专题04 阅读理解（ 说明文）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（ 说明文） 主题01 人与自我——身心成长 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东广州天河区·期末) Conversations are like two-way streets: we take turns speaking and listening. While we often focus on what we say, there’s something effective in the act of listening. It can build trust, strengthen social relationships, and deepen our understanding of the world around us. So, it’s no surprise that when we think of listening, positive words like trust, respect, understanding and growth come to mind. But here’s where it gets difficult — being a good listener isn’t easy. It can cause emotional tiredness, especially in tough conversations. Think about the last time someone expressed their disappointment or shared their pain with you. How did you feel? My co-workers and I recently explored the downsides of listening in a study with school teachers. We found the more effort teachers put into listening, the more they reported feeling burned out. Why does this happen? For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words — it also means taking in their students’ emotional challenges, disappointments and struggles, especially when teachers feel responsible for solving problems they may have no way or time to deal with. Over time, this emotional pressure increases, leading to burnout finally. And this isn’t just a problem for teachers, it affects all of us. Whether we're parents, partners, friends, or co-workers, we all find ourselves in situations where we have to listen to others’ worries and stresses since we' re continuously connected and expected to be there for others. So, how can we listen without burning out? First, focus on listening without planning your response. This keeps you there and allows the speaker to feel truly heard. Second, understand that sometimes just listening is beneficial — don’t feel responsible to fix the problem unless you’re asked for advice. Finally, don't always feel like you have to respond or paraphrase. While paraphrasing can be helpful in many situations, when someone is sharing a really bad experience, like the loss of a loved one, mirroring those emotions back to them may only deepen their pain. 1．What can listening bring us according to paragraph 1? A．Physical growth. B．Good relationship. C．Economic support. D．Professional knowledge. 2．What does the underlined word “downsides” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Methods. B．Results. C．Challenges. D．Disadvantages. 3．In the study, why did teachers feel burnout? A．They failed to understand students’ struggles. B．They were forced to solve students’ challenges. C．They heard too many students’ emotional problems. D．They suffered growing stress for not helping students out. 4．What is suggested for listening? A．Listen without doing anything else. B．Repeat someone’s problem to themselves. C．Solve the speaker’s problem immediately. D．Think about your answer while listening. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了倾听的好处以及如何在倾听时避免感到疲惫。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It can build trust, strengthen social relationships, and deepen our understanding of the world around us.(它可以建立信任，加强社会关系，并加深我们对周围世界的理解。)”可知，倾听可以带来良好的人际关系。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“We found the more effort teachers put into listening, the more they reported feeling burned out.(我们发现，老师们在倾听上投入的努力越多，他们报告的疲惫感就越强。)”可知，作者和同事最近在与学校教师的一项研究中探讨了倾听的缺点，由此可知，“downsides”意思是“缺点，不利之处”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words — it also means taking in their students’ emotional challenges, disappointments and struggles, especially when teachers feel responsible for solving problems they may have no way or time to deal with. Over time, this emotional pressure increases, leading to burnout finally.(对老师来说，倾听不仅仅是听到话语——它还意味着接受学生的情感挑战、失望和挣扎，尤其是当老师觉得自己有责任解决他们可能没有办法或时间处理的问题时。随着时间的推移，这种情感压力会增加，最终导致疲惫。)”可知，老师们因为没有帮助学生而承受越来越大的压力。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“First, focus on listening without planning your response.(首先，专注于倾听，不要计划你的回应。)”可知，建议只听，不做其他任何事情。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末) Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a nice surprise. But when it comes to who will send the message first to get reconnected, most people just can’t make up their mind. According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. The study has also provided helpful suggestions on picking up old friendships. The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. As the findings showed, over 90 percent of them said that they could think of a long-lost friend and would like to speak with him again. However, when they were asked to send a message, only about one out of ten actually did. “We all know that trying to change people’s minds might not be the best practice,” says Nora Marshal, lead researcher of the study. “Instead of changing people’s minds, we needed to change their behavior.” The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones. Then, everyone was asked to write and send a message to an old friend. The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. By contrast, only 11 percent of those watching videos reached out to an old friend. So why is getting old friends reconnected difficult and we need to practise some warm-ups first? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers. That is why people feel worried about reconnecting. “We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” 1．What does the new study show? A．People are afraid to lose their old friends. B．People seldom hear from their old friends. C．People are unwilling to pick up their old friendship. D．People usually don’t dare to contact old friends first. 2．How did the researchers get the findings? A．By carrying out a survey. B．By discussing with 530 people. C．By teaming up with other groups. D．By comparing people’s minds and behavior. 3．What is the key step of the new strategy? A．Changing people’s minds. B．Reading some warm-up messages. C．Watching videos related to friendship. D．Contacting present friends to warm up. 4．What is Nora Marshal’s suggestion for us? A．Appreciate your friend’s efforts. B．Be brave to reach out to strangers. C．Feel free to reconnect our old friends. D．Consider carefully before taking action. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们害怕联系老朋友的这种现象以及采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. (根据一项新的研究，每个人都希望重建旧友谊，但令人惊讶的是，我们往往害怕迈出第一步)”可知，人们通常不敢先联系老朋友。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. (研究人员对近530人进行了调查)”可知，研究人员是通过进行调查得到这些发现的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones.  (研究小组提出了一种新的策略，并通过进行“热身”练习进行了测试。一组花三分钟给他们现在的朋友发信息，而另一组花三分钟在手机上看视频。然后，每个人都被要求写信给一位老朋友。)”及第六段“The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. (练习任务被证明是成功的：62%做了热身的人确实发送了信息——比没有做热身的人多了三分之二)”可知，新策略的关键步骤是联系现在的朋友作为热身练习。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” (诺拉说：“我们建议人们不要想太多，直接按下‘发送’键就可以了。”“只要站在他们朋友的立场上，想想他们收到老朋友的便条会有多感激。)”可知，诺拉·马歇尔给我们的建议是随时可以重新联系我们的老朋友。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东肇庆·期末) Do you believe in the power of the underdogs? Super Dreams, a movie based on a real-life story, follows the journey of a group of teenagers who win an international robotics competition. Born and raised in a low-income community, William Bates and his fellow teammates have big dreams. With a strong interest in advanced technology, especially robotics, they take on the challenge of the International Science and Engineering Competition, in which they are required to design a robot that can follow specific orders and carry out the tasks. However, the journey is anything but easy. Their school is unable to provide any funds, nor can they afford professional instructors. Instead of giving up, they decide to learn on their own. They do research in the library, watch related videos online, and turn to their science teachers at times. To perfect their design, the team work tirelessly after school, on weekends, and even during holidays. As recorded in the movie, this team outperforms other favored teams, winning first place in the final match. It proves that with a little bit of courage and a lot of heart, big dreams can come true. Just like what William says in the movie, "With determination and teamwork, kids from poor backgrounds can also achieve their dreams." The movie is a breath of fresh air in the world of teen stories. It is not just about winning a competition. It is also about personal growth. It is a reminder that success isn't about where you start, but about the strength of your will and the dreams rooted in your heart. If you are ready to see a group of teens who turn "can'ts" into "cans", then Super Dreams is what you have been looking for. You will never know what will happen when these kids are given a chance to shine. 1．What can we know about the journey of the teenagers according to the passage? A．They make a real-life movie. B．They take on many challenges. C．They win a global competition. D．They set special orders for robots. 2．Which of the following best describes William's team? A．Honest and determined. B．Brave and hard-working. C．Responsible and talented. D．Confident and interesting. 3．What does the movie Super Dreams focus on? A．Teenagers' personal life. B．Importance of education. C．Success in a competition. D．Power of sticking to dreams. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文为影视评论类说明文，介绍了一部名为Super Dreams的励志纪录片。来自低收入社区的一群青少年凭借团队合作和毅力积极应对挑战，赢得了国际机器人竞赛第一名。该影片告诉我们，不论出身背景，只要努力奋斗，我们就能实现梦想。 1．细节理解题。文章第一段“a group of teenagers who win an international robotics competition(一群赢得国际机器人竞赛的青少年)”表明，这群青少年获得了国际机器人竞赛奖项。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Instead of giving up, they decide to learn on their own. They do research in the library, watch related videos online, and turn to their science teachers at times. To perfect their design, the team work tirelessly after school, on weekends, and even during holidays.( 他们没有放弃，而是决定自学。他们在图书馆做研究，在网上观看相关视频，还不时向科学老师请教。为了完善他们的设计，团队成员在放学后、周末甚至假期都不知疲倦地工作)”以及第四段William原话中的“With determination and teamwork, kids from poor backgrounds can also achieve their dreams.(凭借决心和团队合作，出身贫困的孩子也能实现梦想)” 可知他们拥有勇敢直面困难和勤奋努力的优秀品质。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“It is a reminder that success isn't about where you start, but about the strength of your will and the dreams rooted in your heart.(这提醒着我们，成功不在于你从何处起步，而在于你意志的力量和内心深处的梦想)”可知，这部纪录片不仅是记录一次比赛输赢或青少年的个人故事，而是阐述了坚持梦想的力量。故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东佛山·期末) A recent survey found a quarter of people aged 18 to 34 never answer the phone and nearly 70% prefer a text to a phone call. For older generations, talking on the phone is normal. However, phone calls on the mobile would have cost a fortune in the past. And so, a generation of texters were born around 2000: mobile phone calls were for emergencies. Without the habit of speaking on the phone, young people now feel awkward when taking phone calls and some even fear the worst when their phone starts ringing. More than half of the people in the survey admit that they think an unexpected call means bad news. As our lives and working schedules get busier, people have less time to call friends simply to catch up. Phone calls, then, are kept only for import ant news in their lives. This tendency is also seen in the workplace. Henry Nelson, a 31-year-old content creator, says it’s the tension connected with real-time conversations, possible awkwardness, and the pressure to respond immediately that makes him hate talking on the phone. Dunja Relic, a 27-year-old lawyer, says answering a call requires you to stop what you’re doing, and this sets you back on your tasks. However, Ciara Brodie, a 25-year-old supermarket area manager, is against the flow. “I love it when my seniors at work call me. It’s more thoughtful than a text because it requires a certain amount of effort, so I really know that my boss appreciates my opinion,” she says. Some people may say this new communication tendency is further proof (证据) of young people being overly sensitive, but it’s actually far from that. Twenty-five years ago, people were opposed to shifting from fax (传真机) to email, but the change has made communication far more efficient. Perhaps now it’s time to accept the power of text and just as we gave up using the fax machine in the 1990s, we can leave the undesirable phone calls behind now. 1．What do young people think of a phone call according to the survey? A．It costs too much money. B．It changes their schedules. C．It suggests something serious. D．It makes people’s lives busier. 2．What is the main purpose of paragraph 4 concerning phone calls? A．To compare opinions on them. B．To explain why they are disliked at work. C．To discourage the use of them. D．To show how they influence people’s work. 3．Why does Brodie prefer taking phone calls? A．They make her feel valued. B．They lead her to be thoughtful. C．They encourage her creativity. D．They inspire extra efforts from her. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards text? A．Unclear. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful D．Favorable. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了年轻人更喜欢发短信而不是打电话的现象及其原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“More than half of the people in the survey admit that they think an unexpected call means bad news.(调查中超过一半的人承认，他们认为意外的电话意味着坏消息)”可知，年轻人认为电话意味着一些严重的事情。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Henry Nelson, a 31-year-old content creator, says it’s the tension connected with real-time conversations, possible awkwardness, and the pressure to respond immediately that makes him hate talking on the phone. Dunja Relic, a 27-year-old lawyer, says answering a call requires you to stop what you’re doing, and this sets you back on your tasks.(31岁的内容创作者亨利·尼尔森说，实时对话的紧张感、可能的尴尬以及立即回应的压力使他讨厌打电话。27岁的律师Dunja Relic说，接电话需要你停止正在做的事情，这会让你在任务上落后)可知，本段主要解释了为什么在工作中不喜欢打电话。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“However, Ciara Brodie, a 25-year-old supermarket area manager, is against the flow. “I love it when my seniors at work call me. It’s more thoughtful than a text because it requires a certain amount of effort, so I really know that my boss appreciates my opinion,” she says.(然而，25岁的超市区域经理Ciara Brodie反对这种趋势。她说：“我喜欢我的上司在工作中打电话给我。这比短信更周到，因为这需要一定的努力，所以我真的知道我的老板欣赏我的意见)”可知，Brodie喜欢接电话是因为这让她感到被重视。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Perhaps now it’s time to accept the power of text and just as we gave up using the fax machine in the 1990s, we can leave the undesirable phone calls behind now.(也许现在是时候接受短信的力量了，就像我们在20世纪90年代放弃使用传真机一样，我们现在可以抛弃不受欢迎的电话了)”可推知，作者对短信持支持态度。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东广州越秀区·调研) Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten every morning, just like many other five-year-olds in New York. Today, she is learning a poem. What is special is that it is a Chinese poem and that she is able to recite it without an accent. Soon she is going to learn Chinese handwriting too. “Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in her future career,” says her mother Alison. “I think it’s good for her to stretch herself by listening to and pronouncing new sounds, as well as learning to read and write Chinese characters.” More and more ambitious parents in the world are signing their children up for Chinese classes. Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see being fluent in a second or third language as an advantage. Learning Chinese is becoming such a global interest that the language has been included in the education systems of more than 75 countries. Over 4,000 overseas universities offer Chinese language courses and about 25 million people are learning Chinese outside China. It is easy to understand why Chinese is becoming so popular. Learning Chinese may help people get more job opportunities. China is already a global economic power, and its influence is growing. For example, there is China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which motivates many countries along the Silk Road to cooperate more closely. It has created thousands of local jobs, many of which need people with a knowledge of Chinese. Another reason is that studying Chinese provides access to wonderful Chinese history and culture. Adam Turner, a school head teacher in the UK, cites this as one of the most appealing aspects of the recently added Chinese course. “Students love the mystery of China,” he explains. “They want to know all about its traditions, dynasties and art forms. Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and broaden their minds to the outside world.” 1．Why does Mary-Jo Saunders’s mother have her learn Chinese? A．To give her an advantage in future work. B．To make her a top student in kindergarten. C．To support her to grow into a poetry expert. D．To improve her handwriting skills in general. 2．How does the writer show the global trend of learning Chinese? A．By providing data. B．By giving definitions. C．By making comparison. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 3．What can be inferred from Adam Turner’s words? A．Learning Chinese can ensure a promising future. B．Spreading Chinese language and culture is necessary. C．Studying Chinese can help develop cultural awareness. D．Starting a new Chinese learning program has been an appeal. 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Global popularity of learning Chinese. B．How Mary-Jo Saunders Learns Chinese. C．The Importance of being ambitious parents. D．How China’s Belt and Road Initiative Progresses. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球学习中文的趋势及其原因。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中““Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in her future career,” says her mother Alison. (“学习世界上使用人数最多的语言可能会让玛丽-乔在未来的职业生涯中占得先机，”她的母亲Alison说。)”可知，Mary-Jo Saunders的母亲让她学习中文是为了让她在未来的工作中占据优势。故选A。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Learning Chinese is becoming such a global interest that the language has been included in the education systems of more than 75 countries. Over 4,000 overseas universities offer Chinese language courses and about 25 million people are learning Chinese outside China. (学习中文正成为全球范围内的热门兴趣，已有75个以上的国家将中文纳入教育体系。超过4000所海外大学提供中文课程，而中文学习者人数在国外已达2500万。)”可知，作者通过提供数据来展示全球学习中文的趋势。故选A。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““They want to know all about its traditions, dynasties and art forms. Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and broaden their minds to the outside world.”(“学生们喜欢中国的神秘，”他解释道。“他们想了解它的所有传统、朝代和艺术形式。学习中文有助于他们从新的角度看待生活，拓宽对外界的视野。”)”可知，学习中文可以让学生从不同的角度看待生活，并拓宽他们的视野到外部世界，这体现了文化意识的培养。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“More and more ambitious parents in the world are signing their children up for Chinese classes. (世界上越来越多有抱负的父母正在给孩子报名参加中文课程。)”和最后一段中“It is easy to understand why Chinese is becoming so popular. (中文为何变得如此受欢迎，这不难理解。)”可知，文章主要讲述了全球学习中文的趋势和原因，因此最适合的标题是A选项“Global popularity of learning Chinese. (全球学习中文的流行)”。故选A。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高一上·广东汕头潮阳区·期末) Historic numbers of animals across the globe have become endangered or extinct. But, some of these species sit in limbo. They’re not conclusively extinct, yet they’re missing from the scientific record. Species are identified as “lost” when there hasn’t been a trace (痕迹) of them in 10 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Their populations are dropping in size, and that’s why they can’t be found. It means they are likely to be on the edge of extinction,” says Thomas Evans, a conservation scientist. There is a noticeable difference in which species are searched for and protected, as proved by a recent study co-led by Evans. The study indicates that “attractive” animals have better chances of being re-discovered. They tend to be large, cute or furry. This has allowed some “unattractive” lost species to disappear from human view when they might have been saved with measures such as habitat preservation. Historically, rodents (啮齿动物) have been one group of animals most affected by this difference. Biologist Tyrone Lavery spent 14 years studying a “lost” species: the Vangunu giant rat (老鼠), known to the people of the Vangunu Islands as “vika”. Lavery’s hard efforts paid off after he planted camera traps around the forest for six months and finally got photographic evidence (证据). Since his research came out, there haven’t been any official moves to protect the rat. In fact, before his work was published, the government had allowed more logging (伐木作业) around the vika’s habitat. But shortly after it was published, Lavery said, “All of a sudden, they’ve removed their machines, and pulled out. So officially, nothing’s happened. But it seems like there’s been a little bit of change.” While the vika could be on their way to getting vital protection, the same may not be true for all “unattractive” animals. People are often eager to go and look for large cats or other really “attractive” animals, and many people haven’t even heard of a vika. It is sad because all species on our planet are valuable. 1．What does the underlined part “sit in limbo” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．grow healthily. B．come to extinction. C．are in an uncertainty. D．stay under poor protection. 2．Which is a finding of the study co-led by Thomas Evans? A．Humans seem to love lovable animals more. B．The data about lost species is not reliable (可信的). C．Preservation efforts now are far from enough. D．Species became lost mostly due to human activities. 3．What was a result of Tyrone Lavery’s vika research? A．Rules were set to assist scientists. B．The vika received unofficial protection. C．The government didn’t allow cutting down trees. D．More logging was carried out around the vika’s habitat. 4．What message does the author want to deliver in the last paragraph? A．Appearance doesn’t matter. B．The more species, the better. C．Every species is worth protecting. D．Protecting the Earth takes everyone. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球一些物种濒临灭绝却未得到足够重视和保护的现状。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词后文“They’re not conclusively extinct, yet they’re missing from the scientific record.(它们并没有确凿地灭绝，但在科学记录中却消失了。)”可知，这些物种并没有确定已经灭绝，而是处于一种不确定的状态，即不知道它们是否还存在。因此，“sit in limbo”最可能的意思是“处于不确定状态”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study indicates that ‘attractive’ animals have better chances of being re-discovered.(研究表明，‘有吸引力’的动物有更大的机会被重新发现。)”可知，由Thomas Evans联合领导的研究发现人类似乎更喜欢可爱的动物。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But shortly after it was published, Lavery said, ‘All of a sudden, they’ve removed their machines, and pulled out. So officially, nothing’s happened. But it seems like there’s been a little bit of change’.(但在它发表后不久，Lavery说，‘突然之间，他们把机器搬走了，撤走了。所以官方来说，什么也没有发生。但似乎有了一点变化’。)”可知，Tyrone Lavery的研究发表后，政府虽然没有正式宣布保护vika，但实际上已经停止了在vika栖息地周围的伐木作业，这说明vika得到了非正式的保护。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is sad because all species on our planet are valuable.(这很可悲，因为我们星球上的所有物种都是有价值的。)”可知，作者在最后一段想要传达的信息是每个物种都值得保护。故选C。 主题04 人与社会——科技创新 (24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末) With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out the penguin groups in photos. Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 1．Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A．To collect the photos from tourists. B．To follow moving paths of penguins. C．To study the photos taken by tourists. D．To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2? A．Identify. B．Ignore. C．Explore. D．Revise. 3．What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A．Glacier sizes. B．Location marks. C．Climate changes. D．Penguin numbers. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．3D map helps locate penguin groups. B．Adélie penguins help develop AI tools. C．Penguins show signs of climate change. D．Researchers use AI to track penguin groups. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用人工智能工具分析游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅，并阐述了这种方法的优势、应用以及存在的争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica.(通过人工智能工具，研究人员研究了游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的南极企鹅)”可知，研究团队在他们的研究中使用人工智能工具是为了研究游客拍摄的照片。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image.(与人类相比，人工智能在这些照片中发现和标记企鹅的速度更快，每张照片只需要5到10秒)”可知，此处讲述人工智能处理照片的速度更快，能更快识别企鹅，推知get a handle on是“识别”之意，和identify意思相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years.(这种追踪很重要，因为它可以告诉我们气候的变化。这正是研究人员想知道的。同样，人工智能工具也可以使用历史照片来追踪自然迹象，比如冰川的变化，这些变化发展非常缓慢，可能只有经过多年观察才会很明显)”可知，研究人员想通过跟踪企鹅来了解气候的变化。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team.(通过人工智能工具，研究人员研究了游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的南极企鹅。“现在，每个人口袋里都有一台相机，我们可以收集的用于研究的照片数量将超出我们的预期，”来自一个国际研究团队的科学家托马斯·布朗（Thomas Brown）说)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述研究人员利用人工智能工具分析游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东茂名高州·期末) About 20 years ago, Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wanted to stop hunger and protect the world’s food supply. Fowler and Hawtin’s goal was to keep a supply of seeds (种子) safe if existing  seed banks were put at risk by war, climate change, or other dangers. They decided to build their storage building into the side of a mountain north of the Arctic Circle. Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard. The vault opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country in the world. The structure was built into the side of a mountain. It protects the seeds of over 6,000 kinds of agriculturally (农业上) important plants. Fowler and Hawtin were named the 2024 World Food Prize winners for their work. For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important. Hawtin said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional safe seed storage. Hawtin explained that climate change is changing insects and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been important ones.” Fowler and Hawtin said they hope to win the World Food Prize. It will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Managing them is not too exorbitant. However, the financial (财政的) support needs to continue forever. Norman Borlaug set up the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution”. That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry. 1．What is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault? A．A farm. B．A garden. C．A storehouse. D．A seed bank. 2．What can we know about Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin? A．They both come from Norway. B．They are concerned about future climate change. C．They will be recommended for the Nobel Peace Prize. D．They may fail to win the World Food Prize. 3．What does the underlined “exorbitant” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Costly. B．Worried. C．Satisfying. D．Simple. 4．Why does the author mention Norman Borlaug in the last paragraph? A．To stress the importance of agriculture. B．To introduce a Nobel Prize winner. C．To provide more background. D．To discuss the population problem. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是斯瓦尔巴全球种子库的建立及其对全球粮食安全的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard.(他们的想法成为了挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛上的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库)”可知，Svalbard Global Seed Vault是一个种子库。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important.(多年来，各国建立了种子银行来储存种子以备将来使用。但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱。这将使种子供应变得更加重要)”和第五段“Hawtin said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional safe seed storage. Hawtin explained that climate change is changing insects and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been important ones.”(霍廷说，过去农作物面临很多威胁，比如昆虫、疾病和政治动荡。他说，气候变化使这些问题变得更糟。因此，他和福勒认为需要额外的安全种子储存。霍廷解释说，气候变化正在改变昆虫和疾病。他补充说，“气候变化给一直很重要的问题带来了一大堆额外的问题。”)”可知，他们二人都很关注气候变化。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Fowler and Hawtin said they hope to win the World Food Prize. It will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world.(福勒和霍廷说，他们希望赢得世界粮食奖。这将帮助他们为世界各地的种子银行筹集更多资金)”以及下文“However, the financial (财政的) support needs to continue forever.(然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去)”可知，虽然管理这个种子库费用不高昂，但难的是这个财政支持必须一直持续下去。However表示前后形成转折关系。故划线词意思是“昂贵的”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Norman Borlaug set up the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution”. That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry.(诺曼·博洛格设立了世界粮食奖。1970年，他因参与所谓的“绿色革命”而获得诺贝尔和平奖。这是一项巨大的努力，目的是提高农作物的产量，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿)”可知，提到No man Borlaug主要为了介绍他设立的世界粮食奖，从而为读者提供更多的背景材料。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东大湾区·期末) The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes, getting an early warning is extremely important. The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%. So in the following years China has developed an automatic (自动的) early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response. There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain, water, and air rescues, as well as earthquake relief, and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life. Disaster relief requires the whole society to work together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first. 1．How does this text show the importance of early warning systems? A．By using quotes. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By making contrast. 2．Why has the government set up the specialized teams? A．To carry out disaster relief internationally. B．To help the rescue and recovery work. C．To train local people in disaster prevention. D．To handle forest fires more effectively. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The effects of follow-up disasters have been reduced. B．A lot of natural disasters have happened in the world. C．Disaster relief needs efforts across various departments. D．Different departments are responsible for building roads and railways. 4．What’s the main idea of this text? A．China has improved disaster response and recovery. B．China has developed an early warning system for earthquakes. C．China organized various departments for post-disaster recovery. D．China has created specialized departments to respond to earthquakes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%.(成都高科技减灾中心发现，三秒钟的预警可以将受伤人数减少14%；10秒警告，39%；20秒的警告，63%)”可知，本文通过列出数据来展示预警系统的重要性。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response.(2018年，中国政府还创建了应急管理部，联合民政部门、红十字会及国家消防救援局，确保全天候的应急响应)”以及第四段“Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control.(无论是地震、台风、洪水还是森林火灾，中国在灾后恢复方面都有着出色的记录，因为它能够组织电力、水利和供应、电信和疾病控制等各部门的资源)”可知，政府建立专业队伍是为了协助救援和恢复工作。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life.(为了减少后续灾害的影响，这些部门将尽其所能修复受损的公路和铁路，恢复电力、供水、通信和其他服务，帮助人们恢复正常生活)”可知，灾后救助需要多个部门的共同努力。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government.(2008年汶川地震造成数万人死亡，数十万人受伤，这一事件改变了中国在这一领域的一切。8.0级地震给该国带来了自1949年以来最困难的救援挑战，导致对该国应急响应能力的全面审查和改进。从那时起，预防和控制灾害就成为中国政府最关心的问题)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东18校联考·期末) If you’ve been learning English for a while, you may have noticed that native speakers often use idioms (习语) in conversations. But do you know how to learn idioms and why they are so important? This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. With this guide, you’ll understand what idioms are, why native speakers use them so much, and how to learn and use idioms in your own conversations. Idioms are a unique aspect of language that can sometimes be confusing for language learners. So, what exactly are idioms and why are they important? Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. They play an important role in understanding and communicating effectively. Learning idioms is important for several reasons. Firstly, idioms can help you sound more like a native speaker. Including idioms into your conversations will make your speech more natural and fluent. Secondly, idioms are a key part of cultural understanding. Many idioms are deeply rooted in a country’s culture, history, and by understanding and using idioms, you can learn more about the culture of the language you are learning. Lastly, idioms are often used in literature, movies, and songs, so having a good grasp of idiomatic expressions can improve your overall understanding and appreciation of English media. 1．What is the main purpose of this guide? A．To tell the history of English idioms. B．To give the reasons for using English idioms. C．To help learners effectively learn English idioms. D．To explain the historical origins of English idioms. 2．What does the text suggest about the use of idioms by native speakers? A．They avoid using idioms in daily conversations. B．They use idioms frequently without realizing it. C．They are aware of using idioms in every conversation. D．They often use idioms when teaching language learners. 3．What can we know about English idioms? A．They are short and easy to remember. B．They are often used in formal situations. C．They are confusing and difficult to learn. D．They can make conversations more interesting. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards learning idioms? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了英语习语在对话中的重要性、原因以及如何有效地学习习语。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. (本指南将教你如何有效地学习英语习语，这样你的对话听起来会更自然。)”可知，这篇指南的主要目的是帮助学习者有效地学习英语习语。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. (英语母语者一直在使用习语，甚至没有意识到这一点。)”可知，母语者在自己都没有意识到的情况下一直在使用习语；由此可知，文章表明母语人士经常在不知不觉中频繁使用习语。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. (习语是具有比喻意义的短语或表达，与所用单词的字面解释不同。它们是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式。)”可知，习语是为我们的对话增添幽默的一种方式；由此可知，英语习语可以使对话更有趣。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. (它们是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式。)”和最后一段关键句“Learning idioms is important for several reasons. (学习习语很重要，原因有几个。)”可知，作者认为习语是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式，并介绍了学习习语的原因，由此可知，作者对学习习语的态度是积极的、支持的。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东18校联考·期末) Timeless and meaningful friendships are central to the human experience, and we have been honoring these special relationships for thousands of years. One of the ways people have marked these bonds is by exchanging gifts. Here are the stories of the symbols and traditions that have honored friendships throughout history and around the world. In the 16th century, Dutch theologian Erasmus offered his friends paintings, books, and ancient coins, which became a kind of currency of friendship among early modern humanists. By the 18th and 19th centuries in Ireland, the Claddagh ring had gained attention as a symbol of both love and friendship: the heart on the ring represents (代表) love, while the clasped hands represent friendship. By the 18th century, friends were exchanging locks of hair, which degrades very slowly. Like friendship, so the belief went, hair seemed to be everlasting. George Washington even gifted his hair to some of his close friends, including fellow founding father Alexander Hamilton. Throughout the 19th century, friends exchanged friendship brooches (胸针). They sometimes featured ivy flowers, which Victorians associated with loyalty, and the phrase, “Nothing can separate me from you.” As one advertisement for friendship brooches said in 1913, the brooch’s circular shape was, “like friendship, endless”. By the end of the 20th century, a new friendship symbol and gift-giving practice took hold: friendship bracelets, which tend to be brightly colored and woven. No one knows exactly where friendship bracelets came from or how the tradition started, but they may have their roots in woven bracelets from Central America. All these show an idea that’s been around forever: It’s great to find someone who understands you in this big world, and it’s something worth celebrating. 1．What did Erasmus offer his friends in the 16th century? A．Ivy flowers and woven bracelets. B．Paintings, books, and ancient coins. C．Friendship bracelets and locks of hair. D．Claddagh rings and friendship brooches. 2．What can we know about the Claddagh ring in Ireland? A．It was only worn by men. B．It was expensive and hard to get. C．It was made of gold and diamonds. D．It represented both love and friendship. 3．What can be inferred about the tradition of exchanging locks of hair? A．It was a way to show long life. B．It was a practice limited to the 18th century. C．It was a common practice only among the wealthy. D．It was believed to symbolize everlasting friendship. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How celebrities make friends B．How people celebrate friendship C．The history of friendship symbols D．The importance of celebrating friendships 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长久且有意义的友谊在人类生活中至关重要，交换礼物是纪念友谊的方式之一。文章历数了不同时期世界各地纪念友谊的象征物与传统，包括 16世纪荷兰伊拉斯谟送的绘画、书籍和古币，18至19世纪爱尔兰的克拉达戒指，18世纪朋友间交换的一缕头发，19世纪的友谊胸针以及20世纪末的彩色编织友谊手链。这些都体现出在广阔世界中觅得知己的美好，这种情谊值得庆贺。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the 16th century, Dutch theologian Erasmus offered his friends paintings, books, and ancient coins, which became a kind of currency of friendship among early modern humanists.( 16世纪，荷兰神学家伊拉斯谟向他的朋友们赠送绘画、书籍和古钱币，这在早期现代人文主义者中成为一种友谊的货币。)”可知，在 16 世纪，荷兰神学家伊拉斯谟送给他的朋友们绘画、书籍和古币。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“By the 18th and 19th centuries in Ireland, the Claddagh ring had gained attention as a symbol of both love and friendship: the heart on the ring represents (代表) love, while the clasped hands represent friendship.( 到了18世纪和19世纪，在爱尔兰，克拉达戒指作为爱情和友谊的象征而受到关注：戒指上的心代表爱情，而紧握的双手代表友谊。)”可知，在爱尔兰，克拉达戒指代表着爱和友谊。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“By the 18th century, friends were exchanging locks of hair, which degrades very slowly. Like friendship, so the belief went, hair seemed to be everlasting. George Washington even gifted his hair to some of his close friends, including fellow founding father Alexander Hamilton.(到 18 世纪，朋友们开始交换一缕头发，头发降解的速度非常缓慢。就像友谊一样，人们的信念是这样的，头发似乎是永恒的。乔治·华盛顿甚至将他的头发送给了他的一些密友，包括同为开国元勋的亚历山大·汉密尔顿。 )”可推知，人们认为交换一缕头发象征着永恒的友谊，因为头发降解很慢，就像友谊一样似乎是永恒的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“One of the ways people have marked these bonds is by exchanging gifts. Here are the stories of the symbols and traditions that have honored friendships throughout history and around the world.(人们庆祝这些关系的方式之一是交换礼物。以下是历史上和世界各地尊重友谊的象征和传统的故事。)”可知，文章主要讲述了几个世纪以来，不同的物品和传统在不同时期成为了友谊的象征，如16世纪伊拉斯谟送的绘画、书籍和古币，18、19世纪爱尔兰的克拉达戒指，18世纪交换的一缕头发，19世纪的友谊胸针，20 世纪末的友谊手链等，所以文章主要不同历史时期象征友谊的物品和庆祝方式。由此可推知，C 选项“The history of friendship symbols(友谊象征物的历史)”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东·期末) American consumers are projected to spend roughly $960 billion this holiday season. But retailers (零售商) expect returns to account for almost 20 percent of those sales. That return wave arises mainly because people tend to make a lot of mistakes when giving presents, says Julian Givi, a marketing expert and psychologist who has been studying gifting practices. Giving good gifts may not seem like a research-worthy topic. But positive gift exchanges can help businesses struggling to deal with amounts of returns as well as improve social relationships. Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. By one estimate, in 2020, some 2.6 million tons of returned products in the United States wound up in a landfill. Most of these studies were also done in the U. S. and U. K. The studies centered on the cultural factor. For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. But what we find is that recipients(接受者)actually prefer emotional gifts more than what givers anticipate. But if in a culture where you are going to get laughed at for giving an emotional gift, then I would say you won’t give a similar gift. However, the limitation on this body of research work is that it’s focused on adults. It’s a lot easier to get approval to do research on people who are 18 and older. Gift givers tend to focus on that “aha” moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term functions. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important. However, recipients actually like things that they request better. It had been assumed that gift givers were simply motivated by a desire to please recipients. Actually, people often give gifts that satisfy their own desires rather than the desires of recipients. In other words, people would be a whole lot better at giving gifts if they could just get their sense of their own worth out of the way. Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration. 1．What does the author think is the most important significance of giving better gifts? A．Promoting products. B．Improving social relationships. C．Reducing environmental harm. D．Bettering communication skills. 2．How does the author explain the cultural factor of giving gifts? A．By listing data. B．By making comparisons. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 3．What does the underlined word “aha” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Annoying. B．Disappointing. C．Amazing. D．Moving. 4．What’s the advice for a better gift giver? A．Buying high quality items. B．Meeting gift givers’ desire. C．Sending multi-functional gifts. D．Stressing recipients’ preference. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了送礼行为的文化因素、消费者送礼时的常见误区以及如何提高送礼的质量，旨在为读者提供关于如何更好地选择礼物、避免常见错误以及理解送礼行为背后动机的实用信息和建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. By one estimate, in 2020, some 2.6 million tons of returned products in the United States wound up in a landfill.(最重要的是，送更好的礼物可以减轻环境压力。据估计，2020 年，美国约有 260 万吨退货产品最终被填埋。)”可知，送更好的礼物最重要的是能减轻环境压力，美国 2020 年有大量退货产品被填埋，这对环境不利，送更好礼物可减少这种情况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. But what we find is that recipients(接受者)actually prefer emotional gifts more than what givers anticipate. But if in a culture where you are going to get laughed at for giving an emotional gift, then I would say you won’t give a similar gift.(例如，我们常在节假日送礼物。但我们发现，与送礼者的预期相比，收礼者实际上更青睐饱含情感的礼物。但如果在一种文化中，送情感类礼物会遭人嘲笑，那么我想你就不会送类似的礼物。)”可知，作者通过举例，先说在节假日送礼这个常见情况，又说在某些文化中送情感类礼物会被嘲笑所以可能不会送这类礼物，来解释送礼的文化因素。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Gift givers tend to focus on that “aha” moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term functions. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important.(送礼者往往关注打开礼物时系着丝带和蝴蝶结被解开的那个……瞬间。而收礼者更关注礼物的长期实用性。研究表明，人们在惊喜的重要程度上存在认知偏差。)”可推测，送礼者关注打开礼物丝带和蝴蝶结解开的那一刻，结合常识，这个时刻通常是充满惊喜的。选项C“amazing”，意为“令人惊奇的”，能够体现打开礼物瞬间那种惊喜的感觉，符合语境。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration.(因此，一个更出色的送礼者应该考虑收礼者真正想要的东西。)”可知，一个更会送礼的人应该考虑接受者真正想要什么，即强调接受者的偏好。故选D。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东潮州·期末) If English means endless new words. difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. Like exercise shapes and strengthens muscles, learning a language can have a similar effect on your brain. The study also found the effect is greater, if the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that gray matter density (灰质密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and cognition (认知) were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you can enter another world,” explained the scientists. 1．Why is “exercise” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To encourage a regular fitness practice. B．To suggest improvement to physical fitness. C．To show the importance of using the language. D．To explain the effect of language learning on the brain. 2．What did the study led by Dr Andrea Mechelli show? A．Learning a second language increases gray matter density. B．Language learning leads to lower gray matter density in the brain. C．Later language learning has a bigger influence on brain structure. D．Learning a second language has no effect on the structure of the brain. 3．What can we learn from the study of Indian speakers? A．Learning a second language is only helpful during childhood. B．Native Italian speakers learning English were similarly studied. C．Bilinguals are more successful than people speaking only one language. D．Learning a second language brings greater advantages if started young. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．Language Learning Increases IQ B．Bilingual Helps Learning Mathematics C．Learning a Second Language Improves Brain Power D．Language Learning Unlocks the Door to A New World 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言对大脑有益的研究发现。学习第二语言可以增加大脑灰质密度，提高脑力，且越早学习效果越好。双语能力还能使大脑更灵活，增强认知能力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. Like exercise shapes and strengthens muscles, learning a language can have a similar effect on your brain. (根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质。这是大脑中处理信息的区域。就像锻炼可以塑造和增强肌肉一样，学习一门语言对你的大脑也有类似的影响)”可知，锻炼能强身健体，学习第二语言能提升脑力。由此推知，作者提及“锻炼”是强调二者之间相似的影响，突出学习语言对脑力的作用。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scans showed that gray matter density (灰质密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.(扫描显示，双语者大脑的灰质密度高于没有学习第二语言的人)”可知，由Dr Andrea Mechelli领导的研究表明学习第二语言会增加大脑的灰质密度。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and cognition (认知) were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.(这一发现在一项关于2至34岁之间学习英语作为第二语言的意大利母语者的研究中得到了验证。阅读、写作和认知能力都进行了测试。结果表明，他们开始学习时的年龄越小，效果越好)”可知，如果从小开始学习第二语言，会带来更大的优势，开始学习时的年龄越小，效果越好。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了了学习第二语言对大脑有益的研究发现，学习第二语言可以增加大脑灰质密度，提高脑力，且越早学习效果越好。由此可知，C选项“Learning a Second Language Improves Brain Power(学习第二语言可以改善脑力)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——科技创新 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东清远·期末) Deep neural (神经的) networks are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) designed to copy how the human brain processes information. However, understanding how these networks make decisions has long been a difficult challenge. Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. Their findings aim to reinforce AI accuracy and safety. Similar to how humans solve confusing problems step by step, deep neural networks process information through different layers. The first layer, called the input layer, collects data. The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. Deeper layers combine these characters to recognize more difficult patterns, such as telling between a cat and a dog, much like similar pieces to form a complete image “However, these hidden layers are like a locked black box: we see the input and output, but what is happening inside is not clear,” says Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, an associate Professor. “This becomes a serious problem when AI makes mistakes. Understanding how it comes to its decision is key to ensuring it’s worth trusting.” In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. The k * distribution method helps researchers, and even lawmakers, assess (评估) how AI organizes and classifies information. This not only supports the legal processes needed to safely apply AI to daily life but also offers valuable insights into how AI “thinks”. 1．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean in paragraph 1? A．Explore. B．Strengthen. C．Arrange. D．Remove. 2．What’s the function of hidden layers? A．Tell different images. B．Solve hard problems. C．Deliver right information D．Conduct analysis on data 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The k * distribution method’s advantages. B．The k * distribution method’s applied fields C．The k * distribution method’s value in science. D．The k * distribution method’s working principle. 4．In which section of a newspaper will this text appear? A．Technology. B．Nature. C．Society. D．Literature. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究人员开发新方法帮助理解深度神经网络运作。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. (Kyushu University的研究人员开发了一种新方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据)”及“AI accuracy and safety (人工智能的准确性和安全性)”可知，他们的发现加强人工智能的准确性和安全性，“reinforce”与选项B含义相近，意为“加强”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. (下一层，被称为隐藏层，分阶段分析数据)”可知，隐藏层是分阶段分析数据的。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. (在这项研究中，研究人员开发了一种新的方法，称为k*分布方法。该模型通过为每个输入的数据点分配一个“k*值”来工作，该值表示到最近的不相关数据点的距离。高k*值意味着数据点分离良好(例如，猫远离任何狗)，而低k*值表明潜在的重叠(例如，狗比其他猫更接近猫)。当查看类(例如cat)中的所有数据点时，该方法生成k*值的分布，该分布提供了数据组织方式的详细图像)”可知，该段主要介绍了k*分布方法的工作原理。故选D。 4．逻辑推理题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. (Kyushu University的研究人员开发了一种新方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据)”可知，本文主要讲述了九州大学的研究人员开发了一种新的方法来更好地理解深度神经网络如何解释和组织数据，主要围绕人工智能技术展开，所以这篇文章应该出现在报纸的科技板块。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东茂名高州·期末) The current US traffic signal (信号) system has been in place for more than 100 years. But experts are now studying ways to connect technology-equipped vehicles (交通工具) with signal systems in order to improve safety and traffic flows. Most US traffic signals currently include three lights to direct drivers at crossroads: red, yellow and green. But it might make sense to add a fourth colour, possibly white. This colour could inform motorists when there is a large collection of self-driving vehicles in a particular area. When many self-driving vehicles are present, the additional light would signal other drivers to follow the lead of those vehicles. The North Carolina State team thought that such changes are likely years away. One reason for this is because this kind of system would require between 40 to 50 percent of all vehicles on the road to be self-driving. Waymo is a self-driving vehicle company owned by Google’s parent, Alphabet. Waymo had already started ride-sharing services that use full self-driving vehicles in Los Angeles, California and Austin, Texas. Those services do not use a fourth traffic light. However, officials and companies should think very carefully before deciding on, and moving forward with, major infrastructure (基础设施) changes. Researchers at the University of Michigan are also testing different methods. They have carried out a test programme in an area outside the city of Detroit. Their research collects data on the speed and location of General Motors (GM) vehicles in the area. The data has been used to change the timing of city traffic lights in an effort to improve traffic flows. The area near Detroit where the testing is taking place has 34 traffic signals. It was chosen because lights in the area are set to change at the same times each day. This is the case for more than half of traffic signals nationwide. These signals are not connected to cameras or sensors to watch traffic flows in real time. Danielle Deneau is the director of traffic safety in Michigan. She said results of the University of Michigan research changed the timing of green lights only by a few seconds. However, Deneau added, even that was enough to improve traffic flows. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．The white signal mainly directs dangerous traffic. B．Self-driving vehicles are not yet popular in the US. C．The white signal will change the basic traffic rules. D．The signal system in the US now has four colours. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards major infrastructure changes? A．Supportive. B．Concerned. C．Unclear. D．Careful. 3．What is the method being tried by the University of Michigan? A．To add more signal colours. B．To change the green signal time. C．To get more traffic information. D．To connect more cameras or sensors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Past and Future of Traffic Signal in the US B．Reasons for Changes in Self-driving Vehicles C．Researchers: Smarter Vehicles Could Greatly Change Traffic Signals D．American Traffic Signal: One of the Most Effective Management Strategies 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管美国交通信号系统已经存在了100多年，但是专家们现在正在研究如何将配备科技的车辆与信号系统连接起来，以提高安全性和交通流量。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“When many self-driving vehicles are present, the additional light would signal other drivers to follow the lead of those vehicles. The North Carolina State team thought that such changes are likely years away. One reason for this is because this kind of system would require between 40 to 50 percent of all vehicles on the road to be self-driving.(当有很多自动驾驶汽车出现时，额外的信号灯会向其他司机发出信号，让他们跟着这些汽车走。北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究小组认为，这种变化可能还需要几年的时间。其中一个原因是，这种系统需要道路上所有车辆的40%到50%是自动驾驶的)”可知，额外的信号灯这种变化还需要几年，因为需要道路上有40%到50%的车辆是自动驾驶。由此推知，目前自动驾驶汽车在美国还没有普及。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, officials and companies should think very carefully before deciding on, and moving forward with, major infrastructure (基础设施) changes.(然而，在决定和推进重大基础设施改革之前，官员和企业应该仔细考虑)”可知，作者对于重大基础设施改革持有仔细的、谨慎的态度。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The data has been used to change the timing of city traffic lights in an effort to improve traffic flows.(这些数据已被用于改变城市交通灯的时间，以改善交通流量)”和“She said results of the University of Michigan research changed the timing of green lights only by a few seconds.(她说，密歇根大学的研究结果只改变了绿灯的时间几秒钟)”可知，改变绿信号灯的时间是密歇根大学正在尝试的方法。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But experts are now studying ways to connect technology-equipped vehicles (交通工具) with signal systems in order to improve safety and traffic flows.(但是专家们现在正在研究如何将配备科技的车辆与信号系统连接起来，以改善安全性和交通流量)”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了研究者们正在研究将配备科技的智能车辆与交通信号系统连接起来，从而改变交通信号，提升其安全性和交通流量。故C项“研究人员：更智能的车辆可以极大地改变交通信号”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C   Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙岗区·期末) Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists, with their underwater sound — “click... click... click” — remaining largely unexplained. However, thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence (AI), researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals. The program is called the Whale Translation Project (WTP), whose meaning is to know what whales are saying. Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve. Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation (保护) efforts. For example, the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws. The WTP started when Gruber, a biologist at Harvard University, turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds. They thought of applying machine learning, used for improving human language translations, to whales. The sound of click, similar to a binary code (二进制), is easy for AI to analyze. Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second. Now, with the help of AI, Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes. This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds. Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context, like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food, and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily. He can also discover how whales interact, getting 99% right in predicting (预测) the next click. This kind of work isn't limited to whales. Suresh Neethirajan, a computer science and agriculture professor, studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors. He collects data, such as body temperature, paired with recorded sounds and videos,to understand whether animals are comfortable or not. With AI, he can recognise sick animals quickly, improving their well-being. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the discovery in the 1960s? A．To show the success of protecting the environment. B．To explain the difficulty of saving humpback whales. C．To stress the value of studying animal communication. D．To introduce the challenge of understanding whale language. 2．How can AI help according to paragraph 4? A．It records whale sound quickly. B．It processes sound data effectively. C．It reads musical notes correctly. D．It promotes whale interactions directly. 3．What can we learn about AI according to the last paragraph? A．It cures diseases of animals. B．It improves farmers' well-being. C．It aims to change animal behavior. D．It helps to understand animals' needs. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Scientists develop machine learning. B．Scientists discover a new whale sound. C．AI creates a unique type of musical note. D．AI unlocks the secrets of animal language. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了鲸鱼的神秘性以及科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For example, the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws.(例如，20世纪60年代座头鲸互相唱歌的发现导致了成功的保护活动和法律)”可知，提到20世纪60年代的发现的目的是为了强调研究动物交流的价值。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Now, with the help of AI, Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes. This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds.(现在，在人工智能的帮助下，格鲁伯可以迅速将数千条鲸鱼的声音从数小时的录音中转化为一种看起来像音符的新型图片。这种方法有助于发现声音中的细微差别)”可知，人工智能可以有效地处理声音数据。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He collects data, such as body temperature, paired with recorded sounds and videos, to understand whether animals are comfortable or not. With AI, he can recognise sick animals quickly, improving their well-being.(他收集体温等数据，并将其与录制的声音和视频相结合，以了解动物是否感到舒适。有了人工智能，他可以快速识别生病的动物，改善它们的健康状况)”可知，根据最后一段，关于人工智能我们可以了解到的是它有助于理解动物的需求。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists, with their underwater sound—“click... click... click” — remaining largely unexplained. However, thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence (AI), researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals.(长期以来，鲸鱼的交流一直是科学家们的一个难题，它们在水下发出的声音——“咔嚓……咔嚓……咔嚓”——基本上没有解释。然而，由于人工智能（AI）的惊人能力，一个项目的研究人员可以解读这些神奇的海洋动物的声音)”可知，本文主要介绍了鲸鱼的神秘性以及科学家如何利用人工智能技术来解读鲸鱼的声音，所以本文的主旨是人工智能揭开了动物语言的秘密。故选D项。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东梅州·期末) No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partly exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期), where you can perform really well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 1．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Selling new products. D．Making decisions. 2．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing Al in life is effortless. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to get over people’s fears on AI? B．How to explore human emotions AI affects? C．How to exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces? D．How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的发展对工作的影响，以及人们应如何适应这一变化以保持在职场中的相关性。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.(Joc Apfelbaum在他的课程中教授如何使用人工智能，他说，最危险的工作是那些使用人工智能可以更快、更便宜地完成的过程，比如制造产品或申报税款)”可知，申报税款这类工作最有可能受到人工智能的影响。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.(Joc Apfelbaum在他的课程中教授如何使用人工智能，他说，最危险的工作是那些使用人工智能可以更快、更便宜地完成的过程，比如制造产品或申报税款)”可知，Apfelbaum认为最受影响的是那些可以被人工智能更快更便宜地完成的工作，但并没有说人工智能会完全取代所有工作；根据第四段中“Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. ‘We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.’(创始人兼教育家Shannan Monson表示，前景并没有那么糟糕。“洗碗机发明后，我们并没有停止洗碗。我们只是洗得更快、更容易，而且省力。”)”可知，Monson认为前景并没有那么糟糕，人工智能不会完全代替人类工作。由此可推知，Apfelbaum和Monson都认为我们不必过分高估人工智能的影响。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和划线词所在句“As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage.(随着人工智能的发展，它的应用可能不像我们想象的那么快。但那些迅速精通它的人更有优势)”可知，指示代词it指代的是前文提到的“its application”，即“人工智能的应用”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant?(无论你对此有何感想。人工智能已经来了。那么，哪些类型的工作最危险?保持与时俱进的最佳方式是什么?)”和最后一段“Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. ‘Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader’ Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.(专家们一致认为，显然，人类的技能将仍然是最有价值的。人类在这方面具有独特的资格，人与人之间的工作将是最难取代的。Monson说：“专注于培养你作为团队成员和团队领导的技能。”Apfelbaum认为，这不仅仅是重新技能的问题，而是人们需要克服恐惧，接受真实的自己，这样他们才能展现出所有的创造力，因为人工智能没有激情和真正的人类创造力)”可知，文章主要讲述了在人工智能时代，人们应如何保持在职场中与时俱进。故D项“How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI?(在人工智能时代，如何在工作中与时俱进？)”是文章内容的概括，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 5 (24-25高一上·广东茂名电白区·期末) Climate change is speeding up the frequency and seriousness of extreme(极端的) weather events in places like the Horn of Africa, where deadly floods and the worst drought hit in decades. Besides, traditional weather forecast(预报) models in sub- Saharan Africa often aren’t dependable enough to forecast extreme weather events accurately(准确地) ahead of time, leaving the areas at risk. Based on the facts, accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods. Climate scientists are building artificial intelligence (AI) into the traditional weather forecasting method in East Africa to improve the accuracy of extreme weather forecasts. By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first- of- its- kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts.“ We start from the traditional forecasts and add the AI model over it to make up for what the traditional forecasts have missed, so that the final forecast results can more accurately match the data that has actually been observed,” explains Shruti Nath, a climate scientist and researcher at the University of Oxford Department of Physics. According to Shruti Nath, this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers, gives local meteorological (气象的) organizations an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts in an area where there is a shortage of accurate observational data. The researchers say the project could change early warning systems in East Africa, making the area get better prepared for the extreme weather caused by climate change. Traditionally, many forecasting organizations in Africa did not have good computational resources. The project is supported by an IT company, which provides funding and computational resources. This approach gives them the ability to use AI to make forecasting at the least computational expense. The model is currently being rolled out in Kenya and Ethiopia. If successful in East Africa, researchers hope to use it in other parts of the world facing similar challenges. More countries are trying to spread the technology as well as build local ownership and trust. 1．What does the author want to stress in the first paragraph? A．The necessity of using the new weather forecast model. B．The great climate changes caused by human activities. C．The seriousness of the flood and drought in Africa. D．Little progress has been made in weather forecasts. 2．How does the new weather forecast model work? A．It needs much less observational data. B．It uses supercomputers to process data. C．It combines AI with the traditional method. D．It depends on AI instead of the former way. 3．What can we say about the new weather forecast model? A．It runs easily. B．It is low- cost. C．It doesn’t work as wished. D．It is geographically limited. 4．What can be the most suitable title for the text? A．Climate Change and Its Effects on Africa B．Uncertainty of Weather Forecast with AI C．AI Helping Improve Weather Forecast in Sub- Saharan Africa D．The Challenges Faced by Traditional Weather Forecast Model 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于气候变化导致非洲之角等地极端天气事件增加，而撒哈拉以南非洲传统天气预报模型不够准确，在此背景下，气候科学家将人工智能融入传统天气预报方法中，开发出一种新的建模方法来提高极端天气的预报准确性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Climate change is speeding up the frequency and seriousness of extreme (极端的) weather events in places like the Horn of Africa, where deadly floods and the worst drought hit in decades. Besides, traditional weather forecast (预报) models in sub- Saharan Africa often aren’t dependable enough to forecast extreme weather events accurately (准确地) ahead of time, leaving the areas at risk. Based on the facts, accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods. (气候变化正在加快非洲之角等地极端天气事件的频率和严重程度，致命的洪水和几十年来最严重的干旱袭击了这些地区。此外，撒哈拉以南非洲的传统天气预报模型往往不够可靠，无法提前准确预测极端天气事件，使这些地区面临风险。基于这些事实，准确及时的预报对于保护生命和生计至关重要。)”可知，作者在第一段想强调使用新天气预报模型的必要性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first- of- its- kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts. (通过同时使用传统预报中的物理大气过程和人工智能，研究人员开发了一种首创的新建模方法，以提供更准确的降雨预报。)”可知，新的天气预报模型将人工智能与传统方法相结合。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to Shruti Nath, this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers, gives local meteorological (气象的) organizations an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts in an area where there is a shortage of accurate observational data. (根据Shruti Nath的说法，这种模型只需要一台笔记本电脑即可运行，而不需要昂贵的超级计算机，为当地气象组织提供了一种经济实惠的方式，可以在缺乏准确观测数据的地区做出更准确的预测。)”可知，新的天气预报模型成本低。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Climate scientists are building artificial intelligence (AI) into the traditional weather forecasting method in East Africa to improve the accuracy of extreme weather forecasts. (气候科学家正在将人工智能构建到东非的传统天气预报方法中，以提高极端天气预报的准确性。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在撒哈拉以南非洲，气候科学家将人工智能融入传统天气预报方法中，以提高极端天气预报的准确性，C项“AI Helping Improve Weather Forecast in Sub- Saharan Africa (人工智能帮助改善撒哈拉以南非洲的天气预报)”最能概括全文。故选C项。 主题04 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东广州越秀区·调研) The dodo is one of the most famous birds ever to have lived and also one of the most mysterious. Considered the first animal to die out due to human actions, it has been described as awkward and unintelligent. A new study is challenging this image, however. The dodo, a flightless bird with a large. hooked beak (鸟喙), lived on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. Adult dodos were up to about 3 feet tall and weighed up to 51 pounds, making them larger than a modern turkey. They likely ate fruits, nuts, and seeds from the forest floor and swallowed stones to break up food in their bodies, which some modern birds do as well Few dodo fossils or samples of soft tissue (组织) have been found, which means scientists haven’t been able to learn much else about them. To address that, a research team looked through 400 years of writing and scientific gatherings on the dodo. They concluded that the animal was probably not such an awkward bird after all. Written descriptions of live dodos suggested that the birds actually moved quickly. The team also re-examined dodo fossils and remains and concluded that the bird had powerful tendons (肌腱) in its toes-just similar to modern birds that climb and run. This provided further evidence that the dodo was an active, speedy bird. “The birds were fast and, before being wiped out, had been doing their thing and doing it incredibly well for millions of years,” said Neil Gostling, an author of the recent study. Scientists think dodos went extinct in the 1600s when Dutch sailors in Mauritius began hunting them. Dodos didn’t have predators on the island before that, so they weren’t afraid of humans and were easy to catch. This contributed to the idea that the birds were slow and not smart. However, scientists also know that sailors brought cats, dogs, pigs, and rats, which ate dodos’ chicks and damaged their habitat, helping to kill them off. The research team’s work is just the beginning of a larger project aimed at finding out more about the ancient creature. “The mystery of the dodo bird is about to be cracked wide open,” said Markus Heler, another author of the study. 1．What was the traditional view of the dodo? A．It was a large and skilled flyer. B．It was a clever and adaptable bird. C．It moved slowly and appeared dull. D．It shared habits with some modern Lirds. 2．How did the researchers gain more knowledge about the dodo? A．By studying a copy of dodo fossils and relics. B．By analyzing the creature’s genetic structure. C．By looking through old records and collections. D．By watching behaviors of similar modern species. 3．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 5? A．Friends. B．Hunters. C．Neighbors. D．Competitors. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The expert regarded the study as a fruitless attempt. B．Few projects are being done on the bird’s extinction. C．The research team has cracked the secret of the bird. D．Gaps in knowledge about this creature are noticeable. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了渡渡鸟是有史以来最著名的鸟之一，也是最神秘的鸟之一。渡渡鸟曾被人们认为是笨拙且不聪明的。但是，一项新的研究表明渡渡鸟是活跃且移动迅速的。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Considered the first animal to die out due to human actions, it has been described as awkward and unintelligent. (被认为是由于人类行为而灭绝的第一种动物，它被描述为笨拙和愚蠢。)”可知，传统的观点认为渡渡鸟是移动缓慢且看起来愚笨的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To address that, a research team looked through 400 years of writing and scientific gatherings on the dodo.(为了解决这个问题，一个研究团队查阅了400年来关于渡渡鸟的文献和科学会议。)”可知，研究人员通过查看旧记录和收藏来获得有关渡渡鸟的更多知识，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Dodos didn’t have predators on the island before that, so they weren’t afraid of humans and were easy to catch.(在此之前，渡渡鸟在岛上没有predators，因此它们不惧怕人类，而且很容易捕捉。)”可知，渡渡鸟不怕人类，是因为岛上没有捕猎者，所以它们见到人类的时候不惧怕人类，划线单词意为“捕猎者”，与B项“Hunters.(捕猎者)”意思一样，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The research team’s work is just the beginning of a larger project aimed at finding out more about the ancient creature.(研究小组的工作只是一个旨在了解古代生物的更大项目的开始。”)”可知，研究小组的工作只是研究渡渡鸟的开始，由此可推知，如今，人类对渡渡鸟灭绝的研究较少，故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东汕头潮南区·期末) Koalas live in the eucalyptus (桉树) forests of southeastern and eastern Australia. They depend on the eucalyptus tree for both habitat and food. In fact,they seldom leave these trees. When not sleeping, they’ re usually eating. They can eat more than a pound of eucalyptus leaves a day. Eucalyptus is poisonous, so the koala’ s digestive (消化的) system has to work hard to digest it, breaking down the poisons and taking in the limited nutrients (营养). That’s why koalas sleep for 18 to 22 hours a day — they get very little energy from their diet. Koala numbers decreased in the late 19th and early 20th century from hunting for their fur. Now they face serious threats from habitat loss. Land clearing and bush fires — especially the 2019-2020 Australia Bushfire Season — have destroyed much of the forest they live in. Koalas are easy to be affected by climate change. Increasing greenhouse gas in the air is decreasing the nutritional quality of eucalyptus leaves and causing longer, more serious droughts and wildfires. To deal with drought, koalas are forced to stop sleeping and come down from the trees to find water, putting them at a higher risk of being killed. Koalas have been identified by the Australian government as one of the 113 animals requiring immediate help. Ensuring there’s the right kind of forest for them to return to is extremely important. State governments should create new koala reserves and persuade landowners not to cut down eucalyptus trees. Meanwhile, getting the public to understand koalas’ living habits and their health will throw light on koala biology, which helps to develop plans to better protect the species. 1．What can we learn about koalas? A．They like moving around very much. B．They often get ill for eucalyptus leaves. C．They can be seen everywhere in Australia. D．They have developed smart survival skills. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The possible threats to Koalas. B．Koalas’ newly-formed habits. C．Koalas’ decreasing population. D．The outcomes of greenhouse gas. 3．What is the most important thing to do right now to protect koalas? A．Conduct the research on their living habits. B．Realize they’re sensitive to climate change. C．Reserve the proper habitat they are living on. D．Raise the public awareness of protecting them. 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A travel brochure. B．A cartoon book. C．A nature magazine. D．A sports newspaper. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了考拉这种动物和考拉面对的生存危机，并提出了保护措施。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When not sleeping, they’ re usually eating. They can eat more than a pound of eucalyptus leaves a day. Eucalyptus is poisonous, so the koala’ s digestive (消化的) system has to work hard to digest it, breaking down the poisons and taking in the limited nutrients (营养). That’s why koalas sleep for 18 to 22 hours a day — they get very little energy from their diet.(当它们不睡觉的时候，它们通常在吃东西。它们一天能吃掉一磅多的桉树叶。桉树是有毒的，所以考拉的消化系统必须努力工作来消化它，分解毒素并吸收有限的营养。这就是为什么考拉每天要睡18到22个小时——它们从饮食中获得的能量很少)”可知，考拉已经发展出了聪明的生存技能来应对消化道和饮食挑战。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Koala numbers decreased in the late 19th and early 20th century from hunting for their fur. Now they face serious threats from habitat loss. Land clearing and bush fires — especially the 2019-2020 Australia Bushfire Season — have destroyed much of the forest they live in. Koalas are easy to be affected by climate change. Increasing greenhouse gas in the air is decreasing the nutritional quality of eucalyptus leaves and causing longer, more serious droughts and wildfires. To deal with drought, koalas are forced to stop sleeping and come down from the trees to find water, putting them at a higher risk of being killed.(在19世纪末和20世纪初，由于猎取考拉的皮毛，考拉的数量减少了。现在它们面临着栖息地丧失的严重威胁。土地清理和丛林大火——尤其是2019-2020年澳大利亚丛林大火季节——摧毁了它们居住的大部分森林。考拉很容易受到气候变化的影响。空气中温室气体的增加正在降低桉树叶子的营养质量，并导致更长时间、更严重的干旱和野火。为了应对干旱，考拉被迫停止睡眠，从树上下来找水，这使它们面临更高的被杀风险)”可知，第二段主要是讲考拉面对的潜在威胁。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ensuring there’s the right kind of forest for them to return to is extremely important.(确保有合适的森林供它们返回是非常重要的)”可知，现在保护考拉最重要的事情是保护它们赖以生存的栖息地。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Koalas live in the eucalyptus (桉树) forests of southeastern and eastern Australia. They depend on the eucalyptus tree for both habitat and food.(考拉生活在澳大利亚东南部和东部的桉树林中。它们依靠桉树作为栖息地和食物)”；最后一段“Koalas have been identified by the Australian government as one of the 113 animals requiring immediate help.(考拉已被澳大利亚政府确定为113种需要紧急救助的动物之一)”以及文章介绍了考拉和考拉面对的生存危机，并提出了保护措施，推测文章来自一本自然杂志。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东·期末) It’s a pleasant summer morning. Trees stand in the breeze. Insects fly among the branches. Everything seems calm and peaceful. But don’t be fooled. These trees are actually under attack due to hungry insects. The trees can’t hide or run away, but they have ways to fight back and even aid each other. As soon as a leaf is chewed (咀嚼), the tree organizes defenses first. It then quickly messages its neighbors and even calls on other insects for help. All of this happens in ways we don’t see. But scientists are learning that plants can do many things we associate with thinking. Could these abilities mean plants are intelligent? Researchers are working to get to the root of what’s going on when plants act in ways we once thought only animals could. In the 1980s, botanists first found signs that plants communicate with each other. In one early experiment, hurt trees seemed to warn their neighbors of danger. Some people described this as plants “talking” to each other. Since then, scientists have shown this communication can be fairly complex (复杂的). Plants respond better to messages from close relatives than to unrelated ones. It’s something Rick Karban has shown. He studies how plants and insects interact. Work by his group shows plants can tell one attacker from another. They send different signals depending on what type of insect is attacking. Plants can even use more than one “language”. A team in Tel Aviv, Israel, recorded clicks and pops made by plants under stress. The sounds varied across plant species and type of stress, such as drought and being cut. Although roughly as loud as human speech, they’re too high for people to hear. Other animals, however, such as bats, mice and insects, might be able to hear them, the researchers note. There’s a lot of evidence that plants respond to sounds. Other work suggests that plants can learn and even remember. One famous study used a plant called Mimosa pudica. When the researchers shook the plants, they curled their leaves right away. But when dropped again, they didn’t curl them. Researchers concluded that the plant had known that the drop wasn’t going to hurt them. 1．What’s the first response of the attacked tree? A．Fighting back. B．Seeking help. C．Hiding its leaves. D．Messaging other trees. 2．What did Rick Karban’s team find? A．Trees warn their neighbors of danger. B．Trees avoid talking to distant relatives. C．Trees can use more than one language. D．Trees can make out different attackers. 3．Why is Mimosa pudica mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove plants’ ability to learn. B．To tell us plants suffer from stress. C．To show plants can produce loud sounds. D．To explain plants react to various attackers. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Can Plants Talk? B．Are Plants Intelligent? C．Can Plants Attack Insects? D．Are Insects Harmful to Plants? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过科学家们不同的研究介绍植物是聪明的。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“As soon as a leaf is chewed (咀嚼), the tree organizes defenses first.(一旦叶子被咀嚼，树木就会首先组织防御)”可知，受到攻击的树木的第一反应是进行反击。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Work by his group shows plants can tell one attacker from another. They send different signals depending on what type of insect is attacking.(他的团队的研究表明，植物能够区分不同的攻击者。它们会根据攻击它们的昆虫类型发送不同的信号)”可知，Rick Karban的团队发现树木能够分辨出不同的攻击者。因此，选项D“Trees can make out different attackers.(树木能够分辨出不同的攻击者)”符合题意。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Researchers concluded that the plant had known that the drop wasn’t going to hurt them.(研究人员得出结论，这种植物已经知道这种掉落不会伤害它们)”可知，提到含羞草是为了证明植物有学习的能力。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“Could these abilities mean plants are intelligent?(这些能力是否意味着植物具有智力？)”以及通读全文，本文主要讲述了植物之间能够进行复杂沟通的现象，包括它们能够向邻近植物发送警告信息、区分不同的攻击者以及使用多种“语言”进行沟通。B选项“Are Plants Intelligent?( 植物有智力吗？)”符合文章标题。故选B。 主题05 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙华区·期末) Nowadays, using entertainment to feel better, relax, and escape from stress is common, and holiday movies are a popular choice for this purpose. Many media companies have noticed this trend and are creating more holiday “feel-good” movies. Why? Holiday movies make us happy. Psychologists explain happiness in two ways: Hedonic happiness is what we get from feelings of pleasure and enjoyment. It tends to be more transitory, like eating chocolate. Eudaimonic happiness, however, comes from experiences that create a sense of meaning and purpose and tends to be with us longer. Holiday movies can give us both kinds of happiness. They make us feel good with humor, love stories, beautiful settings, likable actors, and happy endings. And they also remind us of important things like hope, love, and being connected to others, which adds deeper sense of meaning. Although holiday movies are well-known for being predictable or simple, that’s part of what makes them comforting. They are guilty pleasures that make us feel good — we don’t expect critical praise. We just want to make sure that the world will be put right. The characters face challenges. A disappointed hero struggles, makes great efforts, and finally achieves not just happiness but the true meaning of the holiday spirit through love or family support. The predictability also provides comfort. No matter how unbelievable or simple it is, the plot touches real emotions. The predictability means we also enjoy re-watching favorite holiday movies, because the familiarity feels good and safe, knowing everything will end well and feeling connected to “home” on holidays. These movies can refresh memories and shared experiences that make the holidays more meaningful. So, if you feel guilty about liking holiday movies next time, don’t be! They combine happy and emotional moments, which are good for both your mind and body. They help us laugh, feel empathy, and enjoy the holiday spirit. 1．What does the underlined word “transitory” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Short and quick. B．Real and deep. C．Thrilling and artistic. D．Emotional and strong. 2．Why does the author call holiday movies “guilty pleasures”? A．They show fake happiness. B．They avoid real problems. C．They are only about feelings. D．They are simple but enjoyable. 3．How does the familiarity of holiday movies affect viewers? A．It creates unrealistic holiday expectations. B．It helps to connect with shared memories. C．It encourages viewers to focus on meaning. D．It makes the predictable plots less attractive. 4．What does the author think of holiday movies? A．They rely on predictable plots. B．They lack creativity and depth. C．They focus on perfect holiday stories. D．They provide comfort and emotional value. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是节日电影通过提供短暂与持久的幸福感，以娱乐、放松和逃避压力的方式，满足观众的情感需求，并探讨其带来的心理慰藉和意义。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Psychologists explain happiness in two ways: Hedonic happiness is what we get from feelings of pleasure and enjoyment.(心理学家从两个方面解释幸福：享乐型幸福是指我们从愉悦和享受的感觉中所获得的满足)”可知，享乐型幸福是从愉悦和享受的感觉中所获得的满足，结合划线单词后的“like eating chocolate.(就像吃巧克力)”可知，这里用吃巧克力来比喻享乐型幸福，而吃巧克力带来的幸福是短暂而又快速的，由此可推断，划线单词的意思应与“短暂而又快速”意义相近。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Although holiday movies are well-known for being predictable or simple, that’s part of what makes them comforting. They are guilty pleasures that make us feel good — we don’t expect critical praise. We just want to make sure that the world will be put right.(尽管节日电影以可预测或简单而闻名，但这正是它们令人感到舒适的原因之一。它们是一种让我们感觉良好的“有罪的快乐”——我们并不期待获得批评界的赞誉，只是希望世界最终会变得美好如初)”可知，作者认为假日电影虽然简单但能给人带来愉悦，这种愉悦感让人觉得是一种“有罪的快乐”，因为我们知道这些电影并不是为了获得批评家的赞誉，而是为了让我们感觉良好。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The predictability also provides comfort. No matter how unbelievable or simple it is, the plot touches real emotions. The predictability means we also enjoy re-watching favorite holiday movies, because the familiarity feels good and safe, knowing everything will end well and feeling connected to “home” on holidays.(这种可预测性也提供了安慰。无论情节多么难以置信或简单，它都能触动真实的情感。因为熟悉感让人感到舒适和安全，知道一切都会有个美好的结局，并且在节日里感受到与“家”的联系，所以我们乐于重温最喜欢的节日电影)”可知，熟悉度使观众感到舒适和安全，并且与共享的记忆产生联系。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段“So, if you feel guilty about liking holiday movies next time, don’t be! They combine happy and emotional moments, which are good for both your mind and body. They help us laugh, feel empathy, and enjoy the holiday spirit.(所以，如果你下次因为喜欢节日电影而感到内疚，不必如此！它们融合了欢乐和情感的时刻，对身心都有益处。这些电影帮助我们开怀大笑，感受同理心，并享受节日氛围)”可知，作者认为假日电影提供了舒适和情感价值，它们有助于我们笑、感受同理心以及享受节日氛围。故选D项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙岗区·期末) Sports fans use their clothes and colors to show how much they love their team. “This behavior has much to do with honour,” said Jonathan Jensen, professor at the University of North Carolina. He and his colleagues found if a student’s football team won a game, it doubled the chance of the student wearing the team’s clothes, while a loss greatly reduced the possibility of wearing team clothes by more than half. Winning or losing not only changes how fans dress, but also how they talk about their connection with the team to show whose side they are on. Andrew Billings, director at the University of Alabama, used machine learning to analyze (分析) more than 7,000 social media posts during a major sporting event. They found that fans increased the use of first-person pronouns, saying how “we” won the day when their team scored or won. By comparison, the fans talked about how “they” did not perform well when their team was behind or lost. This behavior of fans shows how strongly they feel connected to their teams. Taking part in these shared experiences provides them with more opportunities to socialize, which can strengthen their relationships with others. As Jensen said, “When you interact (互动) with people, you feel more connected with them, and you also benefit from better mental health and are more likely to stay involved (投入).” However, there are potential drawbacks of becoming too involved in a sports team, especially when your connection with the team becomes stronger than the people around you. “We’ve heard cases where people have missed their son’s or daughter’s wedding because it was happening during an Alabama football game,” Billings said. “Sometimes when you put too many eggs in the sports basket, you are leaving your mood up to athletes or teams that you have no control over.” 1．What may a student post online for his team’s success according to paragraph 2? A．They are all the best! B．Look at our cute players. C．She could have done better! D．He is definitely a handsome guy. 2．What can we learn about being sports fans according to paragraph 3? A．It harms their mental health. B．It strengthens their sports skills. C．It influences their family relationships. D．It encourages their social connection. 3．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Differences. B．Benefits. C．Disadvantages. D．Responsibilities. 4．What is Billings’s attitude to over-involvement in a sports team? A．Negative. B．Confused. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了球迷支持球队的表现、当球迷的益处和过度关心某一运动队的弊端。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Andrew Billings, director at the University of Alabama, used machine learning to analyze (分析) more than 7,000 social media posts during a major sporting event. They found that fans increased the use of first-person pronouns, saying how “we” won the day when their team scored or won. By comparison, the fans talked about how “they” did not perform well when their team was behind or lost.(阿拉巴马大学主任安德鲁·比林斯在一场重大体育赛事期间使用机器学习分析了7000多条社交媒体帖子。他们发现球迷增加了第一人称代词的使用，当他们的球队得分或获胜时，他们会说“我们”赢了。相比之下，当他们的球队落后或输球时，球迷们会说“他们”表现不好。)”可知，当球迷发现他们的球队得分或获胜时，他们发帖时会增加第一人称代词的使用，所以，一个学生为他的球队的成功发帖时可能会使用第一人称。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This behavior of fans shows how strongly they feel connected to their teams. Taking part in these shared experiences provides them with more opportunities to socialize, which can strengthen their relationships with others. As Jensen said, “When you interact (互动) with people, you feel more connected with them, and you also benefit from better mental health and are more likely to stay involved (投入).”(球迷的这种行为表明他们与自己的球队有多么紧密的联系。参加这些分享的经历为他们提供了更多的社交机会，这可以加强他们与他人的关系。正如詹森所说：“当你和别人互动时，你会觉得和他们更亲近，你也会从更好的心理健康中受益，更有可能参与其中。”)”可知，当球迷可以促进他们与社会的联系。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“becoming too involved in a sports team, especially when your connection with the team becomes stronger than the people around you. “We’ve heard cases where people have missed their son’s or daughter’s wedding because it was happening during an Alabama football game,” Billings said. “Sometimes when you put too many eggs in the sports basket, you are leaving your mood up to athletes or teams that you have no control over.”(……过度关心一个体育团队，尤其是当你与团队的联系比你周围的人更紧密的时候。比林斯说：“我们听说过一些人错过儿子或女儿婚礼的情况，因为婚礼是在阿拉巴马州的足球比赛期间举行的。”“有时候，当你把太多的鸡蛋放在运动篮子里时，你就把自己的情绪交给了你无法控制的运动员或球队。”)”可知，此处说的是过度关心某一运动队的缺点。所以划线单词与disadvantages意义一致。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子““We’ve heard cases where people have missed their son’s or daughter’s wedding because it was happening during an Alabama football game,” Billings said. “Sometimes when you put too many eggs in the sports basket, you are leaving your mood up to athletes or teams that you have no control over.”(比林斯说：“我们听说过一些人错过儿子或女儿婚礼的情况，因为婚礼是在阿拉巴马州的足球比赛期间举行的。”“有时候，当你把太多的鸡蛋放在运动篮子里时，你就把自己的情绪交给了你无法控制的运动员或球队。”)”可知，比林斯对于过度关心某一运动队的态度是否定的。故选A项。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东大湾区·期末) Have you ever thought that languages will die? It is thought that one language dies every two weeks. Linguists (语言学家) say there are “an extinct language” and “a dead language”. The former is the language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users, while the latter is the one that some people still use, even if there are no native speakers left. Latin is probably the most widely known dead language, which is still studied for academic (学术的) purposes but not used in daily life. There are also endangered languages, which are only spoken by a few elderly people. When they pass away, the language may disappear too. So, why do languages die? There are many reasons, such as evolution where languages change over time, genocide (种族灭绝) where people are killed along with their language, or when a stronger group forces its language on others. Sometimes, people stop using their language just because they mix with a larger group and adopt its language instead. For linguists, the loss of a language is a big deal. When a language dies, often the history, traditions and culture of the people who spoke it die too. This makes our understanding of the world less complete. Therefore, some linguists are working hard t$ 专题04 阅读理解（ 说明文） 主题01 人与自我——身心成长 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东广州天河区·期末) Conversations are like two-way streets: we take turns speaking and listening. While we often focus on what we say, there’s something effective in the act of listening. It can build trust, strengthen social relationships, and deepen our understanding of the world around us. So, it’s no surprise that when we think of listening, positive words like trust, respect, understanding and growth come to mind. But here’s where it gets difficult — being a good listener isn’t easy. It can cause emotional tiredness, especially in tough conversations. Think about the last time someone expressed their disappointment or shared their pain with you. How did you feel? My co-workers and I recently explored the downsides of listening in a study with school teachers. We found the more effort teachers put into listening, the more they reported feeling burned out. Why does this happen? For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words — it also means taking in their students’ emotional challenges, disappointments and struggles, especially when teachers feel responsible for solving problems they may have no way or time to deal with. Over time, this emotional pressure increases, leading to burnout finally. And this isn’t just a problem for teachers, it affects all of us. Whether we're parents, partners, friends, or co-workers, we all find ourselves in situations where we have to listen to others’ worries and stresses since we' re continuously connected and expected to be there for others. So, how can we listen without burning out? First, focus on listening without planning your response. This keeps you there and allows the speaker to feel truly heard. Second, understand that sometimes just listening is beneficial — don’t feel responsible to fix the problem unless you’re asked for advice. Finally, don't always feel like you have to respond or paraphrase. While paraphrasing can be helpful in many situations, when someone is sharing a really bad experience, like the loss of a loved one, mirroring those emotions back to them may only deepen their pain. 1．What can listening bring us according to paragraph 1? A．Physical growth. B．Good relationship. C．Economic support. D．Professional knowledge. 2．What does the underlined word “downsides” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Methods. B．Results. C．Challenges. D．Disadvantages. 3．In the study, why did teachers feel burnout? A．They failed to understand students’ struggles. B．They were forced to solve students’ challenges. C．They heard too many students’ emotional problems. D．They suffered growing stress for not helping students out. 4．What is suggested for listening? A．Listen without doing anything else. B．Repeat someone’s problem to themselves. C．Solve the speaker’s problem immediately. D．Think about your answer while listening. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末) Hearing from an old friend you’ve lost touch with can be a nice surprise. But when it comes to who will send the message first to get reconnected, most people just can’t make up their mind. According to a new study, everyone expects to rebuild old friendships, but surprisingly we are often afraid to take the first step. The study has also provided helpful suggestions on picking up old friendships. The researchers conducted a survey of almost 530 people. As the findings showed, over 90 percent of them said that they could think of a long-lost friend and would like to speak with him again. However, when they were asked to send a message, only about one out of ten actually did. “We all know that trying to change people’s minds might not be the best practice,” says Nora Marshal, lead researcher of the study. “Instead of changing people’s minds, we needed to change their behavior.” The research team came up with a new strategy, which was tested out by conducting a “warm-up” practice. One group spent three minutes sending messages to their present friends, while the other group spent three minutes watching videos on their phones. Then, everyone was asked to write and send a message to an old friend. The practice task proved successful: 62 percent of those who had warmed up did send the message — a two-thirds increase over those who hadn’t. By contrast, only 11 percent of those watching videos reached out to an old friend. So why is getting old friends reconnected difficult and we need to practise some warm-ups first? Over time, old friends can start to feel like strangers. That is why people feel worried about reconnecting. “We advise people not to overthink the situation and just press’ send’,” said Nora. “Just take their friend’s position and think about how much they would appreciate receiving a note from an old friend.” 1．What does the new study show? A．People are afraid to lose their old friends. B．People seldom hear from their old friends. C．People are unwilling to pick up their old friendship. D．People usually don’t dare to contact old friends first. 2．How did the researchers get the findings? A．By carrying out a survey. B．By discussing with 530 people. C．By teaming up with other groups. D．By comparing people’s minds and behavior. 3．What is the key step of the new strategy? A．Changing people’s minds. B．Reading some warm-up messages. C．Watching videos related to friendship. D．Contacting present friends to warm up. 4．What is Nora Marshal’s suggestion for us? A．Appreciate your friend’s efforts. B．Be brave to reach out to strangers. C．Feel free to reconnect our old friends. D．Consider carefully before taking action. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东肇庆·期末) Do you believe in the power of the underdogs? Super Dreams, a movie based on a real-life story, follows the journey of a group of teenagers who win an international robotics competition. Born and raised in a low-income community, William Bates and his fellow teammates have big dreams. With a strong interest in advanced technology, especially robotics, they take on the challenge of the International Science and Engineering Competition, in which they are required to design a robot that can follow specific orders and carry out the tasks. However, the journey is anything but easy. Their school is unable to provide any funds, nor can they afford professional instructors. Instead of giving up, they decide to learn on their own. They do research in the library, watch related videos online, and turn to their science teachers at times. To perfect their design, the team work tirelessly after school, on weekends, and even during holidays. As recorded in the movie, this team outperforms other favored teams, winning first place in the final match. It proves that with a little bit of courage and a lot of heart, big dreams can come true. Just like what William says in the movie, "With determination and teamwork, kids from poor backgrounds can also achieve their dreams." The movie is a breath of fresh air in the world of teen stories. It is not just about winning a competition. It is also about personal growth. It is a reminder that success isn't about where you start, but about the strength of your will and the dreams rooted in your heart. If you are ready to see a group of teens who turn "can'ts" into "cans", then Super Dreams is what you have been looking for. You will never know what will happen when these kids are given a chance to shine. 1．What can we know about the journey of the teenagers according to the passage? A．They make a real-life movie. B．They take on many challenges. C．They win a global competition. D．They set special orders for robots. 2．Which of the following best describes William's team? A．Honest and determined. B．Brave and hard-working. C．Responsible and talented. D．Confident and interesting. 3．What does the movie Super Dreams focus on? A．Teenagers' personal life. B．Importance of education. C．Success in a competition. D．Power of sticking to dreams. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东佛山·期末) A recent survey found a quarter of people aged 18 to 34 never answer the phone and nearly 70% prefer a text to a phone call. For older generations, talking on the phone is normal. However, phone calls on the mobile would have cost a fortune in the past. And so, a generation of texters were born around 2000: mobile phone calls were for emergencies. Without the habit of speaking on the phone, young people now feel awkward when taking phone calls and some even fear the worst when their phone starts ringing. More than half of the people in the survey admit that they think an unexpected call means bad news. As our lives and working schedules get busier, people have less time to call friends simply to catch up. Phone calls, then, are kept only for import ant news in their lives. This tendency is also seen in the workplace. Henry Nelson, a 31-year-old content creator, says it’s the tension connected with real-time conversations, possible awkwardness, and the pressure to respond immediately that makes him hate talking on the phone. Dunja Relic, a 27-year-old lawyer, says answering a call requires you to stop what you’re doing, and this sets you back on your tasks. However, Ciara Brodie, a 25-year-old supermarket area manager, is against the flow. “I love it when my seniors at work call me. It’s more thoughtful than a text because it requires a certain amount of effort, so I really know that my boss appreciates my opinion,” she says. Some people may say this new communication tendency is further proof (证据) of young people being overly sensitive, but it’s actually far from that. Twenty-five years ago, people were opposed to shifting from fax (传真机) to email, but the change has made communication far more efficient. Perhaps now it’s time to accept the power of text and just as we gave up using the fax machine in the 1990s, we can leave the undesirable phone calls behind now. 1．What do young people think of a phone call according to the survey? A．It costs too much money. B．It changes their schedules. C．It suggests something serious. D．It makes people’s lives busier. 2．What is the main purpose of paragraph 4 concerning phone calls? A．To compare opinions on them. B．To explain why they are disliked at work. C．To discourage the use of them. D．To show how they influence people’s work. 3．Why does Brodie prefer taking phone calls? A．They make her feel valued. B．They lead her to be thoughtful. C．They encourage her creativity. D．They inspire extra efforts from her. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards text? A．Unclear. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful D．Favorable. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东广州越秀区·调研) Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten every morning, just like many other five-year-olds in New York. Today, she is learning a poem. What is special is that it is a Chinese poem and that she is able to recite it without an accent. Soon she is going to learn Chinese handwriting too. “Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in her future career,” says her mother Alison. “I think it’s good for her to stretch herself by listening to and pronouncing new sounds, as well as learning to read and write Chinese characters.” More and more ambitious parents in the world are signing their children up for Chinese classes. Keen for their sons and daughters to succeed in life, they see being fluent in a second or third language as an advantage. Learning Chinese is becoming such a global interest that the language has been included in the education systems of more than 75 countries. Over 4,000 overseas universities offer Chinese language courses and about 25 million people are learning Chinese outside China. It is easy to understand why Chinese is becoming so popular. Learning Chinese may help people get more job opportunities. China is already a global economic power, and its influence is growing. For example, there is China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which motivates many countries along the Silk Road to cooperate more closely. It has created thousands of local jobs, many of which need people with a knowledge of Chinese. Another reason is that studying Chinese provides access to wonderful Chinese history and culture. Adam Turner, a school head teacher in the UK, cites this as one of the most appealing aspects of the recently added Chinese course. “Students love the mystery of China,” he explains. “They want to know all about its traditions, dynasties and art forms. Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and broaden their minds to the outside world.” 1．Why does Mary-Jo Saunders’s mother have her learn Chinese? A．To give her an advantage in future work. B．To make her a top student in kindergarten. C．To support her to grow into a poetry expert. D．To improve her handwriting skills in general. 2．How does the writer show the global trend of learning Chinese? A．By providing data. B．By giving definitions. C．By making comparison. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 3．What can be inferred from Adam Turner’s words? A．Learning Chinese can ensure a promising future. B．Spreading Chinese language and culture is necessary. C．Studying Chinese can help develop cultural awareness. D．Starting a new Chinese learning program has been an appeal. 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Global popularity of learning Chinese. B．How Mary-Jo Saunders Learns Chinese. C．The Importance of being ambitious parents. D．How China’s Belt and Road Initiative Progresses. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高一上·广东汕头潮阳区·期末) Historic numbers of animals across the globe have become endangered or extinct. But, some of these species sit in limbo. They’re not conclusively extinct, yet they’re missing from the scientific record. Species are identified as “lost” when there hasn’t been a trace (痕迹) of them in 10 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Their populations are dropping in size, and that’s why they can’t be found. It means they are likely to be on the edge of extinction,” says Thomas Evans, a conservation scientist. There is a noticeable difference in which species are searched for and protected, as proved by a recent study co-led by Evans. The study indicates that “attractive” animals have better chances of being re-discovered. They tend to be large, cute or furry. This has allowed some “unattractive” lost species to disappear from human view when they might have been saved with measures such as habitat preservation. Historically, rodents (啮齿动物) have been one group of animals most affected by this difference. Biologist Tyrone Lavery spent 14 years studying a “lost” species: the Vangunu giant rat (老鼠), known to the people of the Vangunu Islands as “vika”. Lavery’s hard efforts paid off after he planted camera traps around the forest for six months and finally got photographic evidence (证据). Since his research came out, there haven’t been any official moves to protect the rat. In fact, before his work was published, the government had allowed more logging (伐木作业) around the vika’s habitat. But shortly after it was published, Lavery said, “All of a sudden, they’ve removed their machines, and pulled out. So officially, nothing’s happened. But it seems like there’s been a little bit of change.” While the vika could be on their way to getting vital protection, the same may not be true for all “unattractive” animals. People are often eager to go and look for large cats or other really “attractive” animals, and many people haven’t even heard of a vika. It is sad because all species on our planet are valuable. 1．What does the underlined part “sit in limbo” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．grow healthily. B．come to extinction. C．are in an uncertainty. D．stay under poor protection. 2．Which is a finding of the study co-led by Thomas Evans? A．Humans seem to love lovable animals more. B．The data about lost species is not reliable (可信的). C．Preservation efforts now are far from enough. D．Species became lost mostly due to human activities. 3．What was a result of Tyrone Lavery’s vika research? A．Rules were set to assist scientists. B．The vika received unofficial protection. C．The government didn’t allow cutting down trees. D．More logging was carried out around the vika’s habitat. 4．What message does the author want to deliver in the last paragraph? A．Appearance doesn’t matter. B．The more species, the better. C．Every species is worth protecting. D．Protecting the Earth takes everyone. 主题04 人与社会——科技创新 (24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末) With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out the penguin groups in photos. Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 1．Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A．To collect the photos from tourists. B．To follow moving paths of penguins. C．To study the photos taken by tourists. D．To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2? A．Identify. B．Ignore. C．Explore. D．Revise. 3．What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A．Glacier sizes. B．Location marks. C．Climate changes. D．Penguin numbers. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．3D map helps locate penguin groups. B．Adélie penguins help develop AI tools. C．Penguins show signs of climate change. D．Researchers use AI to track penguin groups. 主题01 人与社会——社会服务 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东茂名高州·期末) About 20 years ago, Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wanted to stop hunger and protect the world’s food supply. Fowler and Hawtin’s goal was to keep a supply of seeds (种子) safe if existing  seed banks were put at risk by war, climate change, or other dangers. They decided to build their storage building into the side of a mountain north of the Arctic Circle. Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard. The vault opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country in the world. The structure was built into the side of a mountain. It protects the seeds of over 6,000 kinds of agriculturally (农业上) important plants. Fowler and Hawtin were named the 2024 World Food Prize winners for their work. For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important. Hawtin said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional safe seed storage. Hawtin explained that climate change is changing insects and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been important ones.” Fowler and Hawtin said they hope to win the World Food Prize. It will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Managing them is not too exorbitant. However, the financial (财政的) support needs to continue forever. Norman Borlaug set up the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution”. That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry. 1．What is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault? A．A farm. B．A garden. C．A storehouse. D．A seed bank. 2．What can we know about Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin? A．They both come from Norway. B．They are concerned about future climate change. C．They will be recommended for the Nobel Peace Prize. D．They may fail to win the World Food Prize. 3．What does the underlined “exorbitant” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Costly. B．Worried. C．Satisfying. D．Simple. 4．Why does the author mention Norman Borlaug in the last paragraph? A．To stress the importance of agriculture. B．To introduce a Nobel Prize winner. C．To provide more background. D．To discuss the population problem. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东大湾区·期末) The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country’s emergency response (应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes, getting an early warning is extremely important. The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Center found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a 20-second warning, by 63%. So in the following years China has developed an automatic (自动的) early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response. There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain, water, and air rescues, as well as earthquake relief, and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life. Disaster relief requires the whole society to work together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first. 1．How does this text show the importance of early warning systems? A．By using quotes. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By making contrast. 2．Why has the government set up the specialized teams? A．To carry out disaster relief internationally. B．To help the rescue and recovery work. C．To train local people in disaster prevention. D．To handle forest fires more effectively. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The effects of follow-up disasters have been reduced. B．A lot of natural disasters have happened in the world. C．Disaster relief needs efforts across various departments. D．Different departments are responsible for building roads and railways. 4．What’s the main idea of this text? A．China has improved disaster response and recovery. B．China has developed an early warning system for earthquakes. C．China organized various departments for post-disaster recovery. D．China has created specialized departments to respond to earthquakes. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东18校联考·期末) If you’ve been learning English for a while, you may have noticed that native speakers often use idioms (习语) in conversations. But do you know how to learn idioms and why they are so important? This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. With this guide, you’ll understand what idioms are, why native speakers use them so much, and how to learn and use idioms in your own conversations. Idioms are a unique aspect of language that can sometimes be confusing for language learners. So, what exactly are idioms and why are they important? Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. They play an important role in understanding and communicating effectively. Learning idioms is important for several reasons. Firstly, idioms can help you sound more like a native speaker. Including idioms into your conversations will make your speech more natural and fluent. Secondly, idioms are a key part of cultural understanding. Many idioms are deeply rooted in a country’s culture, history, and by understanding and using idioms, you can learn more about the culture of the language you are learning. Lastly, idioms are often used in literature, movies, and songs, so having a good grasp of idiomatic expressions can improve your overall understanding and appreciation of English media. 1．What is the main purpose of this guide? A．To tell the history of English idioms. B．To give the reasons for using English idioms. C．To help learners effectively learn English idioms. D．To explain the historical origins of English idioms. 2．What does the text suggest about the use of idioms by native speakers? A．They avoid using idioms in daily conversations. B．They use idioms frequently without realizing it. C．They are aware of using idioms in every conversation. D．They often use idioms when teaching language learners. 3．What can we know about English idioms? A．They are short and easy to remember. B．They are often used in formal situations. C．They are confusing and difficult to learn. D．They can make conversations more interesting. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards learning idioms? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东18校联考·期末) Timeless and meaningful friendships are central to the human experience, and we have been honoring these special relationships for thousands of years. One of the ways people have marked these bonds is by exchanging gifts. Here are the stories of the symbols and traditions that have honored friendships throughout history and around the world. In the 16th century, Dutch theologian Erasmus offered his friends paintings, books, and ancient coins, which became a kind of currency of friendship among early modern humanists. By the 18th and 19th centuries in Ireland, the Claddagh ring had gained attention as a symbol of both love and friendship: the heart on the ring represents (代表) love, while the clasped hands represent friendship. By the 18th century, friends were exchanging locks of hair, which degrades very slowly. Like friendship, so the belief went, hair seemed to be everlasting. George Washington even gifted his hair to some of his close friends, including fellow founding father Alexander Hamilton. Throughout the 19th century, friends exchanged friendship brooches (胸针). They sometimes featured ivy flowers, which Victorians associated with loyalty, and the phrase, “Nothing can separate me from you.” As one advertisement for friendship brooches said in 1913, the brooch’s circular shape was, “like friendship, endless”. By the end of the 20th century, a new friendship symbol and gift-giving practice took hold: friendship bracelets, which tend to be brightly colored and woven. No one knows exactly where friendship bracelets came from or how the tradition started, but they may have their roots in woven bracelets from Central America. All these show an idea that’s been around forever: It’s great to find someone who understands you in this big world, and it’s something worth celebrating. 1．What did Erasmus offer his friends in the 16th century? A．Ivy flowers and woven bracelets. B．Paintings, books, and ancient coins. C．Friendship bracelets and locks of hair. D．Claddagh rings and friendship brooches. 2．What can we know about the Claddagh ring in Ireland? A．It was only worn by men. B．It was expensive and hard to get. C．It was made of gold and diamonds. D．It represented both love and friendship. 3．What can be inferred about the tradition of exchanging locks of hair? A．It was a way to show long life. B．It was a practice limited to the 18th century. C．It was a common practice only among the wealthy. D．It was believed to symbolize everlasting friendship. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How celebrities make friends B．How people celebrate friendship C．The history of friendship symbols D．The importance of celebrating friendships Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东·期末) American consumers are projected to spend roughly $960 billion this holiday season. But retailers (零售商) expect returns to account for almost 20 percent of those sales. That return wave arises mainly because people tend to make a lot of mistakes when giving presents, says Julian Givi, a marketing expert and psychologist who has been studying gifting practices. Giving good gifts may not seem like a research-worthy topic. But positive gift exchanges can help businesses struggling to deal with amounts of returns as well as improve social relationships. Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. By one estimate, in 2020, some 2.6 million tons of returned products in the United States wound up in a landfill. Most of these studies were also done in the U. S. and U. K. The studies centered on the cultural factor. For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. But what we find is that recipients(接受者)actually prefer emotional gifts more than what givers anticipate. But if in a culture where you are going to get laughed at for giving an emotional gift, then I would say you won’t give a similar gift. However, the limitation on this body of research work is that it’s focused on adults. It’s a lot easier to get approval to do research on people who are 18 and older. Gift givers tend to focus on that “aha” moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term functions. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important. However, recipients actually like things that they request better. It had been assumed that gift givers were simply motivated by a desire to please recipients. Actually, people often give gifts that satisfy their own desires rather than the desires of recipients. In other words, people would be a whole lot better at giving gifts if they could just get their sense of their own worth out of the way. Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration. 1．What does the author think is the most important significance of giving better gifts? A．Promoting products. B．Improving social relationships. C．Reducing environmental harm. D．Bettering communication skills. 2．How does the author explain the cultural factor of giving gifts? A．By listing data. B．By making comparisons. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples. 3．What does the underlined word “aha” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Annoying. B．Disappointing. C．Amazing. D．Moving. 4．What’s the advice for a better gift giver? A．Buying high quality items. B．Meeting gift givers’ desire. C．Sending multi-functional gifts. D．Stressing recipients’ preference. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东潮州·期末) If English means endless new words. difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. Like exercise shapes and strengthens muscles, learning a language can have a similar effect on your brain. The study also found the effect is greater, if the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that gray matter density (灰质密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and cognition (认知) were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you can enter another world,” explained the scientists. 1．Why is “exercise” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To encourage a regular fitness practice. B．To suggest improvement to physical fitness. C．To show the importance of using the language. D．To explain the effect of language learning on the brain. 2．What did the study led by Dr Andrea Mechelli show? A．Learning a second language increases gray matter density. B．Language learning leads to lower gray matter density in the brain. C．Later language learning has a bigger influence on brain structure. D．Learning a second language has no effect on the structure of the brain. 3．What can we learn from the study of Indian speakers? A．Learning a second language is only helpful during childhood. B．Native Italian speakers learning English were similarly studied. C．Bilinguals are more successful than people speaking only one language. D．Learning a second language brings greater advantages if started young. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．Language Learning Increases IQ B．Bilingual Helps Learning Mathematics C．Learning a Second Language Improves Brain Power D．Language Learning Unlocks the Door to A New World 主题03 人与社会——科技创新 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东清远·期末) Deep neural (神经的) networks are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) designed to copy how the human brain processes information. However, understanding how these networks make decisions has long been a difficult challenge. Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to better understand how deep neural networks explain data and organize it. Their findings aim to reinforce AI accuracy and safety. Similar to how humans solve confusing problems step by step, deep neural networks process information through different layers. The first layer, called the input layer, collects data. The next layers, known as hidden layers, analyze the data in stages. Deeper layers combine these characters to recognize more difficult patterns, such as telling between a cat and a dog, much like similar pieces to form a complete image “However, these hidden layers are like a locked black box: we see the input and output, but what is happening inside is not clear,” says Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas, an associate Professor. “This becomes a serious problem when AI makes mistakes. Understanding how it comes to its decision is key to ensuring it’s worth trusting.” In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k * distribution method. The model works by assigning (分配) each inputted data point a “k * value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k * value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k * value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k * values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized. The k * distribution method helps researchers, and even lawmakers, assess (评估) how AI organizes and classifies information. This not only supports the legal processes needed to safely apply AI to daily life but also offers valuable insights into how AI “thinks”. 1．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean in paragraph 1? A．Explore. B．Strengthen. C．Arrange. D．Remove. 2．What’s the function of hidden layers? A．Tell different images. B．Solve hard problems. C．Deliver right information D．Conduct analysis on data 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The k * distribution method’s advantages. B．The k * distribution method’s applied fields C．The k * distribution method’s value in science. D．The k * distribution method’s working principle. 4．In which section of a newspaper will this text appear? A．Technology. B．Nature. C．Society. D．Literature. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东茂名高州·期末) The current US traffic signal (信号) system has been in place for more than 100 years. But experts are now studying ways to connect technology-equipped vehicles (交通工具) with signal systems in order to improve safety and traffic flows. Most US traffic signals currently include three lights to direct drivers at crossroads: red, yellow and green. But it might make sense to add a fourth colour, possibly white. This colour could inform motorists when there is a large collection of self-driving vehicles in a particular area. When many self-driving vehicles are present, the additional light would signal other drivers to follow the lead of those vehicles. The North Carolina State team thought that such changes are likely years away. One reason for this is because this kind of system would require between 40 to 50 percent of all vehicles on the road to be self-driving. Waymo is a self-driving vehicle company owned by Google’s parent, Alphabet. Waymo had already started ride-sharing services that use full self-driving vehicles in Los Angeles, California and Austin, Texas. Those services do not use a fourth traffic light. However, officials and companies should think very carefully before deciding on, and moving forward with, major infrastructure (基础设施) changes. Researchers at the University of Michigan are also testing different methods. They have carried out a test programme in an area outside the city of Detroit. Their research collects data on the speed and location of General Motors (GM) vehicles in the area. The data has been used to change the timing of city traffic lights in an effort to improve traffic flows. The area near Detroit where the testing is taking place has 34 traffic signals. It was chosen because lights in the area are set to change at the same times each day. This is the case for more than half of traffic signals nationwide. These signals are not connected to cameras or sensors to watch traffic flows in real time. Danielle Deneau is the director of traffic safety in Michigan. She said results of the University of Michigan research changed the timing of green lights only by a few seconds. However, Deneau added, even that was enough to improve traffic flows. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．The white signal mainly directs dangerous traffic. B．Self-driving vehicles are not yet popular in the US. C．The white signal will change the basic traffic rules. D．The signal system in the US now has four colours. 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards major infrastructure changes? A．Supportive. B．Concerned. C．Unclear. D．Careful. 3．What is the method being tried by the University of Michigan? A．To add more signal colours. B．To change the green signal time. C．To get more traffic information. D．To connect more cameras or sensors. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Past and Future of Traffic Signal in the US B．Reasons for Changes in Self-driving Vehicles C．Researchers: Smarter Vehicles Could Greatly Change Traffic Signals D．American Traffic Signal: One of the Most Effective Management Strategies Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙岗区·期末) Whale communication has long been a puzzle for scientists, with their underwater sound — “click... click... click” — remaining largely unexplained. However, thanks to the surprising abilities of artificial intelligence (AI), researchers from a program can interpret the sounds of these amazing sea animals. The program is called the Whale Translation Project (WTP), whose meaning is to know what whales are saying. Its goal is clear but very difficult to achieve. Understanding the communication of whales and other animals could inspire conservation (保护) efforts. For example, the discovery that humpback whales sing to each other in the 1960s led to successful conservation activities and laws. The WTP started when Gruber, a biologist at Harvard University, turned to a computer scientist for help about dealing with a large amount of data on whale sounds. They thought of applying machine learning, used for improving human language translations, to whales. The sound of click, similar to a binary code (二进制), is easy for AI to analyze. Scientists once presented the sounds of a whale using a series of lines to show the number of clicks per second. Now, with the help of AI, Gruber can quickly turn the thousands of whale sounds from hours of recordings into a new kind of pictures that look like musical notes. This method helps to find tiny differences in the sounds. Gruber can use AI to analyze the differences and the specific context, like the behavior of moving to the surface and hunting for food, and thus understand the meaning of the whale sound easily. He can also discover how whales interact, getting 99% right in predicting (预测) the next click. This kind of work isn't limited to whales. Suresh Neethirajan, a computer science and agriculture professor, studies how farmers can use real-time observation to explain animal behaviors. He collects data, such as body temperature, paired with recorded sounds and videos,to understand whether animals are comfortable or not. With AI, he can recognise sick animals quickly, improving their well-being. 1．What is the purpose of mentioning the discovery in the 1960s? A．To show the success of protecting the environment. B．To explain the difficulty of saving humpback whales. C．To stress the value of studying animal communication. D．To introduce the challenge of understanding whale language. 2．How can AI help according to paragraph 4? A．It records whale sound quickly. B．It processes sound data effectively. C．It reads musical notes correctly. D．It promotes whale interactions directly. 3．What can we learn about AI according to the last paragraph? A．It cures diseases of animals. B．It improves farmers' well-being. C．It aims to change animal behavior. D．It helps to understand animals' needs. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Scientists develop machine learning. B．Scientists discover a new whale sound. C．AI creates a unique type of musical note. D．AI unlocks the secrets of animal language. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东梅州·期末) No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partly exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期), where you can perform really well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that clearly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 1．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Selling new products. D．Making decisions. 2．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing Al in life is effortless. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to get over people’s fears on AI? B．How to explore human emotions AI affects? C．How to exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces? D．How to stay relevant at work at the age of AI? Passage 5 (24-25高一上·广东茂名电白区·期末) Climate change is speeding up the frequency and seriousness of extreme(极端的) weather events in places like the Horn of Africa, where deadly floods and the worst drought hit in decades. Besides, traditional weather forecast(预报) models in sub- Saharan Africa often aren’t dependable enough to forecast extreme weather events accurately(准确地) ahead of time, leaving the areas at risk. Based on the facts, accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods. Climate scientists are building artificial intelligence (AI) into the traditional weather forecasting method in East Africa to improve the accuracy of extreme weather forecasts. By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first- of- its- kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts.“ We start from the traditional forecasts and add the AI model over it to make up for what the traditional forecasts have missed, so that the final forecast results can more accurately match the data that has actually been observed,” explains Shruti Nath, a climate scientist and researcher at the University of Oxford Department of Physics. According to Shruti Nath, this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers, gives local meteorological (气象的) organizations an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts in an area where there is a shortage of accurate observational data. The researchers say the project could change early warning systems in East Africa, making the area get better prepared for the extreme weather caused by climate change. Traditionally, many forecasting organizations in Africa did not have good computational resources. The project is supported by an IT company, which provides funding and computational resources. This approach gives them the ability to use AI to make forecasting at the least computational expense. The model is currently being rolled out in Kenya and Ethiopia. If successful in East Africa, researchers hope to use it in other parts of the world facing similar challenges. More countries are trying to spread the technology as well as build local ownership and trust. 1．What does the author want to stress in the first paragraph? A．The necessity of using the new weather forecast model. B．The great climate changes caused by human activities. C．The seriousness of the flood and drought in Africa. D．Little progress has been made in weather forecasts. 2．How does the new weather forecast model work? A．It needs much less observational data. B．It uses supercomputers to process data. C．It combines AI with the traditional method. D．It depends on AI instead of the former way. 3．What can we say about the new weather forecast model? A．It runs easily. B．It is low- cost. C．It doesn’t work as wished. D．It is geographically limited. 4．What can be the most suitable title for the text? A．Climate Change and Its Effects on Africa B．Uncertainty of Weather Forecast with AI C．AI Helping Improve Weather Forecast in Sub- Saharan Africa D．The Challenges Faced by Traditional Weather Forecast Model 主题04 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东广州越秀区·调研) The dodo is one of the most famous birds ever to have lived and also one of the most mysterious. Considered the first animal to die out due to human actions, it has been described as awkward and unintelligent. A new study is challenging this image, however. The dodo, a flightless bird with a large. hooked beak (鸟喙), lived on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. Adult dodos were up to about 3 feet tall and weighed up to 51 pounds, making them larger than a modern turkey. They likely ate fruits, nuts, and seeds from the forest floor and swallowed stones to break up food in their bodies, which some modern birds do as well Few dodo fossils or samples of soft tissue (组织) have been found, which means scientists haven’t been able to learn much else about them. To address that, a research team looked through 400 years of writing and scientific gatherings on the dodo. They concluded that the animal was probably not such an awkward bird after all. Written descriptions of live dodos suggested that the birds actually moved quickly. The team also re-examined dodo fossils and remains and concluded that the bird had powerful tendons (肌腱) in its toes-just similar to modern birds that climb and run. This provided further evidence that the dodo was an active, speedy bird. “The birds were fast and, before being wiped out, had been doing their thing and doing it incredibly well for millions of years,” said Neil Gostling, an author of the recent study. Scientists think dodos went extinct in the 1600s when Dutch sailors in Mauritius began hunting them. Dodos didn’t have predators on the island before that, so they weren’t afraid of humans and were easy to catch. This contributed to the idea that the birds were slow and not smart. However, scientists also know that sailors brought cats, dogs, pigs, and rats, which ate dodos’ chicks and damaged their habitat, helping to kill them off. The research team’s work is just the beginning of a larger project aimed at finding out more about the ancient creature. “The mystery of the dodo bird is about to be cracked wide open,” said Markus Heler, another author of the study. 1．What was the traditional view of the dodo? A．It was a large and skilled flyer. B．It was a clever and adaptable bird. C．It moved slowly and appeared dull. D．It shared habits with some modern Lirds. 2．How did the researchers gain more knowledge about the dodo? A．By studying a copy of dodo fossils and relics. B．By analyzing the creature’s genetic structure. C．By looking through old records and collections. D．By watching behaviors of similar modern species. 3．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 5? A．Friends. B．Hunters. C．Neighbors. D．Competitors. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The expert regarded the study as a fruitless attempt. B．Few projects are being done on the bird’s extinction. C．The research team has cracked the secret of the bird. D．Gaps in knowledge about this creature are noticeable. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东汕头潮南区·期末) Koalas live in the eucalyptus (桉树) forests of southeastern and eastern Australia. They depend on the eucalyptus tree for both habitat and food. In fact,they seldom leave these trees. When not sleeping, they’ re usually eating. They can eat more than a pound of eucalyptus leaves a day. Eucalyptus is poisonous, so the koala’ s digestive (消化的) system has to work hard to digest it, breaking down the poisons and taking in the limited nutrients (营养). That’s why koalas sleep for 18 to 22 hours a day — they get very little energy from their diet. Koala numbers decreased in the late 19th and early 20th century from hunting for their fur. Now they face serious threats from habitat loss. Land clearing and bush fires — especially the 2019-2020 Australia Bushfire Season — have destroyed much of the forest they live in. Koalas are easy to be affected by climate change. Increasing greenhouse gas in the air is decreasing the nutritional quality of eucalyptus leaves and causing longer, more serious droughts and wildfires. To deal with drought, koalas are forced to stop sleeping and come down from the trees to find water, putting them at a higher risk of being killed. Koalas have been identified by the Australian government as one of the 113 animals requiring immediate help. Ensuring there’s the right kind of forest for them to return to is extremely important. State governments should create new koala reserves and persuade landowners not to cut down eucalyptus trees. Meanwhile, getting the public to understand koalas’ living habits and their health will throw light on koala biology, which helps to develop plans to better protect the species. 1．What can we learn about koalas? A．They like moving around very much. B．They often get ill for eucalyptus leaves. C．They can be seen everywhere in Australia. D．They have developed smart survival skills. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The possible threats to Koalas. B．Koalas’ newly-formed habits. C．Koalas’ decreasing population. D．The outcomes of greenhouse gas. 3．What is the most important thing to do right now to protect koalas? A．Conduct the research on their living habits. B．Realize they’re sensitive to climate change. C．Reserve the proper habitat they are living on. D．Raise the public awareness of protecting them. 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A travel brochure. B．A cartoon book. C．A nature magazine. D．A sports newspaper. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东·期末) It’s a pleasant summer morning. Trees stand in the breeze. Insects fly among the branches. Everything seems calm and peaceful. But don’t be fooled. These trees are actually under attack due to hungry insects. The trees can’t hide or run away, but they have ways to fight back and even aid each other. As soon as a leaf is chewed (咀嚼), the tree organizes defenses first. It then quickly messages its neighbors and even calls on other insects for help. All of this happens in ways we don’t see. But scientists are learning that plants can do many things we associate with thinking. Could these abilities mean plants are intelligent? Researchers are working to get to the root of what’s going on when plants act in ways we once thought only animals could. In the 1980s, botanists first found signs that plants communicate with each other. In one early experiment, hurt trees seemed to warn their neighbors of danger. Some people described this as plants “talking” to each other. Since then, scientists have shown this communication can be fairly complex (复杂的). Plants respond better to messages from close relatives than to unrelated ones. It’s something Rick Karban has shown. He studies how plants and insects interact. Work by his group shows plants can tell one attacker from another. They send different signals depending on what type of insect is attacking. Plants can even use more than one “language”. A team in Tel Aviv, Israel, recorded clicks and pops made by plants under stress. The sounds varied across plant species and type of stress, such as drought and being cut. Although roughly as loud as human speech, they’re too high for people to hear. Other animals, however, such as bats, mice and insects, might be able to hear them, the researchers note. There’s a lot of evidence that plants respond to sounds. Other work suggests that plants can learn and even remember. One famous study used a plant called Mimosa pudica. When the researchers shook the plants, they curled their leaves right away. But when dropped again, they didn’t curl them. Researchers concluded that the plant had known that the drop wasn’t going to hurt them. 1．What’s the first response of the attacked tree? A．Fighting back. B．Seeking help. C．Hiding its leaves. D．Messaging other trees. 2．What did Rick Karban’s team find? A．Trees warn their neighbors of danger. B．Trees avoid talking to distant relatives. C．Trees can use more than one language. D．Trees can make out different attackers. 3．Why is Mimosa pudica mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To prove plants’ ability to learn. B．To tell us plants suffer from stress. C．To show plants can produce loud sounds. D．To explain plants react to various attackers. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．Can Plants Talk? B．Are Plants Intelligent? C．Can Plants Attack Insects? D．Are Insects Harmful to Plants? 主题05 人与社会——社会文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙华区·期末) Nowadays, using entertainment to feel better, relax, and escape from stress is common, and holiday movies are a popular choice for this purpose. Many media companies have noticed this trend and are creating more holiday “feel-good” movies. Why? Holiday movies make us happy. Psychologists explain happiness in two ways: Hedonic happiness is what we get from feelings of pleasure and enjoyment. It tends to be more transitory, like eating chocolate. Eudaimonic happiness, however, comes from experiences that create a sense of meaning and purpose and tends to be with us longer. Holiday movies can give us both kinds of happiness. They make us feel good with humor, love stories, beautiful settings, likable actors, and happy endings. And they also remind us of important things like hope, love, and being connected to others, which adds deeper sense of meaning. Although holiday movies are well-known for being predictable or simple, that’s part of what makes them comforting. They are guilty pleasures that make us feel good — we don’t expect critical praise. We just want to make sure that the world will be put right. The characters face challenges. A disappointed hero struggles, makes great efforts, and finally achieves not just happiness but the true meaning of the holiday spirit through love or family support. The predictability also provides comfort. No matter how unbelievable or simple it is, the plot touches real emotions. The predictability means we also enjoy re-watching favorite holiday movies, because the familiarity feels good and safe, knowing everything will end well and feeling connected to “home” on holidays. These movies can refresh memories and shared experiences that make the holidays more meaningful. So, if you feel guilty about liking holiday movies next time, don’t be! They combine happy and emotional moments, which are good for both your mind and body. They help us laugh, feel empathy, and enjoy the holiday spirit. 1．What does the underlined word “transitory” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Short and quick. B．Real and deep. C．Thrilling and artistic. D．Emotional and strong. 2．Why does the author call holiday movies “guilty pleasures”? A．They show fake happiness. B．They avoid real problems. C．They are only about feelings. D．They are simple but enjoyable. 3．How does the familiarity of holiday movies affect viewers? A．It creates unrealistic holiday expectations. B．It helps to connect with shared memories. C．It encourages viewers to focus on meaning. D．It makes the predictable plots less attractive. 4．What does the author think of holiday movies? A．They rely on predictable plots. B．They lack creativity and depth. C．They focus on perfect holiday stories. D．They provide comfort and emotional value. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东深圳龙岗区·期末) Sports fans use their clothes and colors to show how much they love their team. “This behavior has much to do with honour,” said Jonathan Jensen, professor at the University of North Carolina. He and his colleagues found if a student’s football team won a game, it doubled the chance of the student wearing the team’s clothes, while a loss greatly reduced the possibility of wearing team clothes by more than half. Winning or losing not only changes how fans dress, but also how they talk about their connection with the team to show whose side they are on. Andrew Billings, director at the University of Alabama, used machine learning to analyze (分析) more than 7,000 social media posts during a major sporting event. They found that fans increased the use of first-person pronouns, saying how “we” won the day when their team scored or won. By comparison, the fans talked about how “they” did not perform well when their team was behind or lost. This behavior of fans shows how strongly they feel connected to their teams. Taking part in these shared experiences provides them with more opportunities to socialize, which can strengthen their relationships with others. As Jensen said, “When you interact (互动) with people, you feel more connected with them, and you also benefit from better mental health and are more likely to stay involved (投入).” However, there are potential drawbacks of becoming too involved in a sports team, especially when your connection with the team becomes stronger than the people around you. “We’ve heard cases where people have missed their son’s or daughter’s wedding because it was happening during an Alabama football game,” Billings said. “Sometimes when you put too many eggs in the sports basket, you are leaving your mood up to athletes or teams that you have no control over.” 1．What may a student post online for his team’s success according to paragraph 2? A．They are all the best! B．Look at our cute players. C．She could have done better! D．He is definitely a handsome guy. 2．What can we learn about being sports fans according to paragraph 3? A．It harms their mental health. B．It strengthens their sports skills. C．It influences their family relationships. D．It encourages their social connection. 3．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Differences. B．Benefits. C．Disadvantages. D．Responsibilities. 4．What is Billings’s attitude to over-involvement in a sports team? A．Negative. B．Confused. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·广东大湾区·期末) Have you ever thought that languages will die? It is thought that one language dies every two weeks. Linguists (语言学家) say there are “an extinct language” and “a dead language”. The former is the language that no longer exists due to there being no speakers or users, while the latter is the one that some people still use, even if there are no native speakers left. Latin is probably the most widely known dead language, which is still studied for academic (学术的) purposes but not used in daily life. There are also endangered languages, which are only spoken by a few elderly people. When they pass away, the language may disappear too. So, why do languages die? There are many reasons, such as evolution where languages change over time, genocide (种族灭绝) where people are killed along with their language, or when a stronger group forces its language on others. Sometimes, people stop using their language just because they mix with a larger group and adopt its language instead. For linguists, the loss of a language is a big deal. When a language dies, often the history, traditions and culture of the people who spoke it die too. This makes our understanding of the world less complete. Therefore, some linguists are working hard to prevent languages from dying, even though it’s a challenging task. There’s a successful example of a language being revived. The native language of the Isle of Man, called Manx, was once almost extinct. But with the support of the community, Manx is no longer a dead language. And for the endangered languages, there’s more hope. The remaining native speakers can help preserve the language before it dies out. Technology helps, too. For example, we can make recordings to digitally preserve dying languages so that when a language does die we still have the ability to keep it frozen in time. And that can make all the difference for future generations who want to learn the language of their ancestors or to dig deeper into their own history. 1．What is “an extinct language”? A．It is spoken by a few elderly people. B．It is only used for academic purposes. C．It is no longer spoken or used by anyone. D．It is still used but has no native speakers. 2．Why are some linguists trying to prevent a language from dying? A．Because they want to have a more peaceful world. B．Because they want to keep people who spoke it alive. C．Because losing a language would cost a big deal of money. D．Because a language’s disappearance would result in cultural loss. 3．How can technology help preserve endangered languages? A．By keeping endangered languages digitally. B．By teaching the young to dig into their own history. C．By helping remaining native speakers learn their languages. D．By encouraging younger generations to pick up their ancestors’ languages. 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A technology journal. C．A history magazine. D．A linguistics magazine. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·广东茂名高州·期末) Charterhouse School, a famous boarding school founded in 1611, made history recently by admitting girls for the first time. This change marks an important separation from the school’s tradition of being only for boys and reflects a broader trend (趋势) towards co-education in the UK. Head teacher Alex Peterken supports this move, believing that educating boys and girls together can reduce the influence of a male-leading culture. This move agrees with changes in education since the 1960s, when comprehensive schools, which are non-selective and promote equality, became more popular, leading to a decline in single-sex schools. Despite this trend, some still support single-sex education, arguing it allows students to focus without the distractions (注意力分散) of the opposite sex. Amanda Spielman, an education expert, defended girls’ schools, saying they help women succeed in a challenging world. A 2016 study by School Dash found single-sex schools might slightly improve girls’ results but not boys’. The trend towards co-educational schools is largely driven by a cultural change towards modern values that are against the outdated idea of gender-separated education. Students need to learn alongside kids of different genders to develop understanding and respect to adapt to a diverse (多样的) society. Parents, too, are seeking a more modern approach to education for their children, and they now examine school choices more carefully, seeking environments that are inclusive and reflect modern society. Charterhouse’s decision to go co-educational is part of a larger move in the UK towards comprehensive and co-educational schools. As education expert Alan Smithers points out, a widespread focus on equality means it becomes harder and harder to continue to hold the argument that children have to be separate to be equal. This change at Charterhouse shows a commitment to inclusivity and preparing students for a diverse future. 1．Why does the writer mention Charterhouse School in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To explain a tradition. C．To advertise the school. D．To propose a solution. 2．What is Spielman’s attitude toward co-education from Paragraph 3? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Hopeful. 3．What is the main reason for the move toward co-education? A．The choice of parents. B．The decision of schools. C．The policy of the government. D．The change of cultural values. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Charterhouse Admits Girls: A Return to an old Tradition B．Charterhouse’s Big Decision: Adapting to Modern Times C．Charterhouse Welcomes Girls: A Move toward Co-education D．Charterhouse’s Historic Change: Single-sex Education Arrives 主题06 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末) Light pollution is the human-made change of outdoor light levels from those that naturally exist. It is the presence of unwanted, unfit, or too much artificial (人造的) lighting. Light pollution can have a number of bad effects, damaging wildlife, reducing natural beauty, and even threatening human health. Despite a growing awareness (意识) of light pollution and its effects, and the increasing number of dark-sky places, the overall situation is getting worse. According to a 2023 study published in Science magazine, the number of stars visible (可见的) in the night sky decreased between 7-10% per year from 2011 to 2022. At that rate, a location that had 250 visible stars in 2011 would see a reduction to just 100 visible stars over a decade. This worsening of light pollution is mainly due to several factors. Along with population growth, people seek higher standards of living, which leads to more roads, houses, shopping malls, and street lighting. The type of lighting in use has also changed. LED lighting makes it very cheap to have more light and brighter light than ever before. Coupled with the wrong idea that more light is better, homeowners and property managers are rapidly increasing the number of light outdoors. Unlike environmental challenges like climate change, species extinction, and habitat destruction (破坏), which require significant top-down responses, meaningful action can be taken from the bottom up to address light pollution. That means that as much as governments can make rules to limit light pollution — countries like France, Slovenia, and Croatia already have laws to this effect — individual homeowners can make a difference by using light only where and when needed. They can also choose to use warm-white or yellow light instead of blue light. This aids night vision by all animals, including people. There’s also a global movement for “dark-sky places”, which have plans to limit light pollution and communicate with local people and companies to promote good outdoor lighting practices. Right now, there are more than 350 of these dark-sky places in the whole world. 1．Why are the numbers mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To explain the bad effects of light pollution. B．To draw attention to further space exploration. C．To introduce the rapid increase in visible stars. D．To stress the achievement in reducing light pollution. 2．What may be a cause of the increase in light pollution? A．Higher demands for safety. B．The growth of homeowners. C．More affordable LED lighting. D．The rise of green awareness. 3．What can we learn about “dark-sky places” from the last paragraph? A．The attention to it is limited. B．The impact of it is unexpected. C．It has gained worldwide support. D．It has improved the communication between companies. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of Dark-Sky Movements B．The Future of LED Lighting Technology C．The Economic Impact of Light Pollution D．The Growing Light Pollution and Its Solutions 主题07 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·广东江门·期末) Nowadays, everyone’s days are busy and fitting in physical activity is frequently overlooked. But a new study, published in Circulation, suggests that doing just five extra minutes of exercise each day can help lower blood pressure. High blood pressure is one of the biggest health issues globally, affecting 1.28 billion adults around the world. It can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure and many other health problems, which is often described as the “silent killer” due to its lack of symptoms(症状). Experts have long known that exercise is good for the heart. But researchers wanted to see whether even a tiny amount of additional exercise could make a difference. In the study, researchers collected health data from over 14,000 volunteers, to explore the relationship between daily physical activities and blood pressure levels. Each participant wore a device that recorded their movements throughout the day and then had their blood pressure measured. The average day of the participants consisted of sedentary activities like sitting, watching TV or using the computer, and more vigorous exercise such as running, cycling or stair climbing. Using this data, the researchers then estimated (估计) how changing those habits could change blood pressure. The results showed that adding five minutes of exercise can produce improvements in blood pressure. Replacing any less active behavior with five minutes of exercise per day, such as stair climbing, cycling, or running, could lower systolic (心脏收缩的) blood pressure (SBP) by 0.68 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and diastolic (舒张的) blood pressure (DBP) by 0.54mmHg 2. “Our findings suggest that, for most people, exercise is key to reducing blood pressure.” Dr. Jo Blodgett, the first author of the study, from UCL, said, “The good news is that whatever your physical ability, it doesn’t take long to have a positive effect on blood pressure.” According to Blodgett, adding five extra minutes is a double goal for most people, even with a busy schedule. Imagine just taking a five-minute walk or even stretching a bit more each day. By doing this, you’re improving your heart health without needing any major lifestyle changes. 1．Why is high blood pressure often called the “silent killer”? A．It has noticeable symptoms. B．It causes severe health issues. C．It affects most adults globally. D．It develops without symptoms. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The procedures of the research. B．The benefits of physical exercise. C．The causes of high blood pressure. D．The movements of the participants. 3．What’s Blodgett’s view on adding five minutes of exercise? A．Only possible for the active. B．Difficult for those volunteers. C．Achievable for most people. D．Not beneficial for heart health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Benefits of Different Types of Daily Activities B．The Growing Global Problem of High Blood Pressure C．Daily Exercise Completely Improves High Blood Pressure D．Five Extra Minutes of Daily Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure Passage 2 (24-25高一上·广东肇庆·期末) It is common knowledge that doing sports can do wonders for our minds. When you exercise, your body lets out feel-good chemicals and produces more energy, which can make you feel stronger about yourself and more confident to take on any challenges in life. But could there be such a thing as overdoing it? According to a new study from Nevada University, you don’t have to push yourself or feel the burn to get benefits from exercise, because too much workout may actually backfire and do harm to mental health as well as your memory. The researchers asked 113 people to share their exercise records, take memory tests and answer questions about their mental health. With careful examinations of average heart rates, step counts, and the time spent in exercising each week, they saw connections between exercise and mental health as well as memory. It turned out that those who did exercise gently not only got better results in memory tests, but also felt a decrease in anxiety and the blues. Julie Rosalie, lead researcher in the study, explains, “Too much exercise is a form of stress in itself. It can actually keep you nervous and therefore do more harm than good to a healthy mind.” Besides, Rosalie also reminds us of the dark side of over-exercising, like exercise addiction, which can lead to physical injuries and mental issues. “Just try to be a little more physically active than you are now, and it could mean just doing stretches or going for walks with friends. You could build on this and increase the duration or bring in more variety and make it fun,” she says “We all have our own unique needs, strengths, and challenges, and it is worthwhile to take a personalized approach to exercise, which helps calm the mind and improve our brainpower.” 1．What is the common belief about doing sports? A．It makes us overconfident. B．It causes challenges in life. C．It removes some chemicals. D．It can do good to our minds. 2．What does the underlined word “backfire” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Making no difference. B．Adding fuel to the fire. C．Having the opposite effect. D．Bringing long-term benefits. 3．How did Julie Rosalie’s research team arrive at their findings? A．By putting down weekly records. B．By studying careful examinations. C．By sharing with other research groups. D．By coming up with different questions. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Over-exercising may have negative effects. B．Being physically active can lead to injuries. C．Doing exercise does good to a healthy mind. D．We should increase the times of doing sports. 主题08 人与社会——人物介绍 (24-25高一上·广东湛江·期末) Whenever visiting a museum, in addition to appreciating the wisdom in these historical books, Song Jing also focuses on how they are bound (装帧) and presented. This “book doctor” has been working in the restoration (修复) department for ancient books for eight years. After finishing studies course at Peking University in 2015, she has been worked in restoring more than 100 ancient cultural relics. At the moment, Song is working on restoring a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia created in 1408 in the Ming Dynasty. Accepting the challenge, Song and her colleagues spent six months researching and deciding on how to repair the books. “Most books from Yongle Dadian have suffered damage to their original binding,” Song said. “To restore them to their original form, we need to gather information from various sources,” she explained. In the past, restorers had to rely on their experience to choose the suitable materials to use. As technology has improved, they can use a new method through microscopes. However, technology can only help so much, as restoration still needs necessary hand-on skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding. The restoration also requires strong control when brushing the paper. “If the pressure is not controlled well during the brushing process, the paper may tear, but if the touch is too light, the paper won’t stay,” Song explained. Because of the tough and complex process, the ancient books restoration technique of the national library was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. “I am glad that I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong love in the field of cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 1．What does Song Jing do as a “book doctor”? A．Repairs old books. B．Writes historical books. C．Appreciates cultural heritage. D．Collects information about historical events. 2．What can we learn about Yongle Dadian from paragraph 2? A．It is not in good shape. B．It is a music book of Ming Dynasty. C．Its restoration work has been finished. D．It takes about six months to repair the books. 3．Which of the following words best describe Song Jing? A．Patient and outgoing. B．Devoted and skillful. C．Generous and curious. D．Smart and warm-hearted. 4．What does Song think of her job according to the last paragraph? A．Tough. B．Boring. C．Well-paid. D．Meaningful. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $