专题02 语法填空 （知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（讲义，广东专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题02 语法填空 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一：动词形式填空 2 考点二：词性转换填空 2 考点三：从句连接词填空 2 考点四：冠词介词填空 2 实战能力训练 6 1. 掌握基础语法规则 2. 理解句子结构和语境 3. 准确判断所需词性和形式 4. 规范书写答案 （一）考查内容全面性 学考语法填空题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语语法学习的多个重要方面。 时态语态：考查学生对各种时态和语态的掌握情况，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，以及主动语态和被动语态的正确运用。例如："Last year, a new bridge ______ (build) over the river." 这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，正确答案是"was built"，学生需要根据时间状语"last year"判断时态，根据主语和动词的关系判断语态。 非谓语动词：考查动词不定式、动名词和分词的正确使用。例如："______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful." 这里考查现在分词作状语，正确答案是"Seen"，表示被动关系。 词性转换：考查根据句子成分需要进行的词性转换能力。例如："The ______ (important) of learning English is obvious." 这里考查形容词转换为名词，正确答案是"importance"。 从句连接：考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的连接词使用。例如："This is the school ______ I studied five years ago." 这里考查定语从句关系词，正确答案是"where"。 冠词介词：考查冠词a, an, the的正确使用以及常用介词的搭配。例如："He goes to ______ school by bus every day." 这里考查零冠词的用法，正确答案是不填冠词。 （一）动词形式填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查动词在不同时态、语态和非谓语形式下的正确变形。例如："So far, we ______ (learn) over 2,000 English words." 这里考查现在完成时，正确答案是"have learned"，学生需要根据时间状语"so far"判断使用现在完成时。 解题技巧：首先分析句子结构，判断空白处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语、主语单复数等确定时态和语态。如果是非谓语动词，就要分析其在句中的成分，确定使用不定式、动名词还是分词形式。 答题注意事项：注意主谓一致，特别是第三人称单数形式。注意不规则动词的变化形式，如go-went-gone, write-wrote-written等。注意被动语态的构成形式be+过去分词。 （二）词性转换填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查根据句子成分需要进行词性转换的能力。例如："The children are playing ______ (happy) in the garden." 这里考查形容词转换为副词，正确答案是"happily"，因为需要副词修饰动词。 解题技巧：分析空白处在句中的成分，确定所需词性。如果修饰名词，通常需要形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，通常需要副词。注意一些常见的词缀，如-tion, -ment, -ness构成名词，-ful, -able构成形容词，-ly构成副词等。 答题注意事项：注意拼写变化，如happy→happily, true→truly等特殊变化。注意一些容易混淆的词性，如hard既是形容词又是副词，而hardly却是"几乎不"的意思。 （三）从句连接词填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查各类从句连接词的正确使用。例如："I will wait here ______ you come back." 这里考查时间状语从句连接词，正确答案是"until"。 解题技巧：分析从句类型，如果是定语从句，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分；如果是状语从句，要根据逻辑关系选择连接词；如果是名词性从句，要注意连接词在从句中是否充当成分。 答题注意事项：注意that在定语从句和名词性从句中的不同用法。注意what不能引导定语从句。注意状语从句中连接词的词义区别，如because, since, as都表示原因，但语气不同。 （四）冠词介词填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查冠词和介词的基本用法和固定搭配。例如："He is good ______ playing basketball." 这里考查介词固定搭配，正确答案是"at"。 解题技巧：对于冠词，要区分特指和泛指，注意单数可数名词前必须加冠词。对于介词，要掌握常见介词的基本含义，更要记忆固定搭配。 答题注意事项：注意零冠词的使用情况，如三餐、球类运动、学科名称前通常不用冠词。注意一些容易混淆的介词，如in, on, at表示时间的区别。 例题精练，举一反三 1. So far, we ______ (learn) over 3,000 English words. 【答案】have learned 【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，我们已经学习了超过3000个英语单词。时间状语"so far"表示"到目前为止"，常与现在完成时连用，主语是we，故填have learned。 2. The book ______ (write) by a famous author last year is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语。句意：去年由一位著名作家写的那本书非常受欢迎。book与write之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词written作后置定语。 3. If I ______ (be) you, I would accept that job offer. 【答案】were 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会接受那份工作。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，be动词用were。 4. He made a suggestion that we ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 【答案】(should) hold 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。句意：他建议我们开个会来讨论这个问题。suggestion后面的同位语从句中，谓语要用"(should)+动词原形"的虚拟语气形式。 5. By the time we arrived, the film ______ already ______ (begin). 【答案】had, begun 【解析】本题考查过去完成时。句意：我们到达时，电影已经开始了。"by the time+过去时间"引导的时间状语从句，主句要用过去完成时。 6. It is important for us ______ (protect) the environment. 【答案】to protect 【解析】本题考查动词不定式。句意：保护环境对我们来说很重要。在"It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth."句型中，用动词不定式作真正的主语。 7. The more you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 【答案】better 【解析】本题考查比较级句型。句意：你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越...越..."，good的比较级是better。 8. I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. 【答案】that/which 【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的那些日子。先行词the days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用that或which。 9. Not only ______ he like English, but he also speaks it very well. 【答案】does 【解析】本题考查倒装句。句意：他不仅喜欢英语，而且说得很好。not only位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装。 10. The teacher told us that light ______ (travel) faster than sound. 【答案】travels 【解析】本题考查客观真理的时态。句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。虽然主句是过去时，但宾语从句表达的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。 11. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. 【答案】Seen 【解析】本题考查过去分词作状语。句意：从山顶上看，这个城市像一个花园。city与see之间是被动关系，故用过去分词seen。 12. This is the most interesting novel that I ______ ever ______ (read). 【答案】have, read 【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意：这是我看过的最有趣的小说。在最高级修饰的名词后的定语从句中，常用现在完成时。 13. He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he ______ (lie) down. 【答案】lay 【解析】本题考查一般过去时。句意：他太累了，一躺下就睡着了。主句是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，lie的过去式是lay。 14. I'm looking forward to ______ (receive) your letter. 【答案】receiving 【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：我期待着收到你的来信。look forward to中的to是介词，后面要接动名词。 15. It was in this park ______ we first met each other. 【答案】that 【解析】本题考查强调句型。句意：就是在这个公园里我们第一次见面。强调句型"It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他"，这里强调地点状语in this park。 16. The problem requires ______ (deal) with immediately. 【答案】dealing 【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：这个问题需要立即处理。require doing sth.相当于require to be done，用主动形式表示被动含义。 17. Hardly ______ he arrived home when it began to rain. 【答案】had 【解析】本题考查倒装句。句意：他刚到家就开始下雨了。hardly...when...结构中，hardly位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装，且主句用过去完成时。 18. The children are playing ______ (happy) in the garden. 【答案】happily 【解析】本题考查副词。句意：孩子们在花园里快乐地玩耍。修饰动词play要用副词形式，happy的副词是happily。 19. It is no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk. 【答案】crying 【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型，表示"做某事没有用"。 20. She suggested that we ______ (start) early the next day. 【答案】(should) start 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意：她建议我们第二天早点出发。suggest表示"建议"时，后面的宾语从句要用"(should)+动词原形"的虚拟语气形式。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 The first step of ice 1 (fish) is getting the net, which is usually over two kilometers long, ready to put under the ice. Then the workers will put the net down at a 2 (choose) spot, and take it up in the distance of the vast lake. 3 this is actually achieved is an interesting process. First, a series of holes are drilled into the ice about a meter and a half thick. They drill a hole every 50 meters or so and they’ll keep doing that until they’ve drilled the holes the entire way around a circle with a diameter (直径) of two kilometers. Meanwhile, another team gets to work, 4 (extend) the main hole using a(n) 5 (convention) ice pick. Eventually, a long piece of bamboo will 6 (employ) to thread the rope of the net into the next hole they have drilled 50 meters away. And these guys will continue like that around the entire outside of the circle until the rope 7 (reach) the other side of the circle two kilometers away. At the same time, back at the main hole, the net is being lowered slowly 8 surely, meter by meter until it’s 9 (complete) submerged under the ice. In the distance, the diggers have reached the other side of the circle and are now working on digging the hole that the net will eventually come out 10 . 【答案】 1．fishing 2．chosen 3．How 4．extending 5．conventional 6．be employed 7．reaches/has reached 8．but 9．completely 10．of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰下捕鱼的具体操作步骤。 1．考查名词。句意：冰下捕鱼的第一步是准备好放到冰下的渔网，这张网通常超过两千米长。设空处作介词of的宾语，其前有ice修饰，应用名词fishing，意为“捕鱼”，是不可数名词。ice fishing表示“冰下捕鱼”，为固定短语。故填fishing。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后渔工们要在选定的地方撒网，并在广阔的湖泊远处把它收上来。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词spot，choose和spot之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。此处为过去分词化的形容词，意为“被选出来的”。故填chosen。 3．考查主语从句。句意：实际上如何实现这一点是一个有趣的过程。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填How。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，另一支队伍开始工作，用传统的碎冰锥扩大主洞。句中已有谓语动词gets，其与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词，extend和another team之间构成逻辑. 上的主动关系，应用extend的现在分词形式作状语。故填extending。 5．考查形容词。句意见上一题解析。设空处作定语，修饰名词短语ice pick，应用形容词，结合句意可知，此处意为“传统的”。故填conventional。 6．考查语态。句意：最后他们会用一根长长的竹竿将网绳穿进50米外他们钻的下一个洞孔里。设空处和will构成主句的谓语，employ和主句主语a long piece of bamboo之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且空前有will，动词be应用原形。故填be employed。 7．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这些人会沿着圆圈的整个外围一直这样做，直到绳子到达两千米外圆圈的另一边。设空处作until引导的时间状语从句的谓语，此处可理解为描述经常发生的动作，时态用一般现在时，或理解为从句的行为完成后，主句的行为才结束，时态用现在完成时；从句主语the rope为单数，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填reaches/has reached。 8．考查固定搭配。句意：与此同时，在主洞那边网正在缓慢而稳定地下降，一米一米地下降，直到完全淹没在冰下。slowly but surely为固定短语，意为“缓慢而稳步地”。故填but。 9．考查副词。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰动词submerged，应用副词completely，意为“完全地”，作状语。故填completely。 10．考查介词。句意：在远处，挖掘者已经到达了圆圈的另一边，现在正在努力挖洞，最终网将从这个洞里出来。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hole，此处表示“网将从这个洞里出来”，应用固定短语come out of，意为“从……中出来”，关系词that作介词of的宾语。故填of。 2 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 11 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 12 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 13 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 14 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 15 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 16 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 17 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 18 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 19 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 20 the series were first launched. 【答案】 11．connecting 12．between 13．said 14．are equipped 15．its 16．a 17．automatically 18．limits 19．fastest 20．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。 11．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 12．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。 13．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。 14．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。 15．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 16．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。 17．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。 18．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。 19．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。 20．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。 3 There are moments in life 21 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 22 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 23 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 24 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 25 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 26 (happy) people don't 27 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 28 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 29 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 30 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】 21．when 22．another 23．has been opened 24．who 25．to dream 26．happiest 27．necessarily 28．comes 29．forgotten 30．around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 21．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 22．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 23．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 24．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 25．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 26．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 27．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 28．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 29．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 30．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 4 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 31 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 32 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 33 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 34 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 35 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 36 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 37 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 38 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 39 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 40 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 【答案】 31．where 32．whose 33．who/that 34．where 35．that/ which 36．that/ which 37．who/that 38．that 39．that 40．that 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 31．考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 32．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 33．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 34．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 35．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 36．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 37．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 38．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 39．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 40．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 【点睛】学习定语从句除了掌握定语从句的基本规则以外，多记忆一些典型例句，做到语法句中学。例如：This is the school （that/which）I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的学校。This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年在那里学习的学校。I will never forget the day(that/which) I spent in Beijing.我永远忘不掉我在北京度过的那天。I will never forget the day when I stayed in Beijing. 我永远忘不掉我在北京逗留的那天。I know a girl who is called Mary./I know a girl whose name is Mary.我认识个女孩名叫Mary。 5 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 41 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 42 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 43 the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 44 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 45 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 46 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 47 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 48 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 49 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 50 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 【答案】 41．is considered 42．on 43．where 44．a 45．leaving 46．to hug 47．frightened 48．strangers 49．enjoyable 50．widely 【分析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。 41．考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。 42．考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。 43．考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。 44．考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。 45．考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。 46．考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。 47．考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。 48．考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。 49．考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。 50．考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。 6 Red envelopes have played 51 important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year? One popular story 52 (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 53 (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 54 (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 55 red envelopes. Another legend tells of a village 56 a demon (恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 57 (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 58 (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 59 (bright) , blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 60 (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver. 【答案】 51．an 52．dates 53．was called 54．death 55．with 56．where 57．causing 58．themselves 59．brightly 60．filled 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。 51．考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式，且important 的发音以元音音素开头，play an important part in... 意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。 52．考查时态。date back to意为“始于(某时期)，追溯到……年代”，根据上下文可知，该短语常用一般现在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。 53．考查时态和语态。根据下文中的 “ and was believed o protect elder people ”可知，空处应用一般过去时；This money和call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was called。 54．考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知，death与名词sickness是并列的关系，应填名词形式。故填death。 55．考查介词。此处为“replace A with B ”结构的被动形式，意为“用B替换A”。故填with。 56．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a village，它是表示地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以要且关系副词引导该从句，故填 where。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头，结果引起严重的疾病。根据语境可知，此处是表示顺理成章的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。 58．考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语要用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 59．考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。 60．考查非谓语动词。red envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”，所以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。 7 A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of 61 expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress 62 was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 63 (look) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress 64 (sell). The woman walked 65 of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, 66 a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 67 seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great 68 (difficult), he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she 69 (not)like it. She enjoyed 70 （she） making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 【答案】 61．an 62．that 63．looking 64．was sold 65．out 66．with 67．After 68．difficulty 69．didn’t 70．herself 【分析】本文为记叙文，文章主要介绍了一位女士去奢侈品店买裙子遭到不公正对待，于是第二天想出办法惩罚服务生的故事。 61．考查冠词。句意：一位穿蓝色牛仔裤的女士站在一家奢侈品店的窗玻璃前。此处表示一家奢侈品店，expensive的开头是元音所以用an。故填an。 62．考查定语从句的连词。句意：尽管她犹豫了一会，但最终还是走了进去要求看一下橱窗里的裙子。分析句子可知___2___  was in the window修饰dress，作定语，所以用关系词，在根据从句缺主语可知用关系代词，指物用which或that。故填that。 63．考查非谓语动词做状语。句意：轻蔑地看了她一下，服务员告诉这位女士裙子被卖出去了。分析句子可知此句的谓语为told， look应该做非谓语，在根据look 与he的关系是主动，可知应该用现在分词，故填looking。 64．考查被动语态。句意：轻蔑地看了她一下，服务员告诉这位女士裙子被卖出去了。裙子与卖是被动关系，根据文中时态可知用一般过去时。故填was sold。 65．考查介词。句意：这位女士生气地走出了商店，决定第二天惩罚一下服务员。走出商店用walk out of the shop， 故填out。 66．考查介词。句意：第二天早上这位女士穿着貂皮大衣回到了这家商店，一手拿着包，一手拿着伞。此处表示随手拿着，故填with。 67．考查介词。句意：找到前一天的那个服务生之后，她又要同一件裙子。因为要惩罚那个服务生，所以是先找到他，然后要同一件裙子，故填After。 68．考查名词。句意：他费力地爬进商店的橱窗去取裙子。with介词后要用名词。故填difficulty。 69．考查助动词。句意：她一看到裙子，就说她不喜欢它。此处是构成否定句，根据时态是过去时，所以助动词用did not，故填didn’t。 70．考查反身代词。句意：她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都最后才买下了她最先要看的那件衣服。enjoy oneself 玩得开心，故填herself。 8 Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 71 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 72 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 73 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 74 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 75 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 76 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 77 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 78 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 79 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 80 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 【答案】 71．nor 72．himself 73．which/that 74．lay 75．was admitted 76．of 77．saving 78．the 79．to awake 80．gently 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。 71．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 72．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用反身代词。故填himself。 73．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“　　3　　came into the yard”是定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。 74．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。 75．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。 76．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。 77．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填saving。 78．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。故填the。 79．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。 80．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。 9 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 81 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 82 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 83 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 84 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 85 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 86 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 87 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 88 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 89 the Navajo language. And the code, 90 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 【答案】 81．the 82．learned/learnt 83．their 84．had been broken 85．secrets 86．based 87．to keep 88．deaths 89．about 90．which 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。 81．考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。 82．考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 83．考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 84．考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。 85．考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。 86．考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。 87．考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。 88．考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。 89．考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。 90．考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。 10 A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, 91 (become)the official global representative of China’s giant pandas since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday. A Pu wears a red T-shirt 92 which an image of his favorite food—bamboo shoot—can be seen. The eyes of A Pu are heart shaped, suggesting emotions of love and caring. The image of A Pu 93 (select) from more than 2.023 works from 22 countries, won the China Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition. The image of A Pu will be 94 (wide) promoted as the official image of China’s giant pandas and will be a bridge 95 (connect) China with the rest of the world, the organizers said. “A Pu 96 (give) the identity of a young male panda who will soon be 97 freshman in college and loves playing table tennis.” according to the lead designer of the team creating A Pu. The image represents the new generation of Chinese 98 (youth) who are more connected to the international community, 99 also shows their characteristics—energetic, positive, 100 (confidence), and willing to share. 【答案】 91．has become 92．on 93．selected 94．widely 95．connecting 96．is given 97．a 98．youths 99．which/and 100．confident 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大熊猫的全球官方代表。 91．考查动词时态。句意：自上周三比赛组织者宣布这一消息以来，一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大熊猫的全球官方代表。根据时间状语since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday可知应用现在完成时，且主语为单数名词，故填has become。 92．考查介词。句意：A Pu穿着一件红色T恤，T恤上面印着他最喜欢的食物——竹笋。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词T-shirt，且根据短语on T-shirt“在T恤上”可知应填介词on。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：从22个国家，超过2023多幅作品中挑选出的A Pu的形象，赢得了中国大熊猫全球形象设计大赛。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语image构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。 94．考查副词。句意：主办方表示，A Pu的形象将被广泛宣传为中国大熊猫的官方形象，并将成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。promote为动词需要副词修饰，故填widely。 95．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故connect做非谓语动词与逻辑主语bridge构成主动关系，故填现在分词connecting。 96．考查动词时态语态。句意：“A Pu的身份是一只年轻的雄性熊猫，很快就要上大学了，喜欢打乒乓球。”本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且为一般现在时，故填is given。 97．考查冠词。句意同上。freshman为可数名词，且表示泛指“一个大学生”，故填不定冠词a。 98．考查名词的数。句意：这一形象代表了与国际社会联系更加紧密的新一代中国青年，也体现了他们的特点——精力充沛、积极向上、自信、乐于分享。youth为可数名词，且根据下文定语从句who are more connected可知应填复数形式，故填youths。 99．考查连词。句意同上。本句可理解为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词The image，且在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。或填连词and与上文are more connected to the international community构成并列句。故填which/and。 100．考查形容词。句意同上。根据上文energetic, positive,可知应填形容词性，故填confident。 【点睛】非谓语动词是短文改错的常见考点，也是难点，考生应该从非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系上判断使用现在分词还是过去分词，如果是主谓关系常使用现在分词作伴随状语，原因状语、结果状语及目的状语等；如果是动宾关系，过去分词常作状语和定语，如第三小题，句意：从22个国家，超过2023多幅作品中挑选出的A Pu的形象，赢得了中国大熊猫全球形象设计大赛。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语image构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一：动词形式填空 2 考点二：词性转换填空 2 考点三：从句连接词填空 2 考点四：冠词介词填空 2 实战能力训练 4 1. 掌握基础语法规则 2. 理解句子结构和语境 3. 准确判断所需词性和形式 4. 规范书写答案 （一）考查内容全面性 学考语法填空题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语语法学习的多个重要方面。 时态语态：考查学生对各种时态和语态的掌握情况，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，以及主动语态和被动语态的正确运用。例如："Last year, a new bridge ______ (build) over the river." 这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，正确答案是"was built"，学生需要根据时间状语"last year"判断时态，根据主语和动词的关系判断语态。 非谓语动词：考查动词不定式、动名词和分词的正确使用。例如："______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful." 这里考查现在分词作状语，正确答案是"Seen"，表示被动关系。 词性转换：考查根据句子成分需要进行的词性转换能力。例如："The ______ (important) of learning English is obvious." 这里考查形容词转换为名词，正确答案是"importance"。 从句连接：考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的连接词使用。例如："This is the school ______ I studied five years ago." 这里考查定语从句关系词，正确答案是"where"。 冠词介词：考查冠词a, an, the的正确使用以及常用介词的搭配。例如："He goes to ______ school by bus every day." 这里考查零冠词的用法，正确答案是不填冠词。 （一）动词形式填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查动词在不同时态、语态和非谓语形式下的正确变形。例如："So far, we ______ (learn) over 2,000 English words." 这里考查现在完成时，正确答案是"have learned"，学生需要根据时间状语"so far"判断使用现在完成时。 解题技巧：首先分析句子结构，判断空白处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语、主语单复数等确定时态和语态。如果是非谓语动词，就要分析其在句中的成分，确定使用不定式、动名词还是分词形式。 答题注意事项：注意主谓一致，特别是第三人称单数形式。注意不规则动词的变化形式，如go-went-gone, write-wrote-written等。注意被动语态的构成形式be+过去分词。 （二）词性转换填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查根据句子成分需要进行词性转换的能力。例如："The children are playing ______ (happy) in the garden." 这里考查形容词转换为副词，正确答案是"happily"，因为需要副词修饰动词。 解题技巧：分析空白处在句中的成分，确定所需词性。如果修饰名词，通常需要形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，通常需要副词。注意一些常见的词缀，如-tion, -ment, -ness构成名词，-ful, -able构成形容词，-ly构成副词等。 答题注意事项：注意拼写变化，如happy→happily, true→truly等特殊变化。注意一些容易混淆的词性，如hard既是形容词又是副词，而hardly却是"几乎不"的意思。 （三）从句连接词填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查各类从句连接词的正确使用。例如："I will wait here ______ you come back." 这里考查时间状语从句连接词，正确答案是"until"。 解题技巧：分析从句类型，如果是定语从句，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分；如果是状语从句，要根据逻辑关系选择连接词；如果是名词性从句，要注意连接词在从句中是否充当成分。 答题注意事项：注意that在定语从句和名词性从句中的不同用法。注意what不能引导定语从句。注意状语从句中连接词的词义区别，如because, since, as都表示原因，但语气不同。 （四）冠词介词填空 考查形式及示例：学考会考查冠词和介词的基本用法和固定搭配。例如："He is good ______ playing basketball." 这里考查介词固定搭配，正确答案是"at"。 解题技巧：对于冠词，要区分特指和泛指，注意单数可数名词前必须加冠词。对于介词，要掌握常见介词的基本含义，更要记忆固定搭配。 答题注意事项：注意零冠词的使用情况，如三餐、球类运动、学科名称前通常不用冠词。注意一些容易混淆的介词，如in, on, at表示时间的区别。 例题精练，举一反三 1. So far, we ______ (learn) over 3,000 English words. 2. The book ______ (write) by a famous author last year is very popular. 3. If I ______ (be) you, I would accept that job offer. 4. He made a suggestion that we ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 5. By the time we arrived, the film ______ already ______ (begin). 6. It is important for us ______ (protect) the environment. 7. The more you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 8. I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together in the countryside. 9. Not only ______ he like English, but he also speaks it very well. 10. The teacher told us that light ______ (travel) faster than sound. 11. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a garden. 12. This is the most interesting novel that I ______ ever ______ (read). 13. He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he ______ (lie) down. 14. I'm looking forward to ______ (receive) your letter. 15. It was in this park ______ we first met each other. 16. The problem requires ______ (deal) with immediately. 17. Hardly ______ he arrived home when it began to rain. 18. The children are playing ______ (happy) in the garden. 19. It is no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk. 20. She suggested that we ______ (start) early the next day. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 The first step of ice 1 (fish) is getting the net, which is usually over two kilometers long, ready to put under the ice. Then the workers will put the net down at a 2 (choose) spot, and take it up in the distance of the vast lake. 3 this is actually achieved is an interesting process. First, a series of holes are drilled into the ice about a meter and a half thick. They drill a hole every 50 meters or so and they’ll keep doing that until they’ve drilled the holes the entire way around a circle with a diameter (直径) of two kilometers. Meanwhile, another team gets to work, 4 (extend) the main hole using a(n) 5 (convention) ice pick. Eventually, a long piece of bamboo will 6 (employ) to thread the rope of the net into the next hole they have drilled 50 meters away. And these guys will continue like that around the entire outside of the circle until the rope 7 (reach) the other side of the circle two kilometers away. At the same time, back at the main hole, the net is being lowered slowly 8 surely, meter by meter until it’s 9 (complete) submerged under the ice. In the distance, the diggers have reached the other side of the circle and are now working on digging the hole that the net will eventually come out 10 . 2 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 11 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 12 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 13 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 14 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 15 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 16 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 17 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 18 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 19 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 20 the series were first launched. 3 There are moments in life 21 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 22 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 23 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 24 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 25 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 26 (happy) people don't 27 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 28 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 29 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 30 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 4 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 31 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 32 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 33 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 34 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 35 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 36 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 37 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 38 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 39 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 40 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 5 Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting. In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 41 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 42 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 43 the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 44 universal rule. During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 45 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 46 (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 47 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 48 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well. Wouldn’t it be 49 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 50 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding. 6 Red envelopes have played 51 important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year? One popular story 52 (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 53 (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 54 (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 55 red envelopes. Another legend tells of a village 56 a demon (恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 57 (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 58 (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 59 (bright) , blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 60 (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver. 7 A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of 61 expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress 62 was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 63 (look) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress 64 (sell). The woman walked 65 of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, 66 a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 67 seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great 68 (difficult), he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she 69 (not)like it. She enjoyed 70 （she） making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 8 Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome, 71 would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 72 (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 73 came into the yard． Once when his master was sick, Fido 74 (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 75 (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 76 him than ever． Fido even had a chance of 77 (save) his master's life． His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly 78 dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 79 ( awake) his master． As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 80 ( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well． 9 Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 81 Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 82 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 83 （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 84 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 85 （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 86 （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 87 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 88 （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 89 the Navajo language. And the code, 90 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific. 10 A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, 91 (become)the official global representative of China’s giant pandas since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday. A Pu wears a red T-shirt 92 which an image of his favorite food—bamboo shoot—can be seen. The eyes of A Pu are heart shaped, suggesting emotions of love and caring. The image of A Pu 93 (select) from more than 2.023 works from 22 countries, won the China Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition. The image of A Pu will be 94 (wide) promoted as the official image of China’s giant pandas and will be a bridge 95 (connect) China with the rest of the world, the organizers said. “A Pu 96 (give) the identity of a young male panda who will soon be 97 freshman in college and loves playing table tennis.” according to the lead designer of the team creating A Pu. The image represents the new generation of Chinese 98 (youth) who are more connected to the international community, 99 also shows their characteristics—energetic, positive, 100 (confidence), and willing to share. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $