内容正文:
译林版 选必3 Unit 3 Back to the past.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
breadth n. 宽度;广泛
不可数
broad adj. 宽的;broadly adv. 广泛地
1. breadth of knowledge(知识面)2. width and breadth(宽度和广度)
His travels gave him a remarkable breadth of experience.(他的旅行让他拥有了丰富的阅历。)
2
convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说
过去式/过去分词:convinced
convincing adj. 有说服力的;convincement n. 确信
1. convince sb. of sth.(使某人相信某事)2. convince sb. to do(说服某人做某事)
She finally convinced her parents to let her study abroad.(她最终说服父母让她出国留学。)
3
voyage n. 航海,航行,航天;vi. 航行,远行
复数:voyages;过去式/过去分词:voyaged
voyager n. 航海者;航行者
1. sea voyage(航海)2. space voyage(太空航行)
The sailors set off on a long voyage across the Pacific.(水手们启程进行横渡太平洋的长途航行。)
4
fleet n. 舰队;捕鱼船队;车队
复数:fleets
naval adj. 海军的;fleetly adv. 快速地
1. naval fleet(海军舰队)2. fishing fleet(捕鱼船队)
A large fleet of ships gathered in the harbor.(一支庞大的船队聚集在港口。)
5
navigate vt. 航行;导航;vi. 导航
过去式/过去分词:navigated
navigation n. 导航;航行;navigator n. 领航员
1. navigate the sea(海上航行)2. navigate a website(浏览网站)
The captain skillfully navigated the ship through the storm.(船长熟练地驾驶船只穿过风暴。)
6
on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了
无词形变化
无
1. on behalf of sb.(代表某人)2. on behalf of the team(代表团队)
I’m speaking on behalf of all my colleagues.(我代表所有同事发言。)
7
load vt. & vi. 装上,装入;n. 负载;承载量;大量
过去式/过去分词:loaded;复数:loads
loading n. 装载;loader n. 装载机
1. load sth. with sth.(用某物装载某物)2. a heavy load(沉重的负载)
They loaded the boxes onto the truck carefully.(他们小心翼翼地把箱子装上卡车。)
8
compass n. 罗盘,指南针;圆规
复数:compasses
compassion n. 同情(无关,正确派生词无,填无)
1. magnetic compass(磁罗盘)2. drawing compass(圆规)
He used a compass to find his way in the forest.(他用指南针在森林里找路。)
9
log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木;vi. & vt. 伐木
复数:logs;过去式/过去分词:logged
logger n. 伐木工;logging n. 伐木
1. keep a log(记日志)2. log in(登录)
The captain recorded the ship’s progress in the log.(船长在航海日志中记录了船只的航行情况。)
10
strengthen vt. & vi. 加强,增强
过去式/过去分词:strengthened
strength n. 力量;strong adj. 强壮的
1. strengthen friendship(加强友谊)2. strengthen confidence(增强信心)
Regular exercise helps strengthen your immune system.(规律锻炼有助于增强免疫系统。)
11
harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的
比较级:more harmonious;最高级:most harmonious
harmony n. 和谐;harmonize vt. 使和谐
1. harmonious relationship(和睦的关系)2. harmonious society(和谐社会)
People in the community live in a harmonious atmosphere.(社区里的人们生活在和睦的氛围中。)
12
dismiss vt. 不予考虑,对…不屑一顾;去除,拆除;解雇;解散
过去式/过去分词:dismissed
dismissal n. 解雇;驳回
1. dismiss an idea(不考虑某个想法)2. dismiss sb. from work(解雇某人)
The manager dismissed the suggestion as impractical.(经理认为这个建议不切实际,不予考虑。)
13
proof n. 证据,证明
复数:proofs
prove vt. 证明;proofread vt. 校对
1. scientific proof(科学证据)2. proof of identity(身份证明)
There is no proof that he was at the crime scene.(没有证据表明他在犯罪现场。)
14
acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢
过去式/过去分词:acknowledged
acknowledgment n. 承认;感谢
1. acknowledge one’s mistake(承认错误)2. acknowledge sb.’s help(感谢某人的帮助)
She acknowledged that she had made a mistake.(她承认自己犯了一个错误。)
15
influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的
比较级:more influential;最高级:most influential
influence n. 影响;vt. 影响
1. influential figure(有影响力的人物)2. influential decision(有支配力的决定)
The professor is an influential expert in the field of physics.(这位教授是物理学领域有影响力的专家。)
16
insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求,坚持;坚持说
过去式/过去分词:insisted
insistence n. 坚持;insistent adj. 坚持的
1. insist on doing(坚持做某事)2. insist that(坚持说)
He insisted on going to the meeting despite being ill.(尽管生病,他还是坚持去参加会议。)
17
route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道
复数:routes
router n. 路由器(技术类,高中常见)
1. take a shortcut route(走捷径)2. communication route(沟通渠道)
We chose a scenic route for our road trip.(我们为公路旅行选择了一条风景优美的路线。)
18
financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的
无比较级/最高级
finance n. 财政;金融;financially adv. 财务上
1. financial crisis(金融危机)2. financial support(财政支持)
The company is facing some financial difficulties.(这家公司正面临一些财务困难。)
19
depart vi. & vt. 离开,起程
过去式/过去分词:departed
departure n. 离开;起程
1. depart for(前往)2. depart from(离开)
The plane will depart for Beijing at 3 p.m.(飞机将于下午3点飞往北京。)
20
shortage n. 不足,短缺
复数:shortages
short adj. 短的;短缺的;shorten vt. 缩短
1. shortage of water(水资源短缺)2. food shortage(粮食短缺)
The region is suffering from a severe shortage of electricity.(该地区正遭受严重的电力短缺。)
21
leak vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入;vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露;n. 漏洞
过去式/过去分词:leaked;复数:leaks
leaky adj. 漏的;渗漏的
1. leak out(泄露)2. gas leak(煤气泄漏)
The secret leaked out before the official announcement.(在正式宣布前,秘密就泄露了。)
22
panic n. 惊恐,恐慌;vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措
复数:panics;过去式/过去分词:panicked
panicked adj. 惊慌的;panicky adj. 恐慌的
1. in panic(惊慌地)2. panic about(对……恐慌)
People fled the building in panic when the fire broke out.(火灾发生时,人们惊慌地逃离了大楼。)
23
regardless adv. 不顾,不加理会
无比较级/最高级
regard vt. 认为;n. 关注
1. regardless of(不管)2. push forward regardless(不顾一切地前进)
She continued working regardless of the rain.(尽管下雨,她还是继续工作。)
24
regardless of 不管,不顾
无词形变化
无
1. regardless of age(不管年龄)2. regardless of difficulty(不顾困难)
Everyone can apply for the job regardless of their background.(无论背景如何,每个人都可以申请这份工作。)
25
shore n. 岸,滨
复数:shores
shoreline n. 海岸线;shoreward adj. 向岸的
1. sea shore(海岸)2. along the shore(沿着岸边)
Children are playing on the shore of the lake.(孩子们在湖边玩耍。)
26
subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的
无比较级/最高级
subsequently adv. 随后;subsequence n. 随后发生的事
1. subsequent events(随后的事件)2. subsequent research(后续研究)
He suffered a heart attack and subsequent complications.(他心脏病发作,随后出现了并发症。)
27
captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长
复数:captains
captaincy n. 队长职位;舰长职务
1. ship’s captain(船长)2. team captain(队长)
The captain announced that the flight would be delayed.(机长宣布航班将延误。)
28
allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把…计算在内
无词形变化
无
1. allow for mistakes(考虑到错误)2. allow for time(留出时间)
We need to allow for unexpected delays in our plan.(我们的计划需要考虑到意外延误。)
29
kingdom n. 王国;管辖范围
复数:kingdoms
king n. 国王;queen n. 女王
1. ancient kingdom(古代王国)2. kingdom of nature(自然界)
The kingdom was ruled by a wise king.(这个王国由一位贤明的国王统治。)
30
astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊
过去式/过去分词:astonished
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的;astonishment n. 惊讶
1. be astonished at(对……感到惊讶)2. astonish sb.(使某人惊讶)
Her sudden success astonished everyone around her.(她的突然成功让周围的人都感到惊讶。)
31
royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的
无比较级/最高级
royalty n. 王室成员;王权
1. royal family(王室)2. royal ceremony(盛大仪式)
The royal wedding was watched by millions of people.(数百万观众观看了这场王室婚礼。)
32
tomb n. 坟墓
复数:tombs
tombless adj. 无坟墓的
1. ancient tomb(古墓)2. royal tomb(皇家陵墓)
Archaeologists discovered a valuable artifact in the tomb.(考古学家在这座坟墓中发现了一件珍贵文物。)
33
literary adj. 文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的
无比较级/最高级
literature n. 文学;literary adj. 文学的(本身)
1. literary works(文学作品)2. literary criticism(文学批评)
He has a deep love for literary classics.(他深爱文学经典。)
34
extensively adv. 广阔地;广泛地
无比较级/最高级
extensive adj. 广泛的;广阔的
1. travel extensively(广泛旅行)2. study extensively(深入研究)
She has traveled extensively across Europe.(她已广泛游历了欧洲。)
35
facilitate vt. 使便利,促进
过去式/过去分词:facilitated
facilitation n. 促进;便利;facilitator n. 促进者
1. facilitate communication(促进沟通)2. facilitate cooperation(便利合作)
The new software will facilitate our daily work.(这款新软件将为我们的日常工作提供便利。)
36
sort out 理顺,整理;把…安排好
无词形变化
无
1. sort out files(整理文件)2. sort out problems(解决问题)
I need to sort out my messy desk this weekend.(这个周末我需要整理一下乱糟糟的书桌。)
37
available adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的
无比较级/最高级
availability n. 可用性;可获得性
1. be available for(可用于)2. available time(空闲时间)
Tickets for the concert are available online now.(音乐会门票现在可在网上购买。)
38
prison n. 监狱
复数:prisons
prisoner n. 囚犯;监禁者
1. go to prison(入狱)2. prison sentence(监禁判决)
He spent five years in prison for theft.(他因偷窃入狱五年。)
39
minister n. 大臣,部长
复数:ministers
ministry n. 部;内阁;ministerial adj. 部长的
1. prime minister(首相)2. foreign minister(外交部长)
The education minister announced a new policy on school meals.(教育部长宣布了一项关于学校膳食的新政策。)
40
exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的
比较级:more exceptional;最高级:most exceptional
exception n. 例外;exceptionally adv. 异常地
1. exceptional talent(杰出才能)2. exceptional weather(异常天气)
She showed exceptional courage during the crisis.(她在危机中表现出了非凡的勇气。)
41
phrase n. 成语,习语;短语,词组
复数:phrases
phrasal adj. 短语的;phraseology n. 措辞
1. set phrase(固定短语)2. English phrases(英语短语)
You need to memorize some useful phrases for the exam.(你需要为考试记忆一些有用的短语。)
42
format n. 总体安排,设计;版式
复数:formats
formatted adj. 格式化的;formatting n. 格式化
1. book format(书籍版式)2. event format(活动流程设计)
The magazine has a new format that is more reader-friendly.(这本杂志有了新版式,更方便读者阅读。)
43
shelf n. (pl. shelves)(书架等的)架子,搁板
复数:shelves
shelved adj. 搁置的;shelf-life n. 保质期
1. book shelf(书架)2. on the shelf(在架子上)
I placed the new books on the top shelf.(我把新书放在了最上层的架子上。)
44
adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养;vi. 领养,收养
过去式/过去分词:adopted
adoption n. 采用;领养;adoptive adj. 收养的
1. adopt a policy(采取政策)2. adopt a child(领养孩子)
The company decided to adopt a new management system.(公司决定采用新的管理系统。)
45
comparison n. 对比;比较
复数:comparisons
compare vt. 比较;comparative adj. 比较的
1. in comparison with(与……相比)2. make a comparison(进行比较)
The new model is better in comparison with the old one.(与旧款相比,新款更好。)
46
pack vt. & vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装;n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包
过去式/过去分词:packed;复数:packs
package n. 包裹;packing n. 包装
1. pack up(打包)2. pack sth. into(把某物塞进)
She packed her suitcase carefully for the trip.(她为旅行仔细收拾了行李箱。)
47
contrary adj. 相反的,相对立的;截然不同的
无比较级/最高级
contradict vt. 反驳;矛盾;contradiction n. 矛盾
1. be contrary to(与……相反)2. contrary opinion(相反的意见)
His actions are contrary to his words.(他言行不一。)
48
contrary to 与…相反
无词形变化
无
1. contrary to expectation(出乎意料)2. contrary to fact(与事实相反)
Contrary to what he said, he didn’t attend the meeting.(与他所说的相反,他没有参加会议。)
49
hell n. 地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况
不可数
hellish adj. 地狱般的;痛苦的
1. go to hell(下地狱)2. living hell(人间地狱)
The prisoners described the camp as a living hell.(囚犯们称这个营地为人间地狱。)
50
aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)
无词形变化
无
1. go aboard(上船/飞机等)2. be aboard(在船上/飞机等上)
Passengers are requested to go aboard the plane now.(请乘客们现在登机。)
51
rub vt. & vi. 擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦
过去式/过去分词:rubbed
rubber n. 橡皮;橡胶;rubbing n. 摩擦
1. rub sth. with(用某物擦)2. rub against(摩擦)
She rubbed her hands to keep warm in the cold.(天冷时她搓手取暖。)
52
washroom n. 洗手间,厕所
复数:washrooms
无
1. public washroom(公共洗手间)2. hotel washroom(酒店洗手间)
Where is the nearest washroom?(最近的洗手间在哪里?)
53
uniform n. 制服;队服;adj. 一致的,统一的
复数:uniforms;形容词无比较级
uniformly adv. 一致地;uniformity n. 一致性
1. school uniform(校服)2. uniform standard(统一标准)
All students must wear school uniform at school.(所有学生在学校必须穿校服。)
54
violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地
无比较级/最高级
violent adj. 猛烈的;暴力的;violence n. 暴力
1. rain violently(下暴雨)2. argue violently(激烈争论)
The storm hit the coast violently last night.(昨晚暴风雨猛烈袭击了海岸。)
55
eagle n. 雕
复数:eagles
eagle-eyed adj. 目光敏锐的
1. bald eagle(白头海雕)2. fly like an eagle(像鹰一样飞翔)
We saw an eagle flying high in the sky.(我们看到一只鹰在高空飞翔。)
56
dive vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水;n. 冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水
过去式/过去分词:dived/dove;复数:dives
diver n. 潜水员;跳水运动员
1. dive into(潜入)2. diving competition(跳水比赛)
The bird dived into the water to catch a fish.(那只鸟潜入水中捕鱼。)
57
thunder vi. 轰隆轰隆地响;打雷;n. 雷,雷声
过去式/过去分词:thundered;不可数
thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的;thunderstorm n. 雷暴
1. thunder and lightning(雷电交加)2. thunder loudly(雷声大作)
It thundered heavily during the night.(夜里雷声大作。)
58
freeze vi. & vt. (froze, frozen) 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵
过去式:froze;过去分词:frozen
freezing adj. 极冷的;freezer n. 冰箱冷冻室
1. freeze up(冻住)2. freeze with fear(吓得呆住)
The river freezes over every winter.(这条河每年冬天都会结冰。)
59
deck n. 甲板,舱面
复数:decks
decked adj. 装饰的;deckhand n. 甲板水手
1. ship’s deck(船甲板)2. on the deck(在甲板上)
Passengers stood on the deck to enjoy the sea view.(乘客们站在甲板上欣赏海景。)
60
meanwhile adv. 同时;其间;对比之下
无比较级/最高级
无
1. meanwhile, + 句子(同时……)2. in the meanwhile(与此同时)
I was doing my homework; meanwhile, my sister was watching TV.(我在做作业,与此同时,我妹妹在看电视。)
61
drag vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动
过去式/过去分词:dragged
dragger n. 拖曳者;dragnet n. 拖网
1. drag sth. along(拖着某物走)2. drag oneself(拖着身子走)
He dragged the heavy box across the floor.(他把沉重的箱子拖过地板。)
62
chaos n. 混乱,杂乱
不可数
chaotic adj. 混乱的;chaotically adv. 混乱地
1. in chaos(处于混乱中)2. cause chaos(造成混乱)
The traffic was in chaos after the accident.(事故发生后,交通陷入混乱。)
63
navy n. 海军,海军部队
复数:navies
naval adj. 海军的;navigate vt. 航行
1. national navy(国家海军)2. join the navy(参军入伍海军)
His brother serves in the navy.(他的哥哥在海军服役。)
64
bleed vi. (bled, bled) 失血,流血
过去式/过去分词:bled
blood n. 血;bloody adj. 流血的
1. bleed to death(流血致死)2. bleed from(从……流血)
He cut his hand and it began to bleed.(他割伤了手,开始流血。)
65
hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出;vi. 孵化;孵出
过去式/过去分词:hatched;复数:hatches
hatcher n. 孵化器;策划者
1. hatch a plan(密谋计划)2. hatch eggs(孵蛋)
The criminals hatched a plan to rob the bank.(罪犯们策划了一起银行抢劫案。)
66
plot n. 阴谋;故事情节;vi. & vt. 密谋
复数:plots;过去式/过去分词:plotted
plotter n. 密谋者;绘图仪
1. a plot against(针对……的阴谋)2. story plot(故事情节)
The novel has an exciting plot that keeps readers interested.(这部小说的故事情节激动人心,让读者爱不释手。)
67
infamy n. 臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶
不可数
infamous adj. 臭名昭著的;声名狼藉的
1. live in infamy(声名狼藉)2. crime of infamy(恶行)
The dictator’s name is remembered for infamy.(这个独裁者的名字因声名狼藉而被铭记。)
68
sink vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉,沉没;坐下;降低;n. 水槽,洗涤槽
过去式:sank;过去分词:sunk;复数:sinks
sinking adj. 下沉的;sinkhole n. sinkhole(天坑)
1. sink into the sea(沉入海底)2. sink down(坐下)
The old ship sank slowly after hitting the rock.(那艘旧船触礁后慢慢沉没。)
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memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;adj. 纪念的
复数:memorials;形容词无比较级
memorize vt. 记忆;memory n. 记忆
1. war memorial(战争纪念碑)2. in memorial of(为纪念……)
They built a memorial to honor the fallen soldiers.(他们建造了一座纪念碑来纪念阵亡士兵。)
70
pray vi. & vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告
过去式/过去分词:prayed
prayer n. 祈祷;祷告文
1. pray for(祈求……)2. pray to God(向上帝祈祷)
She prayed for her son’s safe return.(她祈求儿子平安归来。)
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episode n. 一段经历,片段;一集
复数:episodes
episodic adj. 片段的;插话式的
1. TV episode(电视剧集)2. an episode of life(人生片段)
The final episode of the TV series will be aired next week.(这部电视剧的最后一集将于下周播出。)
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textile n. 纺织品;(textiles) 纺织业
复数:textiles
textile adj. 纺织的;textile mill(纺织厂)
The country’s main industry is textiles.(这个国家的主要产业是纺织业。)
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reform vt. 改进,改良,改革;n. 改革,改良
过去式/过去分词:reformed;复数:reforms
reformist adj. 改革的;n. 改革者
1. educational reform(教育改革)2. reform the system(改革制度)
The government introduced a series of economic reforms.(政府推出了一系列经济改革措施。)
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output n. 产量,输出量
复数:outputs
input n. 输入(对应词);output vt. 输出
1. agricultural output(农业产量)2. data output(数据输出)
The factory’s annual output has increased by 20%.(这家工厂的年产量增长了20%。)
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cloth n. 织物,布料
复数:cloths
clothing n. 衣物;cloth adj. 布制的
1. cotton cloth(棉布)2. a piece of cloth(一块布)
She bought some colorful cloth to make dresses.(她买了一些彩色布料做裙子。)
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shift n. 改变,转移;轮班;vi. & vt.(使)移动,(使)转移;改变
过去式/过去分词:shifted;复数:shifts
shifting adj. 移动的;变化的
1. shift work(轮班工作)2. shift attention(转移注意力)
The wind shifted direction during the night.(夜里风向变了。)
77
cottage n. 小屋,村舍
复数:cottages
cottage-style adj. 村舍式的
1. country cottage(乡村小屋)2. beach cottage(海滨村舍)
They spent their summer vacation in a small cottage by the lake.(他们在湖边的一间小屋度过了暑假。)
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cottage industry 家庭手工业
无词形变化
无
1. traditional cottage industry(传统家庭手工业)2. develop cottage industry(发展家庭手工业)
Many villagers make handicrafts as a cottage industry.(许多村民以制作手工艺品为家庭手工业。)
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