摘要:
该初中英语八年级上册Unit 1知识清单系统梳理了单元核心内容,涵盖重点单词、短语、句型及语法四大范畴,以词性分类(名词、动词等)、功能句型(感叹句、不定式等)、语法模块(复合不定代词、一般过去时)为支架,搭建从基础积累到综合运用的递进式学习架构。
清单通过词性分类、语境例句、语法规则细分构建知识体系,如单词标注“strange(adj.)→stranger(n.)”的词性转换,“forget(forgot)”的不规则变化提示,培养学生语言能力与学习能力。短语配“look for(寻找)+例句”,句型归纳“what+a/an+adj.+n.!”结构及功能,助力不同学生高效掌握,教师可直接用于备课,提升教学针对性。
内容正文:
八年级英语上册
unit 1核心知识点
【重点单词】
1、名词
landscape(风景;景色)
the landscape of the mountains is breathtaking.(群山的景色令人惊叹。)
silk(丝绸;(蚕)丝)
she bought a dress made of silk.(她买了一条丝绸做的裙子。)
sky(天;天空)
there are many stars in the sky tonight.(今晚天空中有很多星星。)
peace(和平;太平)
we all hope for world peace.(我们都渴望世界和平。)
palace(王宫;宫殿)
the king lived in a grand palace.(国王住在一座宏伟的王宫里。)
countryside(乡村;农村)
i spent my summer holiday in the countryside.(我在乡村度过了暑假。)
vacation(假期;度假)
we are planning a vacation to the beach.(我们正计划去海滩度假。)
scarf(围巾;披巾)
she wrapped a red scarf around her neck.(她在脖子上围了一条红色围巾。)
rainbow(虹;彩虹)
a beautiful rainbow appeared after the rain.(雨后出现了一道美丽的彩虹。)
noon(正午;中午)
we usually have lunch at noon.(我们通常在正午吃午饭。)
tower(塔;塔楼)
the ancient tower stands on the hill.(那座古塔矗立在小山上。)
town(镇;商业区)
there are many shops in the center of the town.(小镇中心有很多商店。)
hotel(旅馆;旅社)
we booked a room in a five-star hotel.(我们在一家五星级旅馆订了房间。)
victory(胜利;成功)
the team worked hard and finally achieved victory.(这支队伍努力拼搏,最终获得了胜利。)
station(车站;所;局)
he waited for his friend at the train station.(他在火车站等朋友。)
breath(呼吸的空气;一口气)
take a deep breath and relax.(深吸一口气,放松一下。)
passport(护照;途径;手段)
you need a passport to travel abroad.(出国旅行需要护照。);reading is a passport to knowledge.(阅读是获取知识的途径。)
2、动词
remind(提醒;使想起)
this song reminds me of my childhood.(这首歌让我想起了我的童年。)
forget (forgot)(忘记;遗忘)
i forgot to bring my umbrella this morning.(今天早上我忘了带伞。)
might(可能;可以)
it might rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella.(下午可能会下雨,带上伞吧。)
3、形容词
ancient(古代的;古老的)
there are many ancient buildings in this city.(这座城市有很多古老的建筑。)
bored(厌倦的;烦闷的)
i feel bored when i have nothing to do.(当我无事可做时,我会感到无聊。)
surprised(惊奇的;惊讶的)
she was surprised to hear the good news.(听到这个好消息,她很惊讶。)
strange(奇怪的;陌生的)
he saw a strange man standing at the door.(他看到一个陌生男人站在门口。)
sick(恶心的;生病的)
i felt sick after eating too much.(我吃太多后感到恶心。);she has been sick for a week.(她已经生病一周了。)
fantastic(极好的;吸引人的)
we had a fantastic time at the party last night.(昨晚我们在聚会上玩得很开心。)
forgetful(健忘的;好忘事的)
my grandfather is getting more forgetful as he gets older.(随着年龄增长,我爷爷变得更健忘。)
comfortable(使人舒服的;舒适的;富裕的;宽裕的)
the sofa in the living room is very comfortable.(客厅里的沙发很舒服。)
4、副词
especially(尤其;特别)
i love all fruits, especially apples.(我喜欢所有的水果,尤其是苹果。)
easily(容易地;轻易地)
she can easily solve this math problem.(她能轻松地解决这道数学题。)
probably(很可能;大概)
he will probably come back home before 7 o'clock.(他很可能在 7 点前回家。)
5、代词
myself(我自己)
i made this model plane by myself.(我自己做了这个飞机模型。)
nothing(没有任何东西;没有事)
there is nothing interesting on tv tonight.(今晚电视上没有什么有趣的节目。)
6、介词
towards (=toward)(向;朝)
she walked towards the park with her dog.(她带着狗朝公园走去。)
during(在…… 期间)
i usually read books during my free time.(我通常在空闲时间看书。)
against(反对;与…… 相反;紧靠)
most people are against this new plan.(大多数人反对这个新计划。)
the old wooden ladder is leaning against the white wall.(那把旧木梯靠在白色的墙上。)
7、兼类词
camp(n. 度假营;营地;v. 露营;宿营)
we stayed at a summer camp last month.(上个月我们住在一个夏令营。)
ready(adj. 准备好的;现成的;adv. 已做完;已完成)
are you ready for the exam?(你准备好考试了吗?)
anywhere(adv. & pron. 在任何地方;随便哪个地方)
you can go anywhere you like during the holiday.(假期里你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。);
somewhere(adv. 在某处;到某处;pron. 某处;某个地方)
let's go somewhere for a walk.(我们去某个地方散步吧。)
square(n. 广场;正方形;adj. 正方形的;平方的)
there is a big square in the center of the city.(城市中心有一个大广场。)
fight(n. 战斗;搏斗;斗争;v. (fought)打仗;打架)
they fought against the enemy bravely.(他们勇敢地与敌人作战。)
guide(n. 导游;指南;手册;v. 给某人领路;指导)
the guide showed us around the museum.(导游带我们参观了博物馆。)
budget(n. 预算;v. 为…… 预算;精打细算;adj. 价格低廉的)
this is a budget hotel.(这是一家经济型酒店。)
8、词性转换
strange(adj. 奇怪的;陌生的)→ stranger(n. 陌生人)
a stranger asked me for directions yesterday.(昨天一个陌生人向我问路。)
breath(n. 呼吸的空气;一口气)→ breathe(v. 呼吸)
we need to breathe fresh air every day.(我们每天都需要呼吸新鲜空气。)
especial(adj. 格外的;特别的;特殊的)→ especially(adv. 尤其;特别)
this part of the book is especially important.(这本书的这部分尤其重要。)
scarf(n. 围巾;披巾)→ scarfs/scarves(n. 复数 围巾;披巾)
she has many beautiful scarfs/scarves.(她有很多漂亮的围巾。)
bore(v. 使厌烦)→ bored(adj. 厌倦的;烦闷的;无聊的)
i felt bored when i watched that movie.(我看那部电影时感到很无聊。)
→ boring(adj. 令人厌烦的;无聊的)
that is a boring lecture.(那是一场无聊的讲座。)
russia(n. 俄罗斯)→ russian(adj. 俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人的;n. 俄罗斯人;俄语)
he can speak russian.(他会说俄语。)
many russians like drinking vodka.(很多俄罗斯人喜欢喝伏特加。)
peace(n. 和平;太平;宁静;安静)→ peaceful(adj. 和平的;平静的)
we live in a peaceful world.(我们生活在一个和平的世界里。)
→ peacefully(adv. 和平地;平静地)
the river flows peacefully through the village.(河流平静地流过村庄。)
easy(adj. 容易的)→ easily(adv. 容易地;轻易地)
you can easily solve this problem.(你能轻易地解决这个问题。)
forget(v. 忘记;遗忘)→ forgetful(adj. 健忘的;好忘事的)
my grandma is forgetful and often loses her keys.(我奶奶很健忘,经常丢钥匙。)
surprise(n. 惊奇;惊讶;意外;v. 使惊奇;使感到意外)→ surprised(adj. 惊奇的;惊讶的)
she was surprised at the good news.(她对这个好消息感到惊讶。)
→ surprising(adj. 令人吃惊的;使人惊奇的)
it is a surprising result.(这是一个令人吃惊的结果。)
probable(adj. 很可能发生的;大概的)→ probably(adv. 很可能;大概)
it will probably rain tomorrow.(明天很可能会下雨。)
【重点短语】
look for(寻找)
i am looking for my lost notebook.(我正在找我丢失的笔记本。)
turn around(转身;翻转)
he turned around and saw his old friend.(他转过身,看到了他的老朋友。)
steamed chicken soup(汽锅鸡)
my mother cooked delicious steamed chicken soup for dinner.(妈妈晚餐做了美味的汽锅鸡。)
nothing but(只有;只是)
there is nothing but a desk in this small room.(这个小房间里只有一张桌子。)
thousands of(数以千计的;成千上万的)
thousands of people attended the concert last night.(昨晚有成千上万的人参加了音乐会。)
in the sun(在阳光下)
don't read in the sun; it's bad for your eyes.(不要在阳光下看书,对眼睛不好。)
get together(聚会;相聚)
our family usually gets together on weekends.(我们家通常在周末相聚。)
take sb.'s breath away(令人惊叹;让人叹绝)
the beautiful view of the sea took my breath away.(美丽的海景让我惊叹不已。)
ready to do sth.(马上要(做某事);愿意做(某事))
she is ready to help others at any time.(她随时愿意帮助别人。)
fight against sb./sth.(与…… 作战;与…… 斗争)
we should fight against pollution to protect our environment.(我们应该与污染作斗争,保护我们的环境。)
take music lessons(上音乐课)
she takes music lessons every saturday afternoon.(她每周六下午上音乐课。)
ancient buildings(古建筑)
this city is famous for its ancient buildings.(这座城市以其古建筑而闻名。)
summer camp(夏令营)
many children go to summer camp during the summer vacation.(很多孩子在暑假去参加夏令营。)
go on holiday/vacation(去度假)
they will go on holiday to hawaii next month.(下个月他们要去夏威夷度假。)
anything interesting(任何有趣的事情)
did you see anything interesting during your trip?(你在旅行中看到什么有趣的事情了吗?)
the great wall(长城)
the great wall is one of the most famous places of interest in china.(长城是中国最著名的名胜古迹之一。)
sound great(听起来很棒)
your plan to go hiking this weekend sounds great.(你这个周末去徒步旅行的计划听起来很棒。)
have a wonderful experience(有一次愉快的经历)
traveling to japan was a wonderful experience for me.(去日本旅行对我来说是一次愉快的经历。)
a silk scarf(一条丝巾)
she received a silk scarf as a birthday gift.(她收到了一条丝巾作为生日礼物。)
rain heavily(雨下得很大)
it rained heavily last night, so the roads are wet today.(昨晚雨下得很大,所以今天路面很湿。)
get up(站起;起来;起身)
i usually get up at 6 o'clock in the morning.(我通常早上 6 点起床。)
double rainbow(双彩虹)
we were lucky to see a double rainbow after the storm.(暴风雨后我们很幸运地看到了双彩虹。)
walk through the halls(穿过大厅):
she walked through the halls of the school to her classroom.(她穿过学校的大厅走向她的教室。)
at noon(在正午;在中午):the temperature is the highest at noon in summer.(夏天正午的气温最高。)
have lunch(吃午餐)
we usually have lunch in the school cafeteria.(我们通常在学校食堂吃午餐。)
feel sick(感觉不舒服)
i ate too much and now i feel sick.(我吃太多了,现在感觉不舒服。)
get a good night's sleep(睡个好觉)
getting a good night's sleep is important for our health.(睡个好觉对我们的健康很重要。)
last night(昨天晚上)
i watched a very interesting movie last night.(昨晚我看了一部非常有趣的电影。)
travel around(四处游玩)
they plan to travel around europe next year.(他们计划明年去欧洲四处游玩。)
a group of(一群;一组)
a group of students are playing basketball on the playground.(一群学生在操场上打篮球。)
in different ways(以不同的方式)
people can learn english in different ways.(人们可以用不同的方式学习英语。)
have a meal(吃饭)
we usually have a meal together as a family in the evening.(晚上我们通常一家人一起吃饭。)
play sport(做体育运动)
it's good for us to play sport every day.(每天做体育运动对我们有好处。)
have fun(玩得高兴;过得愉快)
we had fun at the amusement park yesterday.(昨天我们在游乐园玩得很高兴。)
go back to(回到)
he will go back to his hometown next week.(他下周要回到他的家乡。)
for example(比如,例如)
there are many fruits in the supermarket, for example, apples, bananas and oranges.(超市里有很多水果,比如苹果、香蕉和橙子。)
enjoy the beautiful scenery(欣赏美丽的风景)
we stopped to enjoy the beautiful scenery on the mountain.(我们停下来欣赏山上美丽的风景。)
【重点句型】
what + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!(what 引导的感叹句):多么…… 的…… 啊!
what a wonderful experience i had!(我拥有了一次多么美妙的经历啊!)
what a beautiful flower it is!(这是一朵多么美丽的花啊!)
主语 + 谓语 + 其他 + to do sth.(动词不定式(短语)作目的状语):…… 去做某事
i just stayed at home to read, play games, and relax, but it was still fun.(我就是待在家里读书、玩游戏并休息,但仍然很有趣。)
she went to the library to borrow some books.(她去图书馆借一些书。)
主语 + be ready to do sth.:某人准备好做某事;某人愿意做某事
like everyone else, i was ready to go on a holiday somewhere.(像其他所有人一样,我准备好去某个地方度假。)
he is always ready to help his classmates.(他总是愿意帮助他的同学。)
what/how about...?:…… 怎么样?…… 呢?
what about going to the cinema this evening?(今晚去看电影怎么样?)
how about your weekend? did you have a good time?(你的周末过得怎么样?玩得开心吗?)
主语 + decide to do sth.:某人决定做某事
she decided to study abroad next year.(她决定明年出国留学。)
we decided to have a picnic in the park.(我们决定去公园野餐。)
主语 + remind sb. to do sth.:某人提醒某人做某事
my mother always reminds me to finish my homework on time.(妈妈总是提醒我按时完成作业。)
he reminded his friend to take the umbrella.(他提醒他的朋友带伞。)
主语 + remind sb. + (that) 从句:某人提醒某人……
she reminded me that i had a meeting this afternoon.(她提醒我今天下午有个会议。)
he reminded his sister that tomorrow is their mother's birthday.(他提醒他妹妹明天是他们妈妈的生日。)
主语 + feel like doing sth.:某人想要做某事
i feel like eating ice cream on this hot day.(在这么热的天,我想吃冰淇淋。)
do you feel like going for a walk?(你想去散步吗?)
such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数:如此…… 的一个……
she is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.(她是一个如此善良的女孩,每个人都喜欢她。)
this is such an interesting book that i can't put it down.(这是一本如此有趣的书,我爱不释手。)
主语 + make sb. do sth.:某人让某人做某事
the funny story made us laugh.(这个有趣的故事让我们笑了。)
his parents make him practice the piano every day.(他的父母让他每天练习钢琴。)
主语 + seem (+ to be) + 形容词 / 名词:某人 / 某物好像 / 看起来……
he seems (to be) very happy today.(他今天看起来好像很开心。)
this problem seems (to be) difficult.(这个问题看起来好像很难。)
主语 + feel excited to do sth.:某人对做某事感到兴奋
i feel excited to travel to beijing.(去北京旅行,我感到很兴奋。
she feels excited to meet her favorite star.(见到她最喜欢的明星,她感到很兴奋。)
主语 + be surprised to do sth.:某人对做某事感到惊讶
i was surprised to hear that he won the competition.(听到他赢得比赛的消息,我很惊讶。)
they were surprised to see the big change in their hometown.(看到家乡的巨大变化,他们很惊讶。)
主语 + hope to do sth.:某人希望做某事
i hope to visit the great wall one day.(我希望有一天能参观长城。)
she hopes to become a doctor in the future.(她希望将来成为一名医生。)
主语 + hope + that 从句:某人希望……
i hope that i can pass the exam.(我希望我能通过考试。)
he hopes that his family will be healthy and happy.(他希望他的家人健康快乐。)
【重点语法】
1、复合不定代词
由 some、any、no、every 加上 -body、-one、-thing 构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。如 somebody(某人;有人)、anyone(任何人)、nothing(没有什么)、everyone(每人;人人;所有人)等。
(1)分类:
some - 类:somebody(某人;有人)、someone(某人;有人)、something(某事;某物)
any - 类:anybody(任何人)、anyone(任何人)、anything(任何东西;任何事物)
no - 类:nobody(没有人)、no one(没有人)、nothing(没有什么)
every - 类:everybody(每人;人人;所有人)、everyone(每人;人人;所有人)、everything(每件事;所有事物;一切)
(2)用法:
复合不定代词相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语。
everyone here likes playing football.(这里的每个人都喜欢踢足球。)(作主语)
i want to tell you something important.(我想告诉你一些重要的事情。)(作宾语)
there is someone waiting for you at the gate.(门口有人在等你。)(作表语)
复合不定代词被定语(形容词、不定式、else 等)修饰时,定语应置于其后。
do you have anything interesting to share with us?(你有什么有趣的事情要和我们分享吗?)
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
something is wrong with my computer.(我的电脑出问题了。)
含有 some 的复合不定代词多用于肯定句中,也可用于表示邀请、请求或建议的疑问句中,表示说话者希望得到肯定答复。含有 any 的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中,意为 “任何人 / 事物”;也可用于肯定句中,意为 “随便什么人 / 事物”
would you like something to eat?(你想吃点东西吗?)(表邀请,用 some - 类)
he doesn't have anything to do now.(他现在没什么事可做。)(否定句,用 any - 类)
anyone can join this club.(任何人都可以加入这个俱乐部。)(肯定句,表 “随便什么人”)
2、一般过去时
(1)动词变过去式的规则:
规则动词的过去式:
一般的动词:词尾直接加 -ed。
he worked in a factory last year.(他去年在一家工厂工作。)
以字母 e 结尾的动词:词尾只加 -d。
they arrived in beijing yesterday.(他们昨天到达北京。)
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词:变 y 为 i,再加 -ed。
she studied hard for the exam.(她为考试努力学习。)
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ed。
we shopped in the supermarket last weekend.(上周末我们在超市购物。)
(2)不规则动词的过去式:
过去式和原形一样,如 cut-cut、read-read、put-put。
he cut the cake into pieces.(他把蛋糕切成了小块。)
中间元音变化,如 swim-swam、begin-began、sit-sat、ride-rode、drive-drove、write-wrote、grow-grew、throw-threw、draw-drew。
i swam in the pool yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我在游泳池里游泳。)
过去式以 -ought 或 -aught 结尾,如 bring-brought、teach-taught、catch-caught。
she brought a gift for me.(她给我带来了一份礼物。)
结尾的 d 变为 t,如 build-built、spend-spent、send-sent。
they built a new house last year.(他们去年建了一座新房子。)
含有双写字母的动词,常将双写改为单写,在词尾加 -t,如 feel-felt、keep-kept、smell-smelt。
i felt cold this morning.(今天早上我感觉冷。)
(3)一般过去时的句式结构:
肯定句:
含 be 动词:主语 + was/were + 其他。
i was in beijing last month.(我上个月在北京。)
含行为动词:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。
i went to shanghai last friday.(我上周五去了上海。)
否定句:
含 be 动词:主语 + was/were + not + 其他。
i wasn't in beijing last month.(我上个月不在北京。)
含行为动词:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。
i didn't go to shanghai last friday.(我上周五没去上海。)
一般疑问句及回答:
含 be 动词:was/were + 主语 + 其他?肯定回答:yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答:no, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
—were you in beijing last month?(你上个月在北京吗?)
—yes, i was./no, i wasn't.(是的,我在。/ 不,我不在。)
含行为动词:did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:no, 主语 + didn't.
—did you go to shanghai last friday?(你上周五去上海了吗?)
—yes, i did./no, i didn't.(是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。)
0
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$