专题11 特殊句式（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，江苏专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题11 特殊句式 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 祈使句+感叹句 1 祈使句 祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never。如: Don’t swim in the river.别在河里游泳。祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下3种类型: (1)行为动词原形+其他成分 In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。 (2)Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) Be careful to avoid being subjective and one-sided. 切忌主观片面。 (3) Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那里。 2 感叹句 感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导的,其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句,常见的有: (1)What感叹句 What作定语,修饰名词,其感叹句句型结构: ①What +a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:What a big apple this is! 多么大的苹果！ ②What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事！ ③What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What honest children they are! 他们是多么诚实的孩子！ (2)How感叹句 How作状语,修饰形容词、副词和动词,其感叹句句型结构: ①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如: How beautiful the city is! 这个城市多么漂亮！ ②How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如: How interesting a story it is! ③How+主语+谓语!如: How time flies! 时间飞逝！ 考点二 倒装句 1.全部倒装 (1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。 (2)such作表语置于句首时。 (3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 (4)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。 (5)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。 2.部分倒装 (1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。 (2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。 (3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。 (4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。 (5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。 (6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。 (7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。 (8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。 (9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。 考点三 强调句 1. 对谓语动词的强调 使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。 2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。 强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。 【温馨提升】 (1)强调句型中的主谓一致。在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 (2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。 (3)强调句型的疑问句 在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。 (4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。 考点四 省略句 1.状语从句中的省略 由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。 2.不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。 3.并列句中的省略 并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。 4.常考的几个省略形式 if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。 【温馨提示】 1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。 在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。 考点一：祈使句/感叹句 例1. ________ down the TV—Granny is sleeping in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 【答案】D 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：把电视关小点——奶奶在隔壁睡觉。turn down 调小、关小。根据语境可知空格所在的句子是一个表示命令的句子，即祈使句，省略潜在的第二人称主语you，故空格处填动词原形。故选D。 例2. —________ great surprise to see you here, Daniel! —Yeah. We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 【答案】A 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：丹尼尔，在这儿见到你真是个大惊喜！是啊，我们好久没见面了。“surprise”在句中为可数名词，意为惊喜的事。感叹句的结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。此句中心词是可数名词单数“surprise”，所以用“What a”来引导感叹句。故选A项。 1. For more information about Cambridge, ________ our website at www. cambridge. org. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】A 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：想知道剑桥的更多信息，请访问我们的网站www. cambridge.分析句子结构可知，横线处为句子的谓语动词，即句子为祈使句。祈使句中动词一般用原形。故选A。 2. The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. ________ exciting news it is! A. What B. How C. How an D. What an 【答案】A 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：兰州的地铁对公众开放。多么令人兴奋的消息啊！此处考查感叹句句式，news意为“消息”，为不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导，且不需要冠词。故选A。 3. ________ lucky they are, I thought, to have each other. A. What a B. What C. How 【答案】C 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：我在想，他们是多么幸运拥有彼此，根据lucky they are可知，此处的中心词是lucky，为形容词，再根据“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”构成感叹句的用法可知，这里应该用How。故选C。 4. ________ important it is for teenagers to be creative! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 【答案】A 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：对青少年来说，创新是多么的重要!分析句子结构可知，此处考查感叹句，其主要结构为：What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！或How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)！。再结合本句空后形容词important 可知，因为中心词是形容词，所以空处需用how引导感叹句。故选A。 考点二：倒装 例1. Out ________, with a stick in his hand. A. did the man rush B. rushed the man C. the man rushed D. the man did rush 【答案】B 【详解】考查全部倒装。句意：那个人手里拿着一根棍子冲出去了。副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，所以应为Out rushed the man。故选B项。 例2. In our campus ________, which was built many years ago. A. a building stands B. a building lies C. stands a building D. lies a building 【答案】C 【详解】考查全部倒装、时态和主谓一致。句意：在我们的校园里矗立着一座大楼，它是多年前建造的。动词stand (矗立、直立)符合句意，动词lie (位于)，作地点状语的介词短语In our campus放句首，主谓全部倒装，本句讲述现在的一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a building单数，谓语动词stand单数形式。故选C项。 例3. ________ you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Even though B. If only C. Only when D. Only if 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：只有你吃正确的食物，你才能保持健康。A.even though即使，纵然；B.if only只要；要是……就好了；C.only when只有当，除非；D.only if只要……就，只有，只有当……。当only if放在句首时，应该用倒装句型。句中使用了部分倒装“will you”。故选D项。 1. Only after he had spoken out the word ________ he had made a big mistake. A. she realized B. had she realized C. she had realized D. did she realize 【答案】D 【详解】考查倒装。句意：只有在他说出那个字之后，她才意识到他犯了一个大错误。Only+状语置于句首，主句要用部分倒装，且此处为一般过去时，应用助动词did。故选D。 2. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns. A. lies B. lie C. lying D. lay 【答案】B 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：山脚下有许多湖泊。有些大到足以容纳几个城镇。根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，为一般现在时；空格所在句为全倒装句型，主语many lakes为名词复数，主谓一致，谓语动词用原形。故选B项。 3. Twenty years ago, hardly ________ that they could pay for things with their smartphones. A. people realized B. realized people C. did people realize D. people did realize 【答案】C 【详解】考查部分倒装句。句意：20年前，人们几乎没有意识到他们买东西可以用智能手机支付。否定副词hardly“几乎不”，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，语序：hardly+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语+其它。此句主语是they，时态是一般过去时。故选C项。 【点睛】否定副词hardly“几乎不”，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，语序：hardly+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语+其它。如： Hardly can I speak English. Hardly did I believe what you said. 但hardly any修饰主语时不到装，如： Hardly any people like him. Hardly any sound could we hear. 4. ________ with heavy loads of teaching ________ he later became an easy target of the flu. A. So tired was the teacher；that B. The teacher was so tired；which C. Tired as the teacher；that D. Such was the tired teacher；which 【答案】A 【详解】考查so…that句型与倒装。句意：教学任务不堪重负，这位老师很快就成了流感的目标。在so…that句型中，当so+形容词位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，故A项正确。 【点睛】本题的难度较大，注意在so…that句型中，当so+形容词位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，正常语序应该是：The teacher was so tired with heavy loads of teaching that he later became an easy target of the flu. 5. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them. A. did I realize B. I realized C. had I realized D. I had realized 【答案】A 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我是多么爱他们。only+状语位于句首句子采用部分倒装，根据后文loved可知应用一般过去时态，故应将助动词did提前，动词还原。故选A。 考点三：强调句 例1. Was it in the house ________ you were born and brought up? A. where B. which C. when D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：你是在这所房子里出生和长大的吗？句子结构分析可知此句为强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who +其他部分”的一般疑问句，句中对地点状语“in the house”进行强调，用that。故选D。 例2. I ________ you can finish the exam in two hours. A. does believe B. do believe C. did believed D. do believed 【答案】B 【详解】考查强调结构。句意：我真地相信你能在两小时内完成考试。believe是动词，表示“相信”，在句中作谓语，对谓语动词表示强调，应用“do/does/did+动词原形”，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是I，助动词应用do。故选B项。 例3. It was in the factory ________ his friend worked ________ he picked up a lot of experience. A. where; where B. that; where C. that; that D. where; that 【答案】D 【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：他在他的朋友工作的这家工厂里学到了许多的经验。分析句子结构可知，第一空处考查定语从句，先行词为the factory，在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where；第二空处使用了强调结构It is/was+强调部分+that+剩余部分，本句强调部分为地点状语，故选D项。 1. ________ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it 【答案】B 【详解】考查强调句。句意：他回家后，我们才知道发生了什么事。句子是强调句，结构为：It was+ 被强调部分+ that+其他，此处被强调部分是时间状语when he came back home。故选B。 2. It was in the evening ________ the hurricane struck the area. A. while B. that C. as D. until 【答案】B 【详解】考查强调句。句意：在晚上的时候，飓风袭击了该地区。分析句子可知这是一个强调句，句式为It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他，强调部分为人使用who/that引导从句，强调部分为其他一律使用that引导从句，在本句中，强调部分为in the evening“在晚上”，所以使用that引导从句，故选B。 3. I think it is always the people who have the same culture ________ can share their feelings. A. which B. what C. as D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查强调句。句意：我认为，正是那些有着相同文化的人可以分享他们的感受。it is always the people who have the same culture _____ can share their feelings是整句话中的宾语从句，这个句子把it is always和所填空去掉，这个句子变成The people who have the same culture can share their feelings. 这个句子很完整，所以这个句子是一个强调句。结合选项，只有that可用于表示强调句。故选D项。 【点睛】陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who+其它部分。 如何判断强调句是关键，判断是否是强调句的一个简便的方法就是：把It is/ was，that/who结构去掉，如果句子结构完整就是强调句；如果句子结构不完整，那句子中就缺少了成分，可能是状语也可能是从句。这个句子把it is always和所填空去掉，这个句子变成I think the people who have the same culture can share their feelings. 这个句子很完整，所以这个句子是一个强调句。结合选项，只有that可用于表示强调句。故选D项。 4. It is the Internet ________ keeps us in constant touch with our offices in the world. A. that B. who C. where D. how 【答案】A 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是互联网使我们与世界各地的办公室保持联系。此处用强调句型强调句子的主语the Internet，因为the Internet指物，强调句只能用that。故选A。 5. --________ makes your son feel blue today? --________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A. What it is that; To be forbidden B. What is that; Forbidden C. What is it that; Being forbidden D. That is what; Having forbidden 【答案】C 【详解】考查强调句型和非谓语动词。句意：——是什么让你儿子今天心情不好？——不让他看他最喜欢的卡通《狗狗巡逻队》。分析句子结构可知，第一空为强调句型的特殊疑问句，即：疑问词What+ is it+ that+其余部分；第二空为非谓语动词，作主语用动名词，且son与forbide之间是被动关系，所以用Being forbidden，故C项正确。 考点四：省略句 例1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ________(speak) to. 【答案】spoken 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他是个寡言少语的人，在别人跟他说话之前他很少说话。此处是until 引导的条件状语从句省略句，从句主语是he与从句谓语动词speak是被动关系，从句谓语用be done形式，从句主语he与主句主语He一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词，表被动，speak用过去分词形式，原句为：until he is spoken to。故填spoken。 例2. I enjoyed the film we saw last night. It was far more interesting than ________(expect). 【答案】expected 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：我喜欢我们昨晚看的电影。这比预期的有趣得多。此处是than引导的比较状语从句省略句，从句主语是it(指the film)与从句谓语动词expect是被动关系，从句谓语用be done形式，从句主语it与主句主语It 一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词，表被动，此处用过去分词形式，原句为than it was expected。故填expected。 例3. I hope to see you at the office tomorrow, but if ________, do remember to leave me a message. A. possible B. so C. not D. any 【答案】C 【详解】考查省略结构。句意：我希望明天能在办公室见到你，如果不能的话，记得给我留个口信。A. possible可能的；B. so如此；C. not不，不是；D. any任何。结合语意，如果不能在办公室见到的话，记得留口信，空处应用not，if not表示“如果不能的话”。故选C项。 1. When ________ by the police, the young man refused to say anything about the accident. A. to question B. questioned C. questioning D. to be questioned 【答案】B 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当警察询问时，这个年轻人拒绝对事故说任何话。分析句子结构可知，此处为是状语从句的省略结构，当时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的“主语+be”结构，question与句子主语the young man之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式。故选B项。 2. If ________ promptly and properly, some cancers are highly curable. A. treated B. being approached C. aiding D. having been solved 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果及时恰当地治疗，有些癌症的治愈率很高。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中用了be动词，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。分析可知，逗号前的内容为条件状语从句的省略，其完整句式为：If some cancers are treated promptly，从句的主语和主句主语一致，也用了be动词，所以此处省略了some cancers are，结合选项，选项A符合题意，故选A。 3. While ________ dogs, people should not let them loose. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others. A. walking B. walked C. having walked D. to walk 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和现在分词。句意：遛狗时，人们不应该松开它们。否则，它们可能会对其他人造成危险。本句是由While引导的时间状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且状语从句中有be动词的时候，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略；本题的walk与后面主语people构成主动关系，使用现在分词(doing)的形式，完整的从句为：While (people are) walking dogs。故选A项。 4. Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数高中生都喜欢在课堂上保持沉默。当时间/条件/让步状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，从句谓语动词有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。此处是Unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，完整句子为Unless (they are) invited to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class.此处不存在“正在被邀请”。故选A。 5. When ________ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当一个人受到别人帮助的时候，他常常会说“谢谢”或“你真是太好了”。当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：When one is offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”，相当于省略了one is，故选D。 一、单项选择 1. ________ food you’ve cooked! Thank you for your treat. A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice 【答案】D 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：你做的饭菜真好吃!谢谢你的款待。感叹句的构成：1.what引导的感叹句：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语；what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语；what+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语；what+不可数名词+主语+谓语。2.how引导的感叹句：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。本句中food为不可数名词，因此需要使用what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语。故选D。 2. You can’t imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 【答案】B 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你想象不出当他们收到这些好的圣诞礼物的时候他们是多么的高兴。imagine后接宾语从句。这里how引导的是感叹句作宾语，how +形容词+主语+谓语，excited是形容词，是被感叹的词，故选B。 3. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________, but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：计算机被用于教学。因此，不仅节省了老师的精力，而且学生对功课更感兴趣。not only放在句首的时候，后面的句子用部分倒装，而but also后面的句子不能倒装，因此was放在主语前，构成部分倒装。故选B。 4. ________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：Marie的生意如此成功，以至于她在别的地方建立一个新的分公司。so+ adj. /adv. 置于句首时, 其主句需用部分倒装，正常的语序是Her business was so successful that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere，be动词was提前到主语之前，故选B。 5. —Who should be responsible for the accident? —The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order ________. A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：——谁应该为这次事故负责?——是老板，而不是工人们，他们仅仅去按照嘱咐的那样执行。as told相当于as they were told，从句的主语与主句主语一致，而且有be动词，故省略主语和be动词。故选A项。 6. It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said ________ made me angry. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：使我生气的是他说话的方式，而不是他实际上说了什么。根据“It was”可推知，此处用强调句型“It was+被强调部分+that…”，强调句子的主语，去掉It was和that后句意完整，空处应用that构成强调句。故选D。 7. It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 【答案】C 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到他从非洲回来，他才遇到了他想娶的女孩。根据强调句It is ……that 结构和not + 主句 + until + 从句可构成：It is/was not until + 从句 +that +主句。故选C。 8. The visitors said that they had never dreamed ________ such a beautiful scenery. A. there to be B. of there to be C. of there being D. of being 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们说他们从未梦想过会有如此美丽的景色。dream of doing梦想做……，后面接there be句型，用there be的动名词形式there being，故选C。 9. — Do you know how many students ________ in the classroom?   —________. A. are there; nobody B. are there; none C. there are; nobody D. there are; none 【答案】D 【详解】考查不定代词和there be句型。句意：——教室里有多少学生？——一个也没有。第一空为存在句，表示教室里存在多少学生，应用there be句型，且宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故排除A、B选项；第二空nobody仅指“没有人”，侧重“人”的存在与否；none可指“数量上的没有”，能呼应问句中how many(询问数量)的核心需求，表“没有(学生)”。故选D。 10. What ________ first considering the difficult position that I’ve found myself in? A. you think I should do B. do you think should I do C. you think should I do D. do you think I should do 【答案】D 【详解】考查语序。句意：考虑到我所处的困境，你认为我首先应该做什么？do you think是插入语，后面I should do是陈述语序，符合“特殊疑问词+do you think+陈述语序”的结构。故选D。 二、单句语法填空 1. Was it your English teacher ________ helped you improve your listening skills? 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是你的英语老师帮你提高听力的吗？分析句子可知，该句为强调句型的一般疑问句，结构为“Was it + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其他成分”。被强调部分“your English teacher”指人，因此可用“who”或“that”引导后续从句，符合强调句型的语法规则。故填that/who。 2. He ________(do) get up early every day. 【答案】does 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：他确实每天起得很早。空后为动词原形，可推知此处用“do/does/did+动词原形”构成强调句型，用来强调谓语动词，结合“every day”可知，时态用一般现在时，描述经常性的行为，主语为He，因此用does。故填does。 3. ________(revolve) quickly and repeatedly around one’s own axis. 【答案】Revolve 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：快速且反复地绕自身轴线旋转。本句是祈使句，应用动词原形，句首单词首字母大写。故填Revolve。 4. What ________ mess your hair is! Wash it in no time. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：你的头发真乱！马上把它洗干净。此处是what引导的感叹句，mess是可数名词，故此处使用“what+冠词+名词+主语+谓语”句型，mess发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 5. Plain ________ the sketch seemed at first, it gradually revealed the artist’s unique understanding of light and shadow. 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这幅素描起初看似平淡，但渐渐地展现出了艺术家对光影的独特理解。根据形容词Plain位于句首、句子部分倒装以及后文的语义转折可知，此空应是as/ though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”，其倒装结构为“形容词+as/ though+主语+谓语”。故填as/ though。 6. Only after Mary walked into the classroom ________ she realize that she had left the homework at home. 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装。句意：只有在玛丽走进教室后，她才意识到她把作业忘在家里了。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前；根据walked可知，时态为一般过去时，realize为实义动词，故要将助动词did提到主语前。故填did。 7. I cannot work it out. Nor/ neither ________ he. 【答案】can 【详解】考查倒装句与助动词。句意：我解不出来，他也解不出来。“Nor/ neither (……也不)”位于句首时，所在句子需部分倒装，需将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前。根据前句的“cannot work”以及本句主语“he”可知，此空应是助动词can。故填can。 8. Once he makes up his mind to do something, seldom ________ he give it up. 【答案】does 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：一旦他下定决心做某事，就很少会放弃。否定副词倒装结构为：seldom/never/hardly... + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 + 动词原形。句中有动词短语give up，应添加助动词构成倒装，一般现在时第三人称单数需要加助动词does。故填does。 9. If ________(expose) to the outside surroundings, they’ll be prepared for their future better. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果他们暴露在外界环境中，会为未来做更好的准备。当主从句主语一致时，且从句含be时，可省略从句的主语和be，完整的从句为if they are exposed to the outside surroundings，省略主语they和are，保留过去分词exposed。故填 exposed。 10. The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as ________(schedule). 【答案】scheduled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：分配的任务，无论是否危险，都必须按计划完成。此处为状语从句中的省略结构，逻辑主语“the task”与“schedule”之间是被动关系，需用过去分词scheduled，完整形式为“as it is scheduled”。故填scheduled。 一、阅读理解 A Make Your Own Sports Drink Coconut water contains natural electrolytes(电解质) , including potassium and sodium, which are critical to proper nerve and muscle function. Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes(染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version. Freeze Fruity Pops (冰棒) Turn these summer treats into a refueling tool. Blend a hydrating(水合物) fruit such as watermelon (which contains 91.5 percent water) with lemon juice (an excellent source of potassium). Add coconut water for an electrolyte boost and raw honey for a touch of sweetness, if you like. Then fill ice pop molds and freeze for about an hour. Sip Some Summer Soup No one wants hot soup on a. summer day. Instead, make a classic gazpacho(番茄冻汤) by blending tomato (which contains 94.5 percent water) and cucumber (which contains 96.7 percent water) with a little garlic and sea salt. Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini. Refuel with Milk One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention(保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion. For the healthiest choice, go for fat-free or reduced-fat varieties. 1. We can learn something about the commercial sports drink from the first paragraph EXCEPT _________. A. It contains sugar, calories, and man-made dyes. B. It is an unnatural drink. C. There are no electrolytes in it. D. There is no fresh-squeezed juice in it. 2. We can use many foods to make cold soups EXCEPT _________. A. Celery B. Apple C. Strawberry D. Potato 3. When you finished a sport exercise, you should drink _________ to regain energy. A. Sports Drink B. Freeze Fruity Pops C. Cold-Soup D. Milk-based products 4. This is a passage of _________. A. Research for health B. Tips for delicious hydration C. News for healthy foods. D. Experiment report 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍四种夏季补水补能自制饮品：用椰子水和鲜榨果汁(可加蜂蜜)做运动饮料，将含水分水果等制成冰棒，制作高水分冷汤，还推荐牛奶(低脂更佳)助补水和身体恢复。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes(染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version.(与其饮用含有过多糖分、热量和人工色素的商业运动饮料，不如将等量的椰子水与新鲜榨取的果汁混合(如果喜欢甜味的话，还可以加入少许天然蜂蜜，以获得全天然的饮品))”可知，商业饮料中糖分，热量和人工色素过多，并不是天然饮料，也没有天然鲜榨果汁，文章中没有提到不含电解质。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini.(或者可以尝试用其他水分含量高的食材制作冷汤，比如花椰菜、芹菜、菠菜、浆果和西葫芦)”可知，我们可以用许多食物来制作冷汤，但土豆除外。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention (保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion.(发表在《应用生理学、营养学与代谢学》杂志上的一项研究显示，摄入牛奶或牛奶制品的运动员比饮用“能量饮料”的运动员更能保持体液平衡。牛奶中的蛋白质还能帮助身体在剧烈运动后恢复状态)”可知，当你完成体育锻炼后，应该饮用牛奶制品来补充能量。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章介绍四种夏季补水补能自制饮品：用椰子水和鲜榨果汁(可加蜂蜜)做运动饮料，将含水分水果等制成冰棒，制作高水分冷汤，还推荐牛奶(低脂更佳)助补水和身体恢复。即，这是关于美味补水小贴士的一段内容。故选B。 B The $20,000 Trap: How a “Tech Support” Scam Fooled a Savvy User When Mark Henderson’s laptop suddenly displayed a bright red pop-up with a warning — “Your device is infected with 17 viruses. Immediate action required to avoid data loss” — he didn’t panic at first. A freelance graphic designer who’d used computers for over 20 years, Mark prided himself on spotting online scams. He’d even taught his teenage daughter to ignore fake “virus alerts” that popped up uninvited. But this time, something felt different. The pop-up included a realistic-looking “Verified by Microsoft” badge, and when Mark tried to close the window, it froze his screen — no mouse clicks worked, no keyboard shortcuts responded. Just as he reached for his phone to search for Microsoft’s official support number, his landline rang. The caller ID showed “Microsoft Support,” and the voice on the line — calm, professional, with a slight British accent — sounded exactly like the tech agents he’d spoken to before. “I see your laptop’s showing a critical virus warning,” the caller said. “Let me walk you through a check to confirm the issue.” He guided Mark to a hidden system folder, where a list of files with strange names like “malware 2024.exe” appeared. “Those are active threats,” the caller explained. “If we don’t remove them within 30 minutes, your bank details and design files will be sent to a server in Ukraine.” Mark’s heart raced. His laptop held client projects worth thousands of dollars, plus linked bank accounts for freelance payments. The caller then asked Mark to download a “remote support tool” called “TechHelpPro” — a name Mark swore he’d seen recommended on a trusted tech blog. Once installed, the caller took control of Mark’s screen, typing rapidly as he “scanned” for viruses. “I’ve contained the threat,” the caller said 10 minutes later. “But to fully protect your device, you’ll need our Premium Security Package. It’s 200 for a year, but since you’re a long-time Microsoft user, I can offer it for 150.” Mark hesitated — until the caller pulled up a live feed of “recent login attempts” to his email, showing IP addresses from countries he’d never visited. “These are the scammers trying to get in,” the caller said. “Pay now, and I’ll block them permanently.” Mark paid via a “secure link” sent to his email — a link that looked identical to his bank’s payment page. He even double checked the URL, which started with “https://” and had a padlock icon. But when he tried to call Microsoft the next day to confirm the service, he learned the truth: the pop-up, the caller ID, the “virus files,” and the “login attempts” were all part of an elaborate scam. The “TechHelpPro” tool had given the scammers access to his bank account, and the 150 “security fee” was just the start — they’d stolen over 20,000 before he noticed. “I thought I was too smart for this,” Mark told a local reporter. “But they didn’t just lie — they used real-looking badges, fake system files, and even copied my bank’s website perfectly. It wasn’t carelessness. It was that their technology was better than my ability to spot the fake.” 5. What made Mark initially trust the caller’s identity? A. The caller’s detailed knowledge of his laptop model B. The matching caller ID and professional voice C. The recommendation of “TechHelpPro” on a tech blog D. The urgent warning about virus threats to his files 6. Why did the scammer show Mark “recent login attempts” to his email? A. To prove they had already accessed his email account B. To make him believe his personal data was at immediate risk C. To explain why his laptop had been infected with viruses D. To ask him to change his email password immediately 7. Which detail best shows the scammers’ advanced technology? A. They created a pop-up that froze Mark’s screen B. They used a British accent to sound more credible C. They copied Mark’s bank’s payment page with a fake padlock icon D. They knew Mark was a freelance graphic designer with client files 8. What is the main message the author wants to convey through Mark’s story? A. Freelancers should back up their files to avoid data loss B. Even experienced users can be tricked by high-tech scams C. Microsoft should improve its official support services D. Online security tools are not effective against modern scams 【答案】5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述资深电脑用户马克遭遇 “技术支持” 高科技诈骗，被骗走 2 万多美元的经历，警示即便有经验的用户也可能中招。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The caller ID showed “Microsoft Support,” and the voice on the line — calm, professional, with a slight British accent — sounded exactly like the tech agents he’d spoken to before.(来电ID显示为“微软支持”，电话那头的声音平静、专业，带着轻微的英国口音，听起来和他之前交谈过的技术人员一模一样)”可知，匹配的来电显示和专业的声音让马克最初相信了来电者的身份。故选B项。 6. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Mark hesitated — until the caller pulled up a live feed of “recent login attempts” to his email, showing IP addresses from countries he’d never visited. “These are the scammers trying to get in,” the caller said. “Pay now, and I’ll block them permanently.”(马克犹豫了，直到来电者调出了他邮箱的“近期登录尝试”实时记录，显示的IP地址来自他从未去过的国家。“这些是试图入侵的骗子，”来电者说，“现在付款，我会永久阻止他们。”)”可知，骗子向马克展示邮箱的“近期登录尝试”是为了让他相信自己的个人数据正面临即时风险。故选B项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“He even double checked the URL, which started with “https://” and had a padlock icon.(他甚至仔细检查了网址，网址以“https://”开头，还有一个挂锁图标)”和第七段中的“But they didn’t just lie — they used real-looking badges, fake system files, and even copied my bank’s website perfectly.(但他们不止是撒谎，他们使用了看起来很真实的标识、伪造的系统文件，甚至完美复制了我银行的网站)”可知，骗子复制马克银行的支付页面并带有假挂锁图标，这些最能体现其先进技术。故选C项。 8. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A freelance graphic designer who’d used computers for over 20 years, Mark prided himself on spotting online scams.(马克是一名自由平面设计师，使用电脑已有20多年，他对自己能识别网络诈骗感到自豪)”和最后一段中的“ “I thought I was too smart for this,” Mark told a local reporter.(马克告诉当地记者：“我以为自己不会上当。”)”以及全文马克被骗的经历可知，作者想通过马克的故事传达“即便是有经验的用户也可能被高科技诈骗欺骗”的核心信息。故选B项。 C When you think of British food, what comes to your mind? You may think of fish and chips, or a Sunday meal of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so dull? Although Britain is famous for its less-than-impressive cooking, it is producing more top chefs who frequently appear on our TV screens, and their recipes often top the bestseller lists. Britons are starting to move away from traditional one-meat-with-vegetables and ready-made meals and are becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits, thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign. There has been a recent report that the number of people sticking to traditional diets is slowly decreasing, and about half of British consumers hope to change or improve their cooking skills to some extent. The number of students applying for food courses at British universities and colleges has increased. It can be seen that TV programs have changed people’s views on cooking. According to the latest research by market analysts, one fifth of Britons say that they have been brave enough to try different foods by watching cooking programs on TV; about one third of them say that they now use a more diverse range of ingredients than before; nearly one quarter of them say that they now buy better-quality ingredients than before; one quarter of adults say that TV chefs have made them more confident in expanding their cooking knowledge and skills. Young people are also becoming more and more interested in cooking. Britain’s obsession with food is manifested through TV programs. Cooking shows and food documentaries are being broadcast more frequently than ever. With more male chefs appearing on TV, cooking is no longer considered “uncool” by boys. 9. How do people usually view British food? A. Simple and dull. B. Rich and delicious. C. Exotic and expensive. D. Healthy and nutritious. 10. Which best describes the cooking programs on British TV? A. Boring. B. Costly. C. Unpopular. D. Influential. 11. What is the percentage of people who currently use more diverse ingredients? A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 33%. 12. What might the author continue to talk about? A. Different types of British food. B. Male chefs on TV programs. C. The history of British cooking. D. The popularity of food documentaries. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. D 12. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国食物常被认为单调，但受电视主厨影响，英国人烹饪习惯更具冒险精神，对烹饪的兴趣和技能也在提升。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When you think of British food, what comes to your mind? You may think of fish and chips, or a Sunday meal of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so dull?(当你想到英国菜时，你会想到什么？你可能会想到炸鱼薯条，或者一顿周日的肉和两种蔬菜大餐。但英国菜真的那么乏味吗？)”可知，人们通常认为英国食物简单又乏味。故选A项。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Britons are starting to move away from traditional one-meat-with-vegetables and ready-made meals and are becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits, thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign. (多亏了这些电视厨师，而不是任何广告活动，英国人开始摆脱传统的“一肉配蔬菜”和即食餐，在烹饪习惯上变得更具冒险精神)”以及第三段中列举的各种数据“According to the latest research by market analysts, one fifth of Britons say that they have been brave enough to try different foods by watching cooking programs on TV; about one third of them say that they now use a more diverse range of ingredients than before; nearly one quarter of them say that they now buy better-quality ingredients than before; one quarter of adults say that TV chefs have made them more confident in expanding their cooking knowledge and skills.(根据市场分析人士的最新研究，五分之一的英国人说他们通过看电视上的烹饪节目来勇敢地尝试不同的食物；大约三分之一的人说，他们现在使用的食材比以前更多样化；近四分之一的人表示，他们现在购买的食材质量比以前更好；四分之一的成年人表示，电视厨师让他们更有信心扩大自己的烹饪知识和技能。)”可知，电视烹饪节目对英国人的饮食产生了很大影响，所以是有影响力的。故选D项。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段“about one third of them say that they now use a more diverse range of ingredients than before (约三分之一的人表示，他们现在使用的食材比以前更多样化)”可知，约三分之一的人现在使用的配料种类更丰富，三分之一即33%。故选D项。 12. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Cooking shows and food documentaries are being broadcast more frequently than ever. With more male chefs appearing on TV, cooking is no longer considered “uncool” by boys. (烹饪节目和美食纪录片比以往任何时候都更频繁地播出。随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩们不再认为烹饪“不酷”)”可知，前文已经引出了男性厨师在电视上出现这一话题，按照逻辑，作者接下来可能会继续谈论电视节目中的男性厨师。故选B项。 D Imagine a world where money ceases to exist — where walking into a store, picking up a laptop, a loaf of bread, or a designer dress requires no exchange of cash, credit cards, or digital payments. At first glance, this might seem like a utopia: no more poverty, no more debt, no more stress over making ends meet. But beneath the surface, such a world would trigger profound, and often unsettling, shifts in human society, economics, and even psychology. To start, the global economy as we know it would collapse. For centuries, money has served as a “medium of exchange” that simplifies trade — a farmer can sell wheat for money, then use that money to buy tools, instead of bartering wheat directly for tools (which requires finding someone who both needs wheat and has tools to spare). Without money, bartering would return, but on a chaotic scale. A teacher who wants a new car would need to find a car manufacturer willing to trade a vehicle for, say, 500 hours of tutoring — and the manufacturer would then need to find someone who wants tutoring in exchange for parts to build more cars. This chain of barter would quickly break down, leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources. Resource allocation would become another crisis. In a moneyless world, people might hoard goods “just in case” — even if they don’t need them immediately. Imagine walking into a grocery store to find shelves empty, not because of low supply, but because others have taken 10 cartons of milk each, fearing future scarcity. This hoarding would create artificial shortages, making it harder for those who truly need goods (like a parent needing baby formula) to access them. Governments might step in to ration resources, but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight—and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist. Perhaps most surprisingly, the end of money could reshape human motivation. Today, many people work to earn money to support their families, pursue hobbies, or save for the future. Without money, the “reward” for work would shift to other factors: personal fulfillment, social recognition, or the desire to contribute to society. For some, this would be liberating—a doctor might focus on treating patients rather than worrying about insurance payments, or an artist might create art purely for passion. But for others, the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness. Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free? This could reduce productivity, further worsening shortages of goods and services. Even social relationships might change. Money often acts as a “neutral” factor in interactions — paying a stranger to fix your bike is a clear, one-time exchange. Without money, interactions could become more complicated: if you ask a neighbor to fix your bike, you’d owe them a favor in return, creating a web of obligations that might strain relationships. Over time, this could lead to the formation of small, tight-knit groups where people rely on each other for favors — excluding those who don’t fit in, and potentially reviving forms of inequality that money once masked. A moneyless world, then, is not the simple utopia it appears to be. It would challenge our assumptions about work, value, and community — and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional. 13. What does the author think is the most direct consequence of a moneyless world for global trade? A. The return of bartering would disrupt the existing trade system. B. Farmers would struggle to sell their crops to tool manufacturers. C. Car manufacturers would face shortages of production parts. D. Essential goods would disappear from the market completely. 14. Why would resource rationing by governments be difficult to implement in a moneyless world? A. Most people would refuse to accept the authority of the government. B. There would be no way to calculate the exact amount of resources needed. C. The cost of enforcing rationing would be too high for governments to bear. D. It would restrict personal freedom, which many people would oppose. 15. Which view about the impact of a moneyless world on work does the author support? A. Doctors would stop caring about patients if they don’t earn money. B. Artists would lose their passion for creation without financial rewards. C. Some people might lose motivation to work due to lack of money. D. Most people would choose to work for social recognition instead of money. 16. What is the author’s main conclusion about a moneyless world? A. It would be a utopia where poverty and debt no longer exist. B. It would bring more challenges than benefits to human society. C. It would completely change the way people interact with each other. D. It would solve most economic problems but create social issues. 【答案】13. A 14. D 15. C 16. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论的是假如金钱不复存在，世界将会面临的种种状况与挑战。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Without money, bartering would return, but on a chaotic scale.(没有金钱，物物交换将卷土重来，但规模将混乱不堪。)”和“This chain of barter would quickly break down, leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources.(这种物物交换链很快就会崩溃，由于生产放缓，没有明确的方法来评估劳动力和资源的价值，导致必需品短缺。)”可知，作者认为无货币世界对全球贸易的最直接后果是物物交换的回归将扰乱现有的贸易体系。故选A。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Governments might step in to ration resources, but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight — and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist.(政府可能会介入进行资源配给，但实施配给制需要严格的监管——这可能会以许多人会抗拒的方式限制个人自由。)”可知，在一个没有钱的世界里，政府的资源配给很难实施是因为它会限制人身自由，这是许多人会反对的。故选D。 15. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But for others, the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness. Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free? This could reduce productivity, further worsening shortages of goods and services.(但对其他人来说，失去经济激励可能会导致懒惰。如果你能免费得到你需要的一切，为什么还要在工厂里每周工作40个小时呢？这可能会降低生产率，进一步加剧商品和服务的短缺。)”可知，作者支持的观点是在一个没有钱的世界，有些人可能会因为缺钱而失去工作的动力。故选C。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A moneyless world, then, is not the simple utopia it appears to be. It would challenge our assumptions about work, value, and community — and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional.(因此，一个无钱的世界并不像表面上看起来那么简单。它将挑战我们对工作、价值和社区的假设，并迫使我们面对一些难题，即是什么使社会公平和有效。)”可知，作者对没有钱的世界的主要结论是这将给人类社会带来更多的挑战而不是好处。故选B。 二、完形填空 I’ve been motivated(激励) — and demotivated(气馁) — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 7 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 9 her bike and went for a ride. The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 . That day, I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 . I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself; they just have to be my own. 1. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 2. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently 3. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 4. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 5. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence 6. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason 7. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with 8. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved 9. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked 10. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice 11. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges 12. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped 13. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing 14. A. picked up B. grown up C. turned up D. given up 15. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动(跑步和骑自行车)的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它! A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my ____5____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15英里和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我！A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 英里，而女孩在为52.4 英里做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。 7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only ____6____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____11____.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The ____10____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文I’d never faced such ____11____.”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got ____12____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。 14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那以后我成长了很多。A. picked up捡起；B. grown up成长；C. turned up出现；D. given up放弃。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself; they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成长了很多。故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。 三、语法填空 Chinese farmers observed a special festival on Sept 23, 2023. 1 (know) as the Chinese Farmer’s Harvest Festival, this event happens every year on the autumn equinox(秋分). It’s a time 2 (honor) the hard work of farmers and celebrate their achievements. It also highlights the important role that farmers 3 (play) in the past three decades. As 4 country with a large population, China considers solving the food security issue as a top priority(头等大事). Over the last decade, the country’s grain production has consistently(持续地) increased, 5 (enable) China to provide help for other countries and regions. On the global scale, China has put more effort than any other country, 6 helps developing countries to work with each other. Other countries’ 7 (recognize) of China’s agricultural development can be summarized in two points. First, they respect China’s ability to address 8 (it) own food security. Second, they treat China as their “true friends”, because China has made great contributions 9 global food security. Food insecurity is 10 (basic) caused by imbalanced development worldwide. On this matter, actions speak louder than words. 【答案】 1. Known 2. to honor 3. have played 4. a 5. enabling 6. which 7. recognition 8. its 9. to 10. basically 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章概述了中国农民在2023年庆祝丰收节的盛况，强调了农民的重要性和中国粮食安全的全球意义，同时指出了全球发展不平衡导致的食品安全问题。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为中国农民丰收节的这个节日，每年在秋分时节举行。分析句子可知，此空需用非谓语动词，且know与逻辑主语this event之间是被动关系，意为“被称为……”，且此空位于句首，首字母应大写，所以应填过去分词Known。故填Known。 2. 考查不定式。句意：这是向农民的辛勤劳动致敬和庆祝他们成就的时刻。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式to do作后置定语，表示目的，即“为了……”。故填to honor。 3. 考查定语从句的时态。句意：这也凸显了农民在过去三十年中扮演的重要角色。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的定语从句，根据句中时间状语“in the past three decades”可知，空处作为从句谓语，应用现在完成时，因主语为farmers，是复数，故应填have played。故填have played。 4. 考查冠词。句意：作为一个人口大国，中国把解决粮食安全问题作为首要任务。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指“一个人口大国”，且country为可数名词单数形式，且为辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 5. 考查现在分词。句意：在过去的十年里，中国的粮食生产持续增长，使中国能够为其他国家和地区提供帮助。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语形式，因enable与逻辑主语“the country’s grain production”为主动关系，故此处应用现在分词enabling，意为“使能够”。故填enabling。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：在全球范围内，中国比其他任何国家付出更多的努力，这有助于发展中国家相互合作。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子“On the global scale, China has put more effort than any other country”，在从句中充当主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7. 考查名词。句意：其他国家对中国农业发展的认可可以概括为两点。分析句子可知，空处为该句主语，故应为所给词的名词形式；recognition为不可数名词，意为“认可”，故填recognition。 8. 考查代词。句意：首先，他们尊重中国解决自己粮食安全问题的能力。“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”意为“自己的……”；根据所给词it，故应为其形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。 9. 考查介词。句意：其次，他们视中国为“真朋友”，因为中国为全球粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“make contributions to...”,意为“对……做出贡献”，介词to表动作指向，意为“向……，对……”。故填to。 10. 考查副词。句意：粮食不安全基本上是由全球发展不平衡造成的。根据句意可知，此处应用副词basically修饰动词caused，表示“基本上”。故填basically。 四、应用文写作 假设你是李华，近期你收到“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目组邀请为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，请你给节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨相关事宜，内容包括： 1. 感谢邀请; 2. 告知演讲话题并说明原因; 3. 期待回信。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Emma, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Emma, Thank you for inviting me to do a video speech for the Culture Column of the Z Era International Youth Talk Program. Referring to the topic, I’d like to talk about the generation gap. It is a common phenomenon exiting everywhere between parents and children, which results in misunderstandings between loved ones. I will discuss the harm of it and recommend some ways to solve it. If you have any requirements, please contact me. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，表示感谢并告知演讲话题和说明原因。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 谈及：refer to → in terms of 引起：result in → cause 谈论：talk about → discuss 介绍：recommend → introduce 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I will talk about the harm of it and recommend some ways to solve it. 拓展句：I will talk about the harm of it and recommend some ways that people can use to solve it. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】It is a common phenomenon exiting everywhere between parents and children, which results in misunderstandings between loved ones.(运用了现在分词短语作定语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If you have any requirements, please contact me.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 特殊句式 ( 目 录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) 考点一 祈使句+感叹句 1 祈使句 祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never。如: Don’t swim in the river.别在河里游泳。祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下3种类型: (1)行为动词原形+其他成分 In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。 (2)Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) Be careful to avoid being subjective and one-sided. 切忌主观片面。 (3) Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那里。 2 感叹句 感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导的,其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句,常见的有: (1)What感叹句 What作定语,修饰名词,其感叹句句型结构: ①What +a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:What a big apple this is! 多么大的苹果！ ②What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事！ ③What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:What honest children they are! 他们是多么诚实的孩子！ (2)How感叹句 How作状语,修饰形容词、副词和动词,其感叹句句型结构: ①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如: How beautiful the city is! 这个城市多么漂亮！ ②How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如: How interesting a story it is! ③How+主语+谓语!如: How time flies! 时间飞逝！ 考点二 倒装句 1.全部倒装 (1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。 (2)such作表语置于句首时。 (3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 (4)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。 (5)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。 2.部分倒装 (1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。 (2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。 (3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。 (4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。 (5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。 (6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。 (7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。 (8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。 (9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。 考点三 强调句 1. 对谓语动词的强调 使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。 2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。 强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。 【温馨提升】 (1)强调句型中的主谓一致。在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 (2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。 (3)强调句型的疑问句 在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。 (4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。 考点四 省略句 1.状语从句中的省略 由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。 2.不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。 3.并列句中的省略 并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。 4.常考的几个省略形式 if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。 【温馨提示】 1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。 在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。 考点一：祈使句/感叹句 例1. ________ down the TV—Granny is sleeping in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 例2. —________ great surprise to see you here, Daniel! —Yeah. We haven’t seen each other for quite a long time. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 1. For more information about Cambridge, ________ our website at www. cambridge. org. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 2. The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. ________ exciting news it is! A. What B. How C. How an D. What an 3. ________ lucky they are, I thought, to have each other. A. What a B. What C. How 4. ________ important it is for teenagers to be creative! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a 考点二：倒装 例1. Out ________, with a stick in his hand. A. did the man rush B. rushed the man C. the man rushed D. the man did rush 例2. In our campus ________, which was built many years ago. A. a building stands B. a building lies C. stands a building D. lies a building 例3. ________ you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Even though B. If only C. Only when D. Only if 1. Only after he had spoken out the word ________ he had made a big mistake. A. she realized B. had she realized C. she had realized D. did she realize 2. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns. A. lies B. lie C. lying D. lay 3. Twenty years ago, hardly ________ that they could pay for things with their smartphones. A. people realized B. realized people C. did people realize D. people did realize 4. ________ with heavy loads of teaching ________ he later became an easy target of the flu. A. So tired was the teacher；that B. The teacher was so tired；which C. Tired as the teacher；that D. Such was the tired teacher；which 5. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them. A. did I realize B. I realized C. had I realized D. I had realized 考点三：强调句 例1. Was it in the house ________ you were born and brought up? A. where B. which C. when D. that 例2. I ________ you can finish the exam in two hours. A. does believe B. do believe C. did believed D. do believed 例3. It was in the factory ________ his friend worked ________ he picked up a lot of experience. A. where; where B. that; where C. that; that D. where; that 1. ________ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it 2. It was in the evening ________ the hurricane struck the area. A. while B. that C. as D. until 3. I think it is always the people who have the same culture ________ can share their feelings. A. which B. what C. as D. that 4. It is the Internet ________ keeps us in constant touch with our offices in the world. A. that B. who C. where D. how 5. --________ makes your son feel blue today? --________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A. What it is that; To be forbidden B. What is that; Forbidden C. What is it that; Being forbidden D. That is what; Having forbidden 考点四：省略句 例1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ________(speak) to. 例2. I enjoyed the film we saw last night. It was far more interesting than ________(expect). 例3. I hope to see you at the office tomorrow, but if ________, do remember to leave me a message. A. possible B. so C. not D. any 1. When ________ by the police, the young man refused to say anything about the accident. A. to question B. questioned C. questioning D. to be questioned 2. If ________ promptly and properly, some cancers are highly curable. A. treated B. being approached C. aiding D. having been solved 3. While ________ dogs, people should not let them loose. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others. A. walking B. walked C. having walked D. to walk 4. Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 5. When ________ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 一、单项选择 1. ________ food you’ve cooked! Thank you for your treat. A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice 2. You can’t imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 3. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________, but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy 4. ________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 5. —Who should be responsible for the accident? —The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order ________. A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 6. It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said ________ made me angry. A. as B. which C. what D. that 7. It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 8. The visitors said that they had never dreamed ________ such a beautiful scenery. A. there to be B. of there to be C. of there being D. of being 9. — Do you know how many students ________ in the classroom?   —________. A. are there; nobody B. are there; none C. there are; nobody D. there are; none 10. What ________ first considering the difficult position that I’ve found myself in? A. you think I should do B. do you think should I do C. you think should I do D. do you think I should do 二、单句语法填空 1. Was it your English teacher ________ helped you improve your listening skills? 2. He ________(do) get up early every day. 3. ________(revolve) quickly and repeatedly around one’s own axis. 4. What ________ mess your hair is! Wash it in no time. 5. Plain ________ the sketch seemed at first, it gradually revealed the artist’s unique understanding of light and shadow. 6. Only after Mary walked into the classroom ________ she realize that she had left the homework at home. 7. I cannot work it out. Nor/ neither ________ he. 8. Once he makes up his mind to do something, seldom ________ he give it up. 9. If ________(expose) to the outside surroundings, they’ll be prepared for their future better. 10. The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as ________(schedule). 一、阅读理解 A Make Your Own Sports Drink Coconut water contains natural electrolytes(电解质) , including potassium and sodium, which are critical to proper nerve and muscle function. Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes(染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version. Freeze Fruity Pops (冰棒) Turn these summer treats into a refueling tool. Blend a hydrating(水合物) fruit such as watermelon (which contains 91.5 percent water) with lemon juice (an excellent source of potassium). Add coconut water for an electrolyte boost and raw honey for a touch of sweetness, if you like. Then fill ice pop molds and freeze for about an hour. Sip Some Summer Soup No one wants hot soup on a. summer day. Instead, make a classic gazpacho(番茄冻汤) by blending tomato (which contains 94.5 percent water) and cucumber (which contains 96.7 percent water) with a little garlic and sea salt. Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini. Refuel with Milk One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention(保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion. For the healthiest choice, go for fat-free or reduced-fat varieties. 1. We can learn something about the commercial sports drink from the first paragraph EXCEPT _________. A. It contains sugar, calories, and man-made dyes. B. It is an unnatural drink. C. There are no electrolytes in it. D. There is no fresh-squeezed juice in it. 2. We can use many foods to make cold soups EXCEPT _________. A. Celery B. Apple C. Strawberry D. Potato 3. When you finished a sport exercise, you should drink _________ to regain energy. A. Sports Drink B. Freeze Fruity Pops C. Cold-Soup D. Milk-based products 4. This is a passage of _________. A. Research for health B. Tips for delicious hydration C. News for healthy foods. D. Experiment report B The $20,000 Trap: How a “Tech Support” Scam Fooled a Savvy User When Mark Henderson’s laptop suddenly displayed a bright red pop-up with a warning — “Your device is infected with 17 viruses. Immediate action required to avoid data loss” — he didn’t panic at first. A freelance graphic designer who’d used computers for over 20 years, Mark prided himself on spotting online scams. He’d even taught his teenage daughter to ignore fake “virus alerts” that popped up uninvited. But this time, something felt different. The pop-up included a realistic-looking “Verified by Microsoft” badge, and when Mark tried to close the window, it froze his screen — no mouse clicks worked, no keyboard shortcuts responded. Just as he reached for his phone to search for Microsoft’s official support number, his landline rang. The caller ID showed “Microsoft Support,” and the voice on the line — calm, professional, with a slight British accent — sounded exactly like the tech agents he’d spoken to before. “I see your laptop’s showing a critical virus warning,” the caller said. “Let me walk you through a check to confirm the issue.” He guided Mark to a hidden system folder, where a list of files with strange names like “malware 2024.exe” appeared. “Those are active threats,” the caller explained. “If we don’t remove them within 30 minutes, your bank details and design files will be sent to a server in Ukraine.” Mark’s heart raced. His laptop held client projects worth thousands of dollars, plus linked bank accounts for freelance payments. The caller then asked Mark to download a “remote support tool” called “TechHelpPro” — a name Mark swore he’d seen recommended on a trusted tech blog. Once installed, the caller took control of Mark’s screen, typing rapidly as he “scanned” for viruses. “I’ve contained the threat,” the caller said 10 minutes later. “But to fully protect your device, you’ll need our Premium Security Package. It’s 200 for a year, but since you’re a long-time Microsoft user, I can offer it for 150.” Mark hesitated — until the caller pulled up a live feed of “recent login attempts” to his email, showing IP addresses from countries he’d never visited. “These are the scammers trying to get in,” the caller said. “Pay now, and I’ll block them permanently.” Mark paid via a “secure link” sent to his email — a link that looked identical to his bank’s payment page. He even double checked the URL, which started with “https://” and had a padlock icon. But when he tried to call Microsoft the next day to confirm the service, he learned the truth: the pop-up, the caller ID, the “virus files,” and the “login attempts” were all part of an elaborate scam. The “TechHelpPro” tool had given the scammers access to his bank account, and the 150 “security fee” was just the start — they’d stolen over 20,000 before he noticed. “I thought I was too smart for this,” Mark told a local reporter. “But they didn’t just lie — they used real-looking badges, fake system files, and even copied my bank’s website perfectly. It wasn’t carelessness. It was that their technology was better than my ability to spot the fake.” 5. What made Mark initially trust the caller’s identity? A. The caller’s detailed knowledge of his laptop model B. The matching caller ID and professional voice C. The recommendation of “TechHelpPro” on a tech blog D. The urgent warning about virus threats to his files 6. Why did the scammer show Mark “recent login attempts” to his email? A. To prove they had already accessed his email account B. To make him believe his personal data was at immediate risk C. To explain why his laptop had been infected with viruses D. To ask him to change his email password immediately 7. Which detail best shows the scammers’ advanced technology? A. They created a pop-up that froze Mark’s screen B. They used a British accent to sound more credible C. They copied Mark’s bank’s payment page with a fake padlock icon D. They knew Mark was a freelance graphic designer with client files 8. What is the main message the author wants to convey through Mark’s story? A. Freelancers should back up their files to avoid data loss B. Even experienced users can be tricked by high-tech scams C. Microsoft should improve its official support services D. Online security tools are not effective against modern scams C When you think of British food, what comes to your mind? You may think of fish and chips, or a Sunday meal of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so dull? Although Britain is famous for its less-than-impressive cooking, it is producing more top chefs who frequently appear on our TV screens, and their recipes often top the bestseller lists. Britons are starting to move away from traditional one-meat-with-vegetables and ready-made meals and are becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits, thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign. There has been a recent report that the number of people sticking to traditional diets is slowly decreasing, and about half of British consumers hope to change or improve their cooking skills to some extent. The number of students applying for food courses at British universities and colleges has increased. It can be seen that TV programs have changed people’s views on cooking. According to the latest research by market analysts, one fifth of Britons say that they have been brave enough to try different foods by watching cooking programs on TV; about one third of them say that they now use a more diverse range of ingredients than before; nearly one quarter of them say that they now buy better-quality ingredients than before; one quarter of adults say that TV chefs have made them more confident in expanding their cooking knowledge and skills. Young people are also becoming more and more interested in cooking. Britain’s obsession with food is manifested through TV programs. Cooking shows and food documentaries are being broadcast more frequently than ever. With more male chefs appearing on TV, cooking is no longer considered “uncool” by boys. 9. How do people usually view British food? A. Simple and dull. B. Rich and delicious. C. Exotic and expensive. D. Healthy and nutritious. 10. Which best describes the cooking programs on British TV? A. Boring. B. Costly. C. Unpopular. D. Influential. 11. What is the percentage of people who currently use more diverse ingredients? A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 33%. 12. What might the author continue to talk about? A. Different types of British food. B. Male chefs on TV programs. C. The history of British cooking. D. The popularity of food documentaries. D Imagine a world where money ceases to exist — where walking into a store, picking up a laptop, a loaf of bread, or a designer dress requires no exchange of cash, credit cards, or digital payments. At first glance, this might seem like a utopia: no more poverty, no more debt, no more stress over making ends meet. But beneath the surface, such a world would trigger profound, and often unsettling, shifts in human society, economics, and even psychology. To start, the global economy as we know it would collapse. For centuries, money has served as a “medium of exchange” that simplifies trade — a farmer can sell wheat for money, then use that money to buy tools, instead of bartering wheat directly for tools (which requires finding someone who both needs wheat and has tools to spare). Without money, bartering would return, but on a chaotic scale. A teacher who wants a new car would need to find a car manufacturer willing to trade a vehicle for, say, 500 hours of tutoring — and the manufacturer would then need to find someone who wants tutoring in exchange for parts to build more cars. This chain of barter would quickly break down, leading to shortages of essential goods as production slows without a clear way to value labor and resources. Resource allocation would become another crisis. In a moneyless world, people might hoard goods “just in case” — even if they don’t need them immediately. Imagine walking into a grocery store to find shelves empty, not because of low supply, but because others have taken 10 cartons of milk each, fearing future scarcity. This hoarding would create artificial shortages, making it harder for those who truly need goods (like a parent needing baby formula) to access them. Governments might step in to ration resources, but enforcing rationing would require strict oversight—and potentially limit personal freedom in ways that many would resist. Perhaps most surprisingly, the end of money could reshape human motivation. Today, many people work to earn money to support their families, pursue hobbies, or save for the future. Without money, the “reward” for work would shift to other factors: personal fulfillment, social recognition, or the desire to contribute to society. For some, this would be liberating—a doctor might focus on treating patients rather than worrying about insurance payments, or an artist might create art purely for passion. But for others, the loss of financial incentive could lead to laziness. Why work 40 hours a week in a factory if you can get everything you need for free? This could reduce productivity, further worsening shortages of goods and services. Even social relationships might change. Money often acts as a “neutral” factor in interactions — paying a stranger to fix your bike is a clear, one-time exchange. Without money, interactions could become more complicated: if you ask a neighbor to fix your bike, you’d owe them a favor in return, creating a web of obligations that might strain relationships. Over time, this could lead to the formation of small, tight-knit groups where people rely on each other for favors — excluding those who don’t fit in, and potentially reviving forms of inequality that money once masked. A moneyless world, then, is not the simple utopia it appears to be. It would challenge our assumptions about work, value, and community — and force us to confront difficult questions about what makes a society fair and functional. 13. What does the author think is the most direct consequence of a moneyless world for global trade? A. The return of bartering would disrupt the existing trade system. B. Farmers would struggle to sell their crops to tool manufacturers. C. Car manufacturers would face shortages of production parts. D. Essential goods would disappear from the market completely. 14. Why would resource rationing by governments be difficult to implement in a moneyless world? A. Most people would refuse to accept the authority of the government. B. There would be no way to calculate the exact amount of resources needed. C. The cost of enforcing rationing would be too high for governments to bear. D. It would restrict personal freedom, which many people would oppose. 15. Which view about the impact of a moneyless world on work does the author support? A. Doctors would stop caring about patients if they don’t earn money. B. Artists would lose their passion for creation without financial rewards. C. Some people might lose motivation to work due to lack of money. D. Most people would choose to work for social recognition instead of money. 16. What is the author’s main conclusion about a moneyless world? A. It would be a utopia where poverty and debt no longer exist. B. It would bring more challenges than benefits to human society. C. It would completely change the way people interact with each other. D. It would solve most economic problems but create social issues. 二、完形填空 I’ve been motivated(激励) — and demotivated(气馁) — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 2 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 4 it! Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 6 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 7 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 9 her bike and went for a ride. The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 . That day, I got 12 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 13 . I’ve 14 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself; they just have to be my own. 1. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 2. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently 3. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 4. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 5. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence 6. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason 7. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with 8. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved 9. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked 10. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice 11. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges 12. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped 13. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing 14. A. picked up B. grown up C. turned up D. given up 15. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests 三、语法填空 Chinese farmers observed a special festival on Sept 23, 2023. 1 (know) as the Chinese Farmer’s Harvest Festival, this event happens every year on the autumn equinox(秋分). It’s a time 2 (honor) the hard work of farmers and celebrate their achievements. It also highlights the important role that farmers 3 (play) in the past three decades. As 4 country with a large population, China considers solving the food security issue as a top priority(头等大事). Over the last decade, the country’s grain production has consistently(持续地) increased, 5 (enable) China to provide help for other countries and regions. On the global scale, China has put more effort than any other country, 6 helps developing countries to work with each other. Other countries’ 7 (recognize) of China’s agricultural development can be summarized in two points. First, they respect China’s ability to address 8 (it) own food security. Second, they treat China as their “true friends”, because China has made great contributions 9 global food security. Food insecurity is 10 (basic) caused by imbalanced development worldwide. On this matter, actions speak louder than words. 四、应用文写作 假设你是李华，近期你收到“Z世代国际青年说(Voice Z)”节目组邀请为其“文化”板块录制一个演讲视频，请你给节目联络人Emma写一封信商讨相关事宜，内容包括： 1. 感谢邀请; 2. 告知演讲话题并说明原因; 3. 期待回信。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Emma, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $