Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

2025-11-14
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册
年级 高二
章节 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 51 KB
发布时间 2025-11-14
更新时间 2025-11-14
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-11-14
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来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语知识清单为译林版选必4 Unit 1“Honesty and responsibility”词汇同步笔记,系统梳理74个核心词汇及短语。从词形变化、派生词等基础要素出发,明确固定搭配、用法等核心考点,通过例句实现语境化应用,构建从词汇基础到语言运用的学习支架。 知识链路按词汇类型分类呈现,每个词汇涵盖基础要素、核心考点与语境例句,逻辑清晰。通过派生词关联拓展词汇网络,借助典型例句强化语言运用能力,助力学生提升词汇学习效率与自主学习能力,体现语言能力与学习能力的培养。

内容正文:

译林版 选必4 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility.词汇同步笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 barely adv. 刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才 无比较级/最高级 无 1. barely able to(勉强能)2. barely know(几乎不认识) He barely passed the final exam with a score of 61.(他以61分勉强通过了期末考试。) 2 cigar n. 雪茄烟 复数:cigars 无 1. smoke a cigar(抽雪茄)2. a box of cigars(一盒雪茄) His grandfather used to smoke a cigar after dinner.(他爷爷过去晚饭后会抽一支雪茄。) 3 appointment n. 约定,约会;任命,委任;职务 复数:appointments appoint vt. 任命;委派 1. make an appointment(预约)2. job appointment(任职任命) I have a doctor’s appointment at 3 this afternoon.(我今天下午3点有医生预约。) 4 tear down 拆毁,拆除 无词形变化 无 1. tear down old buildings(拆毁旧建筑)2. tear down walls(拆除墙壁) The city plans to tear down the abandoned factory.(市政府计划拆毁这座废弃工厂。) 5 keen adj. 灵敏的,敏锐的;渴望,热切,热衷于 比较级:keener;最高级:keenest keenly adv. 敏锐地;keenness n. 热衷 1. be keen on(热衷于)2. keen sense(敏锐的感觉) She is keen on painting and practices every weekend.(她热衷于绘画,每周都练习。) 6 jaw n. 下巴,颌 复数:jaws jawbone n. 颌骨;jawline n. 下颌线 1. lower jaw(下颌)2. clench one’s jaw(咬紧牙关) He hurt his jaw while playing basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了下巴。) 7 scar n. 伤疤;(精神上的)创伤;污点 复数:scars scarred adj. 有伤疤的 1. facial scar(面部伤疤)2. emotional scar(情感创伤) The scar on her arm reminds her of the accident.(她手臂上的伤疤让她想起那次事故。) 8 eyebrow n. 眉毛 复数:eyebrows eyebrow pencil(眉笔) 1. raise one’s eyebrows(挑眉)2. thick eyebrows(浓眉) Her eyebrows are naturally thick and shapely.(她的眉毛天生浓密有型。) 9 scarfpin n. 围巾夹,领带别针 复数:scarfpins 无 1. a silver scarfpin(银色围巾夹)2. wear a scarfpin(佩戴围巾夹) He fastened his scarf with a vintage scarfpin.(他用一枚复古围巾夹固定围巾。) 10 diamond n. 钻石;菱形 复数:diamonds diamond adj. 钻石般的 1. diamond ring(钻戒)2. raw diamond(原钻) She received a diamond necklace as a birthday gift.(她收到一条钻石项链作为生日礼物。) 11 make one's fortune 发财 无词形变化 无 1. make one’s fortune in business(经商发财)2. make a fortune(发大财) He went to the big city to make his fortune when he was young.(他年轻时去大城市闯荡发财。) 12 lose contact 失去联系 无词形变化 无 1. lose contact with(与……失去联系)2. never lose contact(从未失去联系) We lost contact with each other after graduating from college.(大学毕业后我们就失去了联系。) 13 reliable adj. 可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的 比较级:more reliable;最高级:most reliable reliability n. 可靠性;rely vi. 依靠 1. reliable friend(可靠的朋友)2. reliable information(可靠信息) You can trust her—she is a reliable person.(你可以信任她,她是个可靠的人。) 14 worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的,令人愉快的 无比较级/最高级 无 1. worthwhile effort(值得的努力)2. worthwhile trip(愉快的旅行) It is worthwhile to learn a second language.(学习一门第二语言是值得的。) 15 collar n. 衣领;颈圈;圈,箍 复数:collars collared adj. 有衣领的 1. shirt collar(衬衫领)2. dog collar(狗项圈) He turned up the collar of his coat to keep out the wind.(他竖起外套领子挡风。) 16 bless vt. (表示惊奇);祝福 过去式/过去分词:blessed blessing n. 祝福;blessed adj. 神圣的 1. bless sb.(祝福某人)2. be blessed with(有幸拥有) May God bless you with good health.(愿上帝保佑你身体健康。) 17 inch n. 英寸;少量,短距离 复数:inches inch vt. 缓慢移动 1. one inch(一英寸)2. inch by inch(逐渐地) The snail moved inch by inch across the leaf.(蜗牛慢慢地爬过树叶。) 18 arm in arm 臂挽着臂 无词形变化 无 1. walk arm in arm(臂挽臂散步)2. stand arm in arm(臂挽臂站立) The two old friends walked arm in arm along the street.(两位老朋友臂挽臂在街上散步。) 19 outline vt. 概述,略述;n. 概述;轮廓线,略图 动词过去式/过去分词:outlined;复数:outlines outlined adj. 轮廓分明的 1. outline a plan(概述计划)2. in outline(大致上) She outlined the main points of her speech before starting.(开始前她概述了演讲的要点。) 20 suspect /sə'spekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有,觉得;/'sʌspekt/ n. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象 动词过去式/过去分词:suspected;复数:suspects suspicion n. 怀疑;suspicious adj. 可疑的 1. suspect sb. of(怀疑某人……)2. main suspect(主要嫌疑犯) The police suspect him of stealing the money.(警方怀疑他偷了钱。) 21 arrest n. & vt. 逮捕,拘捕;under arrest 被逮捕 动词过去式/过去分词:arrested;复数:arrests arresting adj. 引人注目的 1. arrest a criminal(逮捕罪犯)2. under arrest(被逮捕) The thief was placed under arrest by the police.(小偷被警方逮捕了。) 22 wire vt. 给(某人)打电报;接通(电源);n. 金属丝;电线;铁丝网 动词过去式/过去分词:wired;复数:wires wired adj. 有线的;wireless adj. 无线的 1. electric wire(电线)2. wire a house(给房子布线) The electrician is repairing the broken wire.(电工正在修理断了的电线。) 23 criminal n. 罪犯;adj. 犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的 复数:criminals;形容词无比较级 crime n. 犯罪;criminally adv. 犯罪地 1. violent criminal(暴力罪犯)2. criminal act(犯罪行为) The criminal was sentenced to five years in prison.(这名罪犯被判处五年监禁。) 24 anyhow adv. 不过,总之,尽管;而且;随便地 无比较级/最高级 无 1. anyhow, I’ll try(不管怎样,我会试试)2. dress anyhow(穿着随便) Anyhow, we must finish the task on time.(不管怎样,我们必须按时完成任务。) 25 innocent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的;n. 无辜者,单纯的人 比较级:more innocent;最高级:most innocent innocence n. 清白;天真 1. be innocent of(无罪)2. innocent child(天真的孩子) He was proved innocent of all charges.(他被证明所有指控都不成立。) 26 legal adj. 合法的;法律的 无比较级/最高级 legally adv. 合法地;legality n. 合法性 1. legal right(合法权利)2. legal advice(法律咨询) It is legal to drive at 60 km/h on this road.(在这条路上以60公里/小时行驶是合法的。) 27 principle n. 道德原则;法则;信条 复数:principles 无 1. moral principle(道德原则)2. basic principle(基本原则) He never compromises his principles for money.(他从不为钱妥协自己的原则。) 28 decent adj. 正派的,合乎礼节的;得体的,适当的 比较级:more decent;最高级:most decent decently adv. 得体地;decency n. 正派 1. decent behavior(得体的行为)2. decent pay(体面的薪水) She is a decent person who always helps others.(她是个正派的人,总是帮助别人。) 29 burden n. (义务、责任等的)重担,负担 复数:burdens burden vt. 加重负担;burdensome adj. 繁重的 1. family burden(家庭负担)2. bear a burden(承担重担) Caring for her sick parents is a heavy burden for her.(照顾生病的父母对她来说是沉重的负担。) 30 geophysicist n. 地球物理学家 复数:geophysicists geophysics n. 地球物理学;geophysical adj. 地球物理的 1. senior geophysicist(高级地球物理学家)2. research geophysicist(研究型地球物理学家) The geophysicist studied the earthquake’s causes.(这位地球物理学家研究了地震的成因。) 31 core adj. 核心的;最重要的;n. 核心,最重要的部分 形容词无比较级;复数:cores coreless adj. 无核心的 1. core value(核心价值)2. the core of(……的核心) Honesty is the core of a good relationship.(诚实是良好关系的核心。) 32 socialist adj. 社会主义的;n. 社会主义者 形容词无比较级;复数:socialists socialism n. 社会主义;social adj. 社会的 1. socialist country(社会主义国家)2. loyal socialist(忠诚的社会主义者) He has been a firm socialist all his life.(他一生都是坚定的社会主义者。) 33 resign vt. & vi. 辞职,辞去 过去式/过去分词:resigned resignation n. 辞职;resigned adj. 顺从的 1. resign from(从……辞职)2. resign one’s post(辞去职务) She decided to resign from the company due to health issues.(由于健康问题,她决定从公司辞职。) 34 ward n. 病房;行政区 复数:wards warden n. 看守;wardmate n. 病友 1. hospital ward(医院病房)2. children’s ward(儿科病房) The patient was moved to a private ward for better care.(为了更好的护理,病人被转移到了私人病房。) 35 substantial adj. 大量的,价值巨大的;结实的,牢固的 比较级:more substantial;最高级:most substantial substance n. 物质;实质;substantially adv. 大量地 1. substantial amount(大量)2. substantial building(坚固的建筑) The project received substantial financial support.(这个项目获得了大量的资金支持。) 36 mineral n. 矿物,矿物质 复数:minerals mineral adj. 矿物的;mineral water(矿泉水) 1. natural mineral(天然矿物)2. mineral resources(矿产资源) This region is rich in mineral resources.(这个地区矿产资源丰富。) 37 superb adj. 极佳的,卓越的,质量极高的 比较级:more superb;最高级:most superb superbly adv. 极好地 1. superb performance(出色的表现)2. superb view(绝佳的景色) The singer gave a superb performance at the concert.(这位歌手在音乐会上表现出色。) 38 photographer n. 摄影师,拍照者 复数:photographers photograph n. 照片;photograph vt. 拍照;photographic adj. 摄影的 1. fashion photographer(时尚摄影师)2. amateur photographer(业余摄影师) The photographer captured the beautiful sunset over the lake.(摄影师捕捉到了湖上美丽的日落。) 39 guilty adj. 感到内疚的,感到惭愧的;有罪的,有过失的 比较级:guiltier;最高级:guiltiest guilt n. 内疚;罪责 1. feel guilty(感到内疚)2. be guilty of(犯有……罪) He felt guilty for forgetting his mother’s birthday.(他因为忘记妈妈的生日而感到内疚。) 40 ashamed adj. 惭愧,羞愧,尴尬 比较级:more ashamed;最高级:most ashamed shame n. 羞耻;shameful adj. 可耻的 1. be ashamed of(为……羞愧)2. feel ashamed(感到尴尬) She was ashamed of her rude behavior at the party.(她为自己在派对上的无礼行为感到羞愧。) 41 forgive vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅,宽恕;免除(债务) 过去式:forgave;过去分词:forgiven forgiveness n. 宽恕;forgiving adj. 宽容的 1. forgive sb. for(原谅某人……)2. forgive a debt(免除债务) I hope you can forgive me for my mistake.(希望你能原谅我的错误。) 42 cheat vt. 欺骗,蒙骗;vi. 作弊,舞弊 过去式/过去分词:cheated;复数:cheats cheater n. 骗子;cheating n. 作弊 1. cheat sb.(欺骗某人)2. cheat in exams(考试作弊) Anyone who cheats in the exam will be punished.(任何考试作弊的人都会受到惩罚。) 43 wrap vt. 包,裹;用…缠绕;n. 披肩,围巾;包装材料 动词过去式/过去分词:wrapped;复数:wraps wrapping n. 包装材料;wrapped adj. 包裹的 1. wrap a gift(包装礼物)2. woolen wrap(羊毛披肩) She wrapped the baby in a warm blanket.(她把宝宝裹在温暖的毯子里。) 44 parcel n. 包裹,小包;一块地;vt. 裹好,打包 复数:parcels;动词过去式/过去分词:parcelled parcel post(邮政包裹) 1. send a parcel(寄包裹)2. a parcel of land(一块地) I received a parcel from my friend abroad.(我收到了国外朋友寄来的包裹。) 45 bow /baʊ/ n. 蝴蝶结;弓;/baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬;低(头) 复数:bows;动词过去式/过去分词:bowed bowed adj. 鞠躬的;弓形的 1. bow to sb.(向某人鞠躬)2. hair bow(发蝴蝶结) He bowed politely to the audience after his speech.(演讲结束后,他礼貌地向观众鞠躬。) 46 nephew n. 侄子,外甥 复数:nephews 无 1. elder nephew(大侄子)2. cousin’s nephew(表外甥) My nephew is coming to visit me this weekend.(我的侄子这周末要来看我。) 47 disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的 比较级:more disappointed;最高级:most disappointed disappoint vt. 使失望;disappointment n. 失望 1. be disappointed at(对……失望)2. feel disappointed(感到沮丧) She was disappointed when she didn’t get the job.(没得到那份工作,她感到很失望。) 48 wrinkle n. 皱纹;褶皱,皱痕;vt. & vi. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起 动词过去式/过去分词:wrinkled;复数:wrinkles wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的;wrinkle-free adj. 无褶皱的 1. facial wrinkles(面部皱纹)2. wrinkle one’s forehead(皱眉头) Smiling can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles.(微笑有助于减少皱纹的显现。) 49 pause vi. 停顿,暂停;n. 停顿,停顿的时间 动词过去式/过去分词:paused;复数:pauses 无 1. pause for a while(停顿一会儿)2. a short pause(短暂停顿) The speaker paused to drink some water.(演讲者停顿了一下喝了口水。) 50 sew vi. & vt. (sewed, sewn) 缝,做针线活;缝上 过去式:sewed;过去分词:sewn;复数:无 sewing n. 缝纫;sewage n. 污水(无关,不列入) She sewed a button on her coat by herself.(她自己给外套缝上了一颗扣子。) 51 pretend vi. & vt. 假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为 过去式/过去分词:pretended pretence n. 假装;pretender n. 觊觎者 1. pretend to do(假装做)2. pretend to be(假装是) He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.(妈妈进来时,他假装睡着了。) 52 privilege n. 荣幸;特殊利益;vt. 给予特权,特别优待 复数:privileges;动词过去式/过去分词:privileged privileged adj. 享有特权的 1. a great privilege(极大的荣幸)2. privilege sb.(给予某人特权) It is a privilege to meet such a famous writer.(能见到这样一位著名作家是一种荣幸。) 53 embrace vt. & vi. 欣然接受;包含;拥抱 过去式/过去分词:embraced;复数:embraces embracing adj. 拥抱的;包含的 1. embrace a chance(抓住机会)2. embrace sb.(拥抱某人) She embraced the new job with enthusiasm.(她满怀热情地接受了这份新工作。) 54 phase n. 阶段,时期 复数:phases phased adj. 分阶段的;phasing n. 分阶段进行 1. different phases(不同阶段)2. phase of life(人生阶段) The project is now in its final phase.(这个项目现在处于最后阶段。) 55 anchor n. 锚;给以安全感的人(或物);vi. & vt. 抛锚;使固定 复数:anchors;动词过去式/过去分词:anchored anchored adj. 固定的;anchorless adj. 无锚的 1. drop anchor(抛锚)2. emotional anchor(情感支柱) The ship anchored in the harbor for supplies.(船在港口抛锚补充物资。) 56 mercy n. 仁慈,宽恕;at the mercy of sb/sth 任…处置,对…无能为力 不可数 merciful adj. 仁慈的;merciless adj. 无情的 1. show mercy to(对……仁慈)2. at the mercy of(任……摆布) The poor cat was at the mercy of the storm.(这只可怜的猫在暴风雨中孤立无援。) 57 likewise adv. 同样地;也,而且 无比较级/最高级 无 1. likewise agree(同样同意)2. and likewise(而且) He was late, and his sister was likewise delayed.(他迟到了,他妹妹也同样被耽搁了。) 58 deadline n. 最后期限,截止日期 复数:deadlines 无 1. meet the deadline(赶上截止日期)2. set a deadline(设定最后期限) We must submit the report before the deadline.(我们必须在截止日期前提交报告。) 59 guidance n. 指导;导航 不可数 guide vt. 指导;n. 向导;guidance counselor(指导顾问) 1. under sb.’s guidance(在某人的指导下)2. professional guidance(专业指导) She finished the project under her teacher’s guidance.(在老师的指导下,她完成了这个项目。) 60 fault n. 过错,责任;弱点,缺点 复数:faults faulty adj. 有故障的;faultless adj. 完美的 1. find fault with(挑剔)2. one’s own fault(某人自己的错) It’s your own fault for not studying hard.(不努力学习是你自己的错。) 61 virtue n. 美德;正直的品性;优点 复数:virtues virtuous adj. 有美德的;virtuously adv. 正直地 1. traditional virtue(传统美德)2. virtue of(由于) Honesty and kindness are important virtues.(诚实和善良是重要的美德。) 62 integrity n. 诚实正直;完整,完好 不可数 integral adj. 不可或缺的;integrate vt. 整合 1. moral integrity(道德正直)2. integrity of the system(系统的完整性) We need to hire people with integrity and ability.(我们需要招聘正直且有能力的人。) 63 organic adj. 有机的,统一的;绿色的,不使用化肥的;生物的 无比较级/最高级 organ n. 器官;organic food(有机食品) 1. organic farming(有机农业)2. organic matter(有机物) Organic vegetables are more expensive but healthier.(有机蔬菜更贵但更健康。) 64 starfish n. 海星,星鱼 复数:starfish/starfishes 无 1. colorful starfish(彩色海星)2. sea star(海星,同义) We saw many starfish on the beach during low tide.(低潮时我们在海滩上看到了很多海星。) 65 discouraged adj. 灰心的 比较级:more discouraged;最高级:most discouraged discourage vt. 使灰心;discouragement n. 灰心 1. feel discouraged(感到灰心)2. be discouraged by(因……而气馁) Don’t be discouraged by temporary failures.(不要因暂时的失败而灰心。) 66 garbage n. 垃圾;废话 不可数 garbage can(垃圾桶);garbage collector(垃圾收集工) 1. throw away garbage(扔垃圾)2. garbage talk(废话) Please put the garbage in the trash bin.(请把垃圾放进垃圾桶。) 67 saving n. 节省物,节省;储蓄金 复数:savings save vt. 节省;储蓄;savings account(储蓄账户) 1. energy saving(节能)2. personal savings(个人储蓄) She used her savings to buy a new computer.(她用自己的储蓄买了一台新电脑。) 68 bonus n. 意外收获;奖金,红利 复数:bonuses 无 1. year-end bonus(年终奖)2. a nice bonus(意外惊喜) The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus.(公司给所有员工发了圣诞奖金。) 69 weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安,加重…的思想负担 无词形变化 无 1. weigh on one’s mind(萦绕心头)2. weigh on the economy(加重经济负担) The problem of unemployment has been weighing on him.(失业问题一直让他焦虑不安。) 70 jade n. 玉,碧玉 不可数 jade adj. 玉制的;jadeite n. 翡翠 1. jade bracelet(玉镯)2. green jade(绿玉) Her grandmother gave her a jade pendant as a gift.(她奶奶送了她一个玉吊坠作为礼物。) 71 sow vt. & vi. (sowed, sown) 播种,种 过去式:sowed;过去分词:sown;复数:无 sowing n. 播种;seed n. 种子 1. sow seeds(播种)2. sow hope(播下希望) Farmers sow wheat in autumn in northern China.(中国北方的农民在秋天播种小麦。) 72 harvest n. 收成,收获量;收获季节,收割;vt. & vi. 收割,捕猎 复数:harvests;动词过去式/过去分词:harvested harvester n. 收割机;harvesting n. 收割 1. good harvest(丰收)2. harvest crops(收割庄稼) They had a bumper harvest of rice this year.(他们今年水稻获得了大丰收。) 73 rejoice vi. & vt. 非常高兴,深感欣喜 过去式/过去分词:rejoiced rejoicing n. 喜悦;rejoiced adj. 欣喜的 1. rejoice at(为……高兴)2. rejoice in(乐于) We rejoice at the news of her success.(我们为她成功的消息感到高兴。) 74 quote n. 引语;vt. & vi. 引用,引述;举例说明 动词过去式/过去分词:quoted;复数:quotes quotation n. 引语;quotable adj. 可引用的 1. quote a famous writer(引用著名作家的话)2. a famous quote(名言) The teacher quoted a sentence from Shakespeare in class.(老师在课堂上引用了莎士比亚的一句话。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册
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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册
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