专题03 阅读理解（说明文 ）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南雅礼中学·期末） Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score (CRS) – their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 28. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 29. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 30. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 31. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. Passage 2 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南雅礼中学·期末） Astronomers have discovered a six-pack of planets, formed at least 4 billion years ago and remarkably unchanged since, orbiting a nearby sun-like star. The new planets could provide a breakthrough in the understanding of how planets form and why there are so many between the sizes of Earth and Neptune (海王星), a kind known as “sub Neptunes” that is strikingly common in our galaxy (银河系). These newfound worlds are hot, full of gas and unlikely to be pleasant places to visit. Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system. Therefore, the hunt for Earth 2.0 goes on. But what makes these planets unusual, in addition to their large number, is that they are locked into a resonance (共振) with one another as they orbit the star. One planet, for example, will make precisely three orbits while a neighbouring planet makes two. “This resonance is very rare in nature,” lead author Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in a webinar Tuesday with reporters. This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that. The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance —for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star — for billions of years. In this case, the planets formed with their parent star from a cloud of gas and dust and relatively quickly found their resonant orbits. And then nothing exciting happened to change that. This unusual orbital pattern is clear in the title of the new paper: “A resonant sub-Neptune passing the bright star HD 110067.” “Occasionally, nature reveals an absolute treasure,” Sara Seager, a professor of planetary science at MIT and a co-author of the new paper, said in an email. “HD 110067 is an immediate astronomical discovery — offering a key system to help unlock some mysteries of planet formation and evolution.” 32. Why should the hunt for Earth 2.0 go on according to the passage? A. The new-found planets are “sub Neptunes” that are too big. B. The new-found planets are orbiting a star different from the sun. C. The new-found planets are not suitable for human beings to live on. D. The new-found planets formed at least 4 billion years ago and changed significantly. 33. Which of the following is not the special aspect of these six planets? A. Their two-by-three orbital pattern. B. Their being controlled by mathematics. C. Their not having suffered great disturbance. D. Their being stable and unchanged since they were formed. 34. Why did the new-found planets form this two-by-three orbital pattern? A. A cloud of gas and dust found their orbit quickly. B. Their parent star formed before a disastrous impact. C. Another star passed the planets for billions of years. D. The whole planet set was not disturbed from the beginning. 35. What is the best title for the article? A. The Search for Earth 2.0 Continues B. Resonant Planets Don’t Welcome Humans C. The Discovery of “sub Neptunes” in Universe D. Unlocking the Mysteries of Planet Formation with HD 110067 Passage 3 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南百师联盟·期末） The early 19th century French writer Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, famous for his observations about the pleasures of food and eating, beautifully summarized the positive power of eating outdoors. He called outdoor dining, “perfect freedom,” in which “the universe is diners’ drawing room and the sun their lamp.” He continues, noting that eating outdoors, people “have appetite, nature’s special gift, which lends to such a meal the liveliness unknown indoors, however beautiful the indoor surroundings.” Research supports Brillat-Savarin’s poetic insights with suggestions that eating outdoors can offer benefit of stress reduction. This stands to reason, given that studies have shown that as little of 20minutes outdoors-with or without food and drink-can lower the stress hormone cortisol (激素皮质醇). In a food context, this lower stress level helps us pay attention to what we’re eating. We enjoy and taste food in a more focused way than when we’re inside. Eating with attention, the wellness writer Mitra Malek notes, increases both concentration and joy: “Being mentally present when we eat...helps us better notice how pleasurable food is.” If you’ve ever thought that even a simple sandwich tastes better at the beach, you naturally understand the connection between fresh, open air and the mental space to enjoy every bite. Research also shows that eating outdoors can heighten immunity (免疫力). Our immune systems are better equipped to resist the attack of diseases when we spend time in nature. One Japanese study linked time in the woods increased immune-boosting cells called NK cells, with the benefit lasting up to seven days after the natural experience. As you taste a crisp salad, a dish of ice cream or a meal fresh off the grill (烤架), take the time to congratulate yourself for choosing to eat in Brillat-Savarin’s universal outdoor drawing room, investing in your health and wellness—and just enjoying the beautiful world in which you live. 32. What does Brillat-Savarin mean by saying outdoor dining provide “perfect freedom”? A. Human can feel close to nature. B. People can get more diet freedom. C. Life is independent of the environment. D. Beautiful surroundings matters. 33. Why do researchers highly recommend eating outdoors? A. It can increase the stress hormone cortisol. B. It can ease pressure and boost immunity. C. It can raise our environmental awareness. D. It can help people spend more time in nature. 34. How does a lower stress level help us when eating outdoors? A. It makes us eat faster and save time. B. It makes us more focused on the food. C. It makes us enjoy the surroundings more. D. It exercises our immune system’s strength. 35. What does the author encourage readers to do when eating outdoors? A. Care about the weather. B. Rush through their meals. C. Appreciate the experience. D. Eat salads and ice cream. Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南郴州市·期末） New psychology research points to the factors that explain why we find particular poems aesthetically pleasing. “While it may seem obvious that individual taste matters in judgments of poetry, we found certain factors consistently influence how much a poem will be enjoyed.” Aesthetics (美学), the basis of what we find appealing or not, play an important role in our everyday lives. However, little is known about how we make these judgments. The researchers sought to answer an age-old question — “Why do we like what we like?” — by measuring what we find aesthetically pleasing in poetry. To do this, the team had more than 400 participants read and rate poems of two genres — haiku and sonnet — with the aim of understanding the factors that best predicted the aesthetic appeal of the poems. After reading each poem, participants answered questions about the poem’s vividness (“How vivid is the imagery evoked from this poem?”), emotional arousal (“How relaxing or stimulating is this poem?”), emotional valence (“How positive or negative is the content of this poem?”), and aesthetic appeal (“How enjoyable or aesthetically appealing did you find this poem?”). Their results showed that vividness of mental imagery was the best predictor of aesthetic appeal — poems that evoked greater imagery were more pleasing. Emotional valence also predicted aesthetic appeal, though to a lesser extent; specifically, poems that were found to be more positive were generally found to be more appealing. By contrast, emotional arousal did not have a clear relationship to aesthetic appeal. “The vividness of a poem consistently predicted its aesthetic appeal,” notes Starr, author of Feeling Beauty: The Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience. “Therefore, it seems that vividness of mental imagery may be a key factor influencing what we like more broadly.” “While limited to poetry,” she adds, “our work sheds light into which facts most influence our aesthetic judgments and paves the way for future research investigating how we make such judgments in other fields.” 28. What did the researchers ask the participants to do? A. Evaluate poems of haiku and sonnet. B. Write the aesthetic appeal of poems. C. Explain factors of emotional valence. D. Ask questions about the poem’s vividness. 29. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 4? A. Poems with more negative content are more appealing. B. Emotional arousal is negatively related to aesthetic appeal. C. Emotional valence is the most important predictor of aesthetic appeal. D. Vividness of mental imagery has the strongest connection with aesthetic appeal. 30. What can be inferred from Starr’s words? A. The research will help explore aesthetic judgments in other fields. B. The finding of vividness being a key factor is only applicable to poetry. C. Emotional valence should be further studied in the context of other art forms. D. The research has little value for understanding aesthetic judgments in other areas. 31. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce different types of poems. B. To discuss the importance of aesthetics. C. To show the findings of aesthetic appeal. D. To persuade people to admire the poems. Passage 5 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南郴州市·期末） Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice. One researcher involved has said that people with the condition shouldn’t try to avoid these antioxidants in their diet, but getting more than they need via supplements could cause harm. Martin Bergö at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and his colleagues previously found that supplementing with the antioxidants vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine caused lung cancers to spread in mice. To better understand how this might occur, Bergö and a different team of researchers studied mice with a specific form of lung cancer and mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells. They supplemented the mice’s water with vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield, and vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet. The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary. “Today in society, a lot of people eat healthily. They have some supplements, and then they also consume other antioxidant-rich foods like ginger shots and smoothies,” says Bergö, “If you do all that, you could end up with the levels of doses — too much — that we’ re talking about.” The researchers found that the higher the antioxidant doses, the greater the rate of blood vessel formation in the tumours. This was true for mice with the specific lung cancer and those with implanted human cancer cells. Increased blood vessel growth would probably lead to tumours growing and spreading, says Bergö, but they didn’t study this. Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. “If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,” he says, “We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.” 32. What is the effect of antioxidant supplements on lung cancer? A. They help to reduce the risk of lung cancer. B. They have little significant impact on lung cancer. C. They prevent the formation of blood vessels in tumors. D. They may cause the growth and spread of lung cancer. 33. What does the underlined word “yield” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Digest. B. Compose. C. Construct. D. Produce. 34. How did the researchers study antioxidants on mice with lung cancer? A. By implanting human cells only. B. By varying the antioxidant doses. C. By comparing specific antioxidants. D. By keeping antioxidant doses fixed. 35. What does Bergö emphasize about the antioxidants in cancer patients’ diets? A. Antioxidants should be completely avoided. B. High doses of antioxidants can directly cause cancer. C. Antioxidants are necessary but their doses should be controlled. D. The study’s results should be used in adjusting the patients’ diets. Passage 6 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南娄底市·期末） A study claims that wearable devices could also be used by cows on the farms of the future. Researchers from Southwest Jiaotong University in China have developed a smartwatch that can be used to monitor cows’ health, reproductivity and location. “Monitoring environmental and health information of cattle can help prevent diseases and improve the efficiency of pasture breeding (草场培育) and management,” said Zutao Zhang, co-author of the study. In the study, the team set out to develop a wearable device that could be used to collect vital information on cows. “This information can include oxygen concentration, air temperature, amount of exercise, reproductive cycles, disease, and milk production,” explained Mr Zhang. The smart devices are worn around the cows’ necks and ankles. They contain a unique motion enhancement mechanism (运动增强机制) to strengthen small movements the cows make. Once captured, the kinetic energy (动能) from the cow’s movements is stored in a battery and used to power the device. This means the device doesn’t need to be charged like a traditional smartwatch. “There is a large amount of kinetic energy that can be harvested in cattle’s daily movements, such as walking, running, and even neck movement,” said co-author Yajia Pan. To put the device to the test, the researchers tested it on human participants. The tests revealed that even a light jog was enough to power temperature measurements on the device. Beyond cows, the researchers say that the smart device could have a range of application in humans. This includes in sports monitoring, healthcare, smart homes, and wireless sensor networks. “Kinetic energy is everywhere in the environment—leaves falling in the wind, the movement of people and animals—these phenomena all contain a lot of kinetic energy,” said Zhang. “We shouldn’t let this energy go to waste.” 32. Why did the team develop the wearable device? A. To monitor cows’ environmental effects. B. To gather vital information on cows. C. To locate where cows reproduce. D. To improve the quality of milk. 33. How is the device different from other smartwatches? A. It can be applied to many human related fields. B. It should be worn around the cow’s necks and ankles. C. It makes use of the energy from the cow’s movements. D. It takes less time to be charged than traditional smartwatches. 34. What do we know about kinetic energy from the last two paragraphs? A. It is easy to harvest. B. It is simple to test. C. It is huge in amount. D. It is widely applied. 35. What is the best title for this passage? A. Wearable Devices in the Future Farm B. The Kinetic Energy in Natural World C. The Quality Meat of the Super Cows D. Wide Applications of a New Invention Passage 7 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东一中·期末） Packaging can play a greater role in keeping produce and other foods fresh, therefore minimizing food waste — especially if consumers can better understand those packaging technologies. That’s among the takeaways of research led by Michigan State University (MSU)’s School of Packaging, detailed in a recently released white paper. In the United States, food waste in landfills doubled from 1990 to 2020, according to data shared by the US Environmental Protection Agency this year. Researchers cited data showing 40% of the food supply is wasted each year, with 43% of that happening at the consumer or household level. Ameripen, the only organization exclusively focused on US public policy for the entire packaging industry, and the Environmental Research & Education Foundation funded research that included a survey of more than 1,000 people in the United States. Ameripen said it wanted to know what role packaging could play in reducing household food waste as well as understand consumer awareness of food packaging’s value and functions. The survey asked consumers about their understanding of packaging forms and willingness to pay more for packaging designed to reduce food waste, among other areas. The study found that whole fruits and vegetables, particularly bananas and lettuce, are the foods most wasted by households, with dairy products, prepared packaged foods and leftovers also common culprits (罪魁祸首). “Half-eaten packaged food products and food without packaging that went bad before it was eaten are the two primary reasons for food waste in American households, indicating there is opportunity for improved packaging design to help consumers with extending shelf life, reuse and size,” the white paper states. Researchers reported that while consumers’ current understanding of packaging technologies was “limited”, they indicated “they would pay more for food contained in packaging that extends freshness and shelf life.” “There’s a need to design packaging for produce that is currently not packaged; that most of the produce in this study was wasted is because there is no packaging at all,” MSU’s Korey Fennel said during the webinar (网络研讨会), also noting the importance of “intelligent packaging” that could indicate the shelf life of food products. 28. What does the underlined word “minimizing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Showing. B. Continuing. C. Recovering. D. Reducing. 29. What does the author intend to do in the second paragraph? A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 30. How did the researchers conduct their study? A. By making observations. B. By asking questions. C. By carrying out experiments. D. By referring to former studies. 31. What is the consumers’ attitude to purchasing packaged food according to the study? A. Cautious. B. Unclear. C. Critical. D. Favorable. Passage 8 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东一中·期末） When hunters wiped out most fruit eating birds in the tropical forest of Lambir Hills National Park by the 1990s, the skies grew duller-and in a few years so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, illuminating the critical importance of seed dispersal (分散传播) for ecosystem health. The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich. However, a team states that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or are decreasing in numbers, which could harm the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire. For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. And some plants do seem to be in big trouble. The authors came up with a list of nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions, in which both the plant and the animal are threatened or declining. “We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” Even for common, well-studied species, it’s not always apparent which dispersers are most important and whether other species might take over if they were to decline or disappear. There are some similar cases on other continents, too, including North America. But the picture there is even less clear. 32. What can be inferred from Jordi Bascompte's words? A. All seeds rely on animals’ guts to get dispersed. B. The spread of seeds plays a vital role in ecosystem health. C. Animals carry the seeds to keep ecological communities together. D. The movement of animals is more important than that of seeds for ecological balance. 33. Which of the following techniques is NOT used to make the article more persuasive? A. making comparisons B. listing numbers C. giving examples D. citing views 34. Which opinion will Andy agree with? A. What matters most is to find out all the dispersers. B. European scientists have done a great job for centuries. C. It is still unknown which dispersers certain plants are missing. D. Dispersers need a large amount of work to be looked after well. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Some plants are facing the danger of dying out. B. Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. C. Dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened. D. Ecosystem health relies on seed dispersers in many aspects. Passage 9 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东市高二联考·期末） A visit to the movies is still among the most popular forms of entertainment even though the entertainment industry always complains about the influence that illegal (非法的) copying and downloading has on its business. “You begin to wonder why people continue to visit movie theaters when they can now watch everything at home,” said Andreas Baranowski of the Institute of Psychology at Mainz University. It was with this in mind that he did research to see whether it was the space itself and the size of the movie theater screen that created a different and preferred movie-watching experience. The research subjects were shown a ten-minute part of the film “Gulliver’s Travels” in different environments. Some of the subjects watched the film in a Mainz art house cinema. Another group viewed the film on a computer screen alone, while a third group sat in front of a very small movie theater, which had a 30 cm × 53 cm screen along with small rows of seats with small figures and curtain (幕布) props - all designed to create the illusion (错觉) of being in a movie theater. The final group had to make do with a model movie theater in which the film was shown on an even smaller cell phone display. The findings show that the larger the screen the greater the extent (程度) to which the viewers are drawn into a movie. So, although the results were best for the movie theater screen, the small movie theater with the computer screen was not far behind, only just in front of the model with the cell phone display. “We believe that the effect of screen size as a factor is not important in statistical (统计的) terms,” said Baranowski. “What was important was the difference in effect between the small movie theater and the only computer screen, causing the experts to come to the conclusion that the environments play a decisive role.” 28. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. People’s choice of the time to go to the movies. B. The influence illegal copying has on the movie industry. C. The favorite movie people like to watch at home. D. People’s preference for going to the movie theaters. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The aim of the research. B. The method of the research. C. The importance of the research. D. The uniqueness of the research. 30. What is the best movie-watching experience according to the research? A. Watching a movie on a cell phone display. B. Enjoying a movie in a small movie theater. C. Seeing a movie in a big art house cinema. D. Viewing a movie on a computer screen alone. 31. According to Baranowski, what greatly influences the movie-watching experience? A. The environments. B. The screen size. C. The types of movies. D. The size of audiences. Passage 10 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东市高二联考·期末） These students wandering through the woods on the outskirts (郊区) of Portland, Oregon, aren’t on a school field trip — this muddy field is their school. From the moment they’re dropped off in the morning, they spend their entire day outside in one of Oregon’s public parks. “Rain or shine, we’re out here,” said teacher Christine Fleener. On this surprisingly nice day, Fleener’s class of fifth graders headed to the grassland for a biology lesson. Further down the trail, a group of fourth graders is learning on logs. It’s school, just not the type of school you might be used to. “Forest school is where the classroom does not have walls,” said Tony Deis, one of the founders of Trackers Earth Forest School. “It’s how kids originally learned; they didn’t learn sitting at desks, facing forward, and looking at a teacher. They learned from a multi-sensory environment.” Over the past decade, outdoor forest schools have gained popularity in the United States. The idea is that the challenges that come with being outside all day — dealing with weather, building your own shelter, and unearthing the unexpected are all part of the learning process. It’s complicated, of course. Outdoor schooling involves a puzzle of weather and regulations and budget issues. A well-funded private school in Portland, Oregon is one thing, but what about a public school in Portland, Maine? Surprisingly, cold Maine, of all places, has been quick to adopt outdoor learning. The district isn’t all outside all the time, but certain classes, like art, have moved outdoors. Supplies came from federal (联邦的) funds and local donations. And while Maine has plenty of open space, Brooke Teller, the outdoor learning coordinator (协调人) for Portland Public Schools, believes schools in major cities could have green classrooms hiding underneath their pavement (路面). She said, “We have a few hundred landscape architects all across the country who have volunteered to be a thought partner with schools that want to figure out where on their grounds would be best for outdoor learning.” 32. What does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. The popularity of public parks. B. The routine of a forest school. C. An interesting school field trip. D. An unforgettable adventure. 33. What is the main philosophy behind the concept of forest schools? A. Kids learn out of curiosity B. Kids learn by outdoor practice. C. Kids learn by challenging other students. D. Kids learn by interacting with others. 34. What does Teller suggest schools that want to start outdoor education do? A. Start from certain classes. B. Work with landscape architects. C. Make use of their open space. D. Build green classrooms underground. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. Outdoor forest schools. B. Benefits of learning outdoors. C. A new way of thinking. D. Outdoor education in Oregon. Passage 11 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25学年高二上·湖南益阳市·期末） After Anthea Dare’s daughter entered seventh grade, she wanted a phone to use social media like her friends. Worried about how it might affect her daughter’s body image, Dare didn’t give in. Now, she hopes Australia’s plan to ban social media for children under 16 will help. Some say this ban is very strict. The Australian government wants to make this ban official this year. Authorities have clarified that social media firms will bear the responsibility, and parents won’t be fined. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said, “Social media poses risks to our youth. I’ve talked to many parents on this matter.” However, compared to some other countries, Australia’s approach to tackling this issue is somewhat unique. Worldwide, leaders are trying to control children’s social media use due to concerns over mental wellbeing. For instance, in Florida, there’s a law banning social media for under-14s and needing parents’ agreement for 14-and 15-year-olds. But Australia won’t adopt such measures, allowing platforms like YouTube Kids. Tech giants like Google and TikTok have voiced opposition to the ban. Sunita Bose from the Digital Industry Group remarked, “We don’t stop children from beaches; instead, we teach them to swim safely. Banning teens might push them to dangerous parts of the internet.” Social media companies will follow the governmental guidelines and try to enhance youth protection. However, some say we need more talk about how to do this. Research shows a link between social media and mental health issues like depression, but companies say there’s no direct cause. Certain mental health organizations express concern that the ban will stop the good sides of social media for teens. They believe kids need to learn about it. Moreover, teenagers might still access social media through an older friend’s account, bypassing (避开) the ban. A 19-year-old university student said, “A ban won’t stop people. They might avoid discussing it with adults, leading to more problems.” 28. What effect of social media on her daughter does Dare mainly worry about? A. Her body image. B. Her studies. C. Her mental health. D. Her physical health. 29. What do we know about Australia’s plan to ban social media for children? A. It is the same as other countries. B. It is more strict than other countries. C. It is less strict than some countries. D. It is similar to Florida’s. 30. What does the 19-year-old university student imply about the ban? A. It will be widely supported by teenagers. B. It will have a positive impact on teenagers’ mental health. C. It will completely stop teenagers from using social media. D. It will lead to more problems between teenagers and adults. 31. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Impact of Phones on Teens B. Anthea Dare’s Fight with Her Daughter C. Australia Pushes to Close Social Media to Under-16s D Global Efforts to Control Children’s Social Media Use Passage 12 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南益阳市·期末） Climate change brings rising temperatures, increased sea levels and drought. However, its effects don’t end there — it can also change the taste of food. In Spain, black Iberian pigs, which are crucial for producing the unique Jamon Iberico ham, are facing a food crisis due to heatwaves and droughts. These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor. Drought also affects the taste of fruits. Watermelons and cantaloupes, for example, undergo significant flavor changes during drought conditions. Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Warm days and cool nights help fruits develop the best flavor by increasing their sugar content and acidity (酸度). However, global warming is changing this. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier because they bloom early and grow in higher temperatures. Oysters, which do best in a mix of salt and freshwater, are losing their unique taste due to saltier environments. While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate. Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Raising livestock (牲畜) makes up about 14.5 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, similar to the emissions from all vehicles combined. Producing animal protein uses more resources than plant protein. Fortunately, this vicious (恶性的) cycle can be broken. For example, The Good Food Institute, a US-based think tank, believes people will choose alternative (备选的) proteins if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced. 32. What has caused the change in the taste of Jamon Iberico ham? A. The use of other meat sources. B. The change in pig-raising methods. C. The lack of natural food for the pigs. D. The introduction of new techniques. 33. According to the text, how does drought influence the flavor of fruits? A. By enhancing their natural taste. B. By increasing their water percentage. C. By lowering their acidity to a certain level. D. By changing their taste positively or negatively. 34. What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A. Agriculture’s role in climate change. B. Climate impact of food choices. C. Comparison of plant and animal proteins. D. Greenhouse gas emissions of raising livestock. 35. What can people do to help break the vicious cycle? A. Consume less food. B. Purchase local produce. C. Choose more animal protein. D. Advocate traditional farming methods. Passage 13 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南永州市·期末） In rural Pakistan, a new project, called Improving Access to Sustainable Energy in Rural Pakistan Using Food and Fiber Agro-Waste as a Renewable Fuel (SAFER), aims to turn banana waste into a reliable source of electricity for off-grid (远离电网的) communities. Every year, Pakistan generates 80 million metric tons of agricultural waste from growing bananas. Academics from Northumbria University, in partnership with UK and Pakistani organizations, have developed an innovative two-part system that will make use of this waste product and provide benefits for local people at the same time. The first part will use new technology to turn the banana waste into textile fibers (纺织纤维), and the second part takes the waste generated from that process and uses it to produce renewable (可再生的) energy. This will not only reduce the environmental impact of Pakistan’s textile industry, but also bring cleaner electricity to the 50% of people living in rural areas of the country who currently rely on fossil (化石) fuels for energy. The process has the potential to be applied to almost any form of agricultural waste, benefiting communities and the environment worldwide through the supply of renewable textiles and energy. Dr. Jibran Khaliq, of Northumbria University, is a material scientist who researches turning waste energy. “Pakistan’s textile department is responsible for significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and microplastics,” said Dr. Khaliq in a statement. He revealed that his partners have developed a technology to turn banana waste into textile fibers, but the lack of electricity in rural Sindh, where the majority of the bananas are grown, has prevented this innovation from being scaled-up until now. “Over the next year we will be working to develop a new waste-to-energy technology. The technology will benefit the textile industry and local communities, improving soil fertility (肥沃) and food production through the generation of biofertilizers (生物肥料),” he added. 28. What is SAFER intended to do? A. To reduce textile waste. B. To promote banana planting. C. To increase agricultural production. D. To generate electricity from banana waste. 29. How does the author present the two-part system in detail? A. By giving a definition. B. By giving an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By making an explanation. . 30. What has prevented the wide application of the technology in rural Sindh? A. Lack of labor force. B. Electricity shortage. C. Insufficient funding. D. High cost of the technology. 31. What is a potential benefit of the new waste-to-energy technology? A. Developing agriculture. B. Decreasing soil fertility. C. Increasing use of fossil fuel. D. Promoting the sale of textile. Passage 14 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南永州市·期末） Glaciers (冰川) are enormous masses of ice created by snow that has become packed over many years. Hidden inside some of them are dramatic and beautiful caves called glacier caves (洞), which are made entirely of ice. How do they form? Ice caves, usually lying within or beneath glaciers, are formed by the meltwater of the glacier that flows through the ice during periods of rainfall or during the warmer months when the glacier ice is melting (融化). Where the melted water flows through cracks (裂缝) in the ice, the cracks get bigger and bigger over time. Eventually, a glacier cave is formed. Glacier caves are valuable to glaciologists, scientists who study glaciers. Usually, glaciologists can study the surface of a glacier, but these caves let them see the underside and inside. Studying a glacier from the inside helps scientists learn about the way a glacier moves and slides. As the climate changes, glaciers are melting quickly, leading to rising sea levels. Glacier caves are changing quickly too. From one visit to the next, people might find that some rooms in a cave have disappeared while others have formed. Ice may have thickened or thinned as more air enters through places where the ice has melted through. Because of this, the volume has to be re-mapped every few weeks. “It’s very different from a rock cave, which never changes,” said Cartaya, a 46-year-old Forest Service worker and EMT in Bend, Oregon. “Once you survey a rock cave, it’s done. With these, every week it’s changing.” Glaciologists and other scientists measure these changes. The information can help them figure out what is happening with our sea levels and our planet. In recent years, data collected from the cave system has unlocked an important clue in tracking glacial loss. They hope to provide critical new information for understanding the impact of glacial loss on water resources and global sea level rise. 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The effects of glacier caves. B. The changes of glacier caves. C. The formation of glacier caves. D. The definition of glacier caves. 33. Why does the author mention Cartaya’s words in paragraph 4? A. To prove a point. B. To introduce a topic. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 34. What can we learn from the text? A. Glacier caves change slowly. B. Glacier caves are made partly of ice. C. Meltwater flows through the ice cracks in colder weather. D. Glacier caves help figure out how glaciers move and slide. 35. What do scientists think of the current research? A. Satisfying. B. Disappointing. C. Shocking. D. Confusing. Passage 15 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南岳阳市岳阳中学·期末） Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate our conversations: bones. It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how best to strengthen your bones and whether diet really makes a difference. Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven’t been consistent. But gradually some clarity is emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what to eat, it’s useful to look at new data on vitamin D. Calcium is the key element for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充剂) to make up for age-related bone loss. But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults,” says Meryl LeBoff, who led the study. What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. Getting it from food is best, LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients (营养物质), and you have a more continuous absorption than with D supplements.” The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in. Weight-bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu. 32. What do the statistics in paragraph 1 emphasize? A. The seriousness of bone problems. B. The concern about senior citizens. C. The confusion about strengthening bones. D. The importance of having a balanced diet. 33. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply? A. Diet research is no longer a challenge. B. We’ve made resolutions to study diets. C. Findings on bone health prove to be similar. D. We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy. 34. What can be inferred from the recent study? A. People can absorb vitamin D in food easily. B. The findings go against LeBoffs earlier ones. C. D supplements play a minor role than expected. D. Fractures are linked with weight-bearing exercise. 35. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A recipe for better bones B. Your bones cry! C. The magic of D supplements D. Vitamin D wins! Passage 16 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） A growth mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work, dedication, and learning. In contrast, a fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits that cannot be changed. Developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. One of the benefits of having a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to embrace challenges and view them as opportunities for growth. Instead of avoiding challenges, individuals with a growth mindset approach them with a positive attitude, seeing them as a chance to learn and improve. This mindset helps individuals push themselves outside of their comfort zone, which can lead to personal growth and development. Another benefit of a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to persist in the face of setbacks and failures. When faced with obstacles, individuals with a growth mindset don’t give up or view them as a reflection of their abilities. Instead, they see setbacks as temporary and an opportunity to learn and grow from their mistakes. This mindset helps individuals develop resilience and grit, which are essential qualities for achieving success. Developing a growth mindset can also lead to increased creativity and innovation. When individuals believe that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to take risks and try new things. This mindset allows individuals to approach problems with an open mind, which can lead to creative solutions and new ideas. Finally, a growth mindset can lead to increased motivation and achievement. When individuals believe that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to set goals and work towards them. This mindset helps individuals stay focused and motivated, even in the face of challenges and setbacks. In conclusion, developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face of setbacks, and approaching problems with an open mind, individuals with a growth mindset can achieve their goals and reach their full potential. 28. From the passage, how many benefits of a growth mindset are mentioned? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 29. How does a growth mindset affect an individual’s creativity and innovation? A. It allows individuals to embrace challenges. B. It helps individuals to persist in the face of setbacks. C. It encourages individuals to take risks and try new things. D. It makes individuals set achievable goals and work towards them. 30. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a growth mindset? A. Being failure-avoidant. B. Being success-oriented. C. Being potential-maximizing. D. Being challenge-embracing. 31. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Developing a growth mindset is the key to individual development. B. The growth mindset is mainly beneficial for achieving success in professional life. C. Embracing a growth mindset can help realize ambitions and fulfil one’s capabilities. D. A fixed mindset is essential for sustainable development and environmental awareness. Passage 17 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市周南中学·期末） Having trouble falling asleep? It’s common to blame the phone that's just inches from your face and the constant updates you keep scrolling (滚动) through as you lie in bed. But the idea that the blue light from your smartphone is what’s keeping you awake isn’t quite right. While blue or short-wave length light — such as daylight or that emitted (发出) by tech — does affect our body’s internal clock, things are less clear-cut than we often think. “Sleep is a very complex process,” says Stuart Peirson, a professor of circadian neuroscience (昼夜节律神经科学) at Oxford University. He explains that the part of our eyes that tells our brain when it’s time to be awake is set off by cells that absorb blue light. However, it’s also set off by cells that absorb longer wavelengths of light (such as red). This means it’s not the color of the light that’s the problem, it’s the brightness and length of time we’re exposed to it. The screens of our phones, in fact, are not very bright. Sunlight is l, 000 times brighter than the average light emitted by a phone. Room lighting is, on average, 10 times brighter. This is why turning off the big light as you get ready for bed can help you feel sleepier. “Technically, blue light from smartphones can affect sleep,” says Peirson. “But these effects are small unless you are using your phone for hours with a very bright screen and already have sleep problems.” In studies done at Harvard University, even using an e-reader with the brightness turned up for four hours only caused a small delay in falling asleep just 10 minutes. In fact, your sleep is more likely to be affected by the kinds of content you’re looking at. If you think light is impacting your sleep, Peirson says you don’t need to spend money on special “blue-light blocking” glasses. Instead, he suggests decreasing your screen time and turning down the brightness on your phone. 28. What is commonly blamed for causing trouble falling asleep? A. The brightness of room lighting. B. The content on electronic devices. C. The constant updates on smartphones. D. The size of electronic screens. 29. What does Stuart Peirson say about how light affects sleep? A. Red light is the main reason that affects sleep. B. Blue light strongly affects sleep, no matter how bright it is. C. Only blue light affects the part of our eyes that influences sleep. D. Light’s brightness and length of exposure are more important than color. 30. What does Stuart Peirson suggest if you believe light is affecting your sleep? A. Decreasing screen time and lowering its brightness. B. Turning off all electronic devices before bed. C. Buying special “blue-light blocking” glasses. D. Avoiding using electronic devices during the day. 31. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The effects of blue light on sleep are made to seem bigger than they are. B. Special glasses are necessary to block blue light. C. Sunlight is the most important reason affecting sleep. D. The color of the light emitted by electronic devices decides sleep quality. Passage 18 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市周南中学·期末） Feeling a hug from each other via the internet may be a possibility in the near future. A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless, soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch, and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction. It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication. While there are numerous devices in the market to simulate (模拟) the sense of touch in the virtual world, they provide only touch sensing or touch response. The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface. The e-skin is a 7cm×l0cm, 4.2mm-thick device containing 16 flexible actuators (驱动器), a microcontroller unit, a Bluetooth module, and other electronics on a flexible circuit board. The actuator serves as the core part of the e-skin. Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force, a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital signals by a converter (转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth. When the signals are received, a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动). The process can be reversed to deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s. The e-skin can communicate with Bluetooth devices and send data through the internet with smartphones and computers to perform long-distance touch and to form a touch Internet of Things (IoT) system, where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized. Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other. This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication. Next, the research team will focus on practical applications for people with visual disability, who could wear the e-skin to gain remote directional guidance and read Braille messages. 32. What is the unique feature of the e-skin? A. It provides hugs for users. B. It builds a social network. C. It provides touch sensing and copying, D. It monitors the process of self-sensing. 33. What does the underlined word “reversed” mean? A. Started. B. Disturbed. C. Completed. D. Exchanged. 34. What can we learn about e-skin? A. It strengthens bonds across distance. B. Its converter vibrates when working. C. It sends electrical signals to receivers. D. Its system delivers touch with phones. 35. What would be the best title of the text? A. A signal-sending application B. An invention for the disabled C. A device for virtual interaction D. A long distance communication Passage 19 人与自然——环境保护 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka, Madagascar, the Zahamena National Park has overall land coverage of 643 square kilometers, but only about 420 square kilometers is open to the public. It receives an average rainfall level of around 6 feet every year and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season between April and October. And elevations (海拔) inside the park range from 250 to 1,560 meters, which has resulted in a diversity (多样性) of climates. One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is its unique highland landform (高地地貌). The development of several ecosystems that all together exist within its area greatly depends on it. And this is also the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area of its wide range are different in another, which makes it quite exciting to explore. This protected region’s main area is divided into two parts: the eastern and western areas, with a separate piece of ground in the middle where many small villages are located. Zahamena means “red trees”, which suggests a tree species scientifically called Diatum unifoliatum. It lives only in Zahamena and is characterized by its typically deep reddish-orange color. Established as a strict natural highland habitat for nature conservation (保护) in 1927, the Zahamena National Park was officially awarded the honorary title of national park in 1997 and was finally opened to the public. Due to its amazing landform and unique local biodiversity, this national park was later listed as a key part of the Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007. Unluckily, there are no hotels or restaurants around the national park. So Zahamena is not an easy rainforest—this national park needs people with a high level of fitness and people with low requirements concerning accommodations. Everyone who is not discouraged by this will be able to expect an amazing rainforest experience in a location which has a small number of tourists. 25. What do we know about the Zahamena National Park? A. It is hard to reach due to conservation rules. B. It has changeable weather all year round. C. It has a great difference in elevations. D. It is famous for its traditional villages. 26. What has caused several ecosystems in the park? A. The complete food chain of wildlife there. B. The wet weather condition there. C. The conservation efforts there. D. The special landform there. 27. What is the Zahamena National Park most probably named after? A. A cultural belief. B. A local tree species. C. The unique geography. D. The local village group. 28. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The tough condition of Zahamena. B. People’s high level of fitness. C. Its geographical location. D. The diversity of climates. Passage 20 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） In what they claim is a world first, researchers in Japan have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt, as part of efforts to reduce sodium (钠) levels in some of the country’s most popular dishes. The chopsticks work using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer worn on the eater’s wristband. The device transmits sodium ions from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, says Homei Miyashita, a professor at Meiji University in Tokyo, whose laboratory collaborated with the food and drink manufacturer Kirin to develop the device. The team plan to improve the first design and hope to make the chopsticks available to consumers next year. The chopsticks could find a receptive audience in Japan, where the traditional diet tends to be high in salt due to the use of components such as miso and soy sauce. The average Japanese adult consumes about 10 grams of salt a day, double the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The health ministry has proposed reducing daily salt intake to a maximum of 7.5 grams for men and 6.5 grams for women. The chopsticks use “very weak electricity — not enough to affect the human body — to adjust the function of ions such as sodium chloride and sodium glutamate to change the perception of taste by making food seem to taste stronger or weaker”, Kirin said in a statement. Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet had confirmed that the device enhances the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. High salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, the leading cause of heart attacks and strokes. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try to avoid taking less salt in a conventional way, we would need to suffer the pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet, or suffer eating food with very little taste.” Miyashita’ s lab has also invented a lickable TV screen that imitates the flavours of various foods. 28. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A. How the chopsticks work. B. What the team plans to do. C. What the device is designed for. D. How a sense of saltiness is created. 29. What can be inferred from paragraph three? A. The chopsticks may be popular in Japan. B. The Japanese traditional diets are high in salt. C. The WHO advised an adult to take 2 0 grams of salt a day. D. A woman should eat at least 6.5 grams of salt every day. 30. What is a direct result of the chopsticks according to clinical tests? A. Food can have stronger or weaker flavours. B. Low-sodium food tastes saltier than it actually is. C. People are less likely to have heart attacks and strokes. D. We may not be able to eat our favourite food anymore. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Japan conducts clinical tests on low-sodium diets B. Japanese high-tech salty chopsticks gain popularity C. Japan invents electronic chopsticks making food taste salty D. Japanese researchers reduce sodium levels in popular dishes 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南雅礼中学·期末） Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke (中风), new American research has found. Having a better work-life balance is so salutary to health that some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier. For the project, the academics used a two-aspect workplace intervention programme, which they designed to improve the work-life balance. Managers were trained in “strategies to show support for employees’ personal and family lives along with their job performances”. And both managers and staff underwent training “to identify new ways to increase employees’ control over their schedules and tasks”. They tested this approach with an IT firm, which had 555 workers of both sexes who typically earned a moderate salary, and a care company, which had a 973-strong, mainly-female, low-wage workforce. At the start and end of the year-long research project those 1,528 staff underwent checks on their health, such as their blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score (CRS) – their risk of developing cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years. The workplace intervention “did not have any significant overall effects on employees’ CRS.” However, it did reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke for those at higher risk to start with. Those employees of the IT company and of the long-term care company saw a reduction in their CRS equal to 5.5 and 10.3 years of age-related changes respectively. Age also played a role. Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees. Co-lead author Orfeu Buxton said their conclusions should encourage employers to give their staff greater work-life balance. “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.” 28. What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Unrelated. D. Challenging. 29. Why did researchers calculate participants’ CRS? A. It reduces the chances of a heart attack. B. It is the most significant part of a person’s health. C. It demonstrates the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. It is employed by most companies and workplaces. 30. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Age played a role in counting each person’s CRS B. Employees over 45 benefited more from the intervention programme than younger ones C. IT company employees were less likely to suffer from heart attacks than care company employees D. the workplace intervention programme had the same effect on the IT company and the care company 31. How does Orfeu Buxton think of the culture of the workplace? A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Approved. D. Objective. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31 B 【导语】 美国一项研究指出，旨在改善工作与生活平衡的灵活工作制，能显著降低心血管疾病高风险员工突发心脏病或中风的风险，效果相当于让心脏健康“逆龄生长”数年。 【解析】 28. 根据第一段第一句 “Flexible working can reduce someone’s risk of having a heart attack or stroke”以及第二句后面的”some employees who work flexibly end up with heart health equal to what they had 10 years earlier”.可得知工作和生活的平衡即灵活的工作对职员的身体健康是有益的。故选A。 29. 根据第三段”The academics used that information to calculate each person’s cardiometabolic (心血管代谢) risk score (CRS) – their risk of developing cardiovascular(心血管的) disease, such as a heart attack, within the next 10 years.”这一句破折号后面的内容可得知CRS是可以表示得心血管疾病的风险程度的一项指标，故选C。 30. 根据第四段最后一句”Employees older than 45 were likelier to see a reduction than the younger employees.”可得知45岁以上的职员得心血管疾病的风险程度比年轻人得心血管疾病的风险程度降低的可能性更大，故选B。 31. 根据最后一段的最后一句 “The intervention was designed to change the culture of the workplace with the intention of reducing conflict between employees’ work and personal lives and ultimately improving their health.”可得知这个干预可以知道项目是用来改变职场文化的，能够减少职员得工作和生活之间的矛盾并提高他们的健康，因此Orfeu Buxton是反对这种职场文化的，故选B。 Passage 2 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南雅礼中学·期末） Astronomers have discovered a six-pack of planets, formed at least 4 billion years ago and remarkably unchanged since, orbiting a nearby sun-like star. The new planets could provide a breakthrough in the understanding of how planets form and why there are so many between the sizes of Earth and Neptune (海王星), a kind known as “sub Neptunes” that is strikingly common in our galaxy (银河系). These newfound worlds are hot, full of gas and unlikely to be pleasant places to visit. Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system. Therefore, the hunt for Earth 2.0 goes on. But what makes these planets unusual, in addition to their large number, is that they are locked into a resonance (共振) with one another as they orbit the star. One planet, for example, will make precisely three orbits while a neighbouring planet makes two. “This resonance is very rare in nature,” lead author Rafael Luque of the University of Chicago said in a webinar Tuesday with reporters. This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that. The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance —for instance, the impact of disasters, or the close passing of another star — for billions of years. In this case, the planets formed with their parent star from a cloud of gas and dust and relatively quickly found their resonant orbits. And then nothing exciting happened to change that. This unusual orbital pattern is clear in the title of the new paper: “A resonant sub-Neptune passing the bright star HD 110067.” “Occasionally, nature reveals an absolute treasure,” Sara Seager, a professor of planetary science at MIT and a co-author of the new paper, said in an email. “HD 110067 is an immediate astronomical discovery — offering a key system to help unlock some mysteries of planet formation and evolution.” 32. Why should the hunt for Earth 2.0 go on according to the passage? A. The new-found planets are “sub Neptunes” that are too big. B. The new-found planets are orbiting a star different from the sun. C. The new-found planets are not suitable for human beings to live on. D. The new-found planets formed at least 4 billion years ago and changed significantly. 33. Which of the following is not the special aspect of these six planets? A. Their two-by-three orbital pattern. B. Their being controlled by mathematics. C. Their not having suffered great disturbance. D. Their being stable and unchanged since they were formed. 34. Why did the new-found planets form this two-by-three orbital pattern? A. A cloud of gas and dust found their orbit quickly. B. Their parent star formed before a disastrous impact. C. Another star passed the planets for billions of years. D. The whole planet set was not disturbed from the beginning. 35. What is the best title for the article? A. The Search for Earth 2.0 Continues B. Resonant Planets Don’t Welcome Humans C. The Discovery of “sub Neptunes” in Universe D. Unlocking the Mysteries of Planet Formation with HD 110067 【答案】 32-35 CBDD 【导语】 天文学家近日发现一个罕见的宇宙奇观——六颗行星以精确的共振轨道环绕着邻近的类太阳恒星HD 110067运行。这个形成于40亿年前的原始行星系统如同一个保存完好的宇宙化石，其罕见的轨道韵律不仅展现了自然法则的精确之美，更将成为解开银河系中“亚海王星”行星形成之谜的关键。这项突破性发现让我们得以窥见行星系统诞生之初的原始面貌，见证了一个从未经历重大扰动的宁静宇宙故事。 【解析】 32. 根据第二段”Their cozy orbits around the parent star mean they are not in what scientists consider the “habitable zone” of a planetary system.”这一句可以得知这个行星系绕恒星的轨道意味着它们处于科学家认为的不宜居地带，所以，人类将继续找寻第二个适合居住的地球。故选C。 33. 根据第四段This reminder that mathematics controls the universe comes with another implication, which is that these six planets have been in a stable, predictable, two-by-three orbital pattern since they were formed at least 4 billion years ago. Most planetary systems, including our own, aren’t like that. ”和第五段”The resonant orbits of these planets are consistent with the idea that this system has not suffered any major disturbance —for instance, a disastrous impact, or the close passing of another star — for billions of years.” 可得知这个行星系的轨道自他们形成以来都是稳定的2X3轨道模式，大多数行星系都不是这样，并且这种共振轨道与它们没有遭受过大的灾难或破坏是相符合的。所以只有B选项中的数学控制宇宙并非其特点。故选B。 34. 从第五段可得知由于几十亿年前自形成以来这个行星系就没有受过灾难或者另一颗恒星经过的影响，所以才能形成这种罕见的共振轨道模式。故选D。 35. 根据文章内容可知，本篇文章主要讲到了科学家们发现了由六颗行星组成的绕恒星HD 110067旋转的有独特轨道的行星系，给帮助解开行星形成和发展的秘密提供了重要的系统。故选D。 Passage 3 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南百师联盟·期末） The early 19th century French writer Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, famous for his observations about the pleasures of food and eating, beautifully summarized the positive power of eating outdoors. He called outdoor dining, “perfect freedom,” in which “the universe is diners’ drawing room and the sun their lamp.” He continues, noting that eating outdoors, people “have appetite, nature’s special gift, which lends to such a meal the liveliness unknown indoors, however beautiful the indoor surroundings.” Research supports Brillat-Savarin’s poetic insights with suggestions that eating outdoors can offer benefit of stress reduction. This stands to reason, given that studies have shown that as little of 20minutes outdoors-with or without food and drink-can lower the stress hormone cortisol (激素皮质醇). In a food context, this lower stress level helps us pay attention to what we’re eating. We enjoy and taste food in a more focused way than when we’re inside. Eating with attention, the wellness writer Mitra Malek notes, increases both concentration and joy: “Being mentally present when we eat...helps us better notice how pleasurable food is.” If you’ve ever thought that even a simple sandwich tastes better at the beach, you naturally understand the connection between fresh, open air and the mental space to enjoy every bite. Research also shows that eating outdoors can heighten immunity (免疫力). Our immune systems are better equipped to resist the attack of diseases when we spend time in nature. One Japanese study linked time in the woods increased immune-boosting cells called NK cells, with the benefit lasting up to seven days after the natural experience. As you taste a crisp salad, a dish of ice cream or a meal fresh off the grill (烤架), take the time to congratulate yourself for choosing to eat in Brillat-Savarin’s universal outdoor drawing room, investing in your health and wellness—and just enjoying the beautiful world in which you live. 32. What does Brillat-Savarin mean by saying outdoor dining provide “perfect freedom”? A. Human can feel close to nature. B. People can get more diet freedom. C. Life is independent of the environment. D. Beautiful surroundings matters. 33. Why do researchers highly recommend eating outdoors? A. It can increase the stress hormone cortisol. B. It can ease pressure and boost immunity. C. It can raise our environmental awareness. D. It can help people spend more time in nature. 34. How does a lower stress level help us when eating outdoors? A. It makes us eat faster and save time. B. It makes us more focused on the food. C. It makes us enjoy the surroundings more. D. It exercises our immune system’s strength. 35. What does the author encourage readers to do when eating outdoors? A. Care about the weather. B. Rush through their meals. C. Appreciate the experience. D. Eat salads and ice cream. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 【导语】本文主要讲述户外就餐的益处，鼓励读者户外就餐时要享受就餐体验。 【解析】 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“He called outdoor dining “perfect freedom” in which “the universe is diners’ drawing room and the sun their lamp.” He continues, noting that eating outdoors, people “have appetite, nature’s special gift, which lends to such a meal the liveliness unknown indoors, however beautiful the indoor surroundings.” (他把户外用餐称为“完美的自由”，其中“宇宙是食客的客厅，太阳是他们的灯。”他继续指出，在户外吃饭，人们“胃口大开，这是大自然的特殊礼物，无论室内环境多么美丽，这都给这样一顿饭带来了室内所没有的活力。”)”。由此可知，萨瓦兰说户外用餐提供了“完美的自由”主要是想表达在户外人类能感受到亲近自然。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Research supports Brillat-Savarin’s poetic insights with suggestions that eating outdoors can offer benefit of stress reduction.(研究支持布里亚特-萨瓦林诗意的见解，建议在户外吃饭可以减轻压力。)”可知研究表明在户外用餐可以减轻压力；根据第五段首句“Research also finds that eating outdoors can heighten immunity(免疫力).(研究还发现，在户外吃饭可以增强免疫力。)”可知，户外吃饭可以提高免疫力，所以户外吃饭可以减轻压力和提高免疫力。故选B项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In a food context, this lower stress level helps us pay attention to what we’re eating. We enjoy and taste food in a more focused way than when we’ re inside.(在食物环境中，这种较低的压力水平有助于我们注意我们正在吃的东西。我们享受和品尝食物的方式比我们在室内时更专注。)”可知当我们在户外吃饭时，较低的压力水平让我们更专注于食物。故选B项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As you taste a crisp salad, a dish of ice cream or a meal fresh off the grill(烤架), take the time to congratulate yourself for choosing to eat in Brillat-Savarin’s universal outdoor drawing room, investing in your health and welness-and just enjoying the beautiful world in which you live.(当你品尝一份脆脆的沙拉、一盘冰淇淋或一顿刚从烤架上扒下来的饭菜时，花点时间祝贺自己选择在Brillat-Savarin的通用户外会客厅吃饭，为你的健康和健康投资，享受你生活的美丽世界。)”可知作者鼓励读者户外就餐时要享受就餐体验。故选C项。 Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南郴州市·期末） New psychology research points to the factors that explain why we find particular poems aesthetically pleasing. “While it may seem obvious that individual taste matters in judgments of poetry, we found certain factors consistently influence how much a poem will be enjoyed.” Aesthetics (美学), the basis of what we find appealing or not, play an important role in our everyday lives. However, little is known about how we make these judgments. The researchers sought to answer an age-old question — “Why do we like what we like?” — by measuring what we find aesthetically pleasing in poetry. To do this, the team had more than 400 participants read and rate poems of two genres — haiku and sonnet — with the aim of understanding the factors that best predicted the aesthetic appeal of the poems. After reading each poem, participants answered questions about the poem’s vividness (“How vivid is the imagery evoked from this poem?”), emotional arousal (“How relaxing or stimulating is this poem?”), emotional valence (“How positive or negative is the content of this poem?”), and aesthetic appeal (“How enjoyable or aesthetically appealing did you find this poem?”). Their results showed that vividness of mental imagery was the best predictor of aesthetic appeal — poems that evoked greater imagery were more pleasing. Emotional valence also predicted aesthetic appeal, though to a lesser extent; specifically, poems that were found to be more positive were generally found to be more appealing. By contrast, emotional arousal did not have a clear relationship to aesthetic appeal. “The vividness of a poem consistently predicted its aesthetic appeal,” notes Starr, author of Feeling Beauty: The Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience. “Therefore, it seems that vividness of mental imagery may be a key factor influencing what we like more broadly.” “While limited to poetry,” she adds, “our work sheds light into which facts most influence our aesthetic judgments and paves the way for future research investigating how we make such judgments in other fields.” 28. What did the researchers ask the participants to do? A. Evaluate poems of haiku and sonnet. B. Write the aesthetic appeal of poems. C. Explain factors of emotional valence. D. Ask questions about the poem’s vividness. 29. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 4? A. Poems with more negative content are more appealing. B. Emotional arousal is negatively related to aesthetic appeal. C. Emotional valence is the most important predictor of aesthetic appeal. D. Vividness of mental imagery has the strongest connection with aesthetic appeal. 30. What can be inferred from Starr’s words? A. The research will help explore aesthetic judgments in other fields. B. The finding of vividness being a key factor is only applicable to poetry. C. Emotional valence should be further studied in the context of other art forms. D. The research has little value for understanding aesthetic judgments in other areas. 31. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce different types of poems. B. To discuss the importance of aesthetics. C. To show the findings of aesthetic appeal. D. To persuade people to admire the poems. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了新的心理学研究指出了为什么我们觉得某些诗歌具有美学吸引力的因素。 【解析】 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“To do this, the team had more than 400 participants read and rate poems of two genres — haiku and sonnet — with the aim of understanding the factors that best predicted the aesthetic appeal of the poems.(为了做到这一点，研究小组让400多名参与者阅读并评价两种类型的诗歌——俳句和十四行诗，目的是了解哪些因素最能预测诗歌的美学吸引力)”可知，研究人员要求参与者评价俳句和十四行诗。故选A项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their results showed that vividness of mental imagery was the best predictor of aesthetic appeal — poems that evoked greater imagery were more pleasing.(他们的研究结果表明，心理意象的生动性是审美吸引力的最佳预测指标 —— 能唤起更多意象的诗歌更令人愉悦)”可知，心理意象的生动性与美学吸引力有着最强的联系。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Starr的话““While limited to poetry,” she adds, “our work sheds light into which facts most influence our aesthetic judgments and paves the way for future research investigating how we make such judgments in other fields.”(“虽然仅限于诗歌，”她补充说，“但我们的工作揭示了哪些事实最影响我们的美学判断，并为未来研究我们在其他领域如何做出这样的判断铺平了道路。”)”可知，从Starr的话中可以推断出，这项研究将有助于探索其他领域的美学判断。故选A项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“New psychology research points to the factors that explain why we find particular poems aesthetically pleasing.(新的心理学研究指出了为什么我们觉得某些诗歌具有美学吸引力的因素)”可知，文章开篇指出新的心理学研究指出了人们觉得某些诗歌具有审美吸引力的因素，接着介绍了研究过程和研究发现，最后说明研究的意义，所以文章的主要目的是展示关于审美吸引力的研究发现。故选C项。 Passage 5 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南郴州市·期末） Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice. One researcher involved has said that people with the condition shouldn’t try to avoid these antioxidants in their diet, but getting more than they need via supplements could cause harm. Martin Bergö at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and his colleagues previously found that supplementing with the antioxidants vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine caused lung cancers to spread in mice. To better understand how this might occur, Bergö and a different team of researchers studied mice with a specific form of lung cancer and mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells. They supplemented the mice’s water with vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield, and vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet. The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary. “Today in society, a lot of people eat healthily. They have some supplements, and then they also consume other antioxidant-rich foods like ginger shots and smoothies,” says Bergö, “If you do all that, you could end up with the levels of doses — too much — that we’ re talking about.” The researchers found that the higher the antioxidant doses, the greater the rate of blood vessel formation in the tumours. This was true for mice with the specific lung cancer and those with implanted human cancer cells. Increased blood vessel growth would probably lead to tumours growing and spreading, says Bergö, but they didn’t study this. Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. “If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,” he says, “We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.” 32. What is the effect of antioxidant supplements on lung cancer? A. They help to reduce the risk of lung cancer. B. They have little significant impact on lung cancer. C. They prevent the formation of blood vessels in tumors. D. They may cause the growth and spread of lung cancer. 33. What does the underlined word “yield” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Digest. B. Compose. C. Construct. D. Produce. 34. How did the researchers study antioxidants on mice with lung cancer? A. By implanting human cells only. B. By varying the antioxidant doses. C. By comparing specific antioxidants. D. By keeping antioxidant doses fixed. 35. What does Bergö emphasize about the antioxidants in cancer patients’ diets? A. Antioxidants should be completely avoided. B. High doses of antioxidants can directly cause cancer. C. Antioxidants are necessary but their doses should be controlled. D. The study’s results should be used in adjusting the patients’ diets. 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于抗氧化剂补充剂对肺癌影响的研究。 【解析】 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Taking antioxidant supplements such as vitamins C and E might make lung cancers grow bigger and spread by stimulating the formation of blood vessels within tumours (肿瘤), according to a study in mice.(一项小鼠研究显示，服用维生素C和E等抗氧化剂补充剂可能会通过刺激肿瘤内血管的形成，使肺癌生长得更大并发生扩散)”可知，抗氧化剂补充剂可能会导致肺癌的生长和扩散。故选D项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词所在句中“vitamin C, which the animals naturally yield (生素C，动物自然yield)”和“vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, which they get from their diet (维生素E和N-乙酰半胱氨酸，从饮食中获取)”是对比关系，说明维生素E和N-乙酰半胱氨酸是从饮食中获取，而生素C是动物自然产生。故划线词yield意思是“产生”，与D项Produce同义。故选D项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers gave the mice increasing amounts of these antioxidants, which made the levels of these antioxidants in the mice higher than what was necessary.(研究人员给老鼠增加了这些抗氧化剂的用量，这使得老鼠体内这些抗氧化剂的水平高于必要水平)”可知，研究人员是通过改变抗氧化剂的剂量来研究抗氧化剂对肺癌小鼠的影响的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bergö has stressed that people with any form of cancer shouldn’t change their diet on the basis of this research. ‘If you took away all the antioxidants in food, you would get sick for a range of reasons, such as vitamin deficiencies, and this would influence the cancer,’ he says, ‘We’re focusing on increased doses above the required levels.’ (Bergö强调，任何形式的癌症患者都不应该根据这项研究改变他们的饮食。‘如果你去掉食物中所有的抗氧化剂，你会因为一系列原因而生病，比如维生素缺乏，这会影响癌症，’他说，‘我们关注的是超过所需水平的剂量增加。’)” 可知，Bergö强调抗氧化剂是必要的，但应该控制其剂量。故选C项。 Passage 6 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南娄底市·期末） A study claims that wearable devices could also be used by cows on the farms of the future. Researchers from Southwest Jiaotong University in China have developed a smartwatch that can be used to monitor cows’ health, reproductivity and location. “Monitoring environmental and health information of cattle can help prevent diseases and improve the efficiency of pasture breeding (草场培育) and management,” said Zutao Zhang, co-author of the study. In the study, the team set out to develop a wearable device that could be used to collect vital information on cows. “This information can include oxygen concentration, air temperature, amount of exercise, reproductive cycles, disease, and milk production,” explained Mr Zhang. The smart devices are worn around the cows’ necks and ankles. They contain a unique motion enhancement mechanism (运动增强机制) to strengthen small movements the cows make. Once captured, the kinetic energy (动能) from the cow’s movements is stored in a battery and used to power the device. This means the device doesn’t need to be charged like a traditional smartwatch. “There is a large amount of kinetic energy that can be harvested in cattle’s daily movements, such as walking, running, and even neck movement,” said co-author Yajia Pan. To put the device to the test, the researchers tested it on human participants. The tests revealed that even a light jog was enough to power temperature measurements on the device. Beyond cows, the researchers say that the smart device could have a range of application in humans. This includes in sports monitoring, healthcare, smart homes, and wireless sensor networks. “Kinetic energy is everywhere in the environment—leaves falling in the wind, the movement of people and animals—these phenomena all contain a lot of kinetic energy,” said Zhang. “We shouldn’t let this energy go to waste.” 32. Why did the team develop the wearable device? A. To monitor cows’ environmental effects. B. To gather vital information on cows. C. To locate where cows reproduce. D. To improve the quality of milk. 33. How is the device different from other smartwatches? A. It can be applied to many human related fields. B. It should be worn around the cow’s necks and ankles. C. It makes use of the energy from the cow’s movements. D. It takes less time to be charged than traditional smartwatches. 34. What do we know about kinetic energy from the last two paragraphs? A. It is easy to harvest. B. It is simple to test. C. It is huge in amount. D. It is widely applied. 35. What is the best title for this passage? A. Wearable Devices in the Future Farm B. The Kinetic Energy in Natural World C. The Quality Meat of the Super Cows D. Wide Applications of a New Invention 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国西南交通大学的研究人员开发了一款智能手表，可以用来监测奶牛的健康、繁殖和位置，且这个设备可以从句奶牛的运动中充电。 【解析】 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“ “Monitoring environmental and health information of cattle can help prevent diseases and improve the efficiency of pasture breeding and management,” said Zutao Zhang, co-author of the study. In the study, the team set out to develop a wearable device that could be used to collect vital information on cows. “This information can include oxygen concentration, air temperature, amount of exercise, reproductive cycles, disease, and milk production,” explained Mr Zhang.(该研究的合著者张祖涛说，“监测牛的环境和健康信息有助于预防疾病，提高牧场育种和管理的效率”。在这项研究中，该团队着手开发一种可穿戴设备，可用于收集奶牛的重要信息。“这些信息包括氧气浓度、空气温度、运动量、生殖周期、疾病和产奶量，”张先生解释道)”可知，该团队开发这种可穿戴设备是为了收集有关奶牛的重要信息。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The smart devices are worn around the cows’ necks and ankles. They contain a unique motion enhancement mechanism to strengthen small movements the cows make. Once captured, the kinetic energy from the cow’s movements is stored in a battery and used to power the device. This means the device doesn’t need to be charged like a traditional smartwatch.(这种智能设备被戴在奶牛的脖子和脚踝上。它们包含一个独特的运动增强机制，以加强奶牛的小动作。一旦捕捉到奶牛运动的动能，就会储存在电池中，为该设备提供动力。这意味着该设备不需要像传统智能手表那样充电)”可知，这款设备能利用奶牛运动的能量。故选C项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ “There is a large amount of kinetic energy that can be harvested in cattle’s daily movements, such as walking, running, and even neck movement,” said co-author Yajia Pan. (研究报告的合著者潘亚佳说:“在牛的日常运动中，比如走路、跑步，甚至是颈部运动，都可以获得大量的动能。”)”以及最后一段中“ “Kinetic energy is everywhere in the environment—leaves falling in the wind, the movement of people and animals—these phenomena all contain a lot of kinetic energy,” said Zhang. (“动能在环境中无处不在——风中飘落的树叶，人和动物的运动——这些现象都含有大量的动能，”张说)”可知，动能在自然界中无处不在，且数量巨大。故选C项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study claims that wearable devices could also be used by cows on the farms of the future. Researchers from Southwest Jiaotong University in China have developed a smartwatch that can be used to monitor cows’ health, reproductivity and location.(一项研究称，未来农场的奶牛也可以使用可穿戴设备。中国西南交通大学的研究人员开发了一款智能手表，可以用来监测奶牛的健康、繁殖和位置)”可知，本文主要介绍一种未来奶牛的可穿戴设备。所以A项“Wearable Devices in the Future Farm(未来农场中的可穿戴设备)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。 Passage 7 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东一中·期末） Packaging can play a greater role in keeping produce and other foods fresh, therefore minimizing food waste — especially if consumers can better understand those packaging technologies. That’s among the takeaways of research led by Michigan State University (MSU)’s School of Packaging, detailed in a recently released white paper. In the United States, food waste in landfills doubled from 1990 to 2020, according to data shared by the US Environmental Protection Agency this year. Researchers cited data showing 40% of the food supply is wasted each year, with 43% of that happening at the consumer or household level. Ameripen, the only organization exclusively focused on US public policy for the entire packaging industry, and the Environmental Research & Education Foundation funded research that included a survey of more than 1,000 people in the United States. Ameripen said it wanted to know what role packaging could play in reducing household food waste as well as understand consumer awareness of food packaging’s value and functions. The survey asked consumers about their understanding of packaging forms and willingness to pay more for packaging designed to reduce food waste, among other areas. The study found that whole fruits and vegetables, particularly bananas and lettuce, are the foods most wasted by households, with dairy products, prepared packaged foods and leftovers also common culprits (罪魁祸首). “Half-eaten packaged food products and food without packaging that went bad before it was eaten are the two primary reasons for food waste in American households, indicating there is opportunity for improved packaging design to help consumers with extending shelf life, reuse and size,” the white paper states. Researchers reported that while consumers’ current understanding of packaging technologies was “limited”, they indicated “they would pay more for food contained in packaging that extends freshness and shelf life.” “There’s a need to design packaging for produce that is currently not packaged; that most of the produce in this study was wasted is because there is no packaging at all,” MSU’s Korey Fennel said during the webinar (网络研讨会), also noting the importance of “intelligent packaging” that could indicate the shelf life of food products. 28. What does the underlined word “minimizing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Showing. B. Continuing. C. Recovering. D. Reducing. 29. What does the author intend to do in the second paragraph? A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 30. How did the researchers conduct their study? A. By making observations. B. By asking questions. C. By carrying out experiments. D. By referring to former studies. 31. What is the consumers’ attitude to purchasing packaged food according to the study? A. Cautious. B. Unclear. C. Critical. D. Favorable. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了包装技术在减少食物浪费方面的重要性。 【解析】 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Packaging can play a greater role in keeping produce and other foods fresh… (包装在保持农产品和其他食品新鲜方面可以发挥更大的作用……)”以及“food waste (食物浪费)” 可知，包装在保持农产品和其他食品新鲜方面发挥着更大的作用，因此包装能够减少食物浪费。由此可知，划线词与D选项“Reducing. (减少)” 为同义词。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the United States, food waste in landfills doubled from 1990 to 2020, according to data shared by the US Environmental Protection Agency this year. Researchers cited data showing 40% of the food supply is wasted each year, with 43% of that happening at the consumer or household level. (根据美国环境保护署今年分享的数据，在美国，从1990年到2020年，垃圾填埋场的食物垃圾翻了一番。研究人员引用的数据显示，每年有40%的食物被浪费，其中43%发生在消费者或家庭层面)” 可知，第二段通过数据表明美国人浪费食物，即添加一些背景信息。故选C。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The survey asked consumers about their understanding of packaging forms and willingness to pay more for packaging designed to reduce food waste, among other areas. (该调查询问了消费者对包装形式的理解，以及他们是否愿意为减少食物浪费的包装支付更多费用)” 可知，研究者是通过问消费者问题的方式进行研究的。故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Researchers reported that while consumers’ current understanding of packaging technologies was “limited”, they indicated “they would pay more for food contained in packaging that extends freshness and shelf life.” (研究人员报告称，尽管消费者目前对包装技术的了解“有限”，但他们表示，“他们愿意花更多的钱购买包装中能延长食品新鲜度和保质期的食品。”)” 可推知，研究中消费者对购买带包装的食品持有的是肯定的态度。故选D。 Passage 8 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东一中·期末） When hunters wiped out most fruit eating birds in the tropical forest of Lambir Hills National Park by the 1990s, the skies grew duller-and in a few years so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, illuminating the critical importance of seed dispersal (分散传播) for ecosystem health. The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich. However, a team states that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or are decreasing in numbers, which could harm the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire. For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. And some plants do seem to be in big trouble. The authors came up with a list of nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions, in which both the plant and the animal are threatened or declining. “We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” Even for common, well-studied species, it’s not always apparent which dispersers are most important and whether other species might take over if they were to decline or disappear. There are some similar cases on other continents, too, including North America. But the picture there is even less clear. 32. What can be inferred from Jordi Bascompte's words? A. All seeds rely on animals’ guts to get dispersed. B. The spread of seeds plays a vital role in ecosystem health. C. Animals carry the seeds to keep ecological communities together. D. The movement of animals is more important than that of seeds for ecological balance. 33. Which of the following techniques is NOT used to make the article more persuasive? A. making comparisons B. listing numbers C. giving examples D. citing views 34. Which opinion will Andy agree with? A. What matters most is to find out all the dispersers. B. European scientists have done a great job for centuries. C. It is still unknown which dispersers certain plants are missing. D. Dispersers need a large amount of work to be looked after well. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Some plants are facing the danger of dying out. B. Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. C. Dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened. D. Ecosystem health relies on seed dispersers in many aspects. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了动物对传播种子的重要作用以及因为动物数量的减少，欧洲植物受到的威胁。 【解析】 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals` guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich.( 苏黎世大学的生态学家Jordi Bascompte说，种子通过动物肠道的移动是一种“使生态群落保持在一起的粘合剂”。)”可以推论出，种子的传播对生态系统的健康起着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。为了使文章更有说服力，作者在第三段列举了一些数字“Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven’t yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers. (尽管这项研究没有详细说明危机如何影响生态系统，因为IUCN尚未对67%的植物物种进行评估，但研究人员确实发现，超过60%的植物有5种或更少的动物食用和传播它们的种子，这可能使它们对这些关键的种子传播者的减少或消失特别敏感。)”；在第二段进行了举例“For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe. (例如，一种传播60种植物种子的常见候鸟——花园莺，在整个欧洲都在减少。)”；在第一段引用了Jordi Bascompte的观点“The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals guts (肠道) is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” (种子通过在动物的肠道中的移动是一种“使生态群落保持在一起的粘合剂”)”，但是作者没有通过对比进行论述。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子““We need to make sure we’re looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work,” Andy says, “Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It’s a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe.” (“我们需要确保我们正在关注那些做了大量工作的分散者，”安迪说，“尽管有大量的数据集，但对问题的程度仍有很多未知。例如，尽管在欧洲进行了几个世纪的自然历史观察，动物如何传播一些稀有植物的种子仍然是个谜。”)”可以推论出，目前尚不清楚某些植物缺少哪种传播者。故选C项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了动物对传播种子的重要作用以及因为动物数量的减少，欧洲植物受到的威胁。所以，用B项“Seed disperser declines threaten Europe’s plants. (种子传播者的减少威胁着欧洲的植物。)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B项。 Passage 9 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东市高二联考·期末） A visit to the movies is still among the most popular forms of entertainment even though the entertainment industry always complains about the influence that illegal (非法的) copying and downloading has on its business. “You begin to wonder why people continue to visit movie theaters when they can now watch everything at home,” said Andreas Baranowski of the Institute of Psychology at Mainz University. It was with this in mind that he did research to see whether it was the space itself and the size of the movie theater screen that created a different and preferred movie-watching experience. The research subjects were shown a ten-minute part of the film “Gulliver’s Travels” in different environments. Some of the subjects watched the film in a Mainz art house cinema. Another group viewed the film on a computer screen alone, while a third group sat in front of a very small movie theater, which had a 30 cm × 53 cm screen along with small rows of seats with small figures and curtain (幕布) props - all designed to create the illusion (错觉) of being in a movie theater. The final group had to make do with a model movie theater in which the film was shown on an even smaller cell phone display. The findings show that the larger the screen the greater the extent (程度) to which the viewers are drawn into a movie. So, although the results were best for the movie theater screen, the small movie theater with the computer screen was not far behind, only just in front of the model with the cell phone display. “We believe that the effect of screen size as a factor is not important in statistical (统计的) terms,” said Baranowski. “What was important was the difference in effect between the small movie theater and the only computer screen, causing the experts to come to the conclusion that the environments play a decisive role.” 28. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. People’s choice of the time to go to the movies. B. The influence illegal copying has on the movie industry. C. The favorite movie people like to watch at home. D. People’s preference for going to the movie theaters. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The aim of the research. B. The method of the research. C. The importance of the research. D. The uniqueness of the research. 30. What is the best movie-watching experience according to the research? A. Watching a movie on a cell phone display. B. Enjoying a movie in a small movie theater. C. Seeing a movie in a big art house cinema. D. Viewing a movie on a computer screen alone. 31. According to Baranowski, what greatly influences the movie-watching experience? A. The environments. B. The screen size. C. The types of movies. D. The size of audiences. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，探讨了人们可以在家观影时为何仍去电影院观影，研究显示屏幕大小和观影环境对体验有重要影响，大屏幕和真实影院环境能带来更好的沉浸感。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前文“You begin to wonder why people continue to visit movie theaters when they can now watch everything at home (你开始纳闷，既然人们现在什么都可以在家里看了，为什么还要去电影院呢)”可知，Andreas Baranowski考虑到这一点，他做了一项研究，this指代可以在家里看电影的情况下为什么还要选择去电影院。故选D。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The research subjects were shown a ten-minute part of the film “Gulliver’s Travels” in different environments. Some of the subjects watched the film in a Mainz art house cinema. Another group viewed the film on a computer screen alone, while a third group sat in front of a very small movie theater, which had a 30 cm × 53 cm screen along with small rows of seats with small figures and curtain props - all designed to create the illusion of being in a movie theater. The final group had to make do with a model movie theater in which the film was shown on an even smaller cell phone display. (研究对象在不同的环境中观看了电影《格列佛游记》的10分钟片段。一些研究对象在美因茨的一家艺术影院观看了这部电影。另一组人独自在电脑屏幕上观看电影，而第三组人坐在一个非常小的电影院前，这个电影院有一个30厘米× 53厘米的屏幕，还有小排的座位，上面有小人物和窗帘道具，所有这些都是为了制造一种置身于电影院的错觉。最后一组只能凑合着用一个模型电影院，电影在一个更小的手机屏幕上播放。)”可知，本段主要描述了研究的方法。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The findings show that the larger the screen the greater the extent to which the viewers are drawn into a movie. So, although the results were best for the movie theater screen, the small movie theater with the computer screen was not far behind, only just in front of the model with the cell phone display. (研究结果表明，屏幕越大，观众被电影吸引的程度就越大。所以，虽然电影院屏幕的结果是最好的，但是有电脑屏幕的小电影院也没有落后，只排在有手机屏幕的模型前面。)”可知，有大屏幕的观影效果是最好的，C选项“在一个大的艺术电影院看电影”可以提供最佳观影体验。故选C。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“What was important was the difference in effect between the small movie theater and the only computer screen, causing the experts to come to the conclusion that the environments play a decisive role. (重要的是小电影院和唯一的电脑屏幕之间的效果差异，这使得专家们得出环境起决定性作用的结论。)”可知，根据Baranowski的观点，环境最能影响观影体验。故选A。 Passage 10 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南邵东市高二联考·期末） These students wandering through the woods on the outskirts (郊区) of Portland, Oregon, aren’t on a school field trip — this muddy field is their school. From the moment they’re dropped off in the morning, they spend their entire day outside in one of Oregon’s public parks. “Rain or shine, we’re out here,” said teacher Christine Fleener. On this surprisingly nice day, Fleener’s class of fifth graders headed to the grassland for a biology lesson. Further down the trail, a group of fourth graders is learning on logs. It’s school, just not the type of school you might be used to. “Forest school is where the classroom does not have walls,” said Tony Deis, one of the founders of Trackers Earth Forest School. “It’s how kids originally learned; they didn’t learn sitting at desks, facing forward, and looking at a teacher. They learned from a multi-sensory environment.” Over the past decade, outdoor forest schools have gained popularity in the United States. The idea is that the challenges that come with being outside all day — dealing with weather, building your own shelter, and unearthing the unexpected are all part of the learning process. It’s complicated, of course. Outdoor schooling involves a puzzle of weather and regulations and budget issues. A well-funded private school in Portland, Oregon is one thing, but what about a public school in Portland, Maine? Surprisingly, cold Maine, of all places, has been quick to adopt outdoor learning. The district isn’t all outside all the time, but certain classes, like art, have moved outdoors. Supplies came from federal (联邦的) funds and local donations. And while Maine has plenty of open space, Brooke Teller, the outdoor learning coordinator (协调人) for Portland Public Schools, believes schools in major cities could have green classrooms hiding underneath their pavement (路面). She said, “We have a few hundred landscape architects all across the country who have volunteered to be a thought partner with schools that want to figure out where on their grounds would be best for outdoor learning.” 32. What does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. The popularity of public parks. B. The routine of a forest school. C. An interesting school field trip. D. An unforgettable adventure. 33. What is the main philosophy behind the concept of forest schools? A. Kids learn out of curiosity B. Kids learn by outdoor practice. C. Kids learn by challenging other students. D. Kids learn by interacting with others. 34. What does Teller suggest schools that want to start outdoor education do? A. Start from certain classes. B. Work with landscape architects. C. Make use of their open space. D. Build green classrooms underground. 35. What can be the best title for the text? A. Outdoor forest schools. B. Benefits of learning outdoors. C. A new way of thinking. D. Outdoor education in Oregon. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国的户外森林学校越来越受欢迎，解释了其教学理念以及存在的挑战。 【解析】 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“These students wandering through the woods on the outskirts (郊区) of Portland, Oregon, aren’t on a school field trip — this muddy field is their school. From the moment they’re dropped off in the morning, they spend their entire day outside in one of Oregon’s public parks. “Rain or shine, we’re out here,” said teacher Christine Fleener.(这些学生在俄勒冈州波特兰市郊区的树林里闲逛，他们不是在学校实地考察——这片泥泞的田野就是他们的学校。从早上下车的那一刻起，他们就会在俄勒冈州的一个公园里度过一整天。“无论晴雨，我们都在这里，”克里斯汀·弗莱纳老师说)”可知，作者在文章的开头描述了森林学校的日常生活。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s how kids originally learned; they didn’t learn sitting at desks, facing forward, and looking at a teacher. They learned from a multi-sensory environment.(这是孩子们最初的学习方式；他们不是坐在课桌前，面朝前，看着老师学习。他们从多感官环境中学习)”可知，森林学校概念背后的主要理念是孩子们通过户外实践来学习。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“She said, “We have a few hundred landscape architects all across the country who have volunteered to be a thought partner with schools that want to figure out where on their grounds would be best for outdoor learning.”(她说，“我们在全国各地有几百名景观设计师，他们自愿成为学校的思想伙伴，帮助学校找到户外学习的最佳场地。”)”可知，泰勒建议那些想开展户外教育的学校与景观设计师合作。故选D。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Over the past decade, outdoor forest schools have gained popularity in the United States. The idea is that the challenges that come with being outside all day — dealing with weather, building your own shelter, and unearthing the unexpected are all part of the learning process.(在过去的十年里，户外森林学校在美国越来越受欢迎。他们的想法是，整日在外的挑战——应对天气、建造自己的庇护所、发现意想不到的事情——都是学习过程的一部分)”，结合文章主要说明了美国的户外森林学校越来越受欢迎，解释了其教学理念以及存在的挑战。可知，A选项“户外森林学校”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 11 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25学年高二上·湖南益阳市·期末） After Anthea Dare’s daughter entered seventh grade, she wanted a phone to use social media like her friends. Worried about how it might affect her daughter’s body image, Dare didn’t give in. Now, she hopes Australia’s plan to ban social media for children under 16 will help. Some say this ban is very strict. The Australian government wants to make this ban official this year. Authorities have clarified that social media firms will bear the responsibility, and parents won’t be fined. Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said, “Social media poses risks to our youth. I’ve talked to many parents on this matter.” However, compared to some other countries, Australia’s approach to tackling this issue is somewhat unique. Worldwide, leaders are trying to control children’s social media use due to concerns over mental wellbeing. For instance, in Florida, there’s a law banning social media for under-14s and needing parents’ agreement for 14-and 15-year-olds. But Australia won’t adopt such measures, allowing platforms like YouTube Kids. Tech giants like Google and TikTok have voiced opposition to the ban. Sunita Bose from the Digital Industry Group remarked, “We don’t stop children from beaches; instead, we teach them to swim safely. Banning teens might push them to dangerous parts of the internet.” Social media companies will follow the governmental guidelines and try to enhance youth protection. However, some say we need more talk about how to do this. Research shows a link between social media and mental health issues like depression, but companies say there’s no direct cause. Certain mental health organizations express concern that the ban will stop the good sides of social media for teens. They believe kids need to learn about it. Moreover, teenagers might still access social media through an older friend’s account, bypassing (避开) the ban. A 19-year-old university student said, “A ban won’t stop people. They might avoid discussing it with adults, leading to more problems.” 28. What effect of social media on her daughter does Dare mainly worry about? A. Her body image. B. Her studies. C. Her mental health. D. Her physical health. 29. What do we know about Australia’s plan to ban social media for children? A. It is the same as other countries. B. It is more strict than other countries. C. It is less strict than some countries. D. It is similar to Florida’s. 30. What does the 19-year-old university student imply about the ban? A. It will be widely supported by teenagers. B. It will have a positive impact on teenagers’ mental health. C. It will completely stop teenagers from using social media. D. It will lead to more problems between teenagers and adults. 31. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Impact of Phones on Teens B. Anthea Dare’s Fight with Her Daughter C. Australia Pushes to Close Social Media to Under-16s D Global Efforts to Control Children’s Social Media Use 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了澳大利亚计划禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体，各方对此计划的态度以及与其他国家相关措施的对比等内容。 【解析】 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Worried about how it might affect her daughter’s body image, Dare didn't give in(由于担心社交媒体可能会影响女儿的身体形象，Dare没有让步)”可知，Dare主要担心社交媒体对她女儿身体形象的影响。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“However, compared to some other countries, Australia’s approach to tackling this issue is somewhat unique.(然而，与其他一些国家相比，澳大利亚解决这个问题的方法有些独特)”以及第三段“Worldwide, leaders are trying to control children’s social media use due to concerns over mental wellbeing. For instance, in Florida, there’s a law banning social media for under-14s and needing parents’ agreement for 14-and 15-year-olds. But Australia won’t adopt such measures, allowing platforms like YouTube Kids(全球范围内，各国领导人正试图控制儿童使用社交媒体，因为他们担心这会影响孩子们的心理健康。例如，在佛罗里达州，有一项法律禁止14岁以下的儿童使用社交媒体，而14岁和15岁的孩子则需要得到父母的同意才能使用。但是澳大利亚不会采取这样的措施，允许像YouTube Kids这样的平台存在)”以及第一段“Now, she hopes Australia’s plan to ban social media for children under 16 will help(现在，她希望澳大利亚禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体的计划能有所帮助)”可知，佛罗里达州是禁止14岁以下使用社交媒体，14 - 15岁需要父母同意，而澳大利亚是禁止16岁以下使用，所以澳大利亚的计划比其他一些国家更严格。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A 19 - year - old university student said, “A ban won't stop people. They might avoid discussing it with adults, leading to more problems.”(一名19岁的大学生说：“禁令不会阻止人们（使用社交媒体）。他们可能会避免与成年人讨论这个问题，从而导致更多问题”)”可知，这名19岁大学生暗示这项禁令会导致青少年和成年人之间产生更多问题。故选D项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Worried about how it might affect her daughter’s body image, Dare didn't give in(由于担心社交媒体可能会影响女儿的身体形象，Dare没有让步)”、第二段“However, compared to some other countries, Australia’s approach to tackling this issue is somewhat unique.(然而，与其他一些国家相比，澳大利亚解决这个问题的方法有些独特)”、第三段“Worldwide, leaders are trying to control children’s social media use due to concerns over mental wellbeing. For instance, in Florida, there’s a law banning social media for under-14s and needing parents’ agreement for 14-and 15-year-olds. But Australia won’t adopt such measures, allowing platforms like YouTube Kids(全球范围内，各国领导人正试图控制儿童使用社交媒体，因为他们担心这会影响孩子们的心理健康。例如，在佛罗里达州，有一项法律禁止14岁以下的儿童使用社交媒体，而14岁和15岁的孩子则需要得到父母的同意才能使用。但是澳大利亚不会采取这样的措施，允许像YouTube Kids这样的平台存在)”以及最后一段“Certain mental health organizations express concern that the ban will stop the good sides of social media for teens. They believe kids need to learn about it. Moreover, teenagers might still access social media through an older friend’s account, bypassing (避开) the ban. A 19-year-old university student said, “A ban won’t stop people. They might avoid discussing it with adults, leading to more problems.”(一些心理健康机构担心禁令会阻碍青少年从社交媒体中获得益处。他们认为孩子们需要了解（社交媒体）。而且，青少年可能通过年长朋友的账号访问社交媒体，从而避开禁令。一位19岁的大学生说：“禁令阻止不了人们。他们可能避免和成年人讨论（这件事），从而导致更多问题”)”可知，文章主要围绕澳大利亚推动对16岁以下儿童关闭社交媒体这一计划展开，介绍了计划的相关情况、各方态度等内容，所以C项“Australia Pushes to Close Social Media to Under - 16s (澳大利亚推动16岁以下人群远离社交媒体)”表达的含义适合用作本文标题。故选C项。 Passage 12 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南益阳市·期末） Climate change brings rising temperatures, increased sea levels and drought. However, its effects don’t end there — it can also change the taste of food. In Spain, black Iberian pigs, which are crucial for producing the unique Jamon Iberico ham, are facing a food crisis due to heatwaves and droughts. These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor. Drought also affects the taste of fruits. Watermelons and cantaloupes, for example, undergo significant flavor changes during drought conditions. Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse. Beyond drought, rising temperatures and sea levels also influence food flavors. Warm days and cool nights help fruits develop the best flavor by increasing their sugar content and acidity (酸度). However, global warming is changing this. For example, Japanese apples are becoming less acidic, softer, and drier because they bloom early and grow in higher temperatures. Oysters, which do best in a mix of salt and freshwater, are losing their unique taste due to saltier environments. While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate. Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Raising livestock (牲畜) makes up about 14.5 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions, similar to the emissions from all vehicles combined. Producing animal protein uses more resources than plant protein. Fortunately, this vicious (恶性的) cycle can be broken. For example, The Good Food Institute, a US-based think tank, believes people will choose alternative (备选的) proteins if they are as tasty and affordable as meat. Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced. 32. What has caused the change in the taste of Jamon Iberico ham? A. The use of other meat sources. B. The change in pig-raising methods. C. The lack of natural food for the pigs. D. The introduction of new techniques. 33. According to the text, how does drought influence the flavor of fruits? A. By enhancing their natural taste. B. By increasing their water percentage. C. By lowering their acidity to a certain level. D. By changing their taste positively or negatively. 34. What’s the main idea of paragraph 5? A. Agriculture’s role in climate change. B. Climate impact of food choices. C. Comparison of plant and animal proteins. D. Greenhouse gas emissions of raising livestock. 35. What can people do to help break the vicious cycle? A. Consume less food. B. Purchase local produce. C. Choose more animal protein. D. Advocate traditional farming methods. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了气候变化对食物味道的影响，以及食物选择对气候的反作用。 【解析】 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These extreme weather conditions nave reduced the number of acorns and grass available to the pigs, forcing them to consume different feed that changes the ham’s flavor.(这些极端天气条件减少了猪可食用的橡子和草的数量，迫使它们食用不同的饲料，从而改变了火腿的味道)”可知，橡子和草的减少，即猪的自然食物缺乏导致了伊比利亚火腿味道的改变。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Researchers have found that compounds like sugars accumulate in fruits during droughts, resulting in the changes of tastes, sometimes for better and sometimes for worse.(研究人员发现，在干旱期间，水果中会积累糖分等化合物，导致味道发生变化，有时更好，有时更糟)”可知，干旱通过改变水果的味道，或好或坏，来影响水果的味道。故选D项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“While the food we eat is affected by climate change, our food choices also impact the climate.(虽然我们吃的食物受到气候变化的影响，但我们的食物选择也会影响气候)”以及后文“Meat and dairy, especially from cows, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions (肉类和奶制品，尤其是来自奶牛的，会大大增加温室气体排放)”可知我们的食物选择也会影响气候，肉类和乳制品对温室气体排放有影响，可推理出本段主要讲述了食物选择对气候的影响。故选B项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Additionally, more farmers are practicing “greener” farming, and when people buy local, in-season produce, the impact on the environment is reduced.(此外，越来越多的农民正在实践“更绿色”的农业，当人们购买本地、当季的农产品时，对环境的影响就会减少)”可知，人们可以通过购买本地农产品来帮助打破这个恶性循环。故选B项。 Passage 13 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南永州市·期末） In rural Pakistan, a new project, called Improving Access to Sustainable Energy in Rural Pakistan Using Food and Fiber Agro-Waste as a Renewable Fuel (SAFER), aims to turn banana waste into a reliable source of electricity for off-grid (远离电网的) communities. Every year, Pakistan generates 80 million metric tons of agricultural waste from growing bananas. Academics from Northumbria University, in partnership with UK and Pakistani organizations, have developed an innovative two-part system that will make use of this waste product and provide benefits for local people at the same time. The first part will use new technology to turn the banana waste into textile fibers (纺织纤维), and the second part takes the waste generated from that process and uses it to produce renewable (可再生的) energy. This will not only reduce the environmental impact of Pakistan’s textile industry, but also bring cleaner electricity to the 50% of people living in rural areas of the country who currently rely on fossil (化石) fuels for energy. The process has the potential to be applied to almost any form of agricultural waste, benefiting communities and the environment worldwide through the supply of renewable textiles and energy. Dr. Jibran Khaliq, of Northumbria University, is a material scientist who researches turning waste energy. “Pakistan’s textile department is responsible for significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions (排放), and microplastics,” said Dr. Khaliq in a statement. He revealed that his partners have developed a technology to turn banana waste into textile fibers, but the lack of electricity in rural Sindh, where the majority of the bananas are grown, has prevented this innovation from being scaled-up until now. “Over the next year we will be working to develop a new waste-to-energy technology. The technology will benefit the textile industry and local communities, improving soil fertility (肥沃) and food production through the generation of biofertilizers (生物肥料),” he added. 28. What is SAFER intended to do? A. To reduce textile waste. B. To promote banana planting. C. To increase agricultural production. D. To generate electricity from banana waste. 29. How does the author present the two-part system in detail? A. By giving a definition. B. By giving an example. C. By making a comparison. D. By making an explanation. . 30. What has prevented the wide application of the technology in rural Sindh? A. Lack of labor force. B. Electricity shortage. C. Insufficient funding. D. High cost of the technology. 31. What is a potential benefit of the new waste-to-energy technology? A. Developing agriculture. B. Decreasing soil fertility. C. Increasing use of fossil fuel. D. Promoting the sale of textile. 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦的一个名为SAFER的项目，旨在将香蕉废料转化为可靠的电力来源，还介绍了相关系统及面临的问题和潜在益处。 【解析】 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“In rural Pakistan, a new project, called Improving Access to Sustainable Energy in Rural Pakistan Using Food and Fiber Agro-Waste as a Renewable Fuel (SAFER), aims to turn banana waste into a reliable source of electricity for off-grid (远离电网的) communities.(在巴基斯坦农村，一个名为‘利用食品和纤维农业废料作为可再生燃料改善巴基斯坦农村可持续能源获取’(SAFER)的新项目，旨在将香蕉废料转化为离网社区可靠的电力来源)”可知，SAFER项目旨在利用香蕉废料发电。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Academics from Northumbria University, in partnership with UK and Pakistani organizations, have developed an innovative two-part system that will make use of this waste product and provide benefits for local people at the same time. The first part will use new technology to turn the banana waste into textile fibers (纺织纤维), and the second part takes the waste generated from that process and uses it to produce renewable (可再生的) energy.(诺森比亚大学的学者们与英国和巴基斯坦的组织合作，开发了一个由两部分组成的创新系统，该系统将利用这种废物，同时为当地人带来好处。第一部分将使用新技术将香蕉废料转化为纺织纤维，第二部分则利用该过程产生的废料来生产可再生能源)”可推知，作者通过对该两部分系统的组成和运作方式进行解释来详细介绍它。故选D项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“He revealed that his partners have developed a technology to turn banana waste into textile fibers, but the lack of electricity in rural Sindh, where the majority of the bananas are grown, has prevented this innovation from being scaled-up until now.(他透露，他的合作伙伴已经开发出一种将香蕉废料转化为纺织纤维的技术，但香蕉主要种植地信德省农村地区的电力短缺，至今阻碍了这项创新的推广)”可知，电力短缺阻碍了该技术在信德省农村的广泛应用。故选B项。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The technology will benefit the textile industry and local communities, improving soil fertility (肥沃) and food production through the generation of biofertilizers (生物肥料) (这项技术将造福纺织业和当地社区，通过生产生物肥料提高土壤肥力和粮食产量)”可知，这项新技术可以提高土壤肥力和粮食产量，说明它的一个潜在好处是利于发展农业。故选A项。 Passage 14 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南永州市·期末） Glaciers (冰川) are enormous masses of ice created by snow that has become packed over many years. Hidden inside some of them are dramatic and beautiful caves called glacier caves (洞), which are made entirely of ice. How do they form? Ice caves, usually lying within or beneath glaciers, are formed by the meltwater of the glacier that flows through the ice during periods of rainfall or during the warmer months when the glacier ice is melting (融化). Where the melted water flows through cracks (裂缝) in the ice, the cracks get bigger and bigger over time. Eventually, a glacier cave is formed. Glacier caves are valuable to glaciologists, scientists who study glaciers. Usually, glaciologists can study the surface of a glacier, but these caves let them see the underside and inside. Studying a glacier from the inside helps scientists learn about the way a glacier moves and slides. As the climate changes, glaciers are melting quickly, leading to rising sea levels. Glacier caves are changing quickly too. From one visit to the next, people might find that some rooms in a cave have disappeared while others have formed. Ice may have thickened or thinned as more air enters through places where the ice has melted through. Because of this, the volume has to be re-mapped every few weeks. “It’s very different from a rock cave, which never changes,” said Cartaya, a 46-year-old Forest Service worker and EMT in Bend, Oregon. “Once you survey a rock cave, it’s done. With these, every week it’s changing.” Glaciologists and other scientists measure these changes. The information can help them figure out what is happening with our sea levels and our planet. In recent years, data collected from the cave system has unlocked an important clue in tracking glacial loss. They hope to provide critical new information for understanding the impact of glacial loss on water resources and global sea level rise. 32. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The effects of glacier caves. B. The changes of glacier caves. C. The formation of glacier caves. D. The definition of glacier caves. 33. Why does the author mention Cartaya’s words in paragraph 4? A. To prove a point. B. To introduce a topic. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To attract readers’ interest. 34. What can we learn from the text? A. Glacier caves change slowly. B. Glacier caves are made partly of ice. C. Meltwater flows through the ice cracks in colder weather. D. Glacier caves help figure out how glaciers move and slide. 35. What do scientists think of the current research? A. Satisfying. B. Disappointing. C. Shocking. D. Confusing. 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰川洞穴的形成、对冰川学家的价值，以及因气候变化其不断变化的情况，科学家通过研究洞穴变化了解海平面和地球的情况。 【解析】 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“How do they form? Ice caves, usually lying within or beneath glaciers, are formed by the meltwater of the glacier that flows through the ice during periods of rainfall or during the warmer months when the glacier ice is melting (融化). Where the melted water flows through cracks (裂缝) in the ice, the cracks get bigger and bigger over time. Eventually, a glacier cave is formed.(它们是如何形成的呢?冰洞通常位于冰川内部或下方，是由冰川的融水在降雨期间或冰川冰融化的温暖月份流经冰层形成的。当融化的水从冰中的裂缝流过时，随着时间的推移，裂缝会越来越大。最终，一个冰川洞穴就形成了)”可知，该段主要讲述了冰川洞穴的形成。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Glacier caves are changing quickly too. From one visit to the next, people might find that some rooms in a cave have disappeared while others have formed. Ice may have thickened or thinned as more air enters through places where the ice has melted through. Because of this, the volume has to be re-mapped every few weeks.(冰川洞穴也在迅速变化。在一次又一次的参观中，人们可能会发现洞穴中的一些洞室消失了，而另一些洞室则形成了。随着更多的空气从冰融化的地方进入，冰可能变厚或变薄。因此，每隔几周体积就必须重新测绘)”可知，段中先提出冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。然后引用了Cartaya的话“It’s very different from a rock cave, which never changes,(这里和岩洞非常不同，岩洞永远不会变)”和“Once you survey a rock cave, it’s done. With these, every week it’s changing.(一旦你勘测了一个岩洞，一切就完成了。而这些冰川洞穴，每周都在变化)”可知，作者提到Cartaya的话是为了证明冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。故选A项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studying a glacier from the inside helps scientists learn about the way a glacier moves and slides.(从内部研究冰川有助于科学家了解冰川移动和滑动的方式)”可知，冰川洞穴有助于弄清楚冰川是如何移动和滑动的。故选D项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In recent years, data collected from the cave system has unlocked an important clue in tracking glacial loss. They hope to provide critical new information for understanding the impact of glacial loss on water resources and global sea level rise.(近年来，从洞穴系统收集的数据为追踪冰川流失提供了一条重要线索。他们希望为了解冰川流失对水资源和全球海平面上升的影响提供关键的新信息)”可知，科学家们认为目前的研究是令人满意的，因为有了重要发现并有望提供关键新信息。故选A项。 Passage 15 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高二上·湖南岳阳市岳阳中学·期末） Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate our conversations: bones. It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how best to strengthen your bones and whether diet really makes a difference. Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven’t been consistent. But gradually some clarity is emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what to eat, it’s useful to look at new data on vitamin D. Calcium is the key element for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充剂) to make up for age-related bone loss. But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults,” says Meryl LeBoff, who led the study. What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. Getting it from food is best, LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients (营养物质), and you have a more continuous absorption than with D supplements.” The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in. Weight-bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu. 32. What do the statistics in paragraph 1 emphasize? A. The seriousness of bone problems. B. The concern about senior citizens. C. The confusion about strengthening bones. D. The importance of having a balanced diet. 33. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply? A. Diet research is no longer a challenge. B. We’ve made resolutions to study diets. C. Findings on bone health prove to be similar. D. We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy. 34. What can be inferred from the recent study? A. People can absorb vitamin D in food easily. B. The findings go against LeBoffs earlier ones. C. D supplements play a minor role than expected. D. Fractures are linked with weight-bearing exercise. 35. What is a suitable title for the text? A. A recipe for better bones B. Your bones cry! C. The magic of D supplements D. Vitamin D wins! 【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明服用D补充剂五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。 【解析】 【32题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). (考虑到20%的50岁以上的美国女性患有骨质疏松症，超过一半的女性患有骨质疏松，这是有道理的。对于男性来说，这一数字更低：4%和三分之一。在全球范围内，三分之一的50岁以上女性和五分之一的老年男性会发生骨折)”可知，骨骼问题很普遍，第一段中的统计数据强调了骨骼问题的严重性。故选A项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven’t been consistent. (饮食研究总是一团糟，关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致)”可知，but表转折，前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致，后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康上大家达成了共识，再结合本段中的“so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充剂) to make up for age-related bone loss (所以医生经常建议补充D来弥补与年龄相关的骨质流失)”可知，划线句表明“我们开始就保持骨骼健康的方法达成一致”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中的“But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). (但最近的一项研究发现，服用D补充剂五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率。这一结果建立在由同一团队领导的早期发现的基础上，即这些补充剂不能提高骨密度)”和第四段中的“because there are so many other nutrients (营养物质), and you have a more continuous absorption than with D supplements (因为还有很多其他营养素，而且比起D补充剂你更能持续吸收它们)”可推知，D补充剂的作用比预期的要小。故选C项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。由第三段中的“But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. (但最近的一项研究发现，服用D补充剂五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率)”，第三段中的“Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults (食物和阳光照射可能为健康成年人提供足够的维生素D)”，第四段中的“What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. (什么有助于我们所有人保持强壮的骨骼？简单的答案是高钙食物，比如牛奶和豆腐)”和最后一段中的“So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu. (因此，在关注更好的营养选择的同时，在你的日常菜单中增加更多的运动)”可知，文章一项研究表明服用D补充剂五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康，A项“更好骨骼的秘诀”符合文意。故选A项。 Passage 16 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） A growth mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work, dedication, and learning. In contrast, a fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits that cannot be changed. Developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. One of the benefits of having a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to embrace challenges and view them as opportunities for growth. Instead of avoiding challenges, individuals with a growth mindset approach them with a positive attitude, seeing them as a chance to learn and improve. This mindset helps individuals push themselves outside of their comfort zone, which can lead to personal growth and development. Another benefit of a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to persist in the face of setbacks and failures. When faced with obstacles, individuals with a growth mindset don’t give up or view them as a reflection of their abilities. Instead, they see setbacks as temporary and an opportunity to learn and grow from their mistakes. This mindset helps individuals develop resilience and grit, which are essential qualities for achieving success. Developing a growth mindset can also lead to increased creativity and innovation. When individuals believe that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to take risks and try new things. This mindset allows individuals to approach problems with an open mind, which can lead to creative solutions and new ideas. Finally, a growth mindset can lead to increased motivation and achievement. When individuals believe that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to set goals and work towards them. This mindset helps individuals stay focused and motivated, even in the face of challenges and setbacks. In conclusion, developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face of setbacks, and approaching problems with an open mind, individuals with a growth mindset can achieve their goals and reach their full potential. 28. From the passage, how many benefits of a growth mindset are mentioned? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 29. How does a growth mindset affect an individual’s creativity and innovation? A. It allows individuals to embrace challenges. B. It helps individuals to persist in the face of setbacks. C. It encourages individuals to take risks and try new things. D. It makes individuals set achievable goals and work towards them. 30. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a growth mindset? A. Being failure-avoidant. B. Being success-oriented. C. Being potential-maximizing. D. Being challenge-embracing. 31. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Developing a growth mindset is the key to individual development. B. The growth mindset is mainly beneficial for achieving success in professional life. C. Embracing a growth mindset can help realize ambitions and fulfil one’s capabilities. D. A fixed mindset is essential for sustainable development and environmental awareness. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成长型思维是一种信念，即智力和能力可以通过努力工作、奉献和学习来发展。相反，固定心态是指认为智力和能力是固定的特征，不能改变。培养成长型思维是在个人生活和职业生涯中取得成功的宝贵工具。 【解析】 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of the benefits of having a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to embrace challenges and view them as opportunities for growth.(拥有成长心态的好处之一是，它允许个人接受挑战，并将其视为成长的机会)”、“Another benefit of a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to persist in the face of setbacks and failures.(成长心态的另一个好处是，它允许个人在面对挫折和失败时坚持下去)”以及第三段中“Developing a growth mindset can also lead to increased creativity and innovation.(培养成长型思维也能提高创造力和创新能力)”和“Finally, a growth mindset can lead to increased motivation and achievement.(最后，成长型思维模式可以带来更多的动力和成就)”可知，文章提到了成长型思维的四点好处。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Developing a growth mindset can also lead to increased creativity and innovation. When individuals believe that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to take risks and try new things. This mindset allows individuals to approach problems with an open mind, which can lead to creative solutions and new ideas.(培养成长型思维也能提高创造力和创新能力。当个人相信他们的能力可以得到发展时，他们更有可能冒险和尝试新事物。这种心态使个人能够以开放的心态处理问题，从而产生创造性的解决方案和新想法)”可知，成长型思维鼓励个人冒险和尝试新事物来影响个人的创造力和创新能力的。故选C项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face of setbacks, and approaching problems with an open mind, individuals with a growth mindset can achieve their goals and reach their full potential.( 总之，培养成长型思维是在个人生活和职业生涯中取得成功的宝贵工具。通过接受挑战，坚持面对挫折，并以开放的心态处理问题，具有成长心态的个人可以实现他们的目标并充分发挥他们的潜力)”可知，回避失败不是成长型思维模式的特征。故选A项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and professional life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face of setbacks, and approaching problems with an open mind, individuals with a growth mindset can achieve their goals and reach their full potential.( 总之，培养成长型思维是在个人生活和职业生涯中取得成功的宝贵工具。通过接受挑战，坚持面对挫折，并以开放的心态处理问题，具有成长心态的个人可以实现他们的目标并充分发挥他们的潜力)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是拥有成长型思维模式有助于实现抱负和发挥个人能力。故选C项。 Passage 17 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市周南中学·期末） Having trouble falling asleep? It’s common to blame the phone that's just inches from your face and the constant updates you keep scrolling (滚动) through as you lie in bed. But the idea that the blue light from your smartphone is what’s keeping you awake isn’t quite right. While blue or short-wave length light — such as daylight or that emitted (发出) by tech — does affect our body’s internal clock, things are less clear-cut than we often think. “Sleep is a very complex process,” says Stuart Peirson, a professor of circadian neuroscience (昼夜节律神经科学) at Oxford University. He explains that the part of our eyes that tells our brain when it’s time to be awake is set off by cells that absorb blue light. However, it’s also set off by cells that absorb longer wavelengths of light (such as red). This means it’s not the color of the light that’s the problem, it’s the brightness and length of time we’re exposed to it. The screens of our phones, in fact, are not very bright. Sunlight is l, 000 times brighter than the average light emitted by a phone. Room lighting is, on average, 10 times brighter. This is why turning off the big light as you get ready for bed can help you feel sleepier. “Technically, blue light from smartphones can affect sleep,” says Peirson. “But these effects are small unless you are using your phone for hours with a very bright screen and already have sleep problems.” In studies done at Harvard University, even using an e-reader with the brightness turned up for four hours only caused a small delay in falling asleep just 10 minutes. In fact, your sleep is more likely to be affected by the kinds of content you’re looking at. If you think light is impacting your sleep, Peirson says you don’t need to spend money on special “blue-light blocking” glasses. Instead, he suggests decreasing your screen time and turning down the brightness on your phone. 28. What is commonly blamed for causing trouble falling asleep? A. The brightness of room lighting. B. The content on electronic devices. C. The constant updates on smartphones. D. The size of electronic screens. 29. What does Stuart Peirson say about how light affects sleep? A. Red light is the main reason that affects sleep. B. Blue light strongly affects sleep, no matter how bright it is. C. Only blue light affects the part of our eyes that influences sleep. D. Light’s brightness and length of exposure are more important than color. 30. What does Stuart Peirson suggest if you believe light is affecting your sleep? A. Decreasing screen time and lowering its brightness. B. Turning off all electronic devices before bed. C. Buying special “blue-light blocking” glasses. D. Avoiding using electronic devices during the day. 31. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The effects of blue light on sleep are made to seem bigger than they are. B. Special glasses are necessary to block blue light. C. Sunlight is the most important reason affecting sleep. D. The color of the light emitted by electronic devices decides sleep quality. 【答案】 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论的是智能手机等电子设备发出的蓝光对睡眠的影响被夸大，实际上影响睡眠的是光的亮度和暴露在光下的时间，而不是光的颜色。 【解析】 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s common to blame the phone that's just inches from your face and the constant updates you keep scrolling(滚动) through as you lie in bed.(人们通常把入睡困难归咎于离脸只有几英寸远的手机以及躺在床上不断浏览持续更新的信息)”可知，人们普遍认为导致入睡困难的原因是智能手机的不断更新。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it’s not the color of the light that's the problem, it’s the brightness and length of time we’re exposed to it(问题不是光的颜色,真正有影响的是光的亮度和我们暴露在光下的时间长度)”可以推断出，Peirson认为在影响睡眠方面，光的亮度和暴露时间比光的颜色更重要，故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If you think light is impacting your sleep, Peirson says you don’t need to spend money on special ‘blue-light blocking’ glasses. Instead, he suggests decreasing your screen time and turning down the brightness on your phone.(如果你认为光在影响你的睡眠， Peirson 建议你不需要购买特殊的防蓝光眼镜，而是应该减少屏幕使用时间并降低手机屏幕亮度)”可知，如果你认为光线影响你的睡眠，斯图尔特·佩尔森的建议是减少屏幕使用时间并降低亮度。故选A。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Having trouble falling asleep? It’s common to blame the phone that’s just inches from your face and the constant updates you keep scrolling (滚动) through as you lie in bed. But the idea that the blue light from your smartphone is what’s keeping you awake isn't quite right.(难以入睡？人们通常会责怪距离您脸仅几英寸的手机以及您躺在床上时不断滚动的不断更新。但认为智能手机发出的蓝光让你保持清醒的想法并不完全正确。)”文章主要讨论的是智能手机等电子设备发出的蓝光对睡眠的影响被夸大，实际上影响睡眠的是光的亮度和暴露在光下的时间，而不是光的颜色。因此，选项A“蓝光对睡眠的影响似乎被夸大了”最能概括文章的主旨。故选A。 Passage 18 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市周南中学·期末） Feeling a hug from each other via the internet may be a possibility in the near future. A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless, soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch, and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction. It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication. While there are numerous devices in the market to simulate (模拟) the sense of touch in the virtual world, they provide only touch sensing or touch response. The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface. The e-skin is a 7cm×l0cm, 4.2mm-thick device containing 16 flexible actuators (驱动器), a microcontroller unit, a Bluetooth module, and other electronics on a flexible circuit board. The actuator serves as the core part of the e-skin. Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force, a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital signals by a converter (转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth. When the signals are received, a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动). The process can be reversed to deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s. The e-skin can communicate with Bluetooth devices and send data through the internet with smartphones and computers to perform long-distance touch and to form a touch Internet of Things (IoT) system, where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized. Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other. This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication. Next, the research team will focus on practical applications for people with visual disability, who could wear the e-skin to gain remote directional guidance and read Braille messages. 32. What is the unique feature of the e-skin? A. It provides hugs for users. B. It builds a social network. C. It provides touch sensing and copying, D. It monitors the process of self-sensing. 33. What does the underlined word “reversed” mean? A. Started. B. Disturbed. C. Completed. D. Exchanged. 34. What can we learn about e-skin? A. It strengthens bonds across distance. B. Its converter vibrates when working. C. It sends electrical signals to receivers. D. Its system delivers touch with phones. 35. What would be the best title of the text? A. A signal-sending application B. An invention for the disabled C. A device for virtual interaction D. A long distance communication 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤 【解析】 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface.(这种新型电子皮肤的独特之处在于它可以在同一界面上实现自我感知和触感再现功能)”可知，这种电子皮肤的独特之处是提供并复制触感。故选C。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When the signals are received, a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动).(当接收到信号时，会产生电流，通过机械振动在接收器的电子皮肤上重现触摸反应)”和下文“deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s.(将振动从接收器的电子皮肤传递到发送器的相应致动器)”可知，机械振动可以让接收器感受触摸，也将接收器由此产生的震动发送给相应的致动器。由此可知，这个过程是可以互换的。由此猜测划线词意为“互换”，与exchange同义。故选D。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other. This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication.(不同地方的朋友和家人可以用它来“感受”彼此。这种形式的触摸克服了空间的限制，大大减少了人类交流中的距离感)”可知，这种电子皮肤减少了人们交流中的距离感，即它可以加强跨越距离的联系。故选A。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Feeling a hug from each other via the internet may be a possibility in the near future. A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless, soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch, and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction. It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication.(在不久的将来，通过互联网感受彼此的拥抱可能是可能的。由香港城市大学领导的一个研究团队最近开发了一种无线、柔软的电子皮肤，它可以检测和传递触觉，并形成允许一对多用户交互的触觉网络。它为改善远程触摸通信提供了巨大的潜力)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤，它通过提供和传递触感减少人们交流中的距离感，加强跨距离的联系。因此C项“A device for virtual interaction(一个用于虚拟互动的设备)”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 19 人与自然——环境保护 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka, Madagascar, the Zahamena National Park has overall land coverage of 643 square kilometers, but only about 420 square kilometers is open to the public. It receives an average rainfall level of around 6 feet every year and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season between April and October. And elevations (海拔) inside the park range from 250 to 1,560 meters, which has resulted in a diversity (多样性) of climates. One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is its unique highland landform (高地地貌). The development of several ecosystems that all together exist within its area greatly depends on it. And this is also the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area of its wide range are different in another, which makes it quite exciting to explore. This protected region’s main area is divided into two parts: the eastern and western areas, with a separate piece of ground in the middle where many small villages are located. Zahamena means “red trees”, which suggests a tree species scientifically called Diatum unifoliatum. It lives only in Zahamena and is characterized by its typically deep reddish-orange color. Established as a strict natural highland habitat for nature conservation (保护) in 1927, the Zahamena National Park was officially awarded the honorary title of national park in 1997 and was finally opened to the public. Due to its amazing landform and unique local biodiversity, this national park was later listed as a key part of the Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007. Unluckily, there are no hotels or restaurants around the national park. So Zahamena is not an easy rainforest—this national park needs people with a high level of fitness and people with low requirements concerning accommodations. Everyone who is not discouraged by this will be able to expect an amazing rainforest experience in a location which has a small number of tourists. 25. What do we know about the Zahamena National Park? A. It is hard to reach due to conservation rules. B. It has changeable weather all year round. C. It has a great difference in elevations. D. It is famous for its traditional villages. 26. What has caused several ecosystems in the park? A. The complete food chain of wildlife there. B. The wet weather condition there. C. The conservation efforts there. D. The special landform there. 27. What is the Zahamena National Park most probably named after? A. A cultural belief. B. A local tree species. C. The unique geography. D. The local village group. 28. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The tough condition of Zahamena. B. People’s high level of fitness. C. Its geographical location. D. The diversity of climates. 【答案】25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，全面介绍了马达加斯加扎哈梅纳国家公园的地理特征、生态环境、历史沿革及旅游特点。 【解析】 25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“And elevations inside the park range from 250 to 1,560 meters, which has resulted in a diversity of climates.”可知，公园内的海拔从250米到1560米不等，导致了气候的多样性，说明公园内海拔差异很大。C项“It has a great difference in elevations.”符合文意。A项“由于保护规定难以到达”未提及；B项“全年天气多变”是对气候多样性的曲解；D项“以传统村庄闻名”并非文章重点。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is its unique highland landform. The development of several ecosystems that all together exist within its area greatly depends on it.”可知，公园内多个生态系统的形成依赖于其独特的高地地貌。D项“The special landform there.”与此一致。A项“完整的食物链”、B项“潮湿的天气条件”和C项“保护努力”均未在文中作为生态系统形成的原因被强调。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Zahamena means ‘red trees’, which suggests a tree species scientifically called Diatum unifoliatum. It lives only in Zahamena...”可知，公园名称“Zahamena”意为“红树”，指一种仅存于该地的树木物种。因此，公园很可能以当地树种命名。B项“A local tree species.”正确。A项“文化信仰”、C项“独特地理”和D项“当地村庄群”均与名称来源无关。故选B。 【28题详解】 词义指代题。根据最后一段“So Zahamena is not an easy rainforest—this national park needs people with a high level of fitness and people with low requirements concerning accommodations. Everyone who is not discouraged by this...”可知，“this”指代前文描述的艰苦条件，即需要高体能水平和低住宿要求。A项“The tough condition of Zahamena.”准确概括了这一点。B项“人们的高体能水平”仅是条件之一，不全面；C项“地理位置”和D项“气候多样性”未直接关联。故选A。 Passage 20 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高二上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） In what they claim is a world first, researchers in Japan have developed chopsticks that artificially create the taste of salt, as part of efforts to reduce sodium (钠) levels in some of the country’s most popular dishes. The chopsticks work using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer worn on the eater’s wristband. The device transmits sodium ions from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, says Homei Miyashita, a professor at Meiji University in Tokyo, whose laboratory collaborated with the food and drink manufacturer Kirin to develop the device. The team plan to improve the first design and hope to make the chopsticks available to consumers next year. The chopsticks could find a receptive audience in Japan, where the traditional diet tends to be high in salt due to the use of components such as miso and soy sauce. The average Japanese adult consumes about 10 grams of salt a day, double the amount recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The health ministry has proposed reducing daily salt intake to a maximum of 7.5 grams for men and 6.5 grams for women. The chopsticks use “very weak electricity — not enough to affect the human body — to adjust the function of ions such as sodium chloride and sodium glutamate to change the perception of taste by making food seem to taste stronger or weaker”, Kirin said in a statement. Miyashita and Kirin said clinical tests on people who follow a low-sodium diet had confirmed that the device enhances the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times. High salt intake can contribute to high blood pressure, the leading cause of heart attacks and strokes. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try to avoid taking less salt in a conventional way, we would need to suffer the pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet, or suffer eating food with very little taste.” Miyashita’ s lab has also invented a lickable TV screen that imitates the flavours of various foods. 28. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A. How the chopsticks work. B. What the team plans to do. C. What the device is designed for. D. How a sense of saltiness is created. 29. What can be inferred from paragraph three? A. The chopsticks may be popular in Japan. B. The Japanese traditional diets are high in salt. C. The WHO advised an adult to take 2 0 grams of salt a day. D. A woman should eat at least 6.5 grams of salt every day. 30. What is a direct result of the chopsticks according to clinical tests? A. Food can have stronger or weaker flavours. B. Low-sodium food tastes saltier than it actually is. C. People are less likely to have heart attacks and strokes. D. We may not be able to eat our favourite food anymore. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Japan conducts clinical tests on low-sodium diets B. Japanese high-tech salty chopsticks gain popularity C. Japan invents electronic chopsticks making food taste salty D. Japanese researchers reduce sodium levels in popular dishes 【答案】28. A 290. A 30. B 31. C 【28题详解】 段落主旨题。第二段首句明确指出“The chopsticks work using...（这些筷子的工作原理是...）”，随后详细解释了其通过电刺激和微型计算机将钠离子从食物传输至口腔的过程。段落其余部分是关于未来计划的补充信息，并非核心内容。因此，本段主要旨在说明筷子工作的原理。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。第三段首句指出“The chopsticks could find a receptive audience in Japan（这些筷子在日本可能会找到乐于接受的受众）”，其后的原因解释（日本传统饮食含盐量高，且摄入量超标）都是为了支撑这一核心推断。B选项是文中明确给出的已知事实，无需推断；C、D选项与文中世界卫生组织的建议和日本卫生部的提案数据不符。因此，可以推断出的结论是这些筷子在日本可能有市场。故选A。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段开头的临床测试结果 “had confirmed that the device enhances the salty taste of low-sodium food by about 1.5 times（证实该设备能将低钠食物的咸味增强约1.5倍）” 可知，使用这种筷子能让低钠食物尝起来比它实际的味道更咸。B选项准确描述了这一直接结果。A选项是工作原理，C选项是长期可能带来的健康益处，D选项与文章意图相反，均非临床测试的直接结果。故选B。 【31题详解】 标题概括题。文章通篇围绕日本研究人员发明的这种能够通过电刺激让人尝到咸味的电子筷子展开，介绍了其原理、研发背景、测试效果及目的。C选项“Japan invents electronic chopsticks making food taste salty” 准确、全面地概括了这一核心事件。A选项未提及筷子这一核心发明；B选项中的“gain popularity（大受欢迎）”为时过早，文中仅表示其“可能找到受众”；D选项范围过宽，未突出“电子筷子”这一独特的高科技解决方案。故选C。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $