内容正文:
七年级英语上册
Unit 3核心知识点
【重点单词】
(一)名词
hall(礼堂;大厅)
we have a meeting in the hall.(我们在礼堂开会。)
building(建筑物;房子)
there are many buildings in our city.(我们城市有许多建筑物。)
field(场地;田地 [新义 n. 领域;界])
they play football on the field.(他们在场地踢足球。)
he works in the field of science.(他在科学领域工作。)
flag(旗;旗帜)
there is a flag on the pole.(杆子上有一面旗。)
seat(座位)
please take your seat.(请就座。)
office(办公室)
the teacher is in the office.(老师在办公室里。)
bookcase(书架;书柜)
there are many books in the bookcase.(书架里有许多书。)
locker(有锁存物柜;寄物柜)
we put our bags in the lockers.(我们把包放在寄物柜里。)
drawer(抽屉)
she keeps her keys in the drawer.(她把钥匙放在抽屉里。)
screen(屏幕;银幕 [新义 v. 遮蔽 n. 屏风])
we watch movies on the screen.(我们在屏幕上看电影。)
the trees screen the house.(树木遮蔽着房子。)
there is a screen in the room.(房间里有一个屏风。)
whiteboard(白板;白色书写板)
the teacher writes on the whiteboard.(老师在白板上写字。)
corner(角;墙角;街角 [新义 n. 偏僻的地区;困境])
the cat is in the corner of the room.(猫在房间的角落里。)
he lives in a corner of the city.(他住在城市的一个偏僻地区。)
he is in a corner now.(他现在陷入困境。)
centre(=center)(中心;中央)
the square is the centre of the city.(广场是城市的中心。)
(二)动词
raise(使升高;提高)
he raises his hand.(他举起手。)
send(发送;邮寄)
i send a letter to my friend.(我给朋友寄了一封信。)
(三)形容词
large(大的;大号的)
this is a large room.(这是一个大房间。)
similar(类似的;相像的)
these two pictures are similar.(这两幅画很相像。)
smart(智能的;聪明的)
the phone is smart.(这部手机很智能。)
he is a smart boy.(他是一个聪明的男孩。)
important(重要的)
education is important.(教育很重要。)
modern(现代的;当代的)
we live in a modern world.(我们生活在一个现代世界。)
delicious(美味的;可口的)
the food is delicious.(食物很美味。)
special(特别的;特殊的 [新义 n. 特色菜])
this is a special day.(这是特别的一天。)
the restaurant has many specials.(这家餐厅有许多特色菜。)
amazing(令人惊奇(惊喜或惊叹)的)
the view is amazing.(景色令人惊叹。)
(四)代词
yours(通常写作 yours,用于书信结尾的签名前)你的;您的
yours sincerely.(您真诚的。)
(五)兼类词
across(adv. & prep. 在(……)对面;横过)
the shop is across the street.(商店在街对面。)
he walks across the bridge.(他走过桥。)
notice(n. 通知;注意 v. 注意到;意识到)
there is a notice on the wall.(墙上有一个通知。)
i notice a bird in the tree.(我注意到树上有一只鸟。)
most(adj. & pron. 大多数;最多;最大 adv. 最)
most students like english.(大多数学生喜欢英语。)
this is the most interesting book.(这是最有趣的书。)
change(v. & n. 改变;变化)
she changes her hair style.(她改变了发型。)
there are many changes in the city.(城市有许多变化。)
sound(v. 听起来;好像 n. 声音;响声 [新义 adj. 酣畅的;完好的,无损伤的])
the music sounds good.(音乐听起来不错。)
we hear a sound outside.(我们听到外面有声音。)
he had a sound sleep.(他睡得很香。)
the machine is sound.(机器完好无损。)
【重点短语】
dining hall(餐厅)
we have lunch in the dining hall.(我们在餐厅吃午饭。)
in front of(在…… 前面(外部))
the tree is in front of the house.(树在房子前面。)
across from(在对面)
the bank is across from the hotel.(银行在酒店对面。)
sports field(运动场)
we play football on the sports field.(我们在运动场踢足球。)
put up(张贴;搭建)
he puts up a picture on the wall.(他在墙上张贴一幅画。)
they put up a tent.(他们搭建了一个帐篷。)
at the back (of)(在(……)后面)
the classroom is at the back of the school.(教室在学校后面。)
at school(在学校)
he studies at school.(他在学校学习。)
do exercises(做体操)
we do exercises every morning.(我们每天早上做体操。)
be different from(与…… 不一样)
this book is different from that one.(这本书与那本不一样。)
be similar to(与…… 类似的 / 相像的)
my bag is similar to yours.(我的包与你的相像。)
bye for now(再见)
bye for now, see you later.(再见,回头见。)
in the front of(在…… 前面(内部))
the teacher is in the front of the classroom.(老师在教室前面。)
【重点句型】
what is your school like?
例句:what is your home like?(你的家是什么样子的?)
where's the dining hall?
例句:where's the library?(图书馆在哪里?)
it's in front of the art building.
例句:it's in front of the library.(它在图书馆前面。)
the student centre is between the library and the gym.
例句:the park is between the school and the hospital.(公园在学校和医院之间。)
there's a smart whiteboard next to the blackboard.
例句:there's a desk next to the window.(窗户旁边有一张书桌。)
oh, and there's another blackboard at the back of the classroom.
例句:oh, and there's a bookcase at the back of the classroom.(哦,并且在教室的后面还有一个书架。)
are there any lockers in the classroom?
例句:are there any computers in the classroom?(教室里有电脑吗?)
how is your new school different from your old one?
例句:how is your new house different from your old one?(你的新房子与旧房子有何不同?)
how about your school?
例句:how about your home?(你的家怎么样?)
what is/are... like?
例句:what is the park like?(公园是什么样子?)
where is/are...?
例句:where is the teacher?(老师在哪里?)
in front of/behind/next to/across from...
例句:the shop is behind the bank.(商店在银行后面。);the chair is next to the table.(椅子在桌子近旁。);the cinema is across from the park.(电影院在公园对面。)
between... and...
例句:the house is between the river and the mountain.(房子在河流和山脉之间。)
is/are there (any)... in the school?
例句:is there any grass in the school?(学校里有草吗?)
there is/are... at the back of...
例句:there is a garden at the back of the house.(房子后面有一个花园。)
how is... different from...?
例句:how is this car different from that one?(这辆汽车和那辆有何不同?)
it's a special way to do sth.
例句:it's a special way to solve the problem.(这是一种解决问题的特别的方法。)
how about...?
例句:how about going for a walk?(去散步怎么样?)
welcome to...
例句:welcome to our school.(欢迎来到我们学校。)
【重点语法】
(一)there be 句型
there be 句型是英语中常用的句型,意思是 “有”,表示 “某地 / 某时有某人 / 某物”。
用法及结构
肯定句:there be + 名词(主语)+ 地点状语 / 时间状语。there be 句型属于倒装句,主语通常放在谓语后面,be 动词为谓语。be 动词应根据主语的单复数而变化。若主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词,be 动词用单数;若主语是可数名词复数,则 be 动词用复数。
例句:there is a book on the desk.(书桌上有一本书。);there is some water in the glass.(杯子里有些水。);there are 30 students in our class.(我们班有 30 名学生。)
be 动词的 “就近原则”:若有两个或两个以上的主语,be 动词的数应与离其最近的那个主语保持一致。
例句:there is a pen and two pencils in the box.(盒子里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。);there are two pencils and a pen in the box.(盒子里有两支铅笔和一支钢笔。)
否定句:直接在 be 动词后加 not,其一般现在时结构为 there is/are + not + 名词(主语)+ 地点状语 / 时间状语。
例句:there isn't a book on the desk.(书桌上没有一本书。);there aren't 30 students in our class.(我们班没有 30 名学生。)
一般疑问句:要将 be 动词放在句首,其他词顺序不变,其一般现在时结构为 is/are + there + 名词(主语)+ 地点状语 / 时间状语?肯定回答为 yes, there is/are.;否定回答为 no, there isn't/aren't.
例句:—is there a book on the desk? —yes, there is.(— 书桌上有一本书吗?— 是的,有。);—are there 30 students in our class? —no, there aren't.(— 我们班有 30 名学生吗?— 不,没有。)
特殊疑问句:一般现在时的特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词(组)+ 名词 + is/are + there + 地点状语”,有时地点状语可省略。答语不能用 yes 或 no,需根据实际情况直接回答。
例句:—how many books are there on the desk? —three.(— 书桌上有多少本书?— 三本。)
注意事项
there be 句型的肯定句中若有 some,变为否定句或一般疑问句时,应将 some 改为 any。there be 结构不可与 have/has 同时使用。
(二)方位介词
in, outside, between 与 among
介词 in:意为“在…… 里面”,表示在物体内部的位置。
例句:he puts his phone in the pocket.(他把手机放进衣兜。)
介词 outside:意为“在…… 外面”,表示在物体外部的位置,与 “in” 相对。
例句:what did you see outside the school?(你在学校外面看见了什么?)
介词 between:意为“在…… 之间”,特指在两者之间,常与 “and” 搭配使用。
例句:the shop is between the hospital and the hotel.(商店位于医院和酒店之间。)
介词 among:意为“在…… 之间”,特指在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。
例句:there is a flower among the leaves.(树叶中有一朵花。)
on, above, over, below 与 under
介词 on:意为“在…… 上面”,强调物体表面相互接触,比如物品放在平面上。
例句:there is a cup on the table.(桌子上有一个杯子。)
介词 above:意为“在…… 上方”,表示位置高于某个物体,但两者不接触,且不一定在正上方。
例句:the plane flies above the clouds.(飞机在云层上方飞行。)
介词 over:意为“在…… 正上方”,表示位置在某个物体的正上方,两者不接触,与 “under” 相对。
例句:the light is over the desk.(灯在书桌正上方。)
介词 below:意为“在…… 下方”,表示位置低于某个物体,两者不接触,不一定在正下方,与 “above” 相对。
例句:please write above this line, not below.(请写在这条线上面,不是下面。)
介词 under:意为“在…… 正下方”,表示位置在某个物体的正下方,两者不接触,与 “over” 相对。
例句:the cat is under the chair.(猫在椅子正下方。)
near, by/beside 与 next to
介词 near:意为“在…… 附近”,表示距离较近,但没有明确的 “紧邻” 含义。
例句:the park is near my home.(公园在我家附近。)
介词 by/beside:两者都意为“靠近,在…… 旁边”,距离比 “near” 更近,强调 “相邻” 的状态,可互换使用。
例句:she sits by/beside her mother.(她坐在她妈妈旁边。)
介词 next to:意为“紧挨着”,表示距离最近,几乎没有空隙,比 “by/beside” 距离更近。
例句:the post office is next to the bank.(邮局紧挨着银行。)
on the other side of 与 across from
介词 on the other side of:意为“在…… 的另一边”,强调从某个物体的一侧到另一侧的位置,比如穿过道路、山脉等后的另一边。
例句:the village is on the other side of the mountain.(村庄在山的另一边。)
介词 across from:意为“在…… 的对面”,特指在道路、河流、广场等相对的一侧,位置正对面。
例句:the cinema is across from the supermarket.(电影院在超市对面。)
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