内容正文:
译林版 选必4 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
barely adv. 刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才
无比较级/最高级
无
1. barely able to(勉强能)2. barely know(几乎不认识)
He barely passed the final exam with a score of 61.(他以61分勉强通过了期末考试。)
2
cigar n. 雪茄烟
复数:cigars
无
1. smoke a cigar(抽雪茄)2. a box of cigars(一盒雪茄)
His grandfather used to smoke a cigar after dinner.(他爷爷过去晚饭后会抽一支雪茄。)
3
appointment n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务
复数:appointments
appoint vt. 任命;委派
1. make an appointment(预约)2. job appointment(任职任命)
I have a doctor’s appointment at 3 this afternoon.(我今天下午3点有医生预约。)
4
tear down 拆毁,拆除
无词形变化
无
1. tear down old buildings(拆毁旧建筑)2. tear down walls(拆除墙壁)
The city plans to tear down the abandoned factory.(市政府计划拆毁这座废弃工厂。)
5
keen adj. 灵敏的,敏锐的;渴望,热切,热衷于
比较级:keener;最高级:keenest
keenly adv. 敏锐地;keenness n. 热衷
1. be keen on(热衷于)2. keen sense(敏锐的感觉)
She is keen on painting and practices every weekend.(她热衷于绘画,每周都练习。)
6
jaw n. 下巴,颌
复数:jaws
jawbone n. 颌骨;jawline n. 下颌线
1. lower jaw(下颌)2. clench one’s jaw(咬紧牙关)
He hurt his jaw while playing basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了下巴。)
7
scar n. 伤疤;(精神上的)创伤;污点
复数:scars
scarred adj. 有伤疤的
1. facial scar(面部伤疤)2. emotional scar(情感创伤)
The scar on her arm reminds her of the accident.(她手臂上的伤疤让她想起那次事故。)
8
eyebrow n. 眉毛
复数:eyebrows
eyebrow pencil(眉笔)
1. raise one’s eyebrows(挑眉)2. thick eyebrows(浓眉)
Her eyebrows are naturally thick and shapely.(她的眉毛天生浓密有型。)
9
scarfpin n. 围巾夹,领带别针
复数:scarfpins
无
1. a silver scarfpin(银色围巾夹)2. wear a scarfpin(佩戴围巾夹)
He fastened his scarf with a vintage scarfpin.(他用一枚复古围巾夹固定围巾。)
10
diamond n. 钻石;菱形
复数:diamonds
diamond adj. 钻石般的
1. diamond ring(钻戒)2. raw diamond(原钻)
She received a diamond necklace as a birthday gift.(她收到一条钻石项链作为生日礼物。)
11
make one's fortune 发财
无词形变化
无
1. make one’s fortune in business(经商发财)2. make a fortune(发大财)
He went to the big city to make his fortune when he was young.(他年轻时去大城市闯荡发财。)
12
lose contact 失去联系
无词形变化
无
1. lose contact with(与……失去联系)2. never lose contact(从未失去联系)
We lost contact with each other after graduating from college.(大学毕业后我们就失去了联系。)
13
reliable adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的
比较级:more reliable;最高级:most reliable
reliability n. 可靠性;rely vi. 依靠
1. reliable friend(可靠的朋友)2. reliable information(可靠信息)
You can trust her—she is a reliable person.(你可以信任她,她是个可靠的人。)
14
worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的,令人愉快的
无比较级/最高级
无
1. worthwhile effort(值得的努力)2. worthwhile trip(愉快的旅行)
It is worthwhile to learn a second language.(学习一门第二语言是值得的。)
15
collar n. 衣领;颈圈;圈,箍
复数:collars
collared adj. 有衣领的
1. shirt collar(衬衫领)2. dog collar(狗项圈)
He turned up the collar of his coat to keep out the wind.(他竖起外套领子挡风。)
16
bless vt. (表示惊奇);祝福
过去式/过去分词:blessed
blessing n. 祝福;blessed adj. 神圣的
1. bless sb.(祝福某人)2. be blessed with(有幸拥有)
May God bless you with good health.(愿上帝保佑你身体健康。)
17
inch n. 英寸;少量,短距离
复数:inches
inch vt. 缓慢移动
1. one inch(一英寸)2. inch by inch(逐渐地)
The snail moved inch by inch across the leaf.(蜗牛慢慢地爬过树叶。)
18
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
无词形变化
无
1. walk arm in arm(臂挽臂散步)2. stand arm in arm(臂挽臂站立)
The two old friends walked arm in arm along the street.(两位老朋友臂挽臂在街上散步。)
19
outline vt. 概述,略述;n. 概述;轮廓线,略图
动词过去式/过去分词:outlined;复数:outlines
outlined adj. 轮廓分明的
1. outline a plan(概述计划)2. in outline(大致上)
She outlined the main points of her speech before starting.(开始前她概述了演讲的要点。)
20
suspect /sə'spekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有,觉得;/'sʌspekt/ n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象
动词过去式/过去分词:suspected;复数:suspects
suspicion n. 怀疑;suspicious adj. 可疑的
1. suspect sb. of(怀疑某人……)2. main suspect(主要嫌疑犯)
The police suspect him of stealing the money.(警方怀疑他偷了钱。)
21
arrest n. & vt. 逮捕,拘捕;under arrest 被逮捕
动词过去式/过去分词:arrested;复数:arrests
arresting adj. 引人注目的
1. arrest a criminal(逮捕罪犯)2. under arrest(被逮捕)
The thief was placed under arrest by the police.(小偷被警方逮捕了。)
22
wire vt. 给(某人)打电报;接通(电源);n. 金属丝;电线;铁丝网
动词过去式/过去分词:wired;复数:wires
wired adj. 有线的;wireless adj. 无线的
1. electric wire(电线)2. wire a house(给房子布线)
The electrician is repairing the broken wire.(电工正在修理断了的电线。)
23
criminal n. 罪犯;adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的
复数:criminals;形容词无比较级
crime n. 犯罪;criminally adv. 犯罪地
1. violent criminal(暴力罪犯)2. criminal act(犯罪行为)
The criminal was sentenced to five years in prison.(这名罪犯被判处五年监禁。)
24
anyhow adv. 不过,总之,尽管;而且;随便地
无比较级/最高级
无
1. anyhow, I’ll try(不管怎样,我会试试)2. dress anyhow(穿着随便)
Anyhow, we must finish the task on time.(不管怎样,我们必须按时完成任务。)
25
innocent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的;n. 无辜者,单纯的人
比较级:more innocent;最高级:most innocent
innocence n. 清白;天真
1. be innocent of(无罪)2. innocent child(天真的孩子)
He was proved innocent of all charges.(他被证明所有指控都不成立。)
26
legal adj. 合法的;法律的
无比较级/最高级
legally adv. 合法地;legality n. 合法性
1. legal right(合法权利)2. legal advice(法律咨询)
It is legal to drive at 60 km/h on this road.(在这条路上以60公里/小时行驶是合法的。)
27
principle n. 道德原则;法则;信条
复数:principles
无
1. moral principle(道德原则)2. basic principle(基本原则)
He never compromises his principles for money.(他从不为钱妥协自己的原则。)
28
decent adj. 正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的
比较级:more decent;最高级:most decent
decently adv. 得体地;decency n. 正派
1. decent behavior(得体的行为)2. decent pay(体面的薪水)
She is a decent person who always helps others.(她是个正派的人,总是帮助别人。)
29
burden n. (义务、责任等的)重担,负担
复数:burdens
burden vt. 加重负担;burdensome adj. 繁重的
1. family burden(家庭负担)2. bear a burden(承担重担)
Caring for her sick parents is a heavy burden for her.(照顾生病的父母对她来说是沉重的负担。)
30
geophysicist n. 地球物理学家
复数:geophysicists
geophysics n. 地球物理学;geophysical adj. 地球物理的
1. senior geophysicist(高级地球物理学家)2. research geophysicist(研究型地球物理学家)
The geophysicist studied the earthquake’s causes.(这位地球物理学家研究了地震的成因。)
31
core adj. 核心的;最重要的;n. 核心,最重要的部分
形容词无比较级;复数:cores
coreless adj. 无核心的
1. core value(核心价值)2. the core of(……的核心)
Honesty is the core of a good relationship.(诚实是良好关系的核心。)
32
socialist adj. 社会主义的;n. 社会主义者
形容词无比较级;复数:socialists
socialism n. 社会主义;social adj. 社会的
1. socialist country(社会主义国家)2. loyal socialist(忠诚的社会主义者)
He has been a firm socialist all his life.(他一生都是坚定的社会主义者。)
33
resign vt. & vi. 辞职,辞去
过去式/过去分词:resigned
resignation n. 辞职;resigned adj. 顺从的
1. resign from(从……辞职)2. resign one’s post(辞去职务)
She decided to resign from the company due to health issues.(由于健康问题,她决定从公司辞职。)
34
ward n. 病房;行政区
复数:wards
warden n. 看守;wardmate n. 病友
1. hospital ward(医院病房)2. children’s ward(儿科病房)
The patient was moved to a private ward for better care.(为了更好的护理,病人被转移到了私人病房。)
35
substantial adj. 大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的
比较级:more substantial;最高级:most substantial
substance n. 物质;实质;substantially adv. 大量地
1. substantial amount(大量)2. substantial building(坚固的建筑)
The project received substantial financial support.(这个项目获得了大量的资金支持。)
36
mineral n. 矿物,矿物质
复数:minerals
mineral adj. 矿物的;mineral water(矿泉水)
1. natural mineral(天然矿物)2. mineral resources(矿产资源)
This region is rich in mineral resources.(这个地区矿产资源丰富。)
37
superb adj. 极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的
比较级:more superb;最高级:most superb
superbly adv. 极好地
1. superb performance(出色的表现)2. superb view(绝佳的景色)
The singer gave a superb performance at the concert.(这位歌手在音乐会上表现出色。)
38
photographer n. 摄影师,拍照者
复数:photographers
photograph n. 照片;photograph vt. 拍照;photographic adj. 摄影的
1. fashion photographer(时尚摄影师)2. amateur photographer(业余摄影师)
The photographer captured the beautiful sunset over the lake.(摄影师捕捉到了湖上美丽的日落。)
39
guilty adj. 感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的
比较级:guiltier;最高级:guiltiest
guilt n. 内疚;罪责
1. feel guilty(感到内疚)2. be guilty of(犯有……罪)
He felt guilty for forgetting his mother’s birthday.(他因为忘记妈妈的生日而感到内疚。)
40
ashamed adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
比较级:more ashamed;最高级:most ashamed
shame n. 羞耻;shameful adj. 可耻的
1. be ashamed of(为……羞愧)2. feel ashamed(感到尴尬)
She was ashamed of her rude behavior at the party.(她为自己在派对上的无礼行为感到羞愧。)
41
forgive vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
过去式:forgave;过去分词:forgiven
forgiveness n. 宽恕;forgiving adj. 宽容的
1. forgive sb. for(原谅某人……)2. forgive a debt(免除债务)
I hope you can forgive me for my mistake.(希望你能原谅我的错误。)
42
cheat vt. 欺骗,蒙骗;vi. 作弊,舞弊
过去式/过去分词:cheated;复数:cheats
cheater n. 骗子;cheating n. 作弊
1. cheat sb.(欺骗某人)2. cheat in exams(考试作弊)
Anyone who cheats in the exam will be punished.(任何考试作弊的人都会受到惩罚。)
43
wrap vt. 包,裹;用…缠绕;n. 披肩,围巾;包装材料
动词过去式/过去分词:wrapped;复数:wraps
wrapping n. 包装材料;wrapped adj. 包裹的
1. wrap a gift(包装礼物)2. woolen wrap(羊毛披肩)
She wrapped the baby in a warm blanket.(她把宝宝裹在温暖的毯子里。)
44
parcel n. 包裹,小包;一块地;vt. 裹好,打包
复数:parcels;动词过去式/过去分词:parcelled
parcel post(邮政包裹)
1. send a parcel(寄包裹)2. a parcel of land(一块地)
I received a parcel from my friend abroad.(我收到了国外朋友寄来的包裹。)
45
bow /baʊ/ n. 蝴蝶结;弓;/baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬;低(头)
复数:bows;动词过去式/过去分词:bowed
bowed adj. 鞠躬的;弓形的
1. bow to sb.(向某人鞠躬)2. hair bow(发蝴蝶结)
He bowed politely to the audience after his speech.(演讲结束后,他礼貌地向观众鞠躬。)
46
nephew n. 侄子,外甥
复数:nephews
无
1. elder nephew(大侄子)2. cousin’s nephew(表外甥)
My nephew is coming to visit me this weekend.(我的侄子这周末要来看我。)
47
disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的
比较级:more disappointed;最高级:most disappointed
disappoint vt. 使失望;disappointment n. 失望
1. be disappointed at(对……失望)2. feel disappointed(感到沮丧)
She was disappointed when she didn’t get the job.(没得到那份工作,她感到很失望。)
48
wrinkle n. 皱纹;褶皱,皱痕;vt. & vi. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起
动词过去式/过去分词:wrinkled;复数:wrinkles
wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的;wrinkle-free adj. 无褶皱的
1. facial wrinkles(面部皱纹)2. wrinkle one’s forehead(皱眉头)
Smiling can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles.(微笑有助于减少皱纹的显现。)
49
pause vi. 停顿,暂停;n. 停顿,停顿的时间
动词过去式/过去分词:paused;复数:pauses
无
1. pause for a while(停顿一会儿)2. a short pause(短暂停顿)
The speaker paused to drink some water.(演讲者停顿了一下喝了口水。)
50
sew vi. & vt. (sewed, sewn) 缝,做针线活;缝上
过去式:sewed;过去分词:sewn;复数:无
sewing n. 缝纫;sewage n. 污水(无关,不列入)
She sewed a button on her coat by herself.(她自己给外套缝上了一颗扣子。)
51
pretend vi. & vt. 假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
过去式/过去分词:pretended
pretence n. 假装;pretender n. 觊觎者
1. pretend to do(假装做)2. pretend to be(假装是)
He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.(妈妈进来时,他假装睡着了。)
52
privilege n. 荣幸;特殊利益;vt. 给予特权,特别优待
复数:privileges;动词过去式/过去分词:privileged
privileged adj. 享有特权的
1. a great privilege(极大的荣幸)2. privilege sb.(给予某人特权)
It is a privilege to meet such a famous writer.(能见到这样一位著名作家是一种荣幸。)
53
embrace vt. & vi. 欣然接受;包含;拥抱
过去式/过去分词:embraced;复数:embraces
embracing adj. 拥抱的;包含的
1. embrace a chance(抓住机会)2. embrace sb.(拥抱某人)
She embraced the new job with enthusiasm.(她满怀热情地接受了这份新工作。)
54
phase n. 阶段,时期
复数:phases
phased adj. 分阶段的;phasing n. 分阶段进行
1. different phases(不同阶段)2. phase of life(人生阶段)
The project is now in its final phase.(这个项目现在处于最后阶段。)
55
anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物);vi. & vt. 抛锚;使固定
复数:anchors;动词过去式/过去分词:anchored
anchored adj. 固定的;anchorless adj. 无锚的
1. drop anchor(抛锚)2. emotional anchor(情感支柱)
The ship anchored in the harbor for supplies.(船在港口抛锚补充物资。)
56
mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕;at the mercy of sb/sth 任…处置,对…无能为力
不可数
merciful adj. 仁慈的;merciless adj. 无情的
1. show mercy to(对……仁慈)2. at the mercy of(任……摆布)
The poor cat was at the mercy of the storm.(这只可怜的猫在暴风雨中孤立无援。)
57
likewise adv. 同样地;也,而且
无比较级/最高级
无
1. likewise agree(同样同意)2. and likewise(而且)
He was late, and his sister was likewise delayed.(他迟到了,他妹妹也同样被耽搁了。)
58
deadline n. 最后期限,截止日期
复数:deadlines
无
1. meet the deadline(赶上截止日期)2. set a deadline(设定最后期限)
We must submit the report before the deadline.(我们必须在截止日期前提交报告。)
59
guidance n. 指导;导航
不可数
guide vt. 指导;n. 向导;guidance counselor(指导顾问)
1. under sb.’s guidance(在某人的指导下)2. professional guidance(专业指导)
She finished the project under her teacher’s guidance.(在老师的指导下,她完成了这个项目。)
60
fault n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点
复数:faults
faulty adj. 有故障的;faultless adj. 完美的
1. find fault with(挑剔)2. one’s own fault(某人自己的错)
It’s your own fault for not studying hard.(不努力学习是你自己的错。)
61
virtue n. 美德;正直的品性;优点
复数:virtues
virtuous adj. 有美德的;virtuously adv. 正直地
1. traditional virtue(传统美德)2. virtue of(由于)
Honesty and kindness are important virtues.(诚实和善良是重要的美德。)
62
integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好
不可数
integral adj. 不可或缺的;integrate vt. 整合
1. moral integrity(道德正直)2. integrity of the system(系统的完整性)
We need to hire people with integrity and ability.(我们需要招聘正直且有能力的人。)
63
organic adj. 有机的,统一的;绿色的,不使用化肥的;生物的
无比较级/最高级
organ n. 器官;organic food(有机食品)
1. organic farming(有机农业)2. organic matter(有机物)
Organic vegetables are more expensive but healthier.(有机蔬菜更贵但更健康。)
64
starfish n. 海星,星鱼
复数:starfish/starfishes
无
1. colorful starfish(彩色海星)2. sea star(海星,同义)
We saw many starfish on the beach during low tide.(低潮时我们在海滩上看到了很多海星。)
65
discouraged adj. 灰心的
比较级:more discouraged;最高级:most discouraged
discourage vt. 使灰心;discouragement n. 灰心
1. feel discouraged(感到灰心)2. be discouraged by(因……而气馁)
Don’t be discouraged by temporary failures.(不要因暂时的失败而灰心。)
66
garbage n. 垃圾;废话
不可数
garbage can(垃圾桶);garbage collector(垃圾收集工)
1. throw away garbage(扔垃圾)2. garbage talk(废话)
Please put the garbage in the trash bin.(请把垃圾放进垃圾桶。)
67
saving n. 节省物,节省;储蓄金
复数:savings
save vt. 节省;储蓄;savings account(储蓄账户)
1. energy saving(节能)2. personal savings(个人储蓄)
She used her savings to buy a new computer.(她用自己的储蓄买了一台新电脑。)
68
bonus n. 意外收获;奖金,红利
复数:bonuses
无
1. year-end bonus(年终奖)2. a nice bonus(意外惊喜)
The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus.(公司给所有员工发了圣诞奖金。)
69
weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安,加重…的思想负担
无词形变化
无
1. weigh on one’s mind(萦绕心头)2. weigh on the economy(加重经济负担)
The problem of unemployment has been weighing on him.(失业问题一直让他焦虑不安。)
70
jade n. 玉,碧玉
不可数
jade adj. 玉制的;jadeite n. 翡翠
1. jade bracelet(玉镯)2. green jade(绿玉)
Her grandmother gave her a jade pendant as a gift.(她奶奶送了她一个玉吊坠作为礼物。)
71
sow vt. & vi. (sowed, sown) 播种,种
过去式:sowed;过去分词:sown;复数:无
sowing n. 播种;seed n. 种子
1. sow seeds(播种)2. sow hope(播下希望)
Farmers sow wheat in autumn in northern China.(中国北方的农民在秋天播种小麦。)
72
harvest n. 收成,收获量;收获季节,收割;vt. & vi. 收割,捕猎
复数:harvests;动词过去式/过去分词:harvested
harvester n. 收割机;harvesting n. 收割
1. good harvest(丰收)2. harvest crops(收割庄稼)
They had a bumper harvest of rice this year.(他们今年水稻获得了大丰收。)
73
rejoice vi. & vt. 非常高兴,深感欣喜
过去式/过去分词:rejoiced
rejoicing n. 喜悦;rejoiced adj. 欣喜的
1. rejoice at(为……高兴)2. rejoice in(乐于)
We rejoice at the news of her success.(我们为她成功的消息感到高兴。)
74
quote n. 引语;vt. & vi. 引用,引述;举例说明
动词过去式/过去分词:quoted;复数:quotes
quotation n. 引语;quotable adj. 可引用的
1. quote a famous writer(引用著名作家的话)2. a famous quote(名言)
The teacher quoted a sentence from Shakespeare in class.(老师在课堂上引用了莎士比亚的一句话。)
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