Unit4 Then and now 背默梳理单2025-2026学年沪教五四制版八年级英语上册

2025学年八年级新教材U4 Then and now Part 1: P50—53 Getting started & viewing and listening 1. Then and now: 过去与现在，今昔 Then and Now of Beijing北京今昔 2. documentary: [ˌdɒkjuˈmentri] n. 纪录片; 纪录影片 3. comparison: [kəmˈpærɪsn] n. 比较;对比 a comparison article: 对照文章 4. community: [kəˈmjuːnəti] n. 社区 5. exhibition: [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] n. 展览;(技能、感情、行为等的)表现;展出 a photo exhibition: 摄影展 6. present: [ˈpreznt , prɪˈzent] n. 目前;现在;礼物;礼品 at present = now past and present: 过去与现在;古今; 7. memory: [ˈmeməri] n. 记忆力;记忆; Chongqing Memories: 重庆记忆 8. porter: [ˈpɔːtə(r)] n. (尤指火车站、机场或旅馆)行李员，搬运工;门卫 a mountain porter: 挑山工 9. tunnel: [ˈtʌnl] n. 隧道; 地道 10. the Yangtze River: ['jæŋzɪ] 长江 a boat on the Yangtze River: 长江一舟 Dongshuimen Yangtze River Bridge: 东水门长江大桥 11. the time expressions: [ɪksˈprɛʃənz] 时间表达法 11. seldom: [ˈseldəm] adv. 不常; 难得; 很少; 12. journey: [ˈdʒɜːni] n. 旅行;(尤指长途)行程; Many years ago, people seldom travelled by air but made long journeys by land or sea. 许多年前，人们很少乘坐飞机出行，出远门都是走陆路或水路。 13. nowadays: [ˈnaʊədeɪz] adv. 现今;目前;现在 14. truck: [trʌk] n. 卡车; 货运汽车 Nowadays, ships and planes transport goods from faraway places, and trucks take them to stores and homes. 如今，飞机和轮船将货物从遥远的地方运来，再由卡车将其运送至商店和千家万户。 15. wide: [waɪd] adj. 宽的;广泛的 wide rivers: 宽的河流 widely: adv. widen: v. 拓宽 (widen—widened—widened) 16. modern: [ˈmɒdn] adj. 现代的; 近代的 17. stay: [steɪ] n. 停留;逗留(时间) Tourists from all over the world come to Chongqing and enjoy their stay here. 世界各地的游客来到重庆，并在此流连忘返。 Part 2: P54--55 Speaking 1.attic: [ˈætɪk] n. 阁楼，顶楼; in the attic: 在阁楼上 2. great-grandma：[ɡreɪt ˈɡrænmɑː] 曾祖母 3. at the car boot sale: 在汽车尾箱集市 sale: [seɪl] n. 销售; 出售; on sale: 折价销售 sell: v. 卖，销售，（sell--sold-sold） 4. cassette tapes: [kəˈset teɪps] n. 盒式磁带; 录音带 5. a cassette player: 卡式录音机 6. inside: [ˌɪnˈsaɪd] prep. 在(或向)…内;在(或向)…里; You put the cassette inside the machine and music plays. 你把卡带放进机器里，音乐就会播放。 7. not…any more: 再与（不），不再 My cassette player doesn’t work any more. = My cassette player no more works. 我的录音机再也放不出声音了。 8. borrow: [ˈbɒrəʊ] v. 借; 借用 borrow sth from sb. 向某人借用某物 9. imagine: [ɪˈmædʒɪn] v. 想象; 设想 imagine doing 想象做某事 That’s hard to imagine. 很难想象 imagination: [ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn] n. 想象力 10. roll: [rəʊl] n. 卷; 卷轴 a roll of film: 一卷胶卷 11. record: [ˈrekɔːd] n. 记录，记载, 唱片 a record player: 唱机 break the record 打破纪录 [rɪˈkɔːd] v. 记录，录制，录(音) record the temperature: 记录温度 12. business: [ˈbɪznəs] n. 公司，商业;商务;生意 on business: 出差 A phone book has names, addresses and phone numbers of people and businesses. 电话簿里印有个人和商家的姓名、地址与电话号码。 13. chameleon: [kəˈmiːliən] n. 变色龙 chameleon words: 变色龙词汇 （含义会根据上下文或使用场景而改变的词语） 14. except: [ɪkˈsept] prep. 除…之外; Everyone in the family watched the film except Harry. 家里除了Harry，其他所有人都看了这部电影。（强调哈利没看） Everyone in the family watched the film besides Harry. 家里除了Harry看了这部电影，其他所有人也都看了。 15. belong to sb. 属于某人（无被动） The old record player belongs to him . 那台旧唱片机归他所有。 Part 3 P56—59 Reading 1.century: [ˈsentʃəri] n. 世纪; 百年; in the 19th-century Britain: 在19世纪的英国 2. Charles Dickens: [tʃɑ:lz ˈdikinz] 查尔斯·狄更斯 3. worst: [wɜːst] adj. 最差的，最坏的 bad/badly/ill –worse –worst 4. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..."（出自《A Tale of Two Cities》第一章）。‌‌"这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；这是智慧的年代，也是愚昧的年代" 这是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯长篇小说《双城记》的经典开篇句，通过对比修辞展现法国大革命时期的社会矛盾。 5.The 19th century saw great changes in Britain: 英国在19世纪经历了巨大的变革： saw：“经历”、“见证”或“发生”:（用一个时间、地点或事件作为句子的主语，来陈述在某时某地发生了什么事。） 6. industry: [ˈɪndəstri] n. 工业;行业; Industry grew fast and more jobs were created. 工业的快速发展催生了更多就业岗位。 7. progress: [ˈprəʊɡres] n. 进展; 进步; make great progress 取得大进步 Progress in technology make travel and communication much easier. 技术进步让旅行与通信变得更加便捷。 8.ordinary: [ˈɔːdnri] adj. 普通的; 平凡的; the lives of ordinary people 普通人的生活 9. dramatically: [drəˈmætɪk(ə)li] adv. 戏剧性地;巨大地，令人吃惊地，穾然地 The lives of ordinary people also changed dramatically, both for the better and for the worse. 平民百姓的生活亦经历了天翻地覆的改变，其影响好坏参半。 10. rarely: [ˈreəli] adv 很少;罕有;不常; 11. decade: [ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年; over the next few decades: 在接下来的几十年里 12. develop: [dɪˈveləp] v. 发展，开发, 培养 develop businesses: 发展商业 development: [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展;开发; the development of public transport: 公共交通的发展 13. condition: [kənˈdɪʃn] n. 状态，状况 living conditions: 生活条件 14. major: [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] adj. 主要的;重要的; n. 专业; 主修课程; 15. growth: [ɡrəʊθ] n. 增长，生长; Another major change was the growth of cities. 另一个重要的改变就是城市的增长。 16. countryside: [ˈkʌntrisaɪd] n. 乡村; 农村; 17. although: [ɔːlˈðəʊ] conj. 虽然; 尽管; 18. unpleasant: [ʌnˈpleznt] adj.令人不快的; 不舒服的; Although there were more new chances in the city, living conditions there were unpleasant for most people. 尽管城市中有更多新机遇，但对大多数人而言，那里的生活条件并不令人愉快。 19. bath: [bɑːθ] n. 洗澡; 浴缸 20. extremely: [ɪkˈstriːmli] adv. 极其;非常; The conditions outside the homes were also extremely bad. 户外的环境同样恶劣。 21. smelly: [ˈsmeli] adj. 有臭味的;有难闻气味的; The streets were dirty and smelly. 街道又脏又臭。 22. wealthy: [ˈwelθi] adj. 富有的;富裕的; 23. foreign: [ˈfɒrən] adj. 外国的; 外交的 a foreign language 一门外语 Children from wealthy families received education and were encouraged to learn music and foreign languages. 富裕家庭的子女能获得良好教育，同时还被鼓励学习音乐和外语。 24. mine: [maɪn] n. 矿; 矿井; pron. 我的东西 25. result in: 导致, 造成 =cause 26. severe: [sɪˈvɪə(r)] adj. 十分严重的; 极为恶劣的; 27. punish: [ˈpʌnɪʃ] v. 惩罚; 处罚 punishment: [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt] n. 惩罚; 处罚 They worked long hours in places like factories and mines, and even the smallest mistake could result in several punishments. 他们在工厂和矿场长时间辛苦劳作，但即便稍有过失，也会面临严惩。 28. aspect: [ˈæspekt] n. 方面;层面; 29. author: [ˈɔːθə(r)] n. 作者; 作家; What aspects of life in the 19th-century Britain does the author talk about in this article? 作者在文中谈及了19世纪英国生活的哪些方面？ Part 4 P60—63 Grammar in use & writing 1. concession: [kənˈseʃn] n. 让步; 特许权，优惠;妥协; adverbial clauses of concession: 让步状语从句 2. amusement parks: 游乐园 3. in person: 亲自、本人到场 Although we can go to amusement parks and watch films and TV shows, we don’t spend as much time with friends in person as children did in the past. 我们虽能去游乐园、观赏影视剧，但与朋友亲身共度的时间却不及从前的孩子。 4.social: [ˈsəʊʃl] adj. 社会的;社交的 society: [səˈsaɪəti] n. 社会 5. electricity: [ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti] n. 电; 电能 electric: [ɪˈlektrɪk] adj. 电的;电动的 6. heater: [ˈhiːtə(r)] n. 加热器;热水器 electric heaters: 电热器 7. burn: [bɜːn] v. 燃烧;烧 They burned wood to keep warm and had no machines to help with cooking or cleaning. 他们燃烧木柴来取暖，并且没有任何机器协助烹饪与清洁。 8. housework: 家务 do housework 做家务 9. children of different ages: 各年龄段的孩子 Part 5 P64—65 Discovery & Project 1. ancient: [ˈeɪnʃənt] adj. 古代的; 古老的 Modern technology has brought ancient books back for new readers. 现代技术让古籍得以重现，吸引了新的读者。 2.scanner: [ˈskænə(r)] n. 扫描仪; 3. laser: [ˈleɪzə(r)] n. 激光; 激光器; 4. tomb: [tuːm] n. 坟墓; 冢; 5. Kasubi: 卡苏比; Kasubi Tombs: 卡苏比王室陵墓 6. AR = augmented reality: [ɔːɡˌmentɪd riˈæləti] 增强现实(是一种将虚拟信息叠加到真实世界中的技术，通过计算机生成的感官输入（如声音、视频、图形或GPS数据）来增强我们对现实世界的感知)。VR(虚拟现实) 7. bring … to life: 使...生动起来；赋予...生命 bring ancient objects to life 让古物活起来 8. exist: [ɪɡˈzɪst] v.存在 Visitors could come face-to-face with digital animals that no longer exist in the real world. 游客可以亲身面对那些已在现实世界中绝迹的数字动物。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $