Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点词汇讲解课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

人教版必修三Unit 4 词汇讲解 运用词汇 1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→ adv.精神上;智力上;思想上 2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→ n.智力;才智;智慧→ adv.聪明地;明智地 3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→ vt.查明;确定;决定→ n.决心;决定;确定 4.transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送→ n.(无线电、电视等信号的)播送,发送 mentally intelligence intelligently determine determination transmission Part1 5.disappointment n.失望;沮丧→ vt.使失望;使沮丧→ adj.失望的;沮丧的→ adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的 6.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→ adj.普遍的;全世界的;共同的→ adv.普遍地;到处 7.independently adv.独立地;自立地→ adj.独立的;自立的→ n.独立;自主→ vi.依靠 disappoint disappointed disappointing universal universally independent independence depend 8.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→ adj.短缺的;不足的 9.current adj.当前的;现在的 n.水流;电流;思潮→ adv.现时;当前→ n.通货;货币;流行 10.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→ adv.充分地;足够地→ n.足量;充足→ adj.不充分的;不够重要的 lacking currently currency sufficiently sufficiency insufficient 11.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪→ adj.全球的;全世界的;全面的→ adv.全球地;全局地→ n.全球化 12.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→ n.争论;争吵;论点 13.analysis n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果→ vt.分析 14.regularly adv.经常;定期地→ adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→ adj.无规律的;不定期的 global globally globalisation argument analyse regular irregular 15.limited adj.有限的→ adj.无限的→ n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定 16.closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭→ vt.关闭 adj.近的;亲密的→ adv.仔细地;严密地 17.mystery n.神秘事物;谜→ adj.神秘的 limitless limit close closely mysterious 1. procedure n. 程序；步骤 proceed v. 运行，运作 process v.&n. 过程 processor n. 处理器 proceed with 开展... proceed to do 继续做... eg: Our team will proceed with this plan tomorrow. the procedure for[ doing] sth. [做]某事的程序/步骤/手续 1)Do you know anything about the selection procedure for astronauts? 2)The results show clearly that this procedure is correct. 3)What’s the procedure for opening a bank account(账户)？ 2.mental adj. 精神的；思想的 mentally adv. 心理上地；精神上地 P97 physical adj. physically adv. 身体的；物理的 spirit: n. 精神；心灵；情绪 thought: n. 思想；想法 mental development mental health/illness/problems physical and mental health physical and mental conditions 心理健康/疾病/问题 智力发展 身心健康 身心状况 积极的态度能极大地有助于一个人的身心健康。(Translate) A positive attitude can greatly contribute to one's physical and mental health. 规律的锻炼和积极的心态使人身心都健康。（Translate) Regular exercise and a positive mindset make people mentally and physically healthy. stay/keep/remain/maintain physically and mentally healthy 保持身心健康 stay/keep/remain/maintain physical and mental health 保持身心健康 8 1. It is said that taking exercise is good to ________________（智力发展）. 2. Long years of civil war in that African country affected people’s _______________________（身心健康）. 3. The research has shown that listening to music or playing instruments can help heal ____________________________（身心状况）. mental development physical and mental health physical and mental conditions [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 3.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的 intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧 P98 First of all, you must be intelligent enough (get) to get a related college degree. She is a woman of exceptional (intelligent). to get be intelligent to do sth. 做某事是明智的 be intelligent to do 做…是明智的 an intelligent question 机智的问题 intelligent beings 有智力的生物 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 人工智能 a person of high/low/average intelligence 智力高/低/正常的人 intelligence (be) of intelligence=intelligent 有智慧的；聪明的 10 4.be curious about 对...感到好奇 curiosity n. 好奇心；珍品；奇物P98 When I first saw you from across the room, I could tell that you were curious. 当我第一次从汹涌的人潮里看到你时，我就知道你是多么的与众不同。 curious adj. 奇妙的；稀奇的；不同寻常的 I am so curious about who’s the guy you are texting to. 我很好奇你在跟哪个人发短信。 Many men have been attracted by the unknown world and curious (know) curious adj. 好奇的 be curious about + 宾从/n. 对...感到好奇 to know be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 out of curiosity 出于好奇 (Make a sentence) meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 11 5.be related to 与...有联系 P99 have sth. to do with=be involved in =be connected with =in connection with=in relation to If I can't relate to you anymore 如果我和你再无共鸣 Then who am I related to 那我还能和谁联系 relate v. 认同；理解 If you are asked (relate) questions, you must not tell them. The report contains information (relate) to the company’s financial performances. to relate/related relate v. 讲述；叙述 relate v. (使)有联系；联系 relating/related relate to... 涉及；与...相关 relate...to/with... 把...和...联系起来 related adj. 相关的；有关系的 relation n. 关系 relationship n. (人际)关系 Coney Island 12 6.limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj.有限的 limit v.限制；限定 n. 限制 limitless adj.无限制的；无界限的 limitation n.限制；控制 be limited to… 受限于…… My knowledge of the subject is limited to what I’ve read in books. 我对这门学科的知识仅限于我在书中读到的。 There is a limit to …… ……是有限度的 There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. limited company 有限公司 7.determine vt.查明；确定，决定 (1) She gave me a (determine) look. (2) I am determined _________ (make) use of my spare time to do exercise. (3) I have determined on (go) to the countryside after graduation. (4) 他们决定给妈妈一个惊喜。 determined to make going determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 determination n.决心 determine to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事 decide to do sth = make a decision to do sth with determination 坚决地；果断地 8. launch vt./n. 发射；发起；上市 After the Dragon spacecrafts were launched successfully many times, Space X launched an advertisement campaign：the new model will be launched in two months. ①（航天器等）发射 ②发起；发动（活动） ③（新产品、新书等）推出；上市；发行 launch oneself in sth.投身于... eg: She launched herself in her career as an actress. launch a satellite/rocket 发射卫星/火箭 launch an attack 发起/进行攻击 1. My parents will be disappointed ______ me if I fail the exam. 2. The fans looked quite when they heard the ______________result. 3.To our , it rained every day during the trip. disappointed disappointing with disappointment 9.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 be disappointed with sb./ sth. 对某人/某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 in disappointment 失望地 10.transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送 P103 transmitting transmitted transmission n. 传播；发射 transmitter n. 发射台；传播者 The game was transmitted live in Spain and Italy... 这场比赛在西班牙和意大利进行了现场直播。 ...mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans... 传染疾病给人类的蚊子 The message they are transmitting to their daughters is very different from that of previous generations… 他们向女儿传输的信息与上几代人截然不同。 The message was transmitted a radio station to audience. ① 传送;传递;播送 ② 传播，传染(疾病) ③ 传达，传输(思想、感情) from transmit sth. (from..) to... 把某物（从...）传到... 17 11. desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. 希望得到；想要 desire to do…=have a desire to do…渴望做某事 desire sth=have a desire for sth渴望某物 desire sb to do…=desire that sb (should)do..渴望/希望某人做… desire 后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词 用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。 类似：一个“坚持”（insist）； 两道“命令”（order，command）； 四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise，recommend）； 五点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require，urge）。 ①单句语法填空 1. It is obvious that she has a strong desire _____ power. 2. Henry desires _________(receive) his graduation certificate soon. 3. The parents in China desire that the current education system ________________ (adjust) to ensure their good sleep. ②翻译 我们期望大家生活在一个安全、无污染的环境中。 We desire that everyone (should) live in a safe environment without pollution. We desire everyone to live in a safe environment without pollution. for to receive (should) be adjusted [巩固内化] 19 12.carry on 继续干;坚持干 carry on with sth 继续做某事 Carry on with your work while I'm away. 我不在时你要接着干。 carry out 执行 carry out a plan 执行计划 carry sb. through 使某人渡过难关 His determination carried him through the ordeal. 他靠坚强的信心渡过了难关。 carry sb back to sth 使某人回想起某事 The smell of the sea carried her back to her childhood.大海的气息勾起了她童年的回忆。 1. Three students were chosen to carry _____ the experiment. 2. It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to carry it ________. 3. Attitudes learned at home can carry ____ into school. 1. Her brave story has given me the will to ____________________ (继续我的工作). 2. You’ll have an accident if you _______________________ (继续像那样开车). out through over carry on with my work carry on driving like that [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 13.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 board n. 板；木板 ；黑板，告示牌；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食 v. 登上船（车、飞机等） aboard adv.& prep. 在船（车、飞机等）上；上船（火车、飞机等） broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的；粗略的 abroad adv. 在国外；到国外 14.independent independently adv.独立地；自立地 independence n.独立，自主 dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 depend vi.依赖，依靠； dependence n.依赖；依靠； adj.独立的;自立的 depend on/upon... (=lean on =rely on) 依赖/取决于…… He was the sort of person you could depend on. 他这个人你是可以信赖的。 15.desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 desirable adj. 想望的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的 It is no longer desirable for adult children to live with their parents. 孩子长大成人后便不再想与父母住在一起了。 have a (strong) desire for sth /to do sth 急于想得到某物/ 渴望做某事 desire (sb) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事 meet/satisfy one’s desire(s) 满足某人的愿望 16.signal vt.&vi.标志着;标明；发信号 n.信号；标志 sign n.迹象，标志，指示牌 v.签名 signature n 署名；签名 significant adj.显著的，重要的 significance n.重要性，意义 signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 send a signal 发出信号 17.so as to 为了；以便 so as to do sth 为了做某事（放句中，一般不放句首） We went early so as to get good seats.为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。 in order to do sth 为了做某事（可放在句中/句首） In order to keep the environment clean, everyone should recycle and reduce waste.为了保持环境清洁，每个人都应该回收并减少浪费。 new adj. 新的→renew v. 使更新；重新开始 place v. 放；置→ replace vt. 取代；放回 move v. 移动→ remove vt. 移开；挪走 use vt. 使用→ reuse vt. 再利用 build v. 建；建造→ rebuild v. 重建 re- + 18. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 recyclable adj. 可再回收利用的 recycling [U] n. 回收利用；循环使用 27 19.lack /læk/ n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏 lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的；不足的 a lack of 缺乏…… lack sth（eg: confidence） 缺乏自信 be lacking in sth 在…方面缺乏 反义表达： be rich in / be abundant in 富含某物或某物很充足 ①Although _________(lack) the support of the banks, Mike managed to save his company with the help of his friend. ②Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness ________lack of proper treatment. ③Lack ________ experience made John fail in the interview, but it didn’t mean that he couldn’t find a suitable job. 一句多译 汤姆尽管缺乏信心，但尽了一切努力，最终梦想成真。 ①Though Tom _________________, he made every effort and his dream came true at last. ②In spite of ___________________, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last. lacking for of lacked confidence (a) lack of confidence lacking confidence 20.beyond prep. 在更远处，超出 be beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力： The whole problem was quite beyond him. 整个问题他完全搞不懂。 ☞beyond imagination 超乎想象 ☞beyond belief 不可置信 ☞beyond (one's) control 超出(某人的)控制 21. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；计算（数量或成本） “v.+out”短语归纳： break out（战争、灾难等）爆发；发生 bring out 使显出；出版；生产 give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出（热、光等） come out 出现；出版；结果是 make out 勉强看见、听出；理解；弄清楚 look out/watch out 当心；留神 turn out 制造；生产；最后是；结果是 work out 算出；想出；制订出；锻炼；解决；产生结果；被证明有效 22.sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ adj.足够的；充足的 be sufficient for sb/sth 对某人/某物来说足够 be sufficient to do sth = be enough to do sth 足以做某事 sufficiently adv.充分地；足够地 反: insufficient adj. 不充分的，不足的 self-sufficient adj.自给自足的, 自立的 sufficiency n. 足够；充分 23.keen adj.热衷的;渴望的 be keen ________ sth “渴望做某事” be keen ________ sth “对某物热心/喜欢某事” be keen that… 渴望… [从句谓语常用should +动词原形] have a keen eye for… 对…有敏锐的眼光 那个小女孩渴望能炫耀她的新衣服. The little girl _____________________ her new clothes. 2) 她对音乐充满了热情，还学习了弹吉他。 She _____________________and learned to play the guitar. to do on is keen to show off was keen on music 渴望做某事： be eager to do sth be longing to do sth long to do sth 24. argue vt. & vi. 论证; 争辩；争论; 表明 argument n. 争论；辩论 arguable adj. 可论证的; 有论据的; 无把握的 argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人 争论某事 argue for 为支持……而争辩 argue against 为反对……而争辩；不赞成 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/ 不做 have an argument with sb. 与某人争论/ 争吵 have an argument about/over sth. 为某事争论/ 争吵 【词语辨析】argue与 debate （1）argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。 （2）debate 侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。 25.analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果 复数：analyses analyze v.分析；解析（analyse） in the final/last analysis 归根到底；总之 provide sb. with sth. 把某物提供给某人 provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供某物 provided that ... 如果/假如 offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb. 26. provide for sb. 提供生活所需 向某人提供某物 27. run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态） run out of 用完，耗尽（及物动词短语，有被动语态） eg: Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience. use up (sth.) 用完，用尽（及物动词短语） ( sth.) give out 用完，用尽（不及物动词短语） run/go after追逐;追踪 run into撞上;偶然遇到 run over超时;轧过 1. I can't go out this Saturday because I'm ____________ money. 2. Time is _____________； I suggest we skip to the last chapter. running out of running out run across 偶然遇见（或看到） run away from... 逃离······ run into 碰到（某人），遇到（困难）；撞上 run after 追逐；追求 3.Tom was_______________ Jerry when Jerry ___________ a pole. Jerry must _____________ Tom for safety. He ran, ran , ran.... Finally, both of them _____________ their strength. running after ran into run away from ran out of [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 28. attach vt. 系；绑；贴；和...在一起；认为有重要性: vi. 与……有关联； attachment n. 附属；附着；依恋 attach... to... 把……固定在/ 附在……上 attach to sb/sth 与......有关联 attach（great/little）importance/significance/ value/weight to 认为……（很有/ 几乎没有）重要性/ 意义/ 价值/ 分量 attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的 be attached to 喜欢；附属于；为……工作 注意:以上 attach 短语中的 to 均为介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 1)While sleeping, they must ________ themselves ____ something so as to prevent floating around. 2)Don’t forget to ________ a recent photo ____ your application form. 3)The hospital/school _______________ that university. 4)We _____________________________ this research. 我们认为这个研究很重要。 attach to attach to is attached to attach great importance to [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 Thanks！ Lavf58.20.100 Lavf58.20.100 Lavf58.20.100 $