the importance of protecting China’s ocean wildlife. C．To call on the public to support marine protected areas (MPAs). D．To invite world-famous pianist Lang Lang to join the campaign. 2．What does Lang Lang ask people to do to protect the ocean life? A．Report illegal wildlife hunting to FIO. B．Stop eating endangered wildlife. C．Re-create his song “Stay” on line. D．Call on friends to join the campaign. 3．What is one of the findings of the survey report? A．Lots of Chinese do not clearly know how to protect the ocean life. B．The Chinese public would like to help protect marine biodiversity. C．The Chinese public awareness of marine biodiversity should be raised. D．Weibo and Tik Tok are the two most popular social platforms in China. 4．Which of the following best describe the campaign PSA? A．Interesting. B．Demanding. C．Beneficial. D．Enjoyable. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道中国著名钢琴家郎朗于周五加入了最新的公众活动“在海洋交响曲中发挥你的作用”。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The campaign video public service announcement (PSA) impressed the public with Lang Lang playing his song ‘Stay’, greatly calling attention to the beauty and importance of protecting the marine life in China’s waters such as whale sharks, sea turtles, dolphins and spotted seals.(郎朗的歌曲《Stay》给公众留下了深刻的印象，他在活动视频公益公告 (PSA) 中极大地唤起了人们对保护鲸鲨、海龟、海豚和斑海豹等中国海域海洋生物的美丽和重要性的关注)”可知，最新PSA的目的是强调保护中国海洋野生动物的重要性。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“we can all play our part in protecting our oceans by taking simple steps, such as refusing to eat endangered wildlife such as sea turtles, reporting illegal wildlife trade, and reducing the use of single-use plastics.(我们都可以通过采取简单的措施来保护我们的海洋，比如拒绝食用海龟等濒危野生动物，举报非法野生动物贸易，减少一次性塑料的使用)”可知，郎朗要求人们停止食用濒危野生动物以保护海洋生物。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“The report finds that more than 80% of the survey takers believe that MPAs are very important, but their understanding of the functions of MPAs is low. More than half do not know the term ‘marine biodiversity’ and have not received enough information about marine protection.(报告发现，超过80%的受访者认为MPA非常重要，但他们对MPA功能的了解程度较低。超过一半的人不知道‘海洋生物多样性’一词，也没有收到足够的海洋保护信息)”可推知，许多中国人不清楚如何保护海洋生物。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The campaign video public service announcement (PSA) impressed the public with Lang Lang playing his song ‘Stay’, greatly calling attention to the beauty and importance of protecting the marine life in China’s waters such as whale sharks, sea turtles, dolphins and spotted seals.(郎朗的歌曲《Stay》给公众留下了深刻的印象，他在活动视频公益公告 (PSA) 中极大地唤起了人们对保护鲸鲨、海龟、海豚和斑海豹等中国海域海洋生物的美丽和重要性的关注)”以及上下文可推知，PSA活动是对海洋非常有益的。故选C项。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上·广东深圳光明区·期末) Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois, the United States. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. Mr. Durietz has been teaching for 53 years — since he was 23 years old. When he was just 11, Mr. Durietz says, he made up his mind to be a social studies teacher. Social studies is the study of history, and how people, countries, and cultures are connected. He became interested in history after hearing stories from his father, who fought in World War II. Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee, Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. He says he loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. “Teaching is never boring,” he says. “Every day is different.” Things have changed a lot since Mr. Durietz first began teaching. When he started, he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards. Despite this, Mr. Durietz says the students are still pretty much the same — except that now they have cell phones. With or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. He has even organized elections at school to help his students learn about politics. Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. But his family, friends, and the people he works with encouraged him to apply to Guinness to see if he’d set a record. He had. Now he still has no plans to retire any time soon. “Keep working on what I love to do in life,” he says. 1．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce Guinness world Records. B．To inspire readers to create records. C．To recognize teachers’ contribution. D．To report a record-setting teacher. 2．What has changed greatly in Mr. Durietz’s teaching career? A．Teaching equipment. B．Students’ attitudes. C．His love of teaching. D．Classroom activities. 3．Why will Mr. Durietz continue his work? A．He wants to keep his world record. B．He is devoted to his beloved career. C．He enjoys overcoming difficulties. D．He is persuaded to keep working. 4．What message does the text convey? A．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. B．Success comes to those who never give up. C．Greatness can be achieved in ordinary jobs. D．It takes combined efforts to realize a dream. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是保罗·杜里茨是一位76岁的社会研究教师，9月1日，他创造了世界上最长的教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录。 1．推理判断题。根据首段中的“On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. Mr. Durietz has been teaching for 53 years — since he was 23 years old.(9月1日，他创造了世界上最长的教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录。Durietz先生从23岁开始，已经从教53年了。)”可知，Paul Durietz创造了世界上时间最长教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录，结合下文讲的Paul Durietz的教育生涯、他的教学方法以及对教育的热情可知，本文的目的是报道一位创造记录的教师。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Things have changed a lot since Mr. Durietz first began teaching. When he started, he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards.(自从Mr. Durietz 开始教书以来，情况发生了很大变化。刚开始的时候，他用粉笔在黑板上写字，学生们用的是纸质课本。这些天，他和学生们使用电脑和数字白板。)”可知，自Mr. Durietz 开始教书以来，开始使用粉笔在黑板上写字，学生使用纸质书本到现在他们使用电脑与数字白板，由此可知，在Mr. Durietz 的教学生涯中盈生很大变化的是教学设施。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Now he still has no plans to retire any time soon. “Keep working on what I love to do in life,” he says.(现在，他仍然没有短期内退休的计划。“继续做我喜欢做的事情，”他说。)”可知，Mr. Durietz说他愿意继续做他喜欢做的事情，由此可知，Mr. Durietz继续工作的原因是他致力于自己喜欢的事业。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. Mr. Durietz has been teaching for 53 years — since he was 23 years old.(9月1日，他创造了世界上最长的教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录。Durietz先生从23岁开始，已经从教53年了。)”可知，Paul Durietz从教53年，创造了世界上时间最长教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录，由此可知，在平凡的岗位上也可以成就伟大。故选C项。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末) Thomas Scovel, one of the first professors from the United States to teach at a Chinese university, returned to his old school recently to make a donation (捐赠) for one of his former students. Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US. He came back to China in 1979 to take up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University. The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978, took to the stage at the university’s 60th anniversary celebration on Sept 28 to present a check for 2.2 million yuan ($300,000) to the university for his former student Yang Bin. The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous. For the teaching awards, they have been named after Scovel and his wife Janene, who also taught at the university. Zhou Honglei, the university’s leader, recognized Scovel as “one of the first foreign professors to journey from the US to China”. Scovel wrote a message for the university’s 60th anniversary celebration, reflecting on the late 1970s when China began its journey of reform and opening-up. From 1979 on, Scovel only returned to the university in 2014 for its 50th anniversary. In one of his writings, he remembered encountering a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ” “Little did I know that not long after the new millennium (千年), China would far overtake Japan in terms of exports to the US,” he said. Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978. “Forty years ago, it was almost unimaginable that, in today’s China, numerous people would have their own houses, have a car and that phones would be more common than fountain pens,” he said. 1．What can we know about Thomas Scovel? A．He has completed a book about his family. B．He has mostly lived in China since 1979. C．He once worked as a doctor. D．He is in his eighties now. 2．Why did Yang Bin donate the money to the university? A．To reward teachers and students. B．To purchase some teaching equipment. C．To offer poor students some education fees. D．To help with the construction of some buildings. 3．What does the underlined word “encountering” in the fifth paragraph mean? A．Depending on. B．Coming across. C．Breaking into. D．Turning in. 4．What is a suitable title for the news report? A．US professor describes great changes in China since 1978 B．Scovel writes a message for university’s 60th anniversary C．US professor makes speeches at Tianjin Foreign Studies University D．Scovel takes up a teaching position at Tianjin Foreign Studies University 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是美国教授托马斯·斯科维尔重返中国高校，为其曾教过的学生捐赠奖学金，并回顾了自1978年中国改革开放以来的巨大变迁。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scovel was actually born in Jining, Shandong province, in 1939 as the son of a doctor from America and later returned to the US.(斯科维尔1939年出生于山东省济宁市，父亲是一名美国医生，后来回到美国。)”可知，关于托马斯·斯科维尔我们能知道他现在八十多岁了。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The donation will go toward a kind of scholarship (奖学金) and awards for teachers, and adds to an earlier 2 million yuan donated by Yang in 2014. The cash was paid to students as awards for exhibiting exceptional leadership, athletic skills and a spirit of being helpful and generous.(这笔捐款将用于教师奖学金和奖励，这是杨先生在2014年捐赠的200万元的基础上的又一笔捐款。这笔钱是作为对表现出卓越领导能力、运动技能以及乐于助人和慷慨精神的学生的奖励。)”可知，杨先生把钱捐给学校是为了奖励老师和学生。故选A项。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…a short political phrase put up on the wall promoting the then popular “four modernizations” on a billboard, which read, “Catch up with and overtake Japan by the Year 2000! ”(……一个简短的政治标语，用来宣传当时流行的“四个现代化”，上面写着：“到2000年赶上并超过日本！”他说：“我一点也不知道，在新千年之后不久，中国对美国的出口将远远超过日本。”)”由此可知，此处为他记得在一个广告牌上看到了一个简短的政治标语。故可猜测划线单词encountering为“看到”的意思，和B选项Coming across“偶遇”意思相近。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是第三段中“The former professor, who has written a book about the great changes that have taken place in China since reform and opening-up was introduced in 1978(这位前教授写了一本关于中国自1978年改革开放以来发生的巨大变化的书)”和第四段以及最后一段中的“Scovel noted the significant changes in China since 1978.(斯科维尔指出，中国自1978年以来发生了重大变化。)”可知，这篇新闻报道的合适标题是“一位美国教授描述了1978年以来中国的巨大变化”。故选A项。 Passage 5 (24-25高一上·广东广州花都区二校联考·期末) It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 (23-24高一上·广东清远·期末) Recently, craftsman Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months making three “chicken-blood” stone carvings, which showed the taekwondo and wrestling competitions of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. Qian Gaochao is a national inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of the chicken-blood stone carving. He is working on the other carvings related to the Asian Games in the chicken-blood stone museum in Changhua town, Zhejiang Province. Chicken-blood stone is one of China’s most valued decorative materials and has been used for centuries to create carved works with unique red markings. With its bright blood-red color, bright crystal-like jade texture, quality and shape, chicken-blood stone is admired all over the world. It is valuable in art because of its adaptability, which can be made into decorations of various sizes and forms. It not only records geological (地质的) changes, but also reflects the productivity of different times, living conditions and folk customs. The stone has become a cultural symbol of deepening the friendship in diplomatic (外交的) activities. For example, in 1972, the Chinese premier gave Changhua chicken-blood stones to Japan as State gifts. In 1986, a seal of Changhua stone was presented to the US. In 2016, the Changhua stone sculpture “Haliaeetus Albicilla Duda Portrait Seal” was presented to Poland. In September 2016, 36 sets of portrait seals were given as gifts to guests who attended the 11th G20 Summit in Hangzhou. “As a craftsman, I’m not only doing carving work but also recording the development and changes of our society and remembering the era through my carvings,” Qian Gaochao says. He has created fascinating works, many of which are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made important contributions to the country. “We are also hiring qualified people to continue to promote these traditional skills,” Qian Gaochao says. “Additionally, we often hold research activities and provide training courses, enabling more young students to understand and learn Chinese traditional culture,” he adds. 1．What are Qian Gaochao and his sons recent works about? A．Famous sports athletes. B．Beautiful natural scenery. C．International sporting events. D．Ancient folk customs in Changhua. 2．What makes Changhua chicken-blood stone valuable in art? A．It is rare for its unique shape. B．It has a bright blood-red color. C．It is a mirror of the local customs. D．It can be shaped into various designs. 3．What is the purpose of the examples in paragraph 3? A．To present the popularity of chicken-blood stone. B．To show the role of chicken-blood stone in diplomacy. C．To explain the ways to promote Changhua’s economy. D．To prove the importance of Chinese culture in connecting the world. 4．What do we know about Qian Gaochao from his words? A．He provides free carving courses for qualified students. B．The protection of traditional culture faces great challenges. C．Learning carving skills is not attractive to modern young people. D．He devotes himself to recording Chinese development through carving. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了工匠钱高潮父子制作的展示杭州亚运会跆拳道和摔跤比赛的三个鸡血雕塑。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, craftsman Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months making three “chicken-blood” stone carvings, which showed the taekwondo and wrestling competitions of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022.”（近日，工匠钱高潮和儿子花了半年多时间，制作了三件“鸡血”石雕，展示了2022年杭州第19届亚运会跆拳道和摔跤比赛。）可知，钱高潮父子最近的作品是关于国际体育赛事。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is valuable in art because of its adaptability, which can be made into decorations of various sizes and forms.”（它的适应性很强，可以做成各种大小和形式的装饰品，在艺术上很有价值。）可知，彰化鸡血石的艺术价值是它可以塑造成各种各样的图案。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The stone has become a cultural symbol of deepening the friendship in diplomatic (外交的) activities.”（在外交活动中，玉石已成为加深友谊的文化象征。）可知，第三段中的例子的目的是展示鸡血石在外交中的作用。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“He has created fascinating works, many of which are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made important contributions to the country.”（他创作了许多引人入胜的作品，其中许多都与中国历史上的重要事件和对国家做出重要贡献的名人有关。）可知，从钱高潮的话中我们可以了解到他致力于用雕刻来记录中国的发展。故选D项。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 (23-24高一上·广东深圳宝安区·期末) Can wine corks(酒瓶塞) be used in architecture? This is the innovation(创新) that Yan Sze Hon, a 31-year-old Hong Kong man, is striving for in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area(GBA). Born and raised in Hong Kong, Yan came to Guangzhou in 2021 after several years of doing remodeling projects for old houses in Portugal. With the establishment of the GBA, “I saw the great opportunity and market prospects(前景) in the area,” Yan said. Yan wanted to bring back an innovative idea from Portugal—using wine corks as an environmentally friendly building material. “I love wine, and Portugal is the largest cork producer in the world,” Yan said. “It occurred to me that by recycling the corks, we can actually use them inside doors and walls to make them more sound-proof, which can provide a quieter private space for people.” According to Yan, he was one of the first to put this idea into practice, and obtained success in Portugal. “Now I want to be the one that takes the first step in China,” Yan said. Yan said that companies like his have benefited a lot from the supportive policies of the GBA．Since the establishment of the GBA, Guangdong has built 13 innovation and entrepreneurship bases, providing resources and services for nearly 600 Hong Kong and Macao entrepreneurship teams. He chose Guangzhou’s Tianhe district because it offers cheaper accommodation and office space to Hong Kong and Macao businessmen. “Also, the opening of new ports has made it very convenient for the flow of goods and talented people,” Yan said. “I’m sure GBA will be the right place for me to start my business on the Chinese mainland,” Yan said. One day, he wants his business to operate in Shanghai, Zhejiang and more places. 1．What innovation is Yan Sze Hon trying to achieve in the GBA? A．Designing environment-friendly buildings. B．Using wine corks as a building material. C．Establishing an architectural enterprise. D．Remodeling projects for the old houses. 2．What can we know about the wine corks? A．They are accessible in the world. B．They can create a soundless place. C．They do harm to the environment. D．They have been recycled in Portugal. 3．How have companies like Yan Sze Hon’s benefited from the local support? A．They have access to cheaper accommodation and offices. B．They have been able to hire talented people to the GBA． C．They have been granted loans for innovative projects. D．They have received financial support from the 13 bases. 4．Which of the following can best describe Yan Sze Hon? A．Intelligent and humorous. B．Cautious and far-sighted. C．Ambitious and creative. D．Supportive and outgoing. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【难度】1.65 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了31岁的香港人Yan Sze Hon在粤港澳大湾区创业，他带来了一种创意——将酒瓶塞用作环保型的建筑材料。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Can wine corks(酒瓶塞) be used in architecture? This is the innovation(创新) that Yan Sze Hon, a 31-year-old Hong Kong man, is striving for in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area(GBA).(葡萄酒瓶塞可以用于建筑吗？这是31岁的香港人Yan Sze Hon在粤港澳大湾区所追求的创新。)”可知，他想要在GBA实现把酒瓶塞用作环保型建筑材料的创意。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Yan wanted to bring back an innovative idea from Portugal—using wine corks as an environmentally friendly building material.(Yan想从葡萄牙带回一个创意——将葡萄酒瓶塞用作一种环保建筑材料。)”和第四段中的“According to Yan, he was one of the first to put this idea into practice, and obtained success in Portugal.(Yan说，他是最早将这一想法付诸实践的人之一，并在葡萄牙获得了成功。)”可知，葡萄牙已经将葡萄酒瓶塞用作一种环保建筑材料，由此可推测出，葡萄牙已经将葡萄酒瓶塞回收利用了。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He chose Guangzhou’s Tianhe district because it offers cheaper accommodation and office space to Hong Kong and Macao businessmen.(他之所以选择广州天河区，是因为这里为香港和澳门商人提供更便宜的住宿和办公场所。)”可知，像Yan Sze Hon这样的公司能够享受当地提供的便宜住宿和办公场所。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This is the innovation(创新) that Yan Sze Hon, a 31-year-old Hong Kong man, is striving for in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area(GBA).(这是31岁的香港人Yan Sze Hon在粤港澳大湾区所追求的创新。)”可推知，他是一个有创造性的人。根据第二段中的“With the establishment of the GBA, ‘I saw the great opportunity and market prospects(前景) in the area,’ Yan said.(随着GBA的建立，‘我看到了该地区的巨大机遇和市场前景，’严说。)”和最后一段中的“One day, he wants his business to operate in Shanghai, Zhejiang and more places.(有一天，他希望自己的生意能在上海、浙江等地开展。)”可推测出，他是一个有雄心壮志的人。故选C。 主题05 人与社会——生活学习 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东深圳龙华区统考·期末) One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 1．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 2．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 3．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 4．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了一个关于飞机上中间座位的讨论，许多人表示，大多数乘坐飞机的人无法理解为什么有人会选择中间的座位，而不是靠窗或靠过道的座位。但在大多数人中，出现了一些支持中间席位的人。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want?(最近推特上的一个主角是一名男子，他在飞机上选择坐在一对夫妇中间的座位，而不是挪到旁边。这种情况引发了一些问题：这些爱坐在中间的人是谁？他们想要什么？)”可推知，作者通过提供一个不寻常的座位选择开始这篇文章。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.”(“在中间的座位上，我觉得我不会朝这边或那边倾斜，通常坐得很舒服，”一个人写道。另一个人补充道：“我不会被过道上走过的人或行李撞到。”)”可知，后文列举了两个支持中间座位的人，故划线词意思是“支持”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.”(作为三个孩子的母亲，“拥有私人空间是一个遥远的记忆。她说。“中间座位的责任最少，”她写道。“我不能控制窗帘，出去或上厕所只需要经过一个人。”)”可知，萨曼莎喜欢中间的座位是为了减少不必要的麻烦。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.”(他补充说：“人们真的很在乎‘中间座位’，所以他们更有可能在拿起这本杂志时看到它。”)”可知，斯科特选择“中间座位”作为他日记的名字是为了吸引读者的眼球。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东深圳（外研版）·期末) Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct. It’s a state of contentment discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival. Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, an American minister. He invented “positive thinking”, a concept now deeply rooted in our culture and steadily growing in influence. Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you’ll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don’t think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of sustained happiness. We are not designed that way. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffering, as it is based on the idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable possibilities, which is much more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat. I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes. 1．Which of the following statements will the writer probably agree? A．Happiness is a goal that can be achieved. B．Happiness is an idea created by human being. C．Popular culture helps discover the secrets of happiness. D．Happiness enables people to fight against our survival dangers. 2．What’s the writer’s attitude towards positive thinking industry? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Indifferent. 3．What does the writer mean by saying "the devil always has the best tunes" in last paragraph? A．Happiness industry has strong influence on people. B．People begin to accept that life is full of challenge. C．Reducing suffering can guarantee life-long happiness. D．Unhappiness will not necessarily dominate people’s life. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Happiness in Suffering B．The pursuit of Happiness C．The Happiness Fantasy D．Happiness Chasing Industry 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章认为快乐不是自然就存在的，是人们自己架构出来的。追求快乐就像追逐影子一样。挪威人 Peale 发明了正向思考来解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是人生中不可避免的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静，但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct.”（幸福不是自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）由此可知，幸福是人类创造的一种观念。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don’t think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are unavoidable, or cannot be overcome.”（这很简单，很明显，不是真的。我认为没有必要解释生活中的许多障碍和不幸是不可避免的，或者是无法克服的）由此判断出，作者对正向思考持反对的态度。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据上文“I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world.”（我相信接受生活本来的样子，而不是像幸福告诉我们的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会更加平和地面对自己和世界）再综合全文的语篇架构，第一段讲快乐的状态会让人们降低对危险的警醒，第二段又讲正向思考根深蒂固，有很大的影响。第三四两段表明作者不同的观点，第五段强调作者的观点，然后用了转折意义的词“Unfortunatefuly”来说明快乐的“魔力”快乐对人有很大的影响。所以判断出，通过划线词的意思作者意在表明快乐对人有很大的影响。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Happiness is not natural. It’s a mere human construct.（幸福不是自然就有的。是人类创造出来的）”和第二段的“Chasing happiness is like chasing a shadow, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. （追逐幸福就像追逐影子，但积极思考行业声称知道它的秘密）”结合下文，挪威人 Peale 发明了正向思考来解释快乐，但作者认为有些磨难是人生中不可避免的，最终结局也未必是持久的快乐。作者认为接受现实会更快乐和使人平静，但快乐确实对人有很大的影响。所以短文的最佳标题为“幸福幻想”。故选C项。 主题06 人与社会——科技创新 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东阳江高新区·期末) BEIJING — Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China will launch the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative, which presents a constructive approach to addressing universal concerns over AI development and governance and drew up blueprints for relevant international discussions and rule-making, a foreign ministry spokesperson said on Wednesday. Xi made the announcement in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) in Beijing on Wednesday. “It is part of China’s active effort to advance the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative,” the spokesperson said. AI is a new frontier of human development, and it comes with major opportunities and hard-to-predict risks and challenges that require global response, the spokesperson said. The spokesperson said the Initiative systematically outlines China’s proposals on AI governance from three aspects, namely, the development, security and governance of AI. The core components of the Initiative are: We should uphold a people-centered approach in developing AI and adhere to the principle of developing AI for the good of humanity, so that AI is developed in a way that is beneficial to human progress; We should uphold the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit in AI development, and oppose drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other countries from developing AI; We should promote the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels, so as to make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable and equitable; We support efforts to develop AI governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus and with full respect for policies and practices among countries, and support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI; Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity. “China stands ready to have exchanges and practical cooperation with all sides on global AI governance and deliver benefit for all human beings through AI technology,” the spokesperson added. 1．What announcement was made according to Paragraph 1? A．Rules about AI control in China. B．A initiative about governing AI globally. C．Universal concerns about AI development. D．Domestic plans for AI rule-making. 2．We can learn from the spokesman that __________. A．AI development needs global concerns B．China has made every effort to develop AI C．The initiative was launched related to four aspects D．AI should advance based on the needs of robots 3．What’s China’s attitude towards AI development according to the text? A．Supportive if it’s for human-kind. B．Indifferent if it’s for some people’s benefit. C．Disapproved if it is not for education. D．Neutral whatever it is. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国外交部发言人周三表示，中国国家主席习近平宣布，中国将启动全球人工智能(AI)治理倡议。文章主要报道了中国外交部发言人的发言内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China will launch the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative, which presents a constructive approach to addressing universal concerns over AI development and governance and drew up blueprints for relevant international discussions and rule-making, a foreign ministry spokesperson said on Wednesday.(中国外交部发言人周三表示，中国国家主席习近平宣布，中国将启动全球人工智能(AI)治理倡议，该倡议为解决人工智能发展和治理方面的普遍担忧提供了一种建设性的方式，并为相关的国际讨论和规则制定制定了蓝图。)”可知，第一段中，宣布了一项关于全球人工智能治理的倡议，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“AI is a new frontier of human development, and it comes with major opportunities and hard-to-predict risks and challenges that require global response, the spokesperson said.(这位发言人说，人工智能是人类发展的一个新前沿，它伴随着重大机遇和难以预测的风险和挑战，需要全球作出反应。)”可知，从发言人的发言中，我们可以得知，人工智能的发展需要全球关注，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“China stands ready to have exchanges and practical cooperation with all sides on global AI governance and deliver benefit for all human beings through AI technology.(中方愿与各方就全球人工智能治理开展交流与务实合作，通过人工智能技术造福全人类。)”可推知，中国愿意通过人工智能技术造福全人类，由此可推知，如果是为了人类的利益，那么中国对人工智能的发展是支持的，故选A。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·广东深圳外国语学校高中本部及分校·期末) The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), China’s leading aircraft maker, created the country’s first fully solar-powered drone (无人机). The large drone, Qimingxing 50, took off at 5:50 pm on September 3rd, 2022, from an airport in Yulin of Shaanxi Province and stayed in the air for 26 minutes before landing on the same runway. AVIC said that all systems of the unmanned plane functioned well on its first flight. Powered by six electric motors with solar batteries, the drone is designed to conduct long-time operations in near space. Near space is that part of Earth’s atmosphere at altitudes of 20 to 100 kilometers. It is above the top altitudes of commercial airliners but below orbiting satellites. Qimingxing 50, also called “quasi-satellite”, features high operational efficiency and eco-friendliness and will be tasked with high-altitude reconnaissance (侦察), forestry fire monitoring, atmospheric environmental inspection, aerial mapping, communication signal relay and other operations. “Thanks to its capability to conduct very long endurance flights in near space, the drone can essentially become a substitute for satellites,” a Chinese aerospace expert said. Satellite services are not always available due to the limited number of satellites and relatively fixed schedules of overhead passes. In time-sensitive missions, near-space drones can offset these disadvantages, the expert said, noting that satellite services could also be damaged in wartime, so near-space drones could replace them in this occasion. The successful first flight of the Qimingxing-50 lays a solid foundation for the development of key technologies in the country’s new energy field, the composite (复合的) material field, which will enhance China’s ability to perform tasks in near space and over far oceans. AVIC will seize the opportunity to increase investment and speed up the development of large solar-powered unmanned aircraft. 1．What do we know about AVIC? A．It produced the world’s largest unmanned plane. B．It started the trend of using solar batteries in aircraft. C．It developed China’s first fully solar-powered drone. D．It greatly improved the speed of commercial airliners. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Qimingxing 50? A．Its design features. B．Its diverse functions. C．Its operating procedures. D．Its environmental benefits 3．What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Detect. B．Expose. C．Analyze. D．Remove. 4．What will AVIC do in the future? A．Increase investment in the new energy industry. B．Accelerate the development of large solar drones. C．Create a new composite material to manufacture aircraft. D．Make Qimingxing-50 conduct long-time tasks over far seas. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国航空工业集团制造公司的“启明星50”太阳能无人机首飞成功。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), China’s leading aircraft maker, created the country’s first fully solar-powered drone (无人机). (中国领先的飞机制造商中国航空工业集团公司制造了我国第一架全太阳能驱动的无人机。)”可知，AVIC开发了中国第一架全太阳能无人机。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Qimingxing 50, also called ‘quasi-satellite’, features high operational efficiency and eco-friendliness and will be tasked with high-altitude reconnaissance (侦察), forestry fire monitoring, atmospheric environmental inspection, aerial mapping, communication signal relay and other operations. (‘启明星50’也被称为‘准卫星’，具有作业效率高和生态友好的特点，将执行高空侦察、林业火灾监测、大气环境检查、航空测绘、通信信号中继等任务。)”可知，本段主要告诉了我们“启明星50号”多样化的功能。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前面一句“Satellite services are not always available due to the limited number of satellites and relatively fixed schedules of overhead passes. (由于卫星数量有限和空中通行证的时间表相对固定，卫星服务并不总是可用。)”可知，画线词后的these disadvantages指代前面说的卫星数量有限和空中通行证的时间表相对固定这些不利条件。再根据画线词所在句中的“satellite services could also be damaged in wartime, so near-space drones could replace them in this occasion (卫星服务在战时也可能被破坏，所以在这种情况下，近太空无人机可以替代它们)”可知，近太空无人机可以在战时替代卫星服务，由此可推测出，这里在讲述近太空无人机相对于卫星服务的优点，近太空无人机可以抵消卫星服务的缺点。划线词offset的意思是“补偿，抵消”，和remove(消除)意思相近，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“AVIC will seize the opportunity to increase investment and speed up the development of large solar-powered unmanned aircraft. (中国航空工业集团制造公司将抓住机遇，增加投资，加快大型太阳能无人飞机的发展。)”可知，中国航空工业集团制造公司未来会加快开发大型太阳能无人机。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $