Unit 1 Science and Scientists重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 词性转换 1. infect vt. 使感染; 传染→______________ n. 感染; 传染→______________ adj. 传染的 2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购→______________ n. 订阅; 订购 3. pure adj. 干净的; 纯的→______________ n. 纯洁; 纯粹→______________ v. 净化; 使纯净 4. decrease n. &vt. &vi. 减少; 降低→(反)______________n. 增加, 提高  5. transform vt. & vi. (使)改观; 转变→______________ n. 改变; 转变 6. machine n. 机械; 机器→______________ adj. 机械的; 发动机的→______________ n. 机械师; 机械修理工 7. defend vt. 保卫; 防守→______________ n. 防御; 防守 8. assist v. 帮助→______________n. 助理; 助手→______________ n. 帮助; 援助  9. gift n. 礼物; 天赋v. 赋予→______________ adj. 有天赋的; 有天才的 10. initial adj. 最初的; 开始的→______________ adv. 最初; 首先 重点单词 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2． adj.数量多的；多种多样的 3． vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4． vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 5． n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6． n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7． n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8．transform vt. 9．thinking n． 10．finding n． 11．solid adj. 12．shadow n． 13．pour vt. 14． n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 15． adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16． adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 17． n．概念；观念 18． prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 19． adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20．fault n． 一、语法填空 1．The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter. 2．There are countries that make (intervention) to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. 3．The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade. 4．The president declared his determination for the first time in a speech to take strong action in (defend) of public safety. 5．Faced with two (contradict) statements, he was at a loss which one to trust. 6．He found that seeing movies is really (frustrate) because people on movie talk too fast. 7．According to official (statistic), the disease killed a great many people. 8．Foot and mouth disease is caused by a highly (infect) virus which animals either eat or inhale. 9．Danny began to push the wheeled chair slowly and (steady). 10．I still (vivid) remember the memory of my grandfather teaching me to play cards. 11．The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detect deception has not provided any credible (prove). 12．When someone is considering jumping a queue, the queuers will start looking sideways at him, through narrowed, （suspect）eyes. 13．She gained a (qualify) in marketing. 14．After spending some time looking at all the (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 15．The little girl is (extreme)eager to know the result of the exam. 16．He rushed out of the house (angry), slamming the door as he left. 17．It was the (arrive)of radio and television that started the decline of the newspaper circulation. 18．Our future prosperity depends on economic (grow). 19．Three thousand men will face (employment) if the factory closes down. 20．After the straw is thrown, it will take centuries to (appear). Yuan Longping, 21 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. He realized that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a 22 (short) of food to eat, so he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agriculture College. After graduation, Yuan devoted his life to 23 (find) ways to produce more rice. Through intense effort, he overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 24 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid rice enabled farmers 25 (expand) their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China consists of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Till now, not only China but many other countries 26 (help) by Yuan’s innovation. Though Yuan’s hybrids made him quite 27 (wealth), he cared little about money. Instead, he donated much money to support agriculture research. He didn’t lead 28 life of leisure. 29 his later years, Yuan Longping still remained young at heart and full of vision. His legacy (遗产) continues to inspire, 30 the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions. Giant solar and wind power facilities are being built in Northern China. The construction will promote the country’s low-carbon energy transition and ensure domestic energy 31 (secure) in the future. As 32 world’s largest power generation base of its kind in desert areas, the project also includes supporting advanced and 33 (efficiency) coal power set up to 4 million kw, as well as 4-6 million kw of energy storage. Once 34 (complete), the base will be able to transfer about 40 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region every year, and over half of it will be clean energy. It is expected 35 non-fossil fuels can account for 20 percent of total energy consumption by 2025 and 25 percent by 2030. The project will further help the country to achieve its 36 (sustain) energy ambitions. China promises 37 (speed) up the construction of solar and wind power generation facilities in the Gobi Desert and other dry 38 (region) to boost renewable power consumption, taking advantage 39 plentiful solar and wind resources there. The project 40 (help) to achieve carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, expand domestic demand and promote investment. 二、单词拼写 41．It was through (介入) that the virus finally stopped spreading. 42．The (机械的) problem with the car is quite complicated, and the repair is tricky. 43．The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite (证据) .   44．Everything the brain sees, hears, or touches has (多种多样的) interpretations. 45．He had to endure six months’ loss of (自由). 46．When the sun is low, the grand building casts its (影子) on the ground. 47．The police can’t charge the suspect for lack of (具体的) evidence. 48．The factory used 65 percent of the (原始的) materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 49．Although we are suffering such a (严重的) natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty. 50．Police (猜想，怀疑) there may be a link between the two murders. 51．To my confusion, the answers generated by this software are at times (相互矛盾). 52．At present, China is still on the (最初的，开始的) stage of socialism (社会主义). 53．The (病毒) was hard to control but our doctors had managed to defeat it. 54．We need (可靠的) information before making any decisions. 55．Her unhappy childhood (投射) a shadow on her marriage. 三、完成句子 56．故宫博物院是皇室（imperial）曾经居住的地方，现在是一个历史博物馆，收藏了珍贵的古董。（where 引导表语从句） The Palace Museum and it is now a historical museum with collections of valuable antiques. 57．I’m sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you as planned. The reason is then. 我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的会要参加。 58．根据司机的解释，不是他的粗心而是糟糕的道路状况应对这起事故负责。 According to the driver’s explanation, it was not his carelessness but the bad road conditions that for the accident. 59．一般来说，一个地方越暖和，生存的动植物种类通常也就越多。 The warmer a place is, , the more types of plants and animals it will support. 60．郁金香今年开花很早，因为冬天不太冷。 The tulips early this year because of the mild winter. 61．一旦你做出承诺，你就应该兑现它。 , you should carry it out. 62．如果你真的想好好休息一下的话，我很乐意负责这项工程。 I am willing to the project if you really want to have a good rest. 63．The flames from the experiment once the fuel is depleted. 实验中的火焰在燃料耗尽后逐渐熄灭。 64．There were two theories. Snow the second one. 那时有两种相互矛盾的理论。斯诺同意第二个理论。 65．He was charging his mobile phone when the fire . 他正在给手机充电，这时发生了火灾。 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 词性转换 1. infect vt. 使感染; 传染→infection n. 感染; 传染→infectious adj. 传染的 2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购→subscription n. 订阅; 订购 3. pure adj. 干净的; 纯的→purity n. 纯洁; 纯粹→purify v. 净化; 使纯净 4. decrease n. &vt. &vi. 减少; 降低→(反)increase n. 增加, 提高  5. transform vt. & vi. (使)改观; 转变→transformation n. 改变; 转变 6. machine n. 机械; 机器→mechanical adj. 机械的; 发动机的→mechanic n. 机械师; 机械修理工 7. defend vt. 保卫; 防守→defence n. 防御; 防守 8. assist v. 帮助→assistant n. 助理; 助手→assistance n. 帮助; 援助  9. gift n. 礼物; 天赋v. 赋予→gifted adj. 有天赋的; 有天才的 10. initial adj. 最初的; 开始的→initially adv. 最初; 首先 重点单词 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解 10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 11．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体 12．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处 13．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 14．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 15．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 17．concept n．概念；观念 18．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 19．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20．fault n．弱点；过错 一、语法填空 1．The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：店员靠着柜台，冷淡地接待了我。空后为谓语动词received，所以此处需用名词作主语，所给词“assist”为动词，意为“帮助”，其名词形式是assistant，意为“助手；店员”，shop assistant意为“店员”，结合句意用单数。故填assistant。 2．There are countries that make (intervention) to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. 【答案】interventions 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：有些国家会进行干预，以保持其母语的纯正性，从而捍卫自身的身份认同。分析句子可知，intervention为可数名词，结合语境中“countries（多个国家）”的表述，此处应使用复数形式interventions，表示“干预措施”，符合“多个国家采取多种干预措施” 的语义。故填interventions。 3．The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade. 【答案】transformation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式已经发生了彻底的变化。根据空前的“a complete”可知，空处需用名词单数形式，动词transform的名词形式transformation，作has undergone的宾语，表示“变化”。故填transformation。 4．The president declared his determination for the first time in a speech to take strong action in (defend) of public safety. 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：总统在演讲中首次宣布了他采取强硬措施来捍卫公共安全的决心。介词后用名词作宾语，in defence of“保卫；捍卫”固定短语，故填defence。 5．Faced with two (contradict) statements, he was at a loss which one to trust. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：面对两种相互矛盾的说法，他不知该相信哪一种。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词statements，contradict的形容词为contradictory意为“相互矛盾的”符合句意。故填contradictory。 6．He found that seeing movies is really (frustrate) because people on movie talk too fast. 【答案】frustrating 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他发现看电影真的很令人沮丧，因为电影中的人说话太快了。宾语从句主语seeing movies是物，用说明事物特征的形容词frustrating“让人沮丧的”作表语。故填frustrating。 7．According to official (statistic), the disease killed a great many people. 【答案】statistics 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据官方统计，这种疾病夺去了很多人的生命。名词statistic作“统计资料，统计数字”是可数名词，数量大于一，用其复数形式，作宾语。故填statistics。 8．Foot and mouth disease is caused by a highly (infect) virus which animals either eat or inhale. 【答案】infectious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：口蹄疫是由动物食用或吸入的一种传染性很强的病毒引起的。分析可知，所填应是形容词作定语，修饰名词“virus”。“infect”，动词，意为“传染，感染”，其形容词形式为“infectious(传染性的；易传染的)”，可用来修饰“病毒”，符合语境。故填infectious。 9．Danny began to push the wheeled chair slowly and (steady). 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：丹尼开始缓慢而稳定地推着轮椅。根据and可知，空处和前文的slowly并列，所以空处应填副词修饰前文的动词。故填steadily。 10．I still (vivid) remember the memory of my grandfather teaching me to play cards. 【答案】vividly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我仍然清楚地记得祖父教我打牌的情景。修饰动词remember应用副词。故填vividly。 11．The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detect deception has not provided any credible (prove). 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司可能非常乐观，但他们的机器检测欺骗的能力并没有提供任何可信的证据。形容词修饰名词，prove“证明”，名词形式proof，此处用作不可数名词，故填proof。 12．When someone is considering jumping a queue, the queuers will start looking sideways at him, through narrowed, （suspect）eyes. 【答案】suspicious 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 当有人考虑插队时, 排队的人就会开始眯起眼睛用怀疑的目光斜视他。此处应使用形容词修饰名词eyes作定语，名词作介词through的宾语，suspicious意为“怀疑的”，故填suspicious。 13．She gained a (qualify) in marketing. 【答案】qualification 【详解】考查名词。句意：她取得了市场营销方面的文凭。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词qualification，作动词gained的宾语。故填qualification。 14．After spending some time looking at all the (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 【答案】defensive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了墙上的所有防御装备后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比在历史上驰骋更好的呢！形容词defensive (防御的)作定语，修饰名词equipment。故填defensive。 15．The little girl is (extreme)eager to know the result of the exam. 【答案】extremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这个小女孩非常渴望知道考试的结果。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后形容词eager；extreme对应的副词为extremely“很，非常”。故填extremely。 16．He rushed out of the house (angry), slamming the door as he left. 【答案】angrily 【详解】考查副词。句意：他怒气冲冲地从房子里冲出来，随手把门砰地关上了。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词angrily“生气地”，作状语。故填angrily。 17．It was the (arrive)of radio and television that started the decline of the newspaper circulation. 【答案】arrival 【详解】考查名词。句意: 正是广播和电视节目的推行令报纸的发行开始走下坡路。前有冠词the修饰，此处应使用名词作主语（强调句强调主语部分），名词arrival意为“(新技术、新思想的)引进,采用,推行”，作此意时为不可数名词，故填arrival。 18．Our future prosperity depends on economic (grow). 【答案】growth 【详解】考查不可数名词。句意：我们未来的繁荣昌盛取决于经济的发展。此处应使用形容词修饰名词作介词on的宾语，grow的名词形式为growth，为不可数名词，故填growth。 19．Three thousand men will face (employment) if the factory closes down. 【答案】unemployment 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果工厂关闭，三千人将面临失业。由“if the factory closes down”可知，句子表示“如果工厂关闭，三千人将面临失业”，空格处意为“失业”，用名词作宾语，是unemployment，是不可数名词，故填unemployment。 20．After the straw is thrown, it will take centuries to (appear). 【答案】disappear 【详解】考查动词。句意：吸管被扔掉后，需要数百年才能消失。根据句意及常识可知，吸管需要数百年才能消失，应用动词disappear，空前to是不定式符号（it takes time to do），应用动词原形。故填disappear。 Yuan Longping, 21 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. He realized that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a 22 (short) of food to eat, so he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agriculture College. After graduation, Yuan devoted his life to 23 (find) ways to produce more rice. Through intense effort, he overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 24 could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid rice enabled farmers 25 (expand) their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China consists of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Till now, not only China but many other countries 26 (help) by Yuan’s innovation. Though Yuan’s hybrids made him quite 27 (wealth), he cared little about money. Instead, he donated much money to support agriculture research. He didn’t lead 28 life of leisure. 29 his later years, Yuan Longping still remained young at heart and full of vision. His legacy (遗产) continues to inspire, 30 the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions. 【答案】 21．known 22．shortage 23．finding 24．that 25．to expand 26．have been helped 27．wealthy 28．a 29．In/During 30．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平对农业的贡献。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。短语be known as表示“被称为”，此处过去分词作定语修饰Yuan Longping。故填known。 22．考查名词。句意：他意识到农民们常常收成不佳，有时甚至会面临食物短缺的问题，于是他决定学习农业知识，并在西南农业学院接受了教育。短语a shortage of表示“缺乏”。故填shortage。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：毕业后，袁先生便全身心投入到寻找增产水稻的方法中去。短语devote one’s life to doing sth.表示“全身心投入做某事”。故填finding。 24．考查定语从句。句意：经过不懈的努力，他克服了重重技术难题，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。定语从句修饰先行词hybrid rice，在从句作主语，指物，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导，故填that。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种杂交水稻使农民的产量大幅提高。此处为短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够做某事”。故填to expand。 26．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，不仅中国，许多其他国家也都从袁的创新中受益。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Till now可知为现在完成时的被动语态，not only…but (also)…句型遵循就近原则，谓语与many other countries保持一致，助动词用have。故填have been helped。 27．考查形容词。句意：尽管袁的杂交水稻使他变得非常富有，但他对金钱却并不怎么在意。作宾补，表示“富有的”用形容词wealthy。故填wealthy。 28．考查冠词。句意：他并非过着悠闲自在的生活。短语lead a life of表示“过着……的生活”。故填a。 29．考查介词。句意：在晚年的时候，袁隆平的心灵依然年轻，思想依然充满远见。表示“在……晚年时候”可用in或during，首字母大写。故填In/During。 30．考查连词。句意：他的功绩至今仍激励着人们，全世界也将永远铭记他那些开创性的贡献。结合前后文语境可知His legacy continues to inspire与the world will always remember his groundbreaking contributions.为并列关系，用连词and。故填and。 Giant solar and wind power facilities are being built in Northern China. The construction will promote the country’s low-carbon energy transition and ensure domestic energy 31 (secure) in the future. As 32 world’s largest power generation base of its kind in desert areas, the project also includes supporting advanced and 33 (efficiency) coal power set up to 4 million kw, as well as 4-6 million kw of energy storage. Once 34 (complete), the base will be able to transfer about 40 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region every year, and over half of it will be clean energy. It is expected 35 non-fossil fuels can account for 20 percent of total energy consumption by 2025 and 25 percent by 2030. The project will further help the country to achieve its 36 (sustain) energy ambitions. China promises 37 (speed) up the construction of solar and wind power generation facilities in the Gobi Desert and other dry 38 (region) to boost renewable power consumption, taking advantage 39 plentiful solar and wind resources there. The project 40 (help) to achieve carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, expand domestic demand and promote investment. 【答案】 31．security 32．the 33．efficient 34．completed 35．that 36．sustainable 37．to speed 38．regions 39．of 40．will help 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国北部建设巨型太阳能和风力发电设施的新项目, 及其对国内能源消耗和实现低碳环保的积极意义。 31．考查名词。句意：该建设将促进国家的低碳能源转型，并确保未来国内能源安全。设空处使用名词security作宾语；表示“安全”。故填security。 32．考查冠词。句意：作为世界上同类沙漠地区中最大的发电基地，该项目还包括建设400万千瓦的先进高效燃煤发电设施和400万至600万千瓦的储能设施。world’s largest power generation base是名词短语，且表示特指，即“世界上同类沙漠地区中最大的发电基地”，所以此处应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 33．考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词coal power。故填efficient。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦建成，该基地每年可向京津冀地区输送约400亿千瓦时的电力，其中一半以上为清洁能源。句中是once引导的状语从句，其中the base是逻辑主语，和“、complete之间是被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词completed表示被动和完成的动作，此处构成状语从句的省略结构。故填completed。 35．考查主语从句。句意：预计到2025年，非化石燃料将占能源消耗总量的20%，到2030年将占25%。设空处引导主语从句，其中It是形式主语，该从句结构和意义完整，所以此处应用连接词that引导该主语从句，其为真正的主语。故填that。 36．考查形容词。句意：该项目将进一步帮助国家实现其可持续能源目标。设空处应用形容词sustainable作定语，修饰名词ambitions。故填sustainable。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国承诺将加快戈壁沙漠和其他干旱地区太阳能和风能发电设施的建设，以促进可再生能源消费，利用当地丰富的太阳能和风能资源。promise to do sth为固定短语，以为“承诺去做某事”，使用不定式作宾语。故填to speed。 38．考查名词复数。句意：同上。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示复数意义；regions表示“地区”。故填regions。 39．考查介词。句意：同上。taking advantage of是固定短语，意为“利用”，所以此处应用介词of。故填of。 40．考查时态。句意：该项目将有助于在2060年前实现碳中和，扩大内需，促进投资。根据文中的by 2060可知，此处陈述的是将来的动作，所以应用一般将来时。故填will help。 二、单词拼写 41．It was through (介入) that the virus finally stopped spreading. 【答案】intervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：正是通过干预，病毒才最终停止了传播。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“介入”用intervention。故填intervention。 42．The (机械的) problem with the car is quite complicated, and the repair is tricky. 【答案】mechanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这辆汽车的机械问题相当复杂，修理起来很棘手。根据汉语提示“机械的”可知，此处为形容词mechanical，作定语，修饰名词problem。故填mechanical。 43．The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite (证据) .   【答案】proof/evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，这个案子被驳回了。根据句意和汉语提示应填proof或者evidence，表示“证据”不可数名词。故填proof/evidence。 44．Everything the brain sees, hears, or touches has (多种多样的) interpretations. 【答案】multiple 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大脑看到的、听到的或触摸到的一切都有多种多样的解释。此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“多种多样的”应为multiple修饰名词interpretations。故填multiple。 45．He had to endure six months’ loss of (自由). 【答案】liberty 【详解】考查名词。句意：他不得不忍受六个月失去自由。根据汉语提示“自由”可知，应填名词freedom，表示“自由”，作loss of的宾语。故填freedom。 46．When the sun is low, the grand building casts its (影子) on the ground. 【答案】shadow 【详解】考查名词。句意：太阳落山时，宏伟的建筑把影子投在地上。“影子”是shadow，由the grand building可知，空格处用单数，故填shadow。 47．The police can’t charge the suspect for lack of (具体的) evidence. 【答案】concrete 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于缺乏确凿的证据，警方不能起诉嫌疑犯。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词evidence，“具体的”的形容词是concrete，故填concrete。 48．The factory used 65 percent of the (原始的) materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 【答案】raw 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的都留作他用。根据空后名词materials及所给汉语提示可知，设空处是形容词raw“原始的，未加工的”，作定语，修饰名词materials。故填raw。 49．Although we are suffering such a (严重的) natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty. 【答案】 severe 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然我们遭受了如此严重的自然灾害，但我们最终会克服暂时的困难。设空处修饰名词disaster作定语，根据汉语意思和句意可知是severe，故填 severe。 50．Police (猜想，怀疑) there may be a link between the two murders. 【答案】suspect 【详解】考查动词。句意：警方怀疑这两起谋杀案之间可能有联系。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少谓语动词。动词“猜想，怀疑”英文为suspect。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。police是集体名词，表示警察这个群体，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，所以suspect用原形。故填suspect。 51．To my confusion, the answers generated by this software are at times (相互矛盾). 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：令我困惑的是，这个软件产生的答案有时是矛盾的。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词contradictory，作表语。故填contradictory。 52．At present, China is still on the (最初的，开始的) stage of socialism (社会主义). 【答案】initial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当前，中国仍处于社会主义初级阶段。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据所给中文提示词，应是initial意为“最初的，开始的”。故填initial。 53．The (病毒) was hard to control but our doctors had managed to defeat it. 【答案】virus 【详解】考查名词。句意：这种病毒很难控制，但我们的医生已经设法把它战胜了。根据“The”及“was”可知，空处需填名词单数形式作主语，virus作名词，表示“病毒”，符合句意。故填virus。 54．We need (可靠的) information before making any decisions. 【答案】solid/reliable/sound/dependable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在做任何决定之前，我们需要可靠的信息。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词solid /reliable/sound/dependable，作定语修饰名词information 。故填solid /reliable/sound/dependable。 55．Her unhappy childhood (投射) a shadow on her marriage. 【答案】cast 【详解】考查动词。句意：她不幸的童年给她的婚姻蒙上了阴影。根据汉语提示和空后的a shadow on her marriage可知，这里表示给她的婚姻蒙上了阴影，应用及物动词cast。cast a shdow on意为“给……蒙上阴影”。根据句意，这里应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。cast的过去式为cast。故填cast。 三、完成句子 56．故宫博物院是皇室（imperial）曾经居住的地方，现在是一个历史博物馆，收藏了珍贵的古董。（where 引导表语从句） The Palace Museum and it is now a historical museum with collections of valuable antiques. 【答案】is where the imperial families used to live 【详解】考查表语从句。此处表示“是皇室曾经居住的地方”，为be动词后跟表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，故用where，陈述事实用一般现在时；从句主语“皇室”为the imperial families；表示“曾经做某事”短语为used to do sth.；表示“居住”用动词live。故填is where the imperial families used to live。 57．I’m sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you as planned. The reason is then. 我很抱歉我不能和你一起按计划去书店了。原因是我那时有一个重要的会要参加。 【答案】that I have an important meeting to attend 【详解】考查表语从句及固定表达。“The reason is that...”为固定结构，that引导表语从句，阐述具体原因，“有一个重要的会要参加”用“have an important meeting to attend”表达，此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，故填that I have an important meeting to attend。 58．根据司机的解释，不是他的粗心而是糟糕的道路状况应对这起事故负责。 According to the driver’s explanation, it was not his carelessness but the bad road conditions that for the accident. 【答案】were to blame 【详解】考查短语和时态。短语 “be to blame” 意为“应受责备”，使用主动语态表示被动含义。陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语为conditions，be动词用were。故填were to blame。 59．一般来说，一个地方越暖和，生存的动植物种类通常也就越多。 The warmer a place is, , the more types of plants and animals it will support. 【答案】generally speaking/in general 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“一般来说”，可用固定短语generally speaking或者in general。故填generally speaking/in general。 60．郁金香今年开花很早，因为冬天不太冷。 The tulips early this year because of the mild winter. 【答案】came out 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“开花”，可用动词短语come out，在句中作谓语。根据“early this year”可知，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。故填came out。 61．一旦你做出承诺，你就应该兑现它。 , you should carry it out. 【答案】Once you have made a promise 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和动词语态。表示“一旦”用once，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“你”用you，作从句的主语。表示“做出承诺”用固定短语make a promise，做出承诺发生在兑现之前，从句时态用现在完成时，且主语为you，助动词用have。故填Once you have made a promise。 62．如果你真的想好好休息一下的话，我很乐意负责这项工程。 I am willing to the project if you really want to have a good rest. 【答案】take charge of 【详解】考查固定短语、不定式。空出表示“负责”可以，用固定短语take charge of。位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故填：take charge of。 63．The flames from the experiment once the fuel is depleted. 实验中的火焰在燃料耗尽后逐渐熄灭。 【答案】die down 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“逐渐熄灭”应用动词短语die down，结合“is depleted”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用动词原形。故填die down。 64．There were two theories. Snow the second one. 那时有两种相互矛盾的理论。斯诺同意第二个理论。 【答案】 contradictory subscribed to 【详解】考查形容词和动词短语。表示“矛盾的”为形容词contradictory，作定语修饰名词theories。句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，表示“同意”用动词短语subscribe to，动词用过去式。故填①contradictory；②subscribed；③to。 65．He was charging his mobile phone when the fire . 他正在给手机充电，这时发生了火灾。 【答案】broke out 【详解】考查动词时态。when为连词，意为 “当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句使用一般过去时，主句使用过去进行时，从句主语为 the fire，谓语是“爆发”break out，break的过去式为broke。故答案为：broke out。 $