内容正文:
八年级英语上册
Unit 3核心知识点
【重点单词】
(一)名词
character(人物;个性)
the main character in this novel is very brave.(这本小说里的主角非常勇敢。)
difference(差异)
there are many differences between the two cars.(这两辆车之间有很多差异。)
fact(事实;现实)
it's a fact that the earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转是个事实。)
situation(情况;状况)
we need to think about how to deal with this difficult situation.(我们需要思考如何应对这个困难的情况。)
friendship(友谊;友情)
true friendship lasts forever.(真正的友谊地久天长。)
appearance(外表;露面)
don't judge a person by their appearance.(不要以貌取人。)
humour(=humor)(幽默;幽默感)
he has a great sense of humour and always makes us laugh.(他很有幽默感,总是逗我们笑。)
prize(奖;奖励)
she won a prize for her excellent performance in the competition.(她因在比赛中的出色表现赢得了一个奖项。)
similarity(相似之处)
can you find any similarities between these two pictures?(你能找出这两幅画的相似之处吗?)
prince(王子)
in the fairy tale, the prince saved the princess.(在童话故事里,王子救了公主。)
personality(性格;品质)
her cheerful personality makes her popular among her friends.(她开朗的性格使她在朋友中很受欢迎。)
mirror(镜子)
she looked at herself in the mirror and smiled.(她看着镜子里的自己笑了。)
pleasure(乐事;愉快;荣幸)
it's my pleasure to help you with your homework.(帮你做作业是我的荣幸。)
metre(=meter)(米)
this rope is five metres long.(这根绳子五米长。)
congratulation(祝贺;恭喜)
send my congratulations to your sister on her success.(向你妹妹的成功表示我的祝贺。)
population(人口)
the population of this city is increasing rapidly.(这个城市的人口正在快速增长。)
accident(意外;(交通)事故)
he had a car accident yesterday, but luckily he wasn't hurt badly.(他昨天出了车祸,但幸运的是伤得不重。)
opinion(看法;意见)
in my opinion, this movie is worth watching.(在我看来,这部电影值得一看。)
novel(小说 [新义 adj. 新颖的])
i'm reading an interesting novel these days.(这些天我正在读一本有趣的小说。)
km(=kilometre;kilometer)(千米;公里)
the distance from my home to school is about five km.(我家到学校的距离大约是五公里。)
(二)动词
compare(比较;对比)
compare this photo with that one, and you'll find the differences.(把这张照片和那张比较一下,你就会发现不同之处。)
perform(表演;执行)
the band will perform at the concert tomorrow night.(乐队明晚将在音乐会上表演。)
solve(解决;解答)
we need to solve this math problem before class ends.(我们得在下课前解决这道数学题。)
attend(参加;出席)
did you attend the meeting yesterday?(你昨天参加会议了吗?)
expect(预料;期待)
i expect to see great changes in our city in the next few years.(我期待在未来几年看到我们城市的巨大变化。)
reach(伸手;到达)
he reached out his hand to catch the falling book.(他伸手去接掉落的书。)
touch(触动;触碰 [新义 v. 掠过;从事;抵得过])
the story touched the hearts of many people.(这个故事触动了很多人的心。)
(三)形容词
shy(害羞的)
the little girl is too shy to speak in front of strangers.(这个小女孩太害羞了,不敢在陌生人面前说话。)
lazy(懒惰的;懒洋洋的)
he is a lazy boy and never does his homework on time.(他是个懒惰的男孩,从不按时做作业。)
outgoing(外向的)
my best friend is very outgoing and has a lot of friends.(我最好的朋友很外向,有很多朋友。)
hard - working(勤奋的)
she is a hard - working student and always gets good grades.(她是个勤奋的学生,总是取得好成绩。)
serious(严肃的;严重的)
the teacher has a serious expression when he talks about study.(老师谈论学习时表情很严肃。)
slim(苗条的;薄的)
she keeps a healthy diet to stay slim.(她保持健康的饮食来保持苗条。)
honest(坦诚的;诚实的)
an honest person never tells lies.(诚实的人从不说谎。)
pleasant(宜人的;友好的)
we had a pleasant talk about our hobbies.(我们就爱好进行了愉快的交谈。)
direct(率直的;直接的 [新义 v. 把…… 对准])
he gave a direct answer to the question without hesitation.(他毫不犹豫地直接回答了这个问题。)
(四)兼类词
silver(adj. 银色的 n. 银)
she wears a silver necklace which looks very beautiful.(她戴着一条银色的项链,看起来很漂亮。)
sense(n. 理解力;感觉 v. 意识到;感觉到)
i sense that something is wrong with him.(我感觉到他有点不对劲。)
interest(n. 业余爱好;兴趣 v. 使感兴趣)
reading is one of my interests.(阅读是我的爱好之一。)
the movie interests me a lot.(这部电影让我很感兴趣。)
spare(adj. 空闲的;备用的 v. 抽出;拨出)
do you have any spare time this weekend?(这个周末你有空闲时间吗?)
can you spare me a few minutes to talk?(你能抽出几分钟和我谈谈吗?)
loud(adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的)
he speaks loud enough for everyone to hear.(他说话声音足够大,每个人都能听到。)
there was a loud noise outside.(外面有很大的噪音。)
alone(adj. & adv. 独自;单独)
she lives alone but never feels lonely.(她独自生活,但从不感到孤独。)
average(adj. 平均的;平常的 n. 平均数;平均水准)
the average temperature in july here is 30 degrees.(这里七月的平均温度是 30 度。)
his score is above the average.(他的分数高于平均分。)
less(adj. 较少的;更少的 adv. 较少地;更少地 pron. 较少;更少)
we need less sugar in the coffee.(我们的咖啡里需要更少的糖。)
he eats less than before to lose weight.(他为了减肥吃得比以前少了。)
【重点短语】
as... as...(像…… 一样……)
he runs as fast as his brother.(他跑得和他哥哥一样快。)
spare time(空闲时间)
i like to read books in my spare time.(我喜欢在空闲时间看书。)
have sth. in common(有共同之处)
they have a lot in common, so they become good friends.(他们有很多共同之处,所以成了好朋友。)
thanks to(归功于;由于;因为)
thanks to your help, i finished the work on time.(多亏了你的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)
make a mistake(犯错误)
everyone makes mistakes sometimes.(每个人有时候都会犯错误。)
by accident(偶然;意外地)
i found this old photo by accident when i was cleaning the room.(我打扫房间时偶然发现了这张旧照片。)
silver lining(一线光明)
every cloud has a silver lining. we should be optimistic.(黑暗中总有一线光明。我们应该乐观。)
care about(关心;担心)
parents always care about their children's safety.(父母总是关心孩子的安全。)
reach for(伸手触碰)
she reached for the book on the top shelf.(她伸手去够书架顶层的书。)
lend (sb.) a hand(帮助(某人))
can you lend me a hand with moving this box?(你能帮我搬这个箱子吗?)
take part in(参加)
we all took part in the sports meeting last week.(我们上周都参加了运动会。)
learn from(向…… 学习)
we should learn from those who are better than us.(我们应该向比我们优秀的人学习。)
for example(例如)
there are many fruits in the basket, for example, apples, bananas and oranges.(篮子里有很多水果,例如苹果、香蕉和橙子。)
because of(因为)
he was late for school because of the heavy traffic.(因为交通拥堵,他上学迟到了。)
a little(有点儿)
this soup is a little salty.(这汤有点儿咸。)
a sense of humour(幽默感)
a person with a good sense of humour is easy to get along with.(有良好幽默感的人很容易相处。)
make mistakes/a mistake(犯错误)
don't be afraid to make mistakes when you learn a new language.(学习新语言时不要害怕犯错误。)
be friendly to(对…… 友好)
the teacher is very friendly to all the students.(老师对所有学生都很友好。)
by accident/chance(偶然;意外地)
the discovery of this ancient city happened by accident.(这座古城的发现是偶然的。)
make a difference(起作用;有影响)
your support can make a big difference to this project.(你的支持对这个项目能有很大影响。)
be similar to(和…… 相似)
my new dress is similar to the one you have.(我的新裙子和你的那件很相似。)
compare... with/to...(把…… 与…… 作比较)
compare this new phone with the old one, and you'll see the improvements.(把这部新手机和旧手机比较一下,你就会看到改进之处。)
be different from(与…… 不同)
my lifestyle is different from my sister's.(我的生活方式和我姐姐的不同。)
in appearance(外貌上;看起来)
in appearance, the two twins look almost the same.(外貌上,这对双胞胎看起来几乎一样。)
solve the problem(解决问题)
we need to work together to solve the problem.(我们需要一起解决这个问题。)
first prize(一等奖)
he won the first prize in the singing competition.(他在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。)
【重点句型】
主语 + be 动词 / 行为动词 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + 比较对象.
tom is taller than jim.(汤姆比吉姆高。)
选择疑问句
which book do you like better, the storybook or the science book?(你更喜欢哪本书,故事书还是科学书?)
as... as...
this bag is as heavy as that one.(这个包和那个包一样重。)
thanks for...
thanks for helping me carry the luggage.(谢谢你帮我搬行李。)
if 引导的宾语从句
i wonder if he will come to the party tomorrow.(我想知道他明天是否会来参加聚会。)
【重点语法】:形容词、副词的原级和比较级
(一)原级
用于“主语 + be 动词 / 行为动词 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as + 比较对象.”,表示两者在某一方面相同。
this apple is as red as that one.(这个苹果和那个苹果一样红。)
she sings as well as her teacher.(她唱得和她老师一样好。)
用于“主语 + be 动词 + not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as + 比较对象.” 或 “主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't + 行为动词原形 + as/so + 副词原级 + as + 比较对象.”,表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。
this room isn't as big as that one.(这个房间不如那个房间大。)
he doesn't run as fast as his friend.(他跑得不如他朋友快。)
形容词、副词的原级前可用 very、quite、too 等副词修饰。
the flower is very beautiful.(这朵花非常漂亮。)
he drives quite carefully.(他开车很小心。)
the box is too heavy for me to carry.(这个箱子对我来说太重了,搬不动。)
(二)比较级
1、规则变化
直接在词尾加 - er:fast → faster;high → higher
以不发音的“e” 结尾的单词,加 - r:large → larger;late → later
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加 - er:big → bigger;hot → hotter
以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节单词,变 y 为 i,再加 - er:happy → happier;easy → easier
多音节单词和部分双音节单词在前面加 more:delicious → more delicious;important → more important
2、不规则变化
much/many → more;good/well → better;bad/badly → worse;far → farther/further;little → less;old → older/elder
3、用法
表示两者比较时,常用 than 连接。
the dog is bigger than the cat.(这只狗比那只猫大。)
有些词的比较级可以用 much、a little、even、far 等表示程度的词语修饰,用以加强语气。
this book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本书有趣得多。)
he is a little taller than his brother.(他比他哥哥高一点。)
表示“大几岁”“长几米” 之类的比较时,用 “数词 + 名词 + 比较级 + than”。
she is two years older than me.(她比我大两岁。)
the tree is three metres taller than that one.(这棵树比那棵树高三米。)
“比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”。
the weather is getting colder and colder.(天气变得越来越冷。)
“the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 表示 “越……,就越……”。
the harder you work, the better grades you will get.(你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。)
“the + 比较级 + of the two” 表示 “两者中比较…… 的”。
this is the more expensive of the two cars.(这是两辆车中比较贵的那辆。)
“比较级 + than any other + 单数名词” 表示 “比任何其他的…… 都……”。
china is larger than any other country in asia.(中国比亚洲任何其他国家都大。)
“which/who is + 比较级,a or b?” 是选择疑问句,意为 “a 和 b,哪个 / 谁更……?”。
who is taller, tom or jack?(汤姆和杰克,谁更高?)
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