专题02 语法填空（期末真题汇编，北京专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 语法填空 主题01 人与社会——社会 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市房山区·期末） Etenesh Diro had almost completed two thirds of the 3000 m steeplechase, when disaster struck. She got tangled up with some other competitors. It made her fall. Her right shoe started to come off. But 1 (try) to pull the shoe back on cost her precious time. So she 2 (throw) the shoe away. She ran the rest of the race 3 just one shoe on. It raised a big cheer for her. Luckily, she 4 (give) a chance to compete in the final later. Losing a shoe didn’t keep her from taking part. This is the true spirit of sport. 【答案】1．trying 2．threw 3．with 4．was given 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了运动员Etenesh Diro在3000米障碍赛中经历意外但仍坚持比赛的故事，体现了体育精神。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是试图把鞋子重新穿上浪费了她宝贵的时间。空白处在句子中作主语，应使用动名词，故填trying。 2．考查动词时态。句意：因此她把鞋子扔掉了。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，故填threw。 3．考查介词。句意：她穿着一只鞋跑完了剩下的比赛。设空处与下文构成with的复合结构，描述一种伴随状态，故填with。 4．考查被动语态。句意：幸运的是，她后来得到了参加决赛的机会。谓语动词give与主语she之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，因句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语she为单数，故填was given。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） By the end of 2024, China had planted in the region of 300 million trees in urban areas, 1 (account) for over 25 percent of the nation’s reforestation goals. The number of trees planted 2 (increase) by nearly 50 million compared to 2023. Nowadays, reforestation efforts are playing a 3 (great) role than ever in tackling air pollution. This spring alone, over 100,000 community planting 4 (activity) will be held nationwide, engaging millions of volunteers. 【答案】1．accounting 2．had increased 3．greater 4．activities 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国在城市化区域植树造林的相关情况，包括植树数量、与往年的对比以及植树造林活动对空气污染治理的积极作用等。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：到2024年底，中国在城市地区种植了3亿棵树，占全国造林目标的25%以上。本句已有谓语动词，所以account用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语China had planted in the region of 300 million trees in urban areas之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填accounting。 2．考查动词时态。句意：与2023年相比，种植的树木数量增加了近5000万棵。increase作本句谓语，根据之前的时间状语By the end of 2024，表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，用过去完成时。故填had increased。 3．考查形容词。句意：如今，在解决空气污染问题上，植树造林的努力比以往任何时候都发挥着更大的作用。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据后文的than可知，用形容词比较级形式。故填greater。 4．考查名词。句意：仅今年春天，全国将举行10万多场社区种植活动，吸引数百万志愿者。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，activity意为“活动”为可数名词，根据over 100,000可知，用复数形式。故填activities。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市东城区·期末） Wang Yongzhi, a pioneer of China’s manned space program, was awarded the Medal of the Republic 1 September 29th, 2024. In 1986, as head of the general design department, Wang guided the design of the Long March rocket and also played a leading role in Project 863, 2 was a national high-tech project. He and his colleagues carried out over 300 large ground tests, and 3 (overcome) 20 technical challenges. Finally, the Long March-2E made its successful flight. Wang passed away in 2024. 4 he left to us were hundreds of notebooks and more than a dozen pieces of oral histories about his work. 【答案】1．on 2．which 3．overcame 4．What 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国载人航天事业的先驱王永志的生平事迹。 1．考查介词。句意：2024年9月29日，中国载人航天事业的先驱王永志被授予中华人民共和国勋章。具体日期前用介词on。故填on。 2．考查定语从句。句意：1986年，作为总设计部主任，他指导了长征火箭的设计，并在国家高新技术项目863工程中发挥了主导作用。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Project 863，指事物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查动词时态。句意：他和他的同事们进行了300多次大型地面试验，克服了20项技术挑战。根据前文carried可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填overcame。 4．考查名词性从句。句意：他留给我们的是数百本笔记本和十几篇关于他工作的口述历史。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事”，应用连接代词what引导。位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） Driving to Palm Springs two years ago, I met a snowstorm. A car suddenly changed the direction 1 (avoid) hitting mine and drifted (漂移) towards the side of the cliff. Meanwhile, some drivers 2 (sit) in different cars rushed out. They 3 (take) off the chains that had protected their own tyres and put them on that car’s tyres 4 (rapid). Just as the car was about to be lost off the cliff, those drivers stepped up, letting their kind hearts go beyond the snowstorm. 【答案】1．to avoid 2．sitting 3．took 4．rapidly 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开车去棕榈泉的途中，有车陷入困境，大家齐心帮忙的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一辆汽车突然改变方向以避免撞上我的车，并向悬崖边漂移。动词avoid意为“避免”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为changed，故本空作非谓语动词，结合语意，汽车突然改变方向是为了避免撞上作者的车，空处应填不定式形式to avoid，作目的状语。故答案为to avoid。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，一些坐在不同车里的司机冲了出来。动词sit意为“坐”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为rushed out，故本空作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语drivers之间是主动关系，应填现在分词sitting，作定语，修饰名词drivers。故答案为sitting。 3．考查时态。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。结合句意和空后的had protected可知，事情发生在过去，故主句用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式took。故答案为took。 4．考查副词。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词rapidly“迅速地”，作状语，修饰动词put。故答案为rapidly。 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） A city walk is a form of urban tourism with a strong emphasis on digging into the city’s history, culture and landscapes. City walkers are likely to choose a route and move on foot randomly (随机地), 1 (seek) out interactions with locals on their way. The appeal of a city walk lies in many aspects. Most 2 (obvious), the young generation gradually changes 3 (they) attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while they are occupied with demanding workloads, with limited time for exploration. 【答案】1．seeking 2．obviously 3．their 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是城市漫步以及它具有吸引力的原因。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：城市漫步者可能会选择一条路线，并随机步行，在他们的途中寻找与当地人的互动。空格处应该用非谓语形式作状语，动词seek与句子的主语city walkers之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词形式seeking作状语。故填seeking。 2．考查副词。句意：最明显的是，年轻一代逐渐改变了他们的生活态度，他们追求高质量的休闲时间，而他们忙于繁重的工作，探索的时间有限。空格处作状语，修饰下文的句子应该用副词形式obviously。故填obviously。 3．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：最明显的是，年轻一代逐渐改变了他们的生活态度，他们追求高质量的休闲时间，而他们忙于繁重的工作，探索的时间有限。空格处作定语，修饰下文的名词attitude，应该用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市房山区·期末） The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge 1 (build) over permafrost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. Thirty-three passages have been constructed under the railway to allow the animals 2 (move) safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem 3 (total) unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour. 【答案】1．built 2．to move 3．totally 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了在清水河大桥飞驰而过时看到的情景。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先映入眼帘的是壮丽的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥梁。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the world’s longest bridge，the world’s longest bridge和build为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填built。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：铁路下面修建了33条通道，让动物们在自然栖息地安全、自由地活动。“allow sb./sth. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“允许某人/某物做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式 to move作宾语补足语。故填to move。 3．考查副词。句意：他们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。此处修饰形容词“unaware”，应该用副词形式，total的副词是totally，意为“完全地”，所以填 totally，“totally unaware”表示“完全没有察觉到”。故填totally。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Chocolate fans will soon be able to create Willy Wonka-style rooms in their house, using a newly 1 (develop) chocolate paint. The spreadable “chocolate paint” uses real chocolate. It has been created by paint technicians in Scotland and it can be thinned down by mixing with water. People who choose 2 (decorate) their walls with the paint will need to re-do them regularly because the chocolate 3 (natural) fades over time as it reacts with oxygen in the air. 【答案】1．developed 2．to decorate 3．naturally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型巧克力漆的发明及其特性。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：巧克力爱好者很快就能用新开发的巧克力漆在家里打造出威利·旺卡风格的房间。本句谓语为will be able to，此处为非谓语动词，且chocolate paint与develop“研制”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填developed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：选择用这种油漆装饰墙壁的人需要定期重新粉刷，因为随着时间的推移，巧克力会自然褪色，因为它会与空气中的氧气发生反应。choose to do sth意为“选择做某事”，是固定搭配，所以本空用动词decorate“装饰”的不定式to decorate，作宾语。故填to decorate。 3．考查副词。句意：选择用这种油漆装饰墙壁的人需要定期重新粉刷，因为随着时间的推移，巧克力会自然褪色，因为它会与空气中的氧气发生反应。本空修饰动词fades，作状语，用副词naturally“自然地”。故填naturally。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. We are special clowns 1 work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid. Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren’t really designed 2 children. When I was there, I spent much of the time 3 (feel) frightened and more than a little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. 【答案】1．who/that 2．for 3．feeling 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要叙述了作者因儿时的就医体验而选择当小丑医生的经历，这让作者可以通过娱乐帮助他人。 1．考查定语从句。句意：我们是特殊的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的一部分。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clowns，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。故填who/that。 2．考查介词。句意：虽然医生和护士做得很好，但医院并不是为儿童设计的。be designed for是固定短语，表示“为……而设计”。故填for。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在那里的时候，我很多时间都感到害怕和有点无聊！spend time doing sth.是固定用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，空处用feel的动名词形式。故填feeling。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·北京市海淀区·期末） By the time Sullivan completed her degree, she had been ready for her first teaching job. Her passion for education was 1 made her a natural fit for the profession. While she was organizing her lesson plans, she reflected on how much she 2 (learn) during her studies. She knew teaching was not just about giving knowledge, but about inspiring others to learn. Each student was different with unique strengths and she aimed to discover their potential. She believed that 3 patience and creativity, teachers could give students the confidence to succeed in their studies. 【答案】1．what 2．had learnt/had learned 3．with 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙利文对于教学工作的热情和看法。 1．考查表语从句。句意：她对教育的热情使她天生适合这个职业。此处引导表语从句，从句中“made”缺少主语，结合语境，此处表示“她对教育的热情是使她自然适合这个职业的东西”，所以用连接代词“what”引导表语从句并在从句中作主语。故填what。 2．考查动词时态。句意：当她在组织课程计划时，她在思考她在学习中学到了多少。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及动词“reflected”可知，“学习”这个动作发生在“反思”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”，“learn”的过去分词是“learned/learnt”。故填had learnt/learned。 3．考查介词。句意：她相信，只要有耐心和创造力，老师就能给学生信心，让他们在学业上取得成功。此处表示“有了耐心和创造力”，介词“with”表示“具有，带有”，符合语境。故填with。 主题04 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties, 1 (contribute) to the advancement of agricultural science. This process exposes seeds to cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射), which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first experiment in August 1987, the country 2 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space using satellites and spacecraft, 3 resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties, including grains, vegetables and fruits. 【答案】1．contributing 2．has sent 3．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国通过太空育种培育新作物品种。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过将种子送入太空进行短途旅行，中国正在培育新的作物品种，为农业科学的发展做出贡献。本句中已有谓语is developing，所以contribute“贡献”应用非谓语形式，且contribute与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，作状语。故填contributing。 2．考查时态。句意：自1987年8月中国首次进行实验以来，中国已经使用卫星和航天器将数千种植物的种子送入太空，这导致了近1000个新植物品种的培育，包括谷物、蔬菜和水果。根据时间状语Since China’s first experiment in August 1987可知，send“发送”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时have/has done，又因主语the country是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has sent。 3．考查定语从句。句意：自1987年8月中国首次进行实验以来，中国已经使用卫星和航天器将数千种植物的种子送入太空，这导致了近1000个新植物品种的培育，包括谷物、蔬菜和水果。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句内容讲的事情，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 主题01 人与社会——社会 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Over the past several decades, many different benefits of humor 1 (explore). Few people know that humor plays an important role in social interactions with peers, and ultimately in school success. School entry is the time 2 parents fade into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being bullied, while the use of self-disparaging (自贬的) humour leads to a 3 (high) likelihood of being bullied. 【答案】1．have been explored 2．when 3．higher 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里，幽默探索带来了许多不同的好处。 1．考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多不同的幽默的好处已经被探索。此处作谓语动词，与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由Over the past several decades可知，应用现在完成时，主语many different benefits of humor是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been explored。 2．考查定语从句。句意：入学是父母逐渐退居幕后的时期，与同龄人的社会交往变得越来越重要。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：使用被社会接受的幽默会降低被欺负的可能性，而使用自我贬低的幽默则会增加被欺负的可能性。根据句意以及前面a lower likelihood和连词while可知，此处为形容词比较级形式higher“更高的”，和前面的lower形成对比。故填higher。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Many people feel they 1 (catch) in the irresistible overuse of their smart phones. A 2 (grow) body of evidence shows that the more time a person 3 (spend) consuming digital media each day, the more likely they are to struggle with depression and anxiety. What do we know about 4 phones affect our day-to-day social interactions? It’s a complicated question because it’s not just about smartphone use, it’s about what you are doing in your life and where your focus is. 【答案】1．are caught 2．growing 3．spends 4．how 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了证据表明，一个人每天花在数字媒体上的时间越长，就越有可能患上抑郁和焦虑。 1．考查固定短语。句意：许多人都觉得自己无法抗拒地过度使用智能手机。短语be caught in表示“陷入”，根据feel可知宾语从句的时态也是一般现在时，主语为they，谓语用复数。故填are caught。 2．考查形容词。句意：越来越多的证据表明，一个人每天花在数字媒体上的时间越长，就越有可能患上抑郁和焦虑。修饰名词body用形容词growing“增长的”。故填growing。 3．考查时态。句意：越来越多的证据表明，一个人每天花在数字媒体上的时间越长，就越有可能患上抑郁和焦虑。根据上文shows和后文的are可知that引导的宾语从句的时态也为一般现在时，主语为person，谓语用三单形式。故填spends。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：我们对手机如何影响我们的日常社交互动了解多少？空格处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Every year ahead of the arrival of Lunar New Year, China Philately (集邮) published stamps and 1 (culture) products as a festive warm-up. The collection, 2 (launch) over the weekend in Shanghai, includes notebooks, postcards, stamps to celebrate the coming Year of the Snake, 3 begins on Jan 29. Harry Potter fans can also purchase movie-themed products relating to snakes. This is a truly dreamlike combination of Chinese and Western culture. 【答案】1．cultural 2．launched 3．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国集邮协会都会发行邮票和文化产品来庆祝农历的蛇年。 1．考查形容词。句意：每年农历新年到来之前，中国集邮协会都会发行邮票和文化产品，作为节日的预热活动。此处修饰名词products，应用形容词cultural“文化的”，作定语。故填cultural。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：该系列于上周末在上海推出，包括笔记本、明信片和邮票，以庆祝即将到来的蛇年(1月29日开始)。此处launch与collection构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填launched。 3．考查定语从句。句意：该系列于上周末在上海推出，包括笔记本、明信片和邮票，以庆祝即将到来的蛇年(1月29日开始)。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the coming Year of the Snake，关系词在从句作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Go to kindergarten, elementary school, high school, and finally, college. Most American kids 1 (expect) by their parents to get an education and have a good life. For Tara Westover, the outlook was quite different. 2 (raise) in a poor family in Idaho, Tara was not allowed to have a proper education. Her father 3 (keep) her out of school, believing a woman’s best place was in the home. How did Tara fight 4 the right to get educated? Find the answer in the bestseller Educated. 【答案】1．are expected 2．Raised 3．kept 4．for 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于Tara Westover来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“and have a good life”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“most American kids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用are expected，故填expected。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。 3．考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。 4．考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fight for“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填for。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） Last summer, I attended a music workshop in Canada to improve my violin skills. There, I met a girl 1 (name) Lily, who was passionate about classical music. Lily’s favourite musician was Itzhak Perlman, 2 performed with bands around the world. Perlman had polio (小儿麻痹症) as a child, 3 made it challenging for him to move around, but he became a famous violinist. Lily looked up to Perlman as her inspiration. She once said, “If Perlman could overcome challenges, why can’t I?” 【答案】1．named 2．who 3．which 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在加拿大音乐工作坊遇见了热爱古典音乐的女孩Lily，Lily以小儿麻痹症患者、著名小提琴家Perlman为榜样，希望能够克服困难，取得成功。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，我遇到了一个名叫莉莉的女孩，她对古典音乐充满热情。句中已有谓语met，空处作非谓语动词，name与逻辑主语girl之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式named作后置定语。故填named。 2．考查定语从句。句意：莉莉最喜欢的音乐家是Itzhak Perlman，他曾与世界各地的乐队合作演出。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Perlman，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 3．考查定语从句。句意：Perlman小时候患有小儿麻痹症，这让他很难四处走动，但他成为了一名著名的小提琴手。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） People have always been scared of sharks, but the film Jaws made things 1 (bad). Many people who saw the film began to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people 2 (start) fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. Soon the film writer admitted that his work was wrong about sharks’ behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said. Over the years, experts 3 (prove) that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people 4 (kill) by sharks every year. 【答案】1．worse 2．started 3．have proved/have proven 4．are killed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了电影《大白鲨》使人们对鲨鱼的恐惧加剧，后来电影作家承认描述有误，多年来专家也证明鲨鱼并非把人当食物，只是误攻击人类。 1．考查比较级。句意：人们一直都很害怕鲨鱼，但电影《大白鲨》让情况变得更糟。空处作宾语补足语，结合“People have always been scared of sharks”和下文叙述的人们对鲨鱼展开了大肆捕杀可知，这部电影是让情况变得“更糟”，空处应用bad的比较级形式。故填worse。 2．考查动词时态。句意：许多看了这部电影的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。空处作句子的谓语，结合前后句内容可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填started。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们会错误地攻击我们。空处作句子的谓语，根据“Over the years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，主语experts是复数，助动词应用have。故填have proved/proven。 4．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每年只有大约6人被鲨鱼杀死。空处作句子的谓语，根据“every year”可知，此处在描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，kill“杀死”和主语Only around six people之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数意义，be动词应用are。故填are killed。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） Your family shapes the way you approach your lifestyle choices. If you have family members who 1 (be) wellness-focused or prioritise fitness, it can feel like you’re expected 2 (follow) them as an example. For young people today, media coverage on health makes the pressure even more significant. Your family might frequently discuss their diet and exercise routines, making it easier for you to compare your habits to 3 (they). 【答案】1．are 2．to follow 3．theirs 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了家庭环境对个人健康习惯的影响。 1．考查动词时态。句意：如果你有以健康为重点或优先考虑健身的家庭成员，你可能会觉得你应该以他们为榜样。根据句中have可知，句子使用一般现在时，定语从句中，主语who指代先行词family members，为复数，be动词使用are。故填are。 2．考查不定式。句意：如果你有以健康为重点或优先考虑健身的家庭成员，你可能会觉得你应该以他们为榜样。be expected to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“被期待做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to follow。 3．考查代词。句意：你的家人可能会经常讨论他们的饮食和锻炼习惯，让你更容易将自己的习惯与他们的习惯进行比较。结合语意可知，此处表示将自己的习惯与他们的习惯进行比较，空处应用名词性物主代词theirs，表示他们的习惯。故填theirs。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市东城区·期末） We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. When used 2 (appropriate), body language serves as a powerful tool to build trust between people. Therefore, it is essential to know the cultural differences in body language. For example, in China, 3 (make) eye contact when talking with someone is a way to display respect. However, in some Middle Eastern countries, it is impolite. Knowing these, we can avoid 4 (cause) misunderstandings and conflict, and use body language more effectively. 【答案】1．varies 2．appropriately 3．making 4．causing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了肢体语言在人际交往中的重要性，以及肢体语言因文化差异而存在的不同。 1．考查动词时态。句意：就像口头语言一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，且主语“body language”为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式varies。故填varies。 2．考查副词。句意：当使用得当时，肢体语言是建立人与人之间信任的有力工具。修饰动词used需用副词appropriately，作状语。故填appropriately。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在中国，与人交谈时保持眼神交流是一种表示尊重的方式。空处作主语，需用动名词形式。故填making。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：了解这些差异，我们可以避免造成误解和冲突，并更有效地使用肢体语言。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“避免做某事”。故填causing。 主题04 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） A young supercycler Aleksandr, who is 11 years old, has raised more than £4,000 1 charity after cycling 217 miles through Switzerland’s mountains. He 2 (inspire) to take on this challenge after a recent trip to South Africa with his family, where he saw 3 less fortunate people lived. Aleksandr’s money will go towards World Vision UK, a charity that supports children around the world. He said that the cycle was full of 4 (difficulty) but he wanted to help improve the lives of other children. 【答案】1．for 2．was inspired 3．how 4．difficulties 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁少年Aleksandr骑行助力慈善的故事。 1．考查介词。句意：11岁的年轻自行车高手Aleksandr在骑行穿过瑞士山脉217英里后，为慈善机构筹集了4000多英镑。根据空前raised和空后charity可知，空处需用介词for，构成固定短语raise money for...，意为“为……筹集资金”。故填for。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：在与家人最近的一次南非之旅后，Aleksandr受到启发，接受了这项挑战，在那里他看到了那些不太幸运的人是如何生活的。根据空前He可知，空处需填谓语动词，且用第三人称单数形式，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时；主语He为单数，与动词inspire之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，填was inspired。故填was inspired。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：在与家人最近的一次南非之旅后，Aleksandr受到启发，接受了这项挑战，在那里他看到了那些不太幸运的人是如何生活的。设空处引导名词性从句作saw宾语，在从句中作方式状语，用连接副词how，表示“如何，怎样”。故填how。 4．考查名词复数。句意：他说，这次骑行充满了困难，但他想帮助改善其他孩子的生活。根据空前of可知，空处需填名词，作宾语，此处表示泛指，且difficulty为可数名词，所以用其复数形式difficulties。故填difficulties。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Dom Pecora taught himself to fix bikes by watching videos 1 he was a little kid. Afterwards, he started doing repairs to raise money for his dream mountain bike and even 2 (decide) to surprise six other kids with brand-new bikes. His biggest goal now is 3 (give) away 100 bikes or more per year to people who are suffering from health issues or dealing with homelessness. 【答案】1．when 2．decided 3．to give 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dom Pecora自学修自行车实现梦想后，决心做慈善事业的故事。 1．考查时间状语从句。句意：Dom Pecora小时候通过看视频自学修自行车。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，应用when。故填when。 2．考查动词时态。句意：后来，他开始修理自己的山地车，为他梦想中的山地车筹集资金，甚至决定用全新的自行车给其他六个孩子一个惊喜。此处作谓语动词，根据上文started可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填decided。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他现在最大的目标是每年向患有健康问题或无家可归的人赠送100辆或更多的自行车。此处说明主语的内容，应用不定式，作表语。故填to give。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市海淀区·期末） Humor is considered one of the most powerful tools in human interaction. When people laugh together, it breaks down 1 (barrier) and creates connections that might otherwise never form. Moreover, as a universal language, humor goes beyond cultural and linguistic differences, 2 allows individuals to connect on a deeper level. A new study 3 (show) that humor not only improves mental health but also strengthens social bonds. It is said that laughter is the best medicine. That is why humor can make even the most stressful situations seem lighter when 4 (use) effectively. 【答案】1．barriers 2．which 3．shows//has shown 4．used 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幽默被认为是人际交往中最有力的工具之一。 1．考查名词复数形式。句意：当人们一起笑时，它打破了障碍，创造了可能永远不会形成的联系。“barrier”是可数名词，根据语境“it breaks down 　　　　(barrier)”，此处表示打破多种障碍，应用复数形式“barriers”。故填barriers。 2．考查定语从句。句意：此外，作为一种通用语言，幽默超越了文化和语言的差异，它可以让个人在更深层次上联系起来。分析句子可，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查动词时态。句意：一项新的研究表明，幽默不仅能改善心理健康，还能加强社会联系。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据从句动词improves和strengthens可知，此处应为一般现在时，也可为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响，主语A new study为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。。故填shows/ has shown。 4．考查状语从句的省略。句意：这就是为什么幽默如果运用得当，即使是最紧张的情况也会显得轻松一些。根据句子“That is why humor can make even the most stressful situations seem lighter when 　　　　(use) effectively.”，可知此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略用法，“when”引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语“humor”和be动词“is”，“humor”与 “use” 之间是被动关系，即“humor is used”，所以用过去分词“used”。故填used。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空 主题01 人与社会——社会 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市房山区·期末） Etenesh Diro had almost completed two thirds of the 3000 m steeplechase, when disaster struck. She got tangled up with some other competitors. It made her fall. Her right shoe started to come off. But 1 (try) to pull the shoe back on cost her precious time. So she 2 (throw) the shoe away. She ran the rest of the race 3 just one shoe on. It raised a big cheer for her. Luckily, she 4 (give) a chance to compete in the final later. Losing a shoe didn’t keep her from taking part. This is the true spirit of sport. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） By the end of 2024, China had planted in the region of 300 million trees in urban areas, 1 (account) for over 25 percent of the nation’s reforestation goals. The number of trees planted 2 (increase) by nearly 50 million compared to 2023. Nowadays, reforestation efforts are playing a 3 (great) role than ever in tackling air pollution. This spring alone, over 100,000 community planting 4 (activity) will be held nationwide, engaging millions of volunteers. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市东城区·期末） Wang Yongzhi, a pioneer of China’s manned space program, was awarded the Medal of the Republic 1 September 29th, 2024. In 1986, as head of the general design department, Wang guided the design of the Long March rocket and also played a leading role in Project 863, 2 was a national high-tech project. He and his colleagues carried out over 300 large ground tests, and 3 (overcome) 20 technical challenges. Finally, the Long March-2E made its successful flight. Wang passed away in 2024. 4 he left to us were hundreds of notebooks and more than a dozen pieces of oral histories about his work. Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） Driving to Palm Springs two years ago, I met a snowstorm. A car suddenly changed the direction 1 (avoid) hitting mine and drifted (漂移) towards the side of the cliff. Meanwhile, some drivers 2 (sit) in different cars rushed out. They 3 (take) off the chains that had protected their own tyres and put them on that car’s tyres 4 (rapid). Just as the car was about to be lost off the cliff, those drivers stepped up, letting their kind hearts go beyond the snowstorm. 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） A city walk is a form of urban tourism with a strong emphasis on digging into the city’s history, culture and landscapes. City walkers are likely to choose a route and move on foot randomly (随机地), 1 (seek) out interactions with locals on their way. The appeal of a city walk lies in many aspects. Most 2 (obvious), the young generation gradually changes 3 (they) attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while they are occupied with demanding workloads, with limited time for exploration. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市房山区·期末） The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge 1 (build) over permafrost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. Thirty-three passages have been constructed under the railway to allow the animals 2 (move) safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem 3 (total) unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Chocolate fans will soon be able to create Willy Wonka-style rooms in their house, using a newly 1 (develop) chocolate paint. The spreadable “chocolate paint” uses real chocolate. It has been created by paint technicians in Scotland and it can be thinned down by mixing with water. People who choose 2 (decorate) their walls with the paint will need to re-do them regularly because the chocolate 3 (natural) fades over time as it reacts with oxygen in the air. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. We are special clowns 1 work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid. Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren’t really designed 2 children. When I was there, I spent much of the time 3 (feel) frightened and more than a little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·北京市海淀区·期末） By the time Sullivan completed her degree, she had been ready for her first teaching job. Her passion for education was 1 made her a natural fit for the profession. While she was organizing her lesson plans, she reflected on how much she 2 (learn) during her studies. She knew teaching was not just about giving knowledge, but about inspiring others to learn. Each student was different with unique strengths and she aimed to discover their potential. She believed that 3 patience and creativity, teachers could give students the confidence to succeed in their studies. 主题04 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties, 1 (contribute) to the advancement of agricultural science. This process exposes seeds to cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射), which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first experiment in August 1987, the country 2 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space using satellites and spacecraft, 3 resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties, including grains, vegetables and fruits. 主题01 人与社会——社会 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Over the past several decades, many different benefits of humor 1 (explore). Few people know that humor plays an important role in social interactions with peers, and ultimately in school success. School entry is the time 2 parents fade into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being bullied, while the use of self-disparaging (自贬的) humour leads to a 3 (high) likelihood of being bullied. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Many people feel they 1 (catch) in the irresistible overuse of their smart phones. A 2 (grow) body of evidence shows that the more time a person 3 (spend) consuming digital media each day, the more likely they are to struggle with depression and anxiety. What do we know about 4 phones affect our day-to-day social interactions? It’s a complicated question because it’s not just about smartphone use, it’s about what you are doing in your life and where your focus is. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Every year ahead of the arrival of Lunar New Year, China Philately (集邮) published stamps and 1 (culture) products as a festive warm-up. The collection, 2 (launch) over the weekend in Shanghai, includes notebooks, postcards, stamps to celebrate the coming Year of the Snake, 3 begins on Jan 29. Harry Potter fans can also purchase movie-themed products relating to snakes. This is a truly dreamlike combination of Chinese and Western culture. Passage 4 （23-24学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） Go to kindergarten, elementary school, high school, and finally, college. Most American kids 1 (expect) by their parents to get an education and have a good life. For Tara Westover, the outlook was quite different. 2 (raise) in a poor family in Idaho, Tara was not allowed to have a proper education. Her father 3 (keep) her out of school, believing a woman’s best place was in the home. How did Tara fight 4 the right to get educated? Find the answer in the bestseller Educated. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） Last summer, I attended a music workshop in Canada to improve my violin skills. There, I met a girl 1 (name) Lily, who was passionate about classical music. Lily’s favourite musician was Itzhak Perlman, 2 performed with bands around the world. Perlman had polio (小儿麻痹症) as a child, 3 made it challenging for him to move around, but he became a famous violinist. Lily looked up to Perlman as her inspiration. She once said, “If Perlman could overcome challenges, why can’t I?” 主题02 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市通州区·期末） People have always been scared of sharks, but the film Jaws made things 1 (bad). Many people who saw the film began to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people 2 (start) fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. Soon the film writer admitted that his work was wrong about sharks’ behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said. Over the years, experts 3 (prove) that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people 4 (kill) by sharks every year. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市石景山区·期末） Your family shapes the way you approach your lifestyle choices. If you have family members who 1 (be) wellness-focused or prioritise fitness, it can feel like you’re expected 2 (follow) them as an example. For young people today, media coverage on health makes the pressure even more significant. Your family might frequently discuss their diet and exercise routines, making it easier for you to compare your habits to 3 (they). Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市东城区·期末） We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. When used 2 (appropriate), body language serves as a powerful tool to build trust between people. Therefore, it is essential to know the cultural differences in body language. For example, in China, 3 (make) eye contact when talking with someone is a way to display respect. However, in some Middle Eastern countries, it is impolite. Knowing these, we can avoid 4 (cause) misunderstandings and conflict, and use body language more effectively. 主题04 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·北京市丰台区·期末） A young supercycler Aleksandr, who is 11 years old, has raised more than £4,000 1 charity after cycling 217 miles through Switzerland’s mountains. He 2 (inspire) to take on this challenge after a recent trip to South Africa with his family, where he saw 3 less fortunate people lived. Aleksandr’s money will go towards World Vision UK, a charity that supports children around the world. He said that the cycle was full of 4 (difficulty) but he wanted to help improve the lives of other children. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·北京市大兴区·期末） Dom Pecora taught himself to fix bikes by watching videos 1 he was a little kid. Afterwards, he started doing repairs to raise money for his dream mountain bike and even 2 (decide) to surprise six other kids with brand-new bikes. His biggest goal now is 3 (give) away 100 bikes or more per year to people who are suffering from health issues or dealing with homelessness. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·北京市海淀区·期末） Humor is considered one of the most powerful tools in human interaction. When people laugh together, it breaks down 1 (barrier) and creates connections that might otherwise never form. Moreover, as a universal language, humor goes beyond cultural and linguistic differences, 2 allows individuals to connect on a deeper level. A new study 3 (show) that humor not only improves mental health but also strengthens social bonds. It is said that laughter is the best medicine. That is why humor can make even the most stressful situations seem lighter when 4 (use) effectively. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $