精品解析：北京市广渠门中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

北京市广渠门中学2025—2026学年度第一学期期中试题 高二年级英语学科 时间：90分钟 2025. 11 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长 90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Reagan, a book lover, looked up from his reading as the bell rang over the entrance to the bookstore. Puzzled, he watched for a minute as Darya ___1___ toward the counter as if to ask a question. It didn’t make sense that Darya, one of the school’s top athletes, was in a bookstore. Not wanting to be noticed, Reagan ___2___ found another book to read. He wouldn’t know what to say if she tried to start a conversation because he thought they two were too different to have anything to ___3___ . “Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his throat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe you can help me.” He doubted it, but he managed to choke out a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying to ___5___ a book on soccer skills. I won’t be able to go to camp over spring break, and I need to improve my game before the next season begins.” Reagan swallowed, then motioned randomly with his hands before he found his voice. “Sure. Over here.” He thought it would save confusion if he just ___6___ the way rather than try to point her in the right direction. As she followed him through the shelves, he dared to imagine they might not be so ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash of hope, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___ , one of Darya’s teammates appeared as if out of nowhere, urging her to finish any purchases, or they would be late for practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nothing had really changed; the differences would never let them bridge the gap, even if they tried. Instead, she turned to Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks for your help, and hey, maybe we could play soccer sometime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____ , a sign that perhaps the gap was not as insurmountable (跨越) as he’d thought. 1. A. wandered B. walked C. stare D. turned 2. A. apparently B. slightly C. quickly D. finally 3. A. talk about B. deal with C. carry out D. settle in 4. A. inspired B. reminded C. attacked D. surprised 5. A. locate B. figure C. gather D. deliver 6. A. controlled B. led C. designed D. made 7. A. particular B. unique C. different D. determined 8. A. Luckily B. Actually C. Slowly D. Unfortunately 9 A. warm B. forced C. crazy D. determined 10. A. congratulation B. invitation C. implication D. fortune 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Giant Panda National Park, ___11___ is located in Central China, stretches across Sichuan, Ningxia, and Shaanxi provinces. The national park is in development and will include 67 existing panda reserves. The giant panda is the symbol of China and one of the most ___12___ (adore)creatures across the globe. This national park features a population of 1,864 giant pandas and accounts for 80% of the Chinese giant panda population. Apart ___13___ the small number of pandas located in zoos around the world, all other giant pandas are found within China. B 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I wake up to the sound of the wind ____14____ (buffet) the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, ____15____ (tell) whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. ____16____ (check) my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a. m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, ____17____ (branch) of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. C 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look ____18____ (confuse) . I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. People have a tendency ___19___ (lean) towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head ____20____ (lower) to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，28分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race — it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits. Itinerary 17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin 18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day 19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option 20 May 2023 Race Day 21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party 22 May 2023 Farewell China ※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have. Rules & Regulations Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above. The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list. If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time. Visa Information 6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa. For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com. 21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day? A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk. C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course. 22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______. A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day. C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals 23. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour. C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest. B With the drugs that she created, Getrade Elion achieved her life’s mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion’s first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion’s final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion’s team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion’s name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24. What inspired Elion to go into medical research? A. Her grandfather’s death. B. Her teaching experience. C. A drug company’s influence. D. George Hitching’s encouragement. 25. What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion? A. Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B. Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C. Preventing the formation of bacteria. D. Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26. What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A. It should be put into use immediately. B. It might be harmful to human bodies. C. It could only have short-term effects. D. It could be used to fight many diseases 27. Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B. She discovered a life-saving drug. C. She obtained 45 patents. D. She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research C For decades gold miners have pillaged the rich Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios —considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve—home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 28. The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ________. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 29. How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 30. According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ________. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming D Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said. Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained. This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said. This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in. Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.” 31. Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1? A. To present how Finland viewed silence. B. To highlight the need of noise in Finland. C. To explain why Finland issued the brands. D. To indicate the authority of the Delegation. 32. What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi’s discovery? A. It challenged the calming effect of music. B. It emphasized the role of silence between sounds. C. It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence. D It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet. 33. As for Noora Vikman’s attitude to silence, the author is ________. A. doubtful B. supportive C. disapproving D. unconcerned 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Silence: A Limited Resource B. Silence: A Misunderstood Tool C. Silence: The Unexpected Power D. Silence: The Value by Contrasts 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. ____35____ ____36____ One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. ____37____ Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. ____38____ It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. ____39____ Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 第三部分 书面表达 (共三节，30分) 第一节 (共3小题；第40题2分，第41题2分，第42题3分，共7分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 40. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (共5小题；每空1分，共5分) 根据中文意思，使用括号内提示词完成句子，请在答题卡指定区域作答。 44. 这座公园像一个奇幻世界，吸引着每一位游客。 (appeal) The park is like a magical world, ________ every visitor. 45. 在公园内漫步时，游客可品尝到满足各种口味的美食。 (appetite) Wandering around the park, tourists can try ________________. 46. 公园范围内禁止非法狩猎。 (within) Hunting illegally is banned ________. 47. 在求职面试中，缺乏眼神交流可能会显得你缺乏自信。 (absence) In a job interview, ________ may show that you lack confidence. 48. 握手能有效消除隔阂。 (break) Shaking hands serves as an effective way ________. 第三节 (15分) 49. 写作：你朋友 Jim 要来北京游览，请你推荐一个值得游览的公园。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一个公园； 2. 说明推荐理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市广渠门中学2025—2026学年度第一学期期中试题 高二年级英语学科 时间：90分钟 2025. 11 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长 90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Reagan, a book lover, looked up from his reading as the bell rang over the entrance to the bookstore. Puzzled, he watched for a minute as Darya ___1___ toward the counter as if to ask a question. It didn’t make sense that Darya, one of the school’s top athletes, was in a bookstore. Not wanting to be noticed, Reagan ___2___ found another book to read. He wouldn’t know what to say if she tried to start a conversation because he thought they two were too different to have anything to ___3___ . “Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his throat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe you can help me.” He doubted it, but he managed to choke out a reply. “Me?” “I’m trying to ___5___ a book on soccer skills. I won’t be able to go to camp over spring break, and I need to improve my game before the next season begins.” Reagan swallowed, then motioned randomly with his hands before he found his voice. “Sure. Over here.” He thought it would save confusion if he just ___6___ the way rather than try to point her in the right direction. As she followed him through the shelves, he dared to imagine they might not be so ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash of hope, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___ , one of Darya’s teammates appeared as if out of nowhere, urging her to finish any purchases, or they would be late for practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nothing had really changed; the differences would never let them bridge the gap, even if they tried. Instead, she turned to Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks for your help, and hey, maybe we could play soccer sometime?” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____ , a sign that perhaps the gap was not as insurmountable (跨越) as he’d thought. 1. A. wandered B. walked C. stare D. turned 2. A. apparently B. slightly C. quickly D. finally 3. A. talk about B. deal with C. carry out D. settle in 4. A. inspired B. reminded C. attacked D. surprised 5. A. locate B. figure C. gather D. deliver 6. A. controlled B. led C. designed D. made 7. A. particular B. unique C. different D. determined 8. A. Luckily B. Actually C. Slowly D. Unfortunately 9. A. warm B. forced C. crazy D. determined 10. A. congratulation B. invitation C. implication D. fortune 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了爱读书的里根在书店偶遇学校顶尖运动员达莉亚的故事。里根原本认为两人差异巨大没有共同话题，却在帮助达莉亚寻找足球技巧相关书籍的过程中，收到了对方一起踢足球的邀请，意识到彼此的隔阂并非不可跨越。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：里根困惑地看了一会儿，达莉亚走向柜台，似乎想要问问题。A. wandered闲逛；B. walked走；C. stare凝视；D. turned转向。根据下文“toward the counter as if to ask a question”可知，达莉亚是朝着柜台“走”去，符合要询问问题动作逻辑，故选B。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：里根不想被注意到，迅速找了另一本书来读。A. apparently显然地；B. slightly轻微地；C. quickly迅速地；D. finally最终。根据上文“Not wanting to be noticed”可知，里根为了不被达莉亚发现，会“迅速地”找书掩饰自己，故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果她试图开启对话，他不知道该说什么，因为他认为两人差异太大，没有什么可谈论的。A. talk about谈论；B. deal with处理；C. carry out执行；D. settle in适应。根据上文“they two were too different”以及“start a conversation”可知，里根觉得差异大就没有可“谈论”的内容，与对话场景呼应，故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的问候让他吃了一惊，他意识到自己终究还是没躲开，喉咙一紧。A. inspired鼓舞；B. reminded提醒；C. attacked攻击；D. surprised使惊讶。根据上文“his breath caught in his throat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all”可知，里根本想躲开却被发现，达莉亚的问候让他“惊讶”，故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我在找一本关于足球技巧的书。”A. locate寻找，定位；B. figure认为；C. gather收集；D. deliver交付。根据下文原文“As she followed him through the shelves”可知，里根带领达莉亚找书，说明达莉亚是在书店“寻找”相关书籍，故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他觉得与其试着给她指明方向，不如直接带路，这样能避免混淆。A. controlled控制；B. led带领；C. designed设计；D. made制作。根据下文“As she followed him through the shelves”可知，里根是“带领”达莉亚穿过书架找书，“lead the way”为固定搭配，意为“带路”，故选B。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她跟着他穿过书架时，他大胆地想象，他们也许并没有那么不同。A. particular特别的；B. unique独特的；C. different不同的；D. determined坚定的。根据上文“he thought they two were too different”以及下文“the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray”的转折可知，此时里根觉得两人可能没那么“不同”，故选C。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，达莉亚的一个队友突然出现，催促她赶紧买完东西，否则训练就要迟到了。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Actually实际上；C. Slowly慢慢地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据上文“He felt a brief flash of hope, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. 可知，队友的出现打破了里根的期待，是“不幸地”，故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她带着温暖的笑容转向里根：“谢谢你的帮助，对了，也许我们改天可以一起踢足球？”A. warm温暖的；B. forced被迫的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. determined坚定的。根据下文“maybe we could play soccer sometime”的友好邀请可知，达莉亚的笑容是“温暖的”，体现了她的友善，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：里根又惊又喜，这个意外的邀请让他心潮澎湃，这表明也许两人之间的隔阂并不像他想象的那样不可跨越。A. congratulation祝贺；B. invitation邀请；C. implication暗示；D. fortune运气。根据上文“maybe we could play soccer sometime”可知，这是达莉亚发出的“邀请”，故选B。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Giant Panda National Park, ___11___ is located in Central China, stretches across Sichuan, Ningxia, and Shaanxi provinces. The national park is in development and will include 67 existing panda reserves. The giant panda is the symbol of China and one of the most ___12___ (adore)creatures across the globe. This national park features a population of 1,864 giant pandas and accounts for 80% of the Chinese giant panda population. Apart ___13___ the small number of pandas located in zoos around the world, all other giant pandas are found within China. 【答案】11. which 12. adorable 13. from 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大熊猫国家公园。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园位于中国中部，横跨四川、宁夏和陕西省。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Giant Panda National Park，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大熊猫是中国的象征，也是世界上最可爱的动物之一。one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，adore的形容词为adorable“可爱的”。故填adorable。 【13题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：除了为数不多的大熊猫在世界各地的动物园里，其他的大熊猫都在中国境内。apart from…除了……，固定短语，符合题意。故填from。 B 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 I wake up to the sound of the wind ____14____ (buffet) the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, ____15____ (tell) whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. ____16____ (check) my watch, I see that it is 7:30 a. m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, ____17____ (branch) of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. 【答案】14. buffeting 15. telling 16. Checking 17. branches 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在北极圈附近露营，清晨被风吹帐篷的声音叫醒，尽管太阳明亮照耀，但因处于极昼无法分辨昼夜，查看手表后发现是早上七点半，走出帐篷到山边，看到拉帕河的支流流过下方山谷。 【14题详解】 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我被风吹帐篷布的声音吵醒。wind与buffet之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作后置定语。故填buffeting。 15题详解】 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管太阳明亮地照耀着，但分辨是早上还是晚上是不可能的。此处需要名词性成分作主语，用动词tell的动名词形式。故填telling。 【16题详解】 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：看了看手表，我发现是早上七点半。主语I与check之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，表动作与see同时发生。句首单词首字母大写，故填Checking。 【17题详解】 4. 考查名词复数。句意：在我面前展开的是，拉帕河的支流流过下方的山谷。branch是可数名词，结合语境可知此处指多条支流，应用复数形式作主语。故填branches。 C 阅读短文并填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look ____18____ (confuse) . I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. People have a tendency ___19___ (lean) towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head ____20____ (lower) to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 【答案】18. confused 19. to lean 20. lowered 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文（片段）。文章介绍了通过观察他人表情和动作判断其状态的方法，以学生为例，说明学生听到笑话、难题以及对内容感兴趣或感到无聊时的不同表现，其中提到人们会倾向于向感兴趣的事物倾斜。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我讲笑话时，他们会笑。当我谈论困难的事情时，他们看起来很困惑。look为系动词，后接形容词作表语，此处描述人的感受，应用-ed形式的形容词confused，意为“感到困惑的”。故填confused。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们有一种倾向，会向他们感兴趣的任何事物倾斜。have a tendency to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“有做某事的倾向”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰tendency。故填to lean。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以如果一个学生低下头看手表，这意味着他很无聊，只是在数着下课的时间。his head与lower之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语，构成“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构，表示“使宾语处于某种被动状态”。故填lowered。 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，28分) 第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race — it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits. Itinerary 17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou Tianjin 18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day 19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option 20 May 2023 Race Day 21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party 22 May 2023 Farewell China ※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have. Rules & Regulations Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above. The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list. If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time. Visa Information 6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa. For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com. 21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day? A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk. C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course. 22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______. A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day. C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals 23. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour. C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛，包括比赛的行程、规则和条例以及签证信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Itinerary中的内容“All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.（所有的参赛者都将在马拉松、半程马拉松和8.5公里的趣味跑中走完这段3.5公里长的城墙。）”可知，参加者在路线检查日会参加3.5公里的步行。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Rules & Regulations中第三段中的第一句“If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time.（如果你决定在比赛中改变距离，也就是说，如果一个半程马拉松选手决定沿着马拉松路线跑，他或她将收到一个证书，但不是官方的时间。）”可知，按照规定，全程马拉松参赛者可以在比赛的过程中改变距离。故选B项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.（长城马拉松的设计不仅仅是一场比赛。我们希望您能够在令人惊叹的地方跑步，周围都是友好的人，并接触到新的文化体验。这不仅仅是关于比赛，而是关于与家人、朋友和其他有跑步精神的人一起享受时光。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是宣传本次的马拉松比赛，吸引人报名参与。因此A项“为体育赛事做广告”符合。故选A项。 B With the drugs that she created, Getrade Elion achieved her life’s mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion’s first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion’s final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion’s team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion’s name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24. What inspired Elion to go into medical research? A. Her grandfather’s death. B. Her teaching experience. C. A drug company’s influence. D. George Hitching’s encouragement. 25. What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion? A. Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B. Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C. Preventing the formation of bacteria. D. Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26. What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A. It should be put into use immediately. B. It might be harmful to human bodies. C. It could only have short-term effects. D. It could be used to fight many diseases 27. Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B. She discovered a life-saving drug. C. She obtained 45 patents. D. She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gertrude Elion的生平事迹及其在药物研发领域的重大贡献。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path.(Elion15岁的时候，她的祖父痛苦地死于癌症。这段经历决定了她的职业道路。)”可知，祖父的去世激励Elion从事医学研究。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease.(从所有细胞都需要核酸来繁殖的认识出发，他们推断，快速生长的细菌需要更多的核酸来保持生长的速度。找到一种方法来破坏它们的生命周期，你就找到了一种方法来阻止疾病。)”可知，根据Elion的说法，阻止疾病的关键是阻止细菌的形成。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body.(科学家们对发明药物对抗病毒表示怀疑：任何能杀死病毒的物质对人体都是有毒的。)”可知，其他科学家一开始担心阿昔洛韦可能对人体有害。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development.(虽然Elion的个人发现意义重大，但当她在1988年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖时，并不是因为一种特定的药物，而是因为一种新的、更合理的药物开发方法。)”可知，Elion会获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖是因为她开创了一种开发药物的新方法。故选A。 C For decades gold miners have pillaged the rich Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios —considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve—home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 28. The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ________. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 29. How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 30. According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ________. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯地区的非法采矿问题。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. (现在一项研究报告称，尽管当地政府努力遏制，但非法采矿仍在急剧增加，这正taking a heavy toll on生态系统)”及后文第四段“Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment (从岩石中提取黄金会污染环境)”和“Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery(矿工们经常用重型机械砍伐数千英亩的森林)”可知，非法采矿对生态系统产生了负面影响，因此“taking a heavy toll on”意为“对……产生负面影响”。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. (从岩石中提取黄金会污染环境。非法采矿活动通常使用液态汞，这是一种有毒化学物质，会渗入土壤或被燃烧后以有毒烟雾的形式释放。而非法采矿的后果远不止提取过程本身。矿工们经常用重型机械砍伐数千英亩的森林，在地表留下疤痕)”可知，非法采矿通过污染土地和砍伐森林来影响生态系统。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly, degraded in the years to come.”(“如果采矿趋势继续下去，”利亚克塔约说，“在未来几年，这些地区的许多地方将不可逆转地退化。”)”可知，威廉·利亚克塔约认为研究揭示的非法采矿持续增加的现象是令人担忧的。故选D。 D Finland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation (国家品牌代表团) has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource,” it said. Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological (生理学) effects of music. “We didn’t think about the effect of silence,” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal (兴奋),” he explained. This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two-minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,” he said. This finding is reinforced by neurological (神经系统的) research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious (意识的) workspace.” Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in. Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland’s marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren’t detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself.” 31. Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1? A. To present how Finland viewed silence. B. To highlight the need of noise in Finland. C. To explain why Finland issued the brands. D. To indicate the authority of the Delegation. 32. What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi’s discovery? A. It challenged the calming effect of music. B. It emphasized the role of silence between sounds. C. It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence. D. It stated brains’ information processing in the quiet. 33. As for Noora Vikman’s attitude to silence, the author is ________. A. doubtful B. supportive C. disapproving D. unconcerned 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Silence: A Limited Resource B. Silence: A Misunderstood Tool C. Silence: The Unexpected Power D. Silence: The Value by Contrasts 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“安静的状态有着意想不到的力量”为话题，详细讲述了研究人员对其重要作用的研究和发现，且通过人们的真实感受强调了安静给人带来的出人意料的好处。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读文章第一段内容可知，首句“Finland was known as a rather quiet country.(芬兰是一个相当安静的国家。)”为该段的主旨句，由此可推知，“In 2010, the Delegation issued a “Country Brand Report,” which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland’s famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence.(2010年，代表团发布了一份“国家品牌报告”，其中突出了一系列适销对路的主题，包括芬兰著名的教育体系。一个关键主题是全新的：安静。)”中提到的关键主题为“安静”，是为该段的主旨句提供论据，突出“安静”是芬兰的主题之一，因此它的作用是通过权威发布而展示芬兰如何看待安静。故选A项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. ‘Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation,’ he said.(安静似乎在对比中得到了加强，也许是因为它让测试对象从仔细的关注中得到了释放。他说：“也许这种兴奋是一种将思想集中在一个方向上的东西，所以当没有更多的兴奋时，你会有更深的放松。”)”可知，通过研究，他发现了安静作为声音间隔时对测试对象有很大的影响，与声音对比下的安静反而让人有更深的放松。由此可推知，他的发现强调了安静在声音之间的作用。故选B项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾部分作者引用Noora Vikman的话“If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself. (如果你想了解自己，你必须和自己在一起，和自己讨论，并且能够和自己交谈。)”可知，Noora Vikman通过住在一个偏僻安静的地方亲身感受到了安静独处才能认识自己，找到自己，这是与作者上一段的论述“Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks, it appears, unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in.(似乎，远离噪音和目标导向的任务，将内外的宁静结合在一起，让我们有意识的工作空间去发现我们适合的地方。)”相一致。由此可推知，对于Noora Vikman对安静的态度，作者是支持赞同的。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段末尾通过引述的方法揭示了文章的主旨，“As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. ‘Silence is a resource,’ it said.(正如报告所解释的那样，现代社会似乎常常喧闹繁忙到令人无法忍受。“安静是一种资源，”它说。)”，即，文章主要围绕“安静是一种资源”这一话题进行讲述，并在后文段落通过介绍相关研究及真人实例的感受强调了安静的强大力量。选项C“Silence: The Unexpected Power(安静：没有料想到的力量)”贴合主旨。故选C项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. ____35____ ____36____ One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. ____37____ Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. ____38____ It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. ____39____ Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑如何感知疼痛，特别是预期与实际疼痛之间的差异对疼痛感知的影响，并提出缩小这种差异可能有助于减轻疼痛。 【35题详解】 根据上文“This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并不完全由身体伤害本身决定。)”可知，上文说明疼痛感知受到其他因素的影响，空处应该对此进行解释说明。选项B“它也受到个人期望的强烈影响”正好解释了除了身体伤害，疼痛感知还受到个人期望的影响，符合语境。故选B。 【36题详解】 根据下文“One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred.(一个是估计假说，该假说认为大脑会根据对伤害的预测来估计疼痛的强度。另一个是惊喜假说，该假说认为大脑感受到的疼痛是预期与实际发生之间的差异。)”可知，下文两个关于大脑如何感知疼痛的假设，说明空处应该提到有两个假设。选项E“为了解释这一现象，一项新的研究提出了两个主要假设”提到了有两个假设，引出下文，符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据下文“Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中接受疼痛的热刺激，同时观察视觉信号。这些信号要么与疼痛经历相关，要么与非疼痛经历相关。然后要求参与者报告他们的疼痛强度。)”可知，下文描述了一项关于大脑如何感知疼痛的研究，说明空处应该提到有研究。选项C“在这项研究中，研究了大脑如何感知疼痛”提到了有研究，引出下文，符合语境。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的研究结果表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。)”可知，上文是关于大脑感知疼痛的研究结果，空处应该对此进行评价。选项A“这一证据支持了惊喜假说”是对上文研究结果的评价，说明研究结果支持了惊喜假说，符合语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain.(持续疼痛的患者经常对自己的状况感到不确定的恐惧和焦虑。他们的预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的强烈感知。)”可知，上文提到了预期与实际疼痛体验之间的不匹配会加强疼痛感知，空处应该提出解决办法。选项G“缩小期望与现实之间的这种差距可能在减轻疼痛方面发挥关键作用”提出了解决办法，即缩小期望与现实之间的差距，符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达 (共三节，30分) 第一节 (共3小题；第40题2分，第41题2分，第42题3分，共7分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 40. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 41. Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 42. To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 43. To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据Assess yourself部分的“This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice good manners部分的“Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an impolite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 第二节 (共5小题；每空1分，共5分) 根据中文意思，使用括号内提示词完成句子，请在答题卡指定区域作答。 44. 这座公园像一个奇幻世界，吸引着每一位游客。 (appeal) The park is like a magical world, ________ every visitor. 【答案】appealing to 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。“吸引”为“appeal to”,与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填appealing to。 45. 在公园内漫步时，游客可品尝到满足各种口味的美食。 (appetite) Wandering around the park, tourists can try ________________. 【答案】delicious food that/which satisfies all kinds of appetites 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和定语从句。中英文对照，此空为“满足各种口味的美食”。“美食”表达为名词短语delicious food，作try宾语；“满足”表达为动词satisfy，“各种口味”表达为名词短语all kinds of appetites，作satisfy宾语，“满足各种口味的”可表达为限制性定语从句，修饰名词delicious food“美食”，delicious food为先行词，指物，在定语从句中作satisfy的主语，用关系代词that/which引导，此句陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时，关系代词指代delicious food作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数satisfies，故填delicious food that/which satisfies all kinds of appetites。 46. 公园范围内禁止非法狩猎。 (within) Hunting illegally is banned ________. 【答案】within the park 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。表示“公园范围内”用介词短语within the park，作状语。故填within the park。 47. 在求职面试中，缺乏眼神交流可能会显得你缺乏自信。 (absence) In a job interview, ________ may show that you lack confidence. 【答案】absence of eye contact 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。表示“缺乏眼神交流”用名词短语absence of eye contact，作主语。故填absence of eye contact。 48. 握手能有效消除隔阂。 (break) Shaking hands serves as an effective way ________. 【答案】to break the ice 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。“消除隔阂”对应英文固定习语为 break the ice，不定式作定语，修饰名词way。故填to break the ice。 第三节 (15分) 49. 写作：你朋友 Jim 要来北京游览，请你推荐一个值得游览的公园。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一个公园； 2. 说明推荐理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear you’re visiting Beijing! I highly recommend the Summer Palace. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of China’s most beautiful imperial gardens. The park features Kunming Lake, Longevity Hill, and traditional pavilions, offering stunning views. Built in the Qing Dynasty, it reflects classical Chinese architecture and royal culture. You can boat on the lake or walk along the Long Corridor, which is 728 meters with painted artworks! Don’t miss the Marble Boat and Seventeen-Arch Bridge! It’s perfect for a half-day trip. I’m sure you will have a happy trip! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友 Jim 写一封电子邮件，向他推荐北京一个值得游览的公园。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled→delighted 令人震惊的：stunning→breathtaking 反映：reflect→mirror 完美的：perfect→impeccable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Built in the Qing Dynasty, it reflects classical Chinese architecture and royal culture. 拓展句：The Summer Palace, which was built in the Qing Dynasty, reflects classical Chinese architecture and royal culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Built in the Qing Dynasty, it reflects classical Chinese architecture and royal culture. (运用了非谓语动词过去分词作状语) 【高分句型2】You can boat on the lake or walk along the Long Corridor, which is 728 meters with painted artworks! (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $