专题04 阅读理解 （知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（讲义，广东专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题04 阅读理解 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一：主旨大意题 2 考点二：细节理解题 2 考点三：推理判断题 2 考点四：词义猜测题 3 考点五：观点态度题 3 实战能力训练 8 1. 掌握快速阅读和理解主旨大意的能力 2. 理解文章细节和逻辑关系 3. 根据上下文推断词义和理解隐含意义 4. 把握作者观点态度和写作意图 学考阅读理解考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了不同类型文本的阅读和理解能力。 主旨大意：考查学生对文章整体内容的理解和概括能力。例如，要求学生选择最能概括文章主要内容的标题或选出文章的main idea。 细节理解：考查学生查找和理解文章中具体信息的能力。这类题目通常涉及时间、地点、人物、事件等具体细节。 推理判断：考查学生根据文章提供的信息进行合理推断的能力。需要学生理解文章的隐含意义，读出"字里行间"的意思。 词义猜测：考查学生通过上下文线索猜测生词词义的能力。要求学生根据语境、构词法或逻辑关系推断词语含义。 观点态度：考查学生理解作者观点、态度和写作意图的能力。需要学生辨别作者的情感倾向和写作目的。 （一）主旨大意题 考查形式及示例：学考阅读理解常考查对文章整体内容的把握。常见提问方式有： What is the main idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? Which is the best title for the passage? 解题技巧：重点关注文章的首段和尾段，以及各段的主题句；注意重复出现的关键词；排除过于具体或片面的选项。 答题注意事项：避免选择只涉及文章部分内容的选项；注意区分主要观点和次要细节；标题类题目要选择能全面概括文章内容的选项。 （二）细节理解题 考查形式及示例：考查对文章中具体信息的理解。常见提问方式有： According to the passage, when/where/who/what... Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true? 解题技巧：先阅读问题，确定需要查找的信息；运用scanning技巧快速定位相关信息；仔细对比选项与原文的表述。 答题注意事项：注意选项中的同义替换；警惕绝对化表述如never, always等；注意数字、时间等具体信息的准确性。 （三）推理判断题 考查形式及示例：考查根据文章信息进行合理推断的能力。常见提问方式有： What can we infer from the passage? The author probably believes that... What would happen if... 解题技巧：基于文章提供的事实进行合理推断；注意文章的隐含意义；结合常识但不过度依赖个人经验。 答题注意事项：推断必须有理有据，避免凭空猜测；区分事实和观点；注意作者的语气和用词。 （四）词义猜测题 考查形式及示例：考查通过上下文理解词义的能力。常见提问方式有： The word "..." in Paragraph X probably means... What does the underlined word "..." refer to? 解题技巧：分析词语所在的句子结构；寻找上下文中的同义词、反义词或解释性语句；利用构词法知识分析词根词缀。 答题注意事项：选择使句子意思通顺的选项；验证所选词义是否符合上下文逻辑；注意一词多义现象。 （五）观点态度题 考查形式及示例：考查理解作者观点和态度的能力。常见提问方式有： What is the author's attitude towards...? What is the purpose of this passage? 解题技巧：注意表达观点态度的词汇如should, must, unfortunately等；分析作者的用词倾向；考虑文章的体裁和写作背景。 答题注意事项：区分作者观点和文中人物的观点；注意中立的表述与带有感情色彩的表述；避免将自己的观点强加给作者。 解题步骤指导： 第一步：快速浏览文章，了解文章体裁和主要内容，注意标题、小标题和首尾段。 第二步：阅读问题，明确题目要求，标注关键词。 第三步：带着问题细读文章，定位相关信息，做好标记。 第四步：分析选项，排除干扰项，选择最佳答案。 第五步：检查答案，确保选项与文章内容一致。 时间分配建议：建议用8-10分钟完成一篇阅读理解，其中2-3分钟用于快速阅读和理解文章大意，4-5分钟用于答题，1-2分钟用于检查。 例题精练，举一反三 阅读下列短文，回答问题1-5： The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. It is composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometers. The reef is home to a great diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species. However, climate change poses the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Rising sea temperatures cause coral bleaching, which has already destroyed large sections of the reef. Other threats include pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. Australian tourism B. The Great Barrier Reef C. Coral bleaching D. Marine pollution 2. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? A. Off the coast of Queensland B. In the Pacific Ocean C. Near Sydney D. In South Australia 3. What is mentioned as the greatest threat to the reef? A. Overfishing B. Pollution C. Climate change D. Coastal development 4. The word "vulnerable" in the first paragraph most probably means ______. A. strong B. weak C. dangerous D. beautiful 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The reef is getting larger B. The reef is in danger C. The reef has no problems D. The reef is man-made 阅读下列短文，回答问题6-10： Tom was a hardworking student who always aimed for excellence. Every day after school, he would spend at least two hours reviewing what he had learned and preparing for the next day's lessons. His classmates often wondered how he managed to maintain such high grades while still participating in various extracurricular activities. The secret to Tom's success was his excellent time management skills. He made detailed schedules and stuck to them strictly. He also knew when to take breaks to refresh his mind. "Balance is the key," Tom often said when asked about his success. 6. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Tom's family life B. Tom's success secret C. School activities D. Classmates' opinions 7. How long did Tom study after school each day? A. One hour B. At least two hours C. Thirty minutes D. Three hours 8. What was Tom's secret to success? A. Having rich parents B. Time management skills C. Good luck D. Special talents 9. The word "extracurricular" in the first paragraph refers to activities that ______. A. happen during class B. are outside regular curriculum C. are very difficult D. require special permission 10. What can we learn from Tom's story? A. Only smart people can succeed B. Hard work alone leads to success C. Proper planning is important for success D. Students shouldn't take breaks 阅读下列短文，回答问题11-15： The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information. Before this invention, books were copied by hand, which was time-consuming and expensive. The printing press made books more affordable and accessible to common people. This technological advancement had profound effects on society. It contributed to the spread of new ideas during the Renaissance and played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation. More people learned to read, and knowledge was no longer limited to the wealthy and powerful. 11. What is the best title for this passage? A. Life of Johannes Gutenberg B. The History of Books C. Effects of the Printing Press D. The Renaissance Period 12. Before the printing press, how were books produced? A. By machines B. By printing C. By hand copying D. By computers 13. What was one major effect of the printing press? A. Books became more expensive B. Fewer people learned to read C. Knowledge spread more widely D. The wealthy lost power 14. The word "profound" in the second paragraph means ______. A. small B. deep C. temporary D. negative 15. The author's attitude towards the printing press is ______. A. negative B. positive C. neutral D. unclear 阅读下列短文，回答问题16-20： Many people believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and recent research supports this view. Studies show that people who eat breakfast tend to have better concentration and productivity throughout the morning. They are also less likely to overeat later in the day. However, what you eat for breakfast matters too. A balanced breakfast including protein, whole grains, and fruits provides sustained energy. On the other hand, sugary cereals or pastries may give you quick energy but lead to a crash later. 16. What is the main point of the first paragraph? A. Breakfast foods are expensive B. Breakfast improves daily performance C. People skip breakfast often D. Breakfast causes weight gain 17. According to the passage, people who eat breakfast ______. A. eat more at lunch B. have better concentration C. need more sleep D. exercise less 18. What type of breakfast is recommended? A. Sugary cereals B. Pastries C. Balanced meal D. Only fruits 19. The word "sustained" in the second paragraph means ______. A. quick B. continuous C. weak D. sudden 20. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To advertise breakfast foods B. To entertain readers with stories C. To inform about breakfast benefits D. To criticize modern eating habits 1 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “ holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 2 According to a new USDA (the U. S. Department of Agriculture) report, U. S. forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying (腐烂) trees go above their carbon absorption. Forests could become a‌ “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying its ecosystem and decreasing its ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, a professor in the School of Geography at the University of Leeds. ‌“Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. ‌“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. ‌“As we work to decarbonize, forests are one of the greatest tools. If we were to lose that tool, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions,” Riley said. 5．What is the main finding of the report from Paragraph 1? A．Forests are suffering from chemical pollution. B．Forests could contribute to global warming. C．Forests are being destroyed by natural disasters. D．Forests have become substantial carbon absorbers. 6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 7．What is Simon Lewis’ suggestion on addressing the problem? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Cleaning up decaying trees in time. C．Planting trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forests. 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To offer suggestions on forest management. B．To stress the significance of forest protection. C．To present the efforts made to reach net zero. D．To show the carbon emissions from coal power plants. 3 When she was found off the coast of California four years ago, the fur seal, known as Ziggy Star, was skinny and fragile. She was unfit to return to the wild. And though a professional rescue team took her in to care for her, Ziggy continued to decline. “I wouldn’t have given her next week,” says Uriarte, a surgeon who led a recent first-of-its-kind brain operation on the seal. The operation was the first of its kind to treat hydrocephalus in fur seals. The surgical team at Tufts was unable to find any documented evidence of a similar procedure, so they needed a lot of preparation to operate on Ziggy’s brain. The biggest concern in operating on Ziggy was how to control the animal’s anesthesia (麻醉). “When they’re under anesthesia their body’s reaction includes decreasing their heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing,” says Flower, who observes Ziggy and the other animals’ care, describing the special challenges of operating on seals. On the day of the surgery, Flower says that she and her team “were all quite anxious not knowing what would happen”. Moving quickly was extremely important; the longer she was under anesthesia, the more likely that she could lose her breathing, says the surgeon. The seal has been kept on land to prevent water from entering the cut on her head. Now, Ziggy is eating a full diet and is beginning to gain weight again. “Recently I’ve allowed her to go swimming,” says Flower. However, the source of Ziggy’s neurological disorder (神经紊乱) is still a mystery. “My theory is that when she was found, she had a head injury,” Uriarte says. “Hit by a boat maybe...That happens a lot with seals.” Flower is less willing to guess. “I don’t think there’s enough information to make that assumption. We just don’t know what happened to her.” 9．When first found, Ziggy Star looked ________. A．thin and weak B．active and excited C．bloody and fierce D．strong and energetic 10．What was the most challenging task on the day of the operation? A．Helping the seal regain her breathing. B．Using anesthesia properly on the seal. C．Making full preparations for the operation. D．Balancing the functions of the seal’s organs. 11．What can we learn about Ziggy after the operation? A．She is strong enough to live in the wild. B．She is suffering from a heart rate disorder. C．She has already become as heavy as before. D．She is recovering from the brain operation. 12．What is probably the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show humans’ love for a creature. B．To find out a way to operate on a seal. C．To remember an injured seal in danger. D．To explore the reasons for a seal’s injury. 4 As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion for helping others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first­hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to be changed. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September 2016, more than 130,000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the program to Algeria and Morocco. 13．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They made her decide to leave the country. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 14．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage. 15．Why did Toumi set up the Acacias for All program in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To help the children obtain a basic education. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To facilitate the protection of the farmland. 16．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Planting Trees of Native Species C．Holding back the Sahara D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa 5 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? 17．补全思维导图    18．What do you know about the dead polar bear? A．Its skin was seriously injured. B．Only bones of the dead body remained. C．It died because of the effects of climate change. D．It couldn’t adapt to the environment of Svalbard. 19．Why do the climate scientists give a warning? A．They have found more evidence. B．Climate change has brought disasters. C．They don’t want to find more dead animals. D．News reports deal with climate change wrongly. 20．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It is impossible to control carbon dioxide emissions. B．Greenhouse gas emission is the most serious problem now. C．Our planet will not be habitable for humans to live on. D．Both governments and individuals should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 6 Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species. Avoid harming the natural ecosystem in your backyard Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife. Have a greener lifestyle By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter. Buy products that are friendly to wildlife Don’t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them. Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work. 21．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To show the threats wildlife faces. B．To raise awareness of wildlife protection. C．To explain the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To introduce different ways to protect wildlife. 22．What is suggested in the passage to create wildlife-friendly areas? A．Building a bird or bat house. B．Using less water and fewer fuels. C．Donating money to organizations. D．Buying products made from endangered animals. 23．Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for a greener lifestyle? A．Providing food and shelter for wildlife. B．Taking showers for a shorter time. C．Keeping the room temperature low in winter. D．Turning off electric devices when not in use. 7 Museum of the Future Dubai When in Dubai, most of us associate this Emirates city with religion, cultural impact, entertainment, and iconic construction. The Museum of the Future Dubai is an exhibition space focusing on future technologies, innovative(创新的) services, and products. The Museum founded by the Dubai Future Foundation has three main features: green hill, building and space. The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. The museum has held several exhibitions since its opening in 2016. One of the impressive exhibition themes held in 2017 was “Climate Change Re-imagined: Dubai 2050”, which adopted a theme set in 2050 exploring how human beings could applaud and accept innovations despite global warming and climate change. The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. The outside of the building has windows forming an Arabic poem by Dubai’s ruler about the Emirate’s future. The words written on the Museum frontage(正面) are three quotes from Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The Museum is suitable for the entire family. You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. Future Heroes is an area only for kids, encouraging young citizens to imagine, design, and build through creativity activities. Come, prepare for a journey into the future by checking out the Museum of the Future. It is a cross-bridge between the past and the future and a great experience for all ages. 24．Why was the Museum built? A．To highlight Dubai’s culture. B．To promote developing technology. C．To invent domestic robots. D．To advertise for artificial intelligence. 25．What do we know about Killa Design architecture studio? A．It is intended for kids. B．It organizes different activities for families. C．Its theme is Climate Change Re-imagined. D．It has an awareness of the environmental protection. 26．What can visitors do in the Museum? A．Explore the space in the past. B．Deal with climate change successfully. C．Acquire some knowledge of biology. D．Meet Vice President and Prime Minister. 8 The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience, is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage. The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the position of the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18. 5 minutes, so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom. How often does this happen?A boomerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting. These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The theory says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult to see that [in the real world], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured (破裂) in a similar process. For that event, the initial shake triggered two other quakes, one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break. Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas, ”says Hicks. These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes, which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. “Naturally we’re not looking for it, we don’t expect it to exist,” Hicks says. Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.” 27．A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because ________. A．it moves at a super-fast speed B．it triggers several small quakes C．it releases immeasurable energy D．it shakes in two opposite directions 28．From the passage, we can learn that _________. A．the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted B．boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood C．boomerang events are commonplace in the real world D．common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs 29．What does the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．putting off B．coping with C．bringing about D．fighting against / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一：主旨大意题 2 考点二：细节理解题 2 考点三：推理判断题 2 考点四：词义猜测题 3 考点五：观点态度题 3 实战能力训练 9 1. 掌握快速阅读和理解主旨大意的能力 2. 理解文章细节和逻辑关系 3. 根据上下文推断词义和理解隐含意义 4. 把握作者观点态度和写作意图 学考阅读理解考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了不同类型文本的阅读和理解能力。 主旨大意：考查学生对文章整体内容的理解和概括能力。例如，要求学生选择最能概括文章主要内容的标题或选出文章的main idea。 细节理解：考查学生查找和理解文章中具体信息的能力。这类题目通常涉及时间、地点、人物、事件等具体细节。 推理判断：考查学生根据文章提供的信息进行合理推断的能力。需要学生理解文章的隐含意义，读出"字里行间"的意思。 词义猜测：考查学生通过上下文线索猜测生词词义的能力。要求学生根据语境、构词法或逻辑关系推断词语含义。 观点态度：考查学生理解作者观点、态度和写作意图的能力。需要学生辨别作者的情感倾向和写作目的。 （一）主旨大意题 考查形式及示例：学考阅读理解常考查对文章整体内容的把握。常见提问方式有： What is the main idea of the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about? Which is the best title for the passage? 解题技巧：重点关注文章的首段和尾段，以及各段的主题句；注意重复出现的关键词；排除过于具体或片面的选项。 答题注意事项：避免选择只涉及文章部分内容的选项；注意区分主要观点和次要细节；标题类题目要选择能全面概括文章内容的选项。 （二）细节理解题 考查形式及示例：考查对文章中具体信息的理解。常见提问方式有： According to the passage, when/where/who/what... Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true? 解题技巧：先阅读问题，确定需要查找的信息；运用scanning技巧快速定位相关信息；仔细对比选项与原文的表述。 答题注意事项：注意选项中的同义替换；警惕绝对化表述如never, always等；注意数字、时间等具体信息的准确性。 （三）推理判断题 考查形式及示例：考查根据文章信息进行合理推断的能力。常见提问方式有： What can we infer from the passage? The author probably believes that... What would happen if... 解题技巧：基于文章提供的事实进行合理推断；注意文章的隐含意义；结合常识但不过度依赖个人经验。 答题注意事项：推断必须有理有据，避免凭空猜测；区分事实和观点；注意作者的语气和用词。 （四）词义猜测题 考查形式及示例：考查通过上下文理解词义的能力。常见提问方式有： The word "..." in Paragraph X probably means... What does the underlined word "..." refer to? 解题技巧：分析词语所在的句子结构；寻找上下文中的同义词、反义词或解释性语句；利用构词法知识分析词根词缀。 答题注意事项：选择使句子意思通顺的选项；验证所选词义是否符合上下文逻辑；注意一词多义现象。 （五）观点态度题 考查形式及示例：考查理解作者观点和态度的能力。常见提问方式有： What is the author's attitude towards...? What is the purpose of this passage? 解题技巧：注意表达观点态度的词汇如should, must, unfortunately等；分析作者的用词倾向；考虑文章的体裁和写作背景。 答题注意事项：区分作者观点和文中人物的观点；注意中立的表述与带有感情色彩的表述；避免将自己的观点强加给作者。 解题步骤指导： 第一步：快速浏览文章，了解文章体裁和主要内容，注意标题、小标题和首尾段。 第二步：阅读问题，明确题目要求，标注关键词。 第三步：带着问题细读文章，定位相关信息，做好标记。 第四步：分析选项，排除干扰项，选择最佳答案。 第五步：检查答案，确保选项与文章内容一致。 时间分配建议：建议用8-10分钟完成一篇阅读理解，其中2-3分钟用于快速阅读和理解文章大意，4-5分钟用于答题，1-2分钟用于检查。 例题精练，举一反三 阅读下列短文，回答问题1-5： The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. It is composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometers. The reef is home to a great diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species. However, climate change poses the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Rising sea temperatures cause coral bleaching, which has already destroyed large sections of the reef. Other threats include pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. Australian tourism B. The Great Barrier Reef C. Coral bleaching D. Marine pollution 2. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? A. Off the coast of Queensland B. In the Pacific Ocean C. Near Sydney D. In South Australia 3. What is mentioned as the greatest threat to the reef? A. Overfishing B. Pollution C. Climate change D. Coastal development 4. The word "vulnerable" in the first paragraph most probably means ______. A. strong B. weak C. dangerous D. beautiful 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The reef is getting larger B. The reef is in danger C. The reef has no problems D. The reef is man-made 1. B 解析：主旨大意题。全文主要介绍大堡礁的基本情况和面临的威胁。 2. A 解析：细节理解题。第一段明确说明位于昆士兰海岸外。 3. C 解析：细节理解题。第二段首句提到气候变化是最大威胁。 4. B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文，与"endangered"并列，意为"脆弱的、易受伤害的"。 5. B 解析：推理判断题。从文章描述的多种威胁可以推断珊瑚礁处于危险中。 阅读下列短文，回答问题6-10： Tom was a hardworking student who always aimed for excellence. Every day after school, he would spend at least two hours reviewing what he had learned and preparing for the next day's lessons. His classmates often wondered how he managed to maintain such high grades while still participating in various extracurricular activities. The secret to Tom's success was his excellent time management skills. He made detailed schedules and stuck to them strictly. He also knew when to take breaks to refresh his mind. "Balance is the key," Tom often said when asked about his success. 6. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Tom's family life B. Tom's success secret C. School activities D. Classmates' opinions 7. How long did Tom study after school each day? A. One hour B. At least two hours C. Thirty minutes D. Three hours 8. What was Tom's secret to success? A. Having rich parents B. Time management skills C. Good luck D. Special talents 9. The word "extracurricular" in the first paragraph refers to activities that ______. A. happen during class B. are outside regular curriculum C. are very difficult D. require special permission 10. What can we learn from Tom's story? A. Only smart people can succeed B. Hard work alone leads to success C. Proper planning is important for success D. Students shouldn't take breaks 6. B 解析：主旨大意题。全文主要介绍Tom的成功秘诀。 7. B 解析：细节理解题。第一段明确说明每天至少学习两小时。 8. B 解析：细节理解题。第二段首句说明时间是成功秘诀。 9. B 解析：词义猜测题。extracurricular指"课外的"。 10. C 解析：推理判断题。从Tom的时间管理可以推断合理规划很重要。 阅读下列短文，回答问题11-15： The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information. Before this invention, books were copied by hand, which was time-consuming and expensive. The printing press made books more affordable and accessible to common people. This technological advancement had profound effects on society. It contributed to the spread of new ideas during the Renaissance and played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation. More people learned to read, and knowledge was no longer limited to the wealthy and powerful. 11. What is the best title for this passage? A. Life of Johannes Gutenberg B. The History of Books C. Effects of the Printing Press D. The Renaissance Period 12. Before the printing press, how were books produced? A. By machines B. By printing C. By hand copying D. By computers 13. What was one major effect of the printing press? A. Books became more expensive B. Fewer people learned to read C. Knowledge spread more widely D. The wealthy lost power 14. The word "profound" in the second paragraph means ______. A. small B. deep C. temporary D. negative 15. The author's attitude towards the printing press is ______. A. negative B. positive C. neutral D. unclear 11. C 解析：主旨大意题。全文主要讨论印刷机的影响。 12. C 解析：细节理解题。第一段说明之前是手抄书籍。 13. C 解析：细节理解题。第二段说明知识传播更广泛。 14. B 解析：词义猜测题。profound意为"深刻的、深远的"。 15. B 解析：观点态度题。作者描述了印刷机的积极影响。 阅读下列短文，回答问题16-20： Many people believe that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and recent research supports this view. Studies show that people who eat breakfast tend to have better concentration and productivity throughout the morning. They are also less likely to overeat later in the day. However, what you eat for breakfast matters too. A balanced breakfast including protein, whole grains, and fruits provides sustained energy. On the other hand, sugary cereals or pastries may give you quick energy but lead to a crash later. 16. What is the main point of the first paragraph? A. Breakfast foods are expensive B. Breakfast improves daily performance C. People skip breakfast often D. Breakfast causes weight gain 17. According to the passage, people who eat breakfast ______. A. eat more at lunch B. have better concentration C. need more sleep D. exercise less 18. What type of breakfast is recommended? A. Sugary cereals B. Pastries C. Balanced meal D. Only fruits 19. The word "sustained" in the second paragraph means ______. A. quick B. continuous C. weak D. sudden 20. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To advertise breakfast foods B. To entertain readers with stories C. To inform about breakfast benefits D. To criticize modern eating habits 16. B 解析：主旨大意题。第一段主要说明早餐对上午表现的改善作用。 17. B 解析：细节理解题。第一段明确说明吃早餐的人注意力更集中。 18. C 解析：细节理解题。第二段推荐均衡早餐。 19. B 解析：词义猜测题。sustained意为"持续的"。 20. C 解析：写作目的题。作者目的是告知读者早餐的好处。 1 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “ holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述美国兽医威廉·法伯在从针灸中受益后，将整体医学疗法应用于动物疾病，取得了显著成效并具有很好的发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.(如果他显得有点戒备，那可能是因为就连他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他那些与众不同的做法)”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，认为他很奇怪。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后他尝试了针灸疗法，这是一种古老的中国疗法。令他惊讶的是，经过两到三次治疗后，他的病情有了明显好转。对兽医有效的疗法似乎对他的宠物也同样有效。于是，在研究了相关技术几年之后，他开始向宠物们提供这种疗法)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷达勒的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。查理心脏病发作后，廷达勒本打算让他安乐死，但法伯的治疗让查理的痛苦减轻了许多，于是她得以让查理多活了五个月。普里西拉·杜因报道说，她的马“行动更加自如，骑起来也更加舒适”了，这是因为它接受了脊椎按摩治疗)”可知，本段主要讲述了整体医学疗法的有效性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(法伯坚信，这种整体治疗的方法会随着时间的推移而越来越受到人们的青睐。而且从过去的情况来看，他或许是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医疗协会的会员人数已从30人增加到了超过700人)”可知, 法伯认为整体医学疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国整体兽医协会的会员从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 2 According to a new USDA (the U. S. Department of Agriculture) report, U. S. forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying (腐烂) trees go above their carbon absorption. Forests could become a‌ “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying its ecosystem and decreasing its ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U. S. forests are rapidly aging. This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation (开采). The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis, a professor in the School of Geography at the University of Leeds. ‌“Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. ‌“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.” U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U. S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. ‌“As we work to decarbonize, forests are one of the greatest tools. If we were to lose that tool, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions,” Riley said. 5．What is the main finding of the report from Paragraph 1? A．Forests are suffering from chemical pollution. B．Forests could contribute to global warming. C．Forests are being destroyed by natural disasters. D．Forests have become substantial carbon absorbers. 6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem. B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters. C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. 7．What is Simon Lewis’ suggestion on addressing the problem? A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions. B．Cleaning up decaying trees in time. C．Planting trees on a large scale. D．Limiting the exploitation of forests. 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To offer suggestions on forest management. B．To stress the significance of forest protection. C．To present the efforts made to reach net zero. D．To show the carbon emissions from coal power plants. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国农业部的一份报告指出美国森林可能加剧全球变暖，分析了其原因并强调了保护森林的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to a new USDA (the U. S. Department of Agriculture) report, U. S. forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older.(美国农业部最新报告指出，由于遭受自然灾害破坏，加上森林老龄化导致吸收温室气体的能力衰退，美国森林可能会加剧全球变暖)”可知，报告的主要发现是美国森林可能会加剧全球变暖。故选B项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.(碳吸收能力的下降部分是由自然灾害驱动的，如野火、龙卷风和飓风，随着全球气温的上升，这些灾害的频率和强度都在增加)”以及“Aging forests also contribute.(老化的森林也造成了影响)”可知，第二段主要讨论了森林吸收碳能力下降的原因，包括自然灾害和森林老化。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中Simon Lewis所说的“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.(我们需要减少化石燃料排放，以免全球碳循环开始对我们不利)”可知，Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放来解决这个问题。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“U. S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U. S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report.(根据这份报告，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量)”以及Riley所说的“As we work to decarbonize, forests are one of the greatest tools. If we were to lose that tool, it means we will contribute that much more in emissions(当我们努力实现脱碳时，森林是最重要的工具之一。如果我们失去了这个工具，那就意味着我们的排放量会增加)”可知，作者在最后一段中告诉我们：美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排放量，森林是实现脱碳最重要的工具之一，如果我们失去了这个工具，那就意味着我们的排放量会增加，强调了保护森林的重要性。故选B项。 3 When she was found off the coast of California four years ago, the fur seal, known as Ziggy Star, was skinny and fragile. She was unfit to return to the wild. And though a professional rescue team took her in to care for her, Ziggy continued to decline. “I wouldn’t have given her next week,” says Uriarte, a surgeon who led a recent first-of-its-kind brain operation on the seal. The operation was the first of its kind to treat hydrocephalus in fur seals. The surgical team at Tufts was unable to find any documented evidence of a similar procedure, so they needed a lot of preparation to operate on Ziggy’s brain. The biggest concern in operating on Ziggy was how to control the animal’s anesthesia (麻醉). “When they’re under anesthesia their body’s reaction includes decreasing their heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing,” says Flower, who observes Ziggy and the other animals’ care, describing the special challenges of operating on seals. On the day of the surgery, Flower says that she and her team “were all quite anxious not knowing what would happen”. Moving quickly was extremely important; the longer she was under anesthesia, the more likely that she could lose her breathing, says the surgeon. The seal has been kept on land to prevent water from entering the cut on her head. Now, Ziggy is eating a full diet and is beginning to gain weight again. “Recently I’ve allowed her to go swimming,” says Flower. However, the source of Ziggy’s neurological disorder (神经紊乱) is still a mystery. “My theory is that when she was found, she had a head injury,” Uriarte says. “Hit by a boat maybe...That happens a lot with seals.” Flower is less willing to guess. “I don’t think there’s enough information to make that assumption. We just don’t know what happened to her.” 9．When first found, Ziggy Star looked ________. A．thin and weak B．active and excited C．bloody and fierce D．strong and energetic 10．What was the most challenging task on the day of the operation? A．Helping the seal regain her breathing. B．Using anesthesia properly on the seal. C．Making full preparations for the operation. D．Balancing the functions of the seal’s organs. 11．What can we learn about Ziggy after the operation? A．She is strong enough to live in the wild. B．She is suffering from a heart rate disorder. C．She has already become as heavy as before. D．She is recovering from the brain operation. 12．What is probably the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To show humans’ love for a creature. B．To find out a way to operate on a seal. C．To remember an injured seal in danger. D．To explore the reasons for a seal’s injury. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了加州海岸发现的海狗Ziggy Star因身体虚弱无法回归野外，医护人员为其进行首例脑积水手术并助其恢复的故事。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When she was found off the coast of California four years ago, the fur seal, known as Ziggy Star, was skinny and fragile.(四年前，当这只名为Ziggy Star的海狗在加利福尼亚海岸被发现时，它又瘦又虚弱。)”可知，Ziggy Star刚被发现时看起来又瘦又弱。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The biggest concern in operating on Ziggy was how to control the animal’s anesthesia (麻醉). “When they’re under anesthesia their body’s reaction includes decreasing their heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing,” says Flower, who observes Ziggy and the other animals’ care, describing the special challenges of operating on seals.(给Ziggy做手术最大的顾虑是如何控制这只动物的麻醉。“当它们处于麻醉状态时，身体反应包括心率、血压和呼吸下降，”Flower说，她负责观察Ziggy和其他动物的护理，描述了给海豹做手术的特殊挑战。)”可知，手术当天最具挑战性的任务是对海豹正确使用麻醉。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now, Ziggy is eating a full diet and is beginning to gain weight again. “Recently I’ve allowed her to go swimming,” says Flower.(现在，Ziggy饮食正常，体重开始回升。“最近我允许她去游泳了，”Flower说。)”可知，Ziggy手术后正在从脑部手术中恢复。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，文章讲述了救援团队救助海狗Ziggy Star，为其进行首例脑积水手术并精心照料助其恢复的过程，体现了人类对动物的关爱，因此作者写这篇文章的目的可能是展示人类对生物的爱。故选A项。 4 As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion for helping others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first­hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to be changed. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September 2016, more than 130,000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the program to Algeria and Morocco. 13．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They made her decide to leave the country. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 14．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage. 15．Why did Toumi set up the Acacias for All program in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To help the children obtain a basic education. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To facilitate the protection of the farmland. 16．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Planting Trees of Native Species C．Holding back the Sahara D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sarah Toumi从小受父亲影响，立志帮助他人，在目睹突尼斯土地沙漠化的严重问题后，她积极采取行动，通过建立可持续农业项目来对抗沙漠化，保护农田的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passion for helping others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. (从9岁起，每逢节假日，她就会陪突尼斯裔的父亲回到该国东部的老家。在那里，她对帮助他人的热情被点燃了。她为当地的孩子们组织作业辅导俱乐部和各种活动)”可知，Toumi在假期跟随父亲回到突尼斯的经历激发了她帮助他人的热情。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (平均降雨量的减少和干旱程度的加剧，导致突尼斯估计有75%的农田受到沙漠化的威胁)”可知，突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因是降雨量低。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“She moved to Tunisia, and set up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” (她搬到了突尼斯，并设立了一个名为“全民金合欢”的项目，以将她的可持续农业理念付诸实践。“我想向农村地区的年轻人展示，他们可以就地创造机会。没有人比那些生活在缺水环境中的人更能理解荒漠化和气候变化的影响。”)”以及第五段中“Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (Toumi估计，保护突尼斯的农田需要大约300万棵金合欢树)”可知，Toumi在突尼斯设立“全民金合欢”项目是为了通过种植金合欢树来保护农田，对抗沙漠化。故选D项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Toumi witnessed first­hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.”(图米亲眼目睹了沙漠化的破坏性影响。“短短10年间，富裕的农民生活变得更糟了，而从现在起再过10年，他们将会陷入贫困。我想阻止撒哈拉沙漠继续扩张”)”以及根据最后一段中 “By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia's farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民的成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金合槐。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是主人公图米在9岁时，在一次陪伴爸爸去突尼斯旅游的过程中激发了她要帮助当地人热情，由此创立了 “Acacias for All”项目，改善当地农田，坚持与撒哈拉沙漠作斗争，实践其可持续农业的理念。C选项“与撒哈拉沙漠作斗争” 符合文章标题。故选C。 5 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? 17．补全思维导图    18．What do you know about the dead polar bear? A．Its skin was seriously injured. B．Only bones of the dead body remained. C．It died because of the effects of climate change. D．It couldn’t adapt to the environment of Svalbard. 19．Why do the climate scientists give a warning? A．They have found more evidence. B．Climate change has brought disasters. C．They don’t want to find more dead animals. D．News reports deal with climate change wrongly. 20．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It is impossible to control carbon dioxide emissions. B．Greenhouse gas emission is the most serious problem now. C．Our planet will not be habitable for humans to live on. D．Both governments and individuals should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 【答案】17． cause extra greenhouse gases consequences solutions 18．C 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了全球变暖的一些证据，全球变暖的原因以及影响，并提出了减少温室气体排放的解决方案。 17．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? (那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？)”可知，第三段主要讲的是全球平均地表温度上升的原因，第一空意为“原因”，是cause，用单数；根据第三段“When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly. (当人们燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。)”可知，温室效应就是产生大量的额外的温室气体，第二空意为“额外的温室气体”，是extra greenhouse gases；根据第四段的“There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. (有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人命损失。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是温度上升的后果，因此第3空意为“后果”，是consequence，不止一个，因此空格处用复数；根据第五段“Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是减少温室气体排放的办法，第4空意为“解决办法”，是solution，不止一个，因此空格处用复数。故填cause，extra greenhouse gases，consequences，solutions。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段“An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. (一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置来看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。)”和第三段“Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. (专家称，气候变化导致海冰水平下降，这意味着北极熊不能像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它必须跋涉更远的距离才能找到食物。)”可知，那只死去的北极熊死于气候变化的影响。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.  Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人命损失。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去，我们将付出更高的代价。)”可知，气候学家要发出警告是因为气候变化带来了灾难。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。)”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出政府和个人都应该努力减少温室气体的排放。故选D。 6 Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species. Avoid harming the natural ecosystem in your backyard Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife. Have a greener lifestyle By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter. Buy products that are friendly to wildlife Don’t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them. Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work. 21．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To show the threats wildlife faces. B．To raise awareness of wildlife protection. C．To explain the importance of wildlife conservation. D．To introduce different ways to protect wildlife. 22．What is suggested in the passage to create wildlife-friendly areas? A．Building a bird or bat house. B．Using less water and fewer fuels. C．Donating money to organizations. D．Buying products made from endangered animals. 23．Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for a greener lifestyle? A．Providing food and shelter for wildlife. B．Taking showers for a shorter time. C．Keeping the room temperature low in winter. D．Turning off electric devices when not in use. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了如何通过小行动保护野生动物的建议。 21．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. (以下是一些关于如何通过小行动保护野生动物的建议。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍保护野生动物的不同方法。故选D。 22．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. (当你试图让你的花园更美丽时，你可以选择能为当地野生动物提供食物和住所的植物)”可知，文章中建议创建野生动物友好区的方法是建造鸟屋或蝙蝠屋。故选A。 23．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.(通过使用更少的水和更少的燃料，你将有助于保护你周围的野生动物。如果可以的话，坐公共汽车或地铁，不使用时关掉电器，淋浴时间缩短，冬天把房间的温度保持在68华氏度或以下)”可知，这里提到了使用更少的水和更少的燃料、淋浴时间缩短以及冬天把房间的温度保持在68华氏度或以下。因此，为了更环保的生活方式，没有提到的行动是为野生动物提供食物和住所。故选A。 7 Museum of the Future Dubai When in Dubai, most of us associate this Emirates city with religion, cultural impact, entertainment, and iconic construction. The Museum of the Future Dubai is an exhibition space focusing on future technologies, innovative(创新的) services, and products. The Museum founded by the Dubai Future Foundation has three main features: green hill, building and space. The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. The museum has held several exhibitions since its opening in 2016. One of the impressive exhibition themes held in 2017 was “Climate Change Re-imagined: Dubai 2050”, which adopted a theme set in 2050 exploring how human beings could applaud and accept innovations despite global warming and climate change. The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. The outside of the building has windows forming an Arabic poem by Dubai’s ruler about the Emirate’s future. The words written on the Museum frontage(正面) are three quotes from Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The Museum is suitable for the entire family. You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. Future Heroes is an area only for kids, encouraging young citizens to imagine, design, and build through creativity activities. Come, prepare for a journey into the future by checking out the Museum of the Future. It is a cross-bridge between the past and the future and a great experience for all ages. 24．Why was the Museum built? A．To highlight Dubai’s culture. B．To promote developing technology. C．To invent domestic robots. D．To advertise for artificial intelligence. 25．What do we know about Killa Design architecture studio? A．It is intended for kids. B．It organizes different activities for families. C．Its theme is Climate Change Re-imagined. D．It has an awareness of the environmental protection. 26．What can visitors do in the Museum? A．Explore the space in the past. B．Deal with climate change successfully. C．Acquire some knowledge of biology. D．Meet Vice President and Prime Minister. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了迪拜未来博物馆的特点、目的以及提供的体验。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. (博物馆的目标是推动技术发展，特别是在机器人和人工智能领域。)”可知，博物馆的主要目标是促进科技的发展，特别是机器人技术和人工智能领域，故选B项。 25．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. (未来博物馆由Killa Design建筑工作室设计，旨在展示其在房地产中的环保水平。)”可知，Killa Design建筑工作室有强烈的环保意识。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. (你将见证热带雨林的生物多样性，帮助你发现新物种。)”在博物馆里，参观者可以见证雨林的生物多样性，帮助他们发现新物种，这意味着他们可以获得生物学方面的知识。故选C项。 8 The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience, is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage. The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the position of the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18. 5 minutes, so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom. How often does this happen?A boomerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting. These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The theory says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult to see that [in the real world], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured (破裂) in a similar process. For that event, the initial shake triggered two other quakes, one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break. Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas, ”says Hicks. These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes, which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. “Naturally we’re not looking for it, we don’t expect it to exist,” Hicks says. Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.” 27．A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because ________. A．it moves at a super-fast speed B．it triggers several small quakes C．it releases immeasurable energy D．it shakes in two opposite directions 28．From the passage, we can learn that _________. A．the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted B．boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood C．boomerang events are commonplace in the real world D．common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs 29．What does the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．putting off B．coping with C．bringing about D．fighting against 【答案】27．D 28．B 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“回旋镖地震”的研究进展和潜在危害。这种地震的特点是在传播过程中会改变方向，产生更广泛的强烈震动。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. (地震产生的强烈震动通常集中在地震传播的方向上。但回旋镖地震可能会将强烈的震动扩散到更大的区域。)”同时根据第二段中“By examining the position of the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. (伦敦帝国理工学院(Imperial College London)的地震学家、这项新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬·希克斯(Stephen Hicks)通过研究震中的位置和每个震动阶段释放的能量，确定了地震的两个步骤：地震最初向东移动，但随后又向西转回。)”可知，一个回旋镖地震可能将强烈的震动传播到更广泛的区域，最新的回旋镖地震先向东移动，但随后又向西转回，因此回旋镖地震的震动方向会改变，先朝一个方向，然后转向相反的方向。因此，回旋镖地震与其他地震的主要区别在于它在两个相反的方向上震动。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.”(然而，对于地震来说，复杂性似乎是常态，而不是例外。正如希克斯所说：“我们对地震的观察越细致，当然就会看到更奇怪的东西。”)”可知，这表明回旋镖地震非常复杂，难以完全理解。故选B。 29．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to…(了解这些“回旋镖地震”事件发生的时间和原因对于……)”以及划线词后面的内容“... risks earthquakes present.(……存在地震风险。)”以及后文中“Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas(这样的研究帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系)”可知，研究回旋镖地震帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系即研究回旋镖地震能够有助于我们处理或者解决目前地震存在的危险。故划线词与B选项“coping with(处理，解决)”为同义词。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $