Unit 3 Back to the past 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

2025-11-14
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译林版 选必3 Unit 3 Back to the past.词汇同步笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 breadth n. 宽度;广泛 不可数 broad adj. 宽的;broadly adv. 广泛地 1. breadth of knowledge(知识面)2. width and breadth(宽度和广度) His travels gave him a remarkable breadth of experience.(他的旅行让他拥有了丰富的阅历。) 2 convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说 过去式/过去分词:convinced convincing adj. 有说服力的;convincement n. 确信 1. convince sb. of sth.(使某人相信某事)2. convince sb. to do(说服某人做某事) She finally convinced her parents to let her study abroad.(她最终说服父母让她出国留学。) 3 voyage n. 航海,航行,航天;vi. 航行,远行 复数:voyages;过去式/过去分词:voyaged voyager n. 航海者;航行者 1. sea voyage(航海)2. space voyage(太空航行) The sailors set off on a long voyage across the Pacific.(水手们启程进行横渡太平洋的长途航行。) 4 fleet n. 舰队;捕鱼船队;车队 复数:fleets naval adj. 海军的;fleetly adv. 快速地 1. naval fleet(海军舰队)2. fishing fleet(捕鱼船队) A large fleet of ships gathered in the harbor.(一支庞大的船队聚集在港口。) 5 navigate vt. 航行;导航;vi. 导航 过去式/过去分词:navigated navigation n. 导航;航行;navigator n. 领航员 1. navigate the sea(海上航行)2. navigate a website(浏览网站) The captain skillfully navigated the ship through the storm.(船长熟练地驾驶船只穿过风暴。) 6 on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了 无词形变化 无 1. on behalf of sb.(代表某人)2. on behalf of the team(代表团队) I’m speaking on behalf of all my colleagues.(我代表所有同事发言。) 7 load vt. & vi. 装上,装入;n. 负载;承载量;大量 过去式/过去分词:loaded;复数:loads loading n. 装载;loader n. 装载机 1. load sth. with sth.(用某物装载某物)2. a heavy load(沉重的负载) They loaded the boxes onto the truck carefully.(他们小心翼翼地把箱子装上卡车。) 8 compass n. 罗盘,指南针;圆规 复数:compasses compassion n. 同情(无关,正确派生词无,填无) 1. magnetic compass(磁罗盘)2. drawing compass(圆规) He used a compass to find his way in the forest.(他用指南针在森林里找路。) 9 log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木;vi. & vt. 伐木 复数:logs;过去式/过去分词:logged logger n. 伐木工;logging n. 伐木 1. keep a log(记日志)2. log in(登录) The captain recorded the ship’s progress in the log.(船长在航海日志中记录了船只的航行情况。) 10 strengthen vt. & vi. 加强,增强 过去式/过去分词:strengthened strength n. 力量;strong adj. 强壮的 1. strengthen friendship(加强友谊)2. strengthen confidence(增强信心) Regular exercise helps strengthen your immune system.(规律锻炼有助于增强免疫系统。) 11 harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的 比较级:more harmonious;最高级:most harmonious harmony n. 和谐;harmonize vt. 使和谐 1. harmonious relationship(和睦的关系)2. harmonious society(和谐社会) People in the community live in a harmonious atmosphere.(社区里的人们生活在和睦的氛围中。) 12 dismiss vt. 不予考虑,对…不屑一顾;去除,拆除;解雇;解散 过去式/过去分词:dismissed dismissal n. 解雇;驳回 1. dismiss an idea(不考虑某个想法)2. dismiss sb. from work(解雇某人) The manager dismissed the suggestion as impractical.(经理认为这个建议不切实际,不予考虑。) 13 proof n. 证据,证明 复数:proofs prove vt. 证明;proofread vt. 校对 1. scientific proof(科学证据)2. proof of identity(身份证明) There is no proof that he was at the crime scene.(没有证据表明他在犯罪现场。) 14 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢 过去式/过去分词:acknowledged acknowledgment n. 承认;感谢 1. acknowledge one’s mistake(承认错误)2. acknowledge sb.’s help(感谢某人的帮助) She acknowledged that she had made a mistake.(她承认自己犯了一个错误。) 15 influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的 比较级:more influential;最高级:most influential influence n. 影响;vt. 影响 1. influential figure(有影响力的人物)2. influential decision(有支配力的决定) The professor is an influential expert in the field of physics.(这位教授是物理学领域有影响力的专家。) 16 insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求,坚持;坚持说 过去式/过去分词:insisted insistence n. 坚持;insistent adj. 坚持的 1. insist on doing(坚持做某事)2. insist that(坚持说) He insisted on going to the meeting despite being ill.(尽管生病,他还是坚持去参加会议。) 17 route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道 复数:routes router n. 路由器(技术类,高中常见) 1. take a shortcut route(走捷径)2. communication route(沟通渠道) We chose a scenic route for our road trip.(我们为公路旅行选择了一条风景优美的路线。) 18 financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的 无比较级/最高级 finance n. 财政;金融;financially adv. 财务上 1. financial crisis(金融危机)2. financial support(财政支持) The company is facing some financial difficulties.(这家公司正面临一些财务困难。) 19 depart vi. & vt. 离开,起程 过去式/过去分词:departed departure n. 离开;起程 1. depart for(前往)2. depart from(离开) The plane will depart for Beijing at 3 p.m.(飞机将于下午3点飞往北京。) 20 shortage n. 不足,短缺 复数:shortages short adj. 短的;短缺的;shorten vt. 缩短 1. shortage of water(水资源短缺)2. food shortage(粮食短缺) The region is suffering from a severe shortage of electricity.(该地区正遭受严重的电力短缺。) 21 leak vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入;vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露;n. 漏洞 过去式/过去分词:leaked;复数:leaks leaky adj. 漏的;渗漏的 1. leak out(泄露)2. gas leak(煤气泄漏) The secret leaked out before the official announcement.(在正式宣布前,秘密就泄露了。) 22 panic n. 惊恐,恐慌;vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措 复数:panics;过去式/过去分词:panicked panicked adj. 惊慌的;panicky adj. 恐慌的 1. in panic(惊慌地)2. panic about(对……恐慌) People fled the building in panic when the fire broke out.(火灾发生时,人们惊慌地逃离了大楼。) 23 regardless adv. 不顾,不加理会 无比较级/最高级 regard vt. 认为;n. 关注 1. regardless of(不管)2. push forward regardless(不顾一切地前进) She continued working regardless of the rain.(尽管下雨,她还是继续工作。) 24 regardless of 不管,不顾 无词形变化 无 1. regardless of age(不管年龄)2. regardless of difficulty(不顾困难) Everyone can apply for the job regardless of their background.(无论背景如何,每个人都可以申请这份工作。) 25 shore n. 岸,滨 复数:shores shoreline n. 海岸线;shoreward adj. 向岸的 1. sea shore(海岸)2. along the shore(沿着岸边) Children are playing on the shore of the lake.(孩子们在湖边玩耍。) 26 subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的 无比较级/最高级 subsequently adv. 随后;subsequence n. 随后发生的事 1. subsequent events(随后的事件)2. subsequent research(后续研究) He suffered a heart attack and subsequent complications.(他心脏病发作,随后出现了并发症。) 27 captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长 复数:captains captaincy n. 队长职位;舰长职务 1. ship’s captain(船长)2. team captain(队长) The captain announced that the flight would be delayed.(机长宣布航班将延误。) 28 allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把…计算在内 无词形变化 无 1. allow for mistakes(考虑到错误)2. allow for time(留出时间) We need to allow for unexpected delays in our plan.(我们的计划需要考虑到意外延误。) 29 kingdom n. 王国;管辖范围 复数:kingdoms king n. 国王;queen n. 女王 1. ancient kingdom(古代王国)2. kingdom of nature(自然界) The kingdom was ruled by a wise king.(这个王国由一位贤明的国王统治。) 30 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊 过去式/过去分词:astonished astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的;astonishment n. 惊讶 1. be astonished at(对……感到惊讶)2. astonish sb.(使某人惊讶) Her sudden success astonished everyone around her.(她的突然成功让周围的人都感到惊讶。) 31 royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的 无比较级/最高级 royalty n. 王室成员;王权 1. royal family(王室)2. royal ceremony(盛大仪式) The royal wedding was watched by millions of people.(数百万观众观看了这场王室婚礼。) 32 tomb n. 坟墓 复数:tombs tombless adj. 无坟墓的 1. ancient tomb(古墓)2. royal tomb(皇家陵墓) Archaeologists discovered a valuable artifact in the tomb.(考古学家在这座坟墓中发现了一件珍贵文物。) 33 literary adj. 文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的 无比较级/最高级 literature n. 文学;literary adj. 文学的(本身) 1. literary works(文学作品)2. literary criticism(文学批评) He has a deep love for literary classics.(他深爱文学经典。) 34 extensively adv. 广阔地;广泛地 无比较级/最高级 extensive adj. 广泛的;广阔的 1. travel extensively(广泛旅行)2. study extensively(深入研究) She has traveled extensively across Europe.(她已广泛游历了欧洲。) 35 facilitate vt. 使便利,促进 过去式/过去分词:facilitated facilitation n. 促进;便利;facilitator n. 促进者 1. facilitate communication(促进沟通)2. facilitate cooperation(便利合作) The new software will facilitate our daily work.(这款新软件将为我们的日常工作提供便利。) 36 sort out 理顺,整理;把…安排好 无词形变化 无 1. sort out files(整理文件)2. sort out problems(解决问题) I need to sort out my messy desk this weekend.(这个周末我需要整理一下乱糟糟的书桌。) 37 available adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的 无比较级/最高级 availability n. 可用性;可获得性 1. be available for(可用于)2. available time(空闲时间) Tickets for the concert are available online now.(音乐会门票现在可在网上购买。) 38 prison n. 监狱 复数:prisons prisoner n. 囚犯;监禁者 1. go to prison(入狱)2. prison sentence(监禁判决) He spent five years in prison for theft.(他因偷窃入狱五年。) 39 minister n. 大臣,部长 复数:ministers ministry n. 部;内阁;ministerial adj. 部长的 1. prime minister(首相)2. foreign minister(外交部长) The education minister announced a new policy on school meals.(教育部长宣布了一项关于学校膳食的新政策。) 40 exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的 比较级:more exceptional;最高级:most exceptional exception n. 例外;exceptionally adv. 异常地 1. exceptional talent(杰出才能)2. exceptional weather(异常天气) She showed exceptional courage during the crisis.(她在危机中表现出了非凡的勇气。) 41 phrase n. 成语,习语;短语,词组 复数:phrases phrasal adj. 短语的;phraseology n. 措辞 1. set phrase(固定短语)2. English phrases(英语短语) You need to memorize some useful phrases for the exam.(你需要为考试记忆一些有用的短语。) 42 format n. 总体安排,设计;版式 复数:formats formatted adj. 格式化的;formatting n. 格式化 1. book format(书籍版式)2. event format(活动流程设计) The magazine has a new format that is more reader-friendly.(这本杂志有了新版式,更方便读者阅读。) 43 shelf n. (pl. shelves)(书架等的)架子,搁板 复数:shelves shelved adj. 搁置的;shelf-life n. 保质期 1. book shelf(书架)2. on the shelf(在架子上) I placed the new books on the top shelf.(我把新书放在了最上层的架子上。) 44 adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养;vi. 领养,收养 过去式/过去分词:adopted adoption n. 采用;领养;adoptive adj. 收养的 1. adopt a policy(采取政策)2. adopt a child(领养孩子) The company decided to adopt a new management system.(公司决定采用新的管理系统。) 45 comparison n. 对比;比较 复数:comparisons compare vt. 比较;comparative adj. 比较的 1. in comparison with(与……相比)2. make a comparison(进行比较) The new model is better in comparison with the old one.(与旧款相比,新款更好。) 46 pack vt. & vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装;n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包 过去式/过去分词:packed;复数:packs package n. 包裹;packing n. 包装 1. pack up(打包)2. pack sth. into(把某物塞进) She packed her suitcase carefully for the trip.(她为旅行仔细收拾了行李箱。) 47 contrary adj. 相反的,相对立的;截然不同的 无比较级/最高级 contradict vt. 反驳;矛盾;contradiction n. 矛盾 1. be contrary to(与……相反)2. contrary opinion(相反的意见) His actions are contrary to his words.(他言行不一。) 48 contrary to 与…相反 无词形变化 无 1. contrary to expectation(出乎意料)2. contrary to fact(与事实相反) Contrary to what he said, he didn’t attend the meeting.(与他所说的相反,他没有参加会议。) 49 hell n. 地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况 不可数 hellish adj. 地狱般的;痛苦的 1. go to hell(下地狱)2. living hell(人间地狱) The prisoners described the camp as a living hell.(囚犯们称这个营地为人间地狱。) 50 aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等) 无词形变化 无 1. go aboard(上船/飞机等)2. be aboard(在船上/飞机等上) Passengers are requested to go aboard the plane now.(请乘客们现在登机。) 51 rub vt. & vi. 擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦 过去式/过去分词:rubbed rubber n. 橡皮;橡胶;rubbing n. 摩擦 1. rub sth. with(用某物擦)2. rub against(摩擦) She rubbed her hands to keep warm in the cold.(天冷时她搓手取暖。) 52 washroom n. 洗手间,厕所 复数:washrooms 无 1. public washroom(公共洗手间)2. hotel washroom(酒店洗手间) Where is the nearest washroom?(最近的洗手间在哪里?) 53 uniform n. 制服;队服;adj. 一致的,统一的 复数:uniforms;形容词无比较级 uniformly adv. 一致地;uniformity n. 一致性 1. school uniform(校服)2. uniform standard(统一标准) All students must wear school uniform at school.(所有学生在学校必须穿校服。) 54 violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地 无比较级/最高级 violent adj. 猛烈的;暴力的;violence n. 暴力 1. rain violently(下暴雨)2. argue violently(激烈争论) The storm hit the coast violently last night.(昨晚暴风雨猛烈袭击了海岸。) 55 eagle n. 雕 复数:eagles eagle-eyed adj. 目光敏锐的 1. bald eagle(白头海雕)2. fly like an eagle(像鹰一样飞翔) We saw an eagle flying high in the sky.(我们看到一只鹰在高空飞翔。) 56 dive vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水;n. 冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水 过去式/过去分词:dived/dove;复数:dives diver n. 潜水员;跳水运动员 1. dive into(潜入)2. diving competition(跳水比赛) The bird dived into the water to catch a fish.(那只鸟潜入水中捕鱼。) 57 thunder vi. 轰隆轰隆地响;打雷;n. 雷,雷声 过去式/过去分词:thundered;不可数 thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的;thunderstorm n. 雷暴 1. thunder and lightning(雷电交加)2. thunder loudly(雷声大作) It thundered heavily during the night.(夜里雷声大作。) 58 freeze vi. & vt. (froze, frozen) 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵 过去式:froze;过去分词:frozen freezing adj. 极冷的;freezer n. 冰箱冷冻室 1. freeze up(冻住)2. freeze with fear(吓得呆住) The river freezes over every winter.(这条河每年冬天都会结冰。) 59 deck n. 甲板,舱面 复数:decks decked adj. 装饰的;deckhand n. 甲板水手 1. ship’s deck(船甲板)2. on the deck(在甲板上) Passengers stood on the deck to enjoy the sea view.(乘客们站在甲板上欣赏海景。) 60 meanwhile adv. 同时;其间;对比之下 无比较级/最高级 无 1. meanwhile, + 句子(同时……)2. in the meanwhile(与此同时) I was doing my homework; meanwhile, my sister was watching TV.(我在做作业,与此同时,我妹妹在看电视。) 61 drag vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动 过去式/过去分词:dragged dragger n. 拖曳者;dragnet n. 拖网 1. drag sth. along(拖着某物走)2. drag oneself(拖着身子走) He dragged the heavy box across the floor.(他把沉重的箱子拖过地板。) 62 chaos n. 混乱,杂乱 不可数 chaotic adj. 混乱的;chaotically adv. 混乱地 1. in chaos(处于混乱中)2. cause chaos(造成混乱) The traffic was in chaos after the accident.(事故发生后,交通陷入混乱。) 63 navy n. 海军,海军部队 复数:navies naval adj. 海军的;navigate vt. 航行 1. national navy(国家海军)2. join the navy(参军入伍海军) His brother serves in the navy.(他的哥哥在海军服役。) 64 bleed vi. (bled, bled) 失血,流血 过去式/过去分词:bled blood n. 血;bloody adj. 流血的 1. bleed to death(流血致死)2. bleed from(从……流血) He cut his hand and it began to bleed.(他割伤了手,开始流血。) 65 hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出;vi. 孵化;孵出 过去式/过去分词:hatched;复数:hatches hatcher n. 孵化器;策划者 1. hatch a plan(密谋计划)2. hatch eggs(孵蛋) The criminals hatched a plan to rob the bank.(罪犯们策划了一起银行抢劫案。) 66 plot n. 阴谋;故事情节;vi. & vt. 密谋 复数:plots;过去式/过去分词:plotted plotter n. 密谋者;绘图仪 1. a plot against(针对……的阴谋)2. story plot(故事情节) The novel has an exciting plot that keeps readers interested.(这部小说的故事情节激动人心,让读者爱不释手。) 67 infamy n. 臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶 不可数 infamous adj. 臭名昭著的;声名狼藉的 1. live in infamy(声名狼藉)2. crime of infamy(恶行) The dictator’s name is remembered for infamy.(这个独裁者的名字因声名狼藉而被铭记。) 68 sink vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉,沉没;坐下;降低;n. 水槽,洗涤槽 过去式:sank;过去分词:sunk;复数:sinks sinking adj. 下沉的;sinkhole n. sinkhole(天坑) 1. sink into the sea(沉入海底)2. sink down(坐下) The old ship sank slowly after hitting the rock.(那艘旧船触礁后慢慢沉没。) 69 memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;adj. 纪念的 复数:memorials;形容词无比较级 memorize vt. 记忆;memory n. 记忆 1. war memorial(战争纪念碑)2. in memorial of(为纪念……) They built a memorial to honor the fallen soldiers.(他们建造了一座纪念碑来纪念阵亡士兵。) 70 pray vi. & vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告 过去式/过去分词:prayed prayer n. 祈祷;祷告文 1. pray for(祈求……)2. pray to God(向上帝祈祷) She prayed for her son’s safe return.(她祈求儿子平安归来。) 71 episode n. 一段经历,片段;一集 复数:episodes episodic adj. 片段的;插话式的 1. TV episode(电视剧集)2. an episode of life(人生片段) The final episode of the TV series will be aired next week.(这部电视剧的最后一集将于下周播出。) 72 textile n. 纺织品;(textiles) 纺织业 复数:textiles textile adj. 纺织的;textile mill(纺织厂) The country’s main industry is textiles.(这个国家的主要产业是纺织业。) 73 reform vt. 改进,改良,改革;n. 改革,改良 过去式/过去分词:reformed;复数:reforms reformist adj. 改革的;n. 改革者 1. educational reform(教育改革)2. reform the system(改革制度) The government introduced a series of economic reforms.(政府推出了一系列经济改革措施。) 74 output n. 产量,输出量 复数:outputs input n. 输入(对应词);output vt. 输出 1. agricultural output(农业产量)2. data output(数据输出) The factory’s annual output has increased by 20%.(这家工厂的年产量增长了20%。) 75 cloth n. 织物,布料 复数:cloths clothing n. 衣物;cloth adj. 布制的 1. cotton cloth(棉布)2. a piece of cloth(一块布) She bought some colorful cloth to make dresses.(她买了一些彩色布料做裙子。) 76 shift n. 改变,转移;轮班;vi. & vt.(使)移动,(使)转移;改变 过去式/过去分词:shifted;复数:shifts shifting adj. 移动的;变化的 1. shift work(轮班工作)2. shift attention(转移注意力) The wind shifted direction during the night.(夜里风向变了。) 77 cottage n. 小屋,村舍 复数:cottages cottage-style adj. 村舍式的 1. country cottage(乡村小屋)2. beach cottage(海滨村舍) They spent their summer vacation in a small cottage by the lake.(他们在湖边的一间小屋度过了暑假。) 78 cottage industry 家庭手工业 无词形变化 无 1. traditional cottage industry(传统家庭手工业)2. develop cottage industry(发展家庭手工业) Many villagers make handicrafts as a cottage industry.(许多村民以制作手工艺品为家庭手工业。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 Back to the past 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册
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Unit 3 Back to the past 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册
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Unit 3 Back to the past 词汇同步笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册
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