Unit 3 My School 语法专项讲练 2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语上册

Unit 3 My School 语法专项讲练人教版七年级英语 一、单元语法归纳总结 （一）指示代词（this/that/these/those） 1.指示代词的基本概念与分类 指示代词用于指代人或事物，明确区分 “近处” 和 “远处” 的对象，分为单数和复数两种形式： ①单数形式：this（这，指近处的单个事物 / 人）、that（那，指远处的单个事物 / 人） ②复数形式：these（这些，指近处的多个事物 / 人）、those（那些，指远处的多个事物 / 人） 2.指示代词的用法规则 ①指代单数事物 / 人： This 用于指代距离说话人较近的单数名词，回答时用 it 代替。 That 用于指代距离说话人较远的单数名词，回答时也用 it 代替。 ②指代复数事物 / 人： Those 用于指代距离说话人较远的复数名词，回答时也用 they 代替。 3.指示代词与 be 动词的搭配 指示代词需根据单复数形式搭配对应的 be 动词，遵循 “单数用 is，复数用 are” 的规则： This/That + is + 单数名词 These/Those + are + 复数名词 否定形式：在 be 动词后加 not （二）方位介词（in/on/under/near/next to/between） 1.方位介词的基本概念 方位介词用于表示人或事物在空间中的位置关系，在校园场景中常用于描述物品在教室的位置、建筑在校园的分布等，是本单元描述 “学校环境” 的核心语法。 2.常见方位介词的用法与区别 ①in：表示 “在…… 里面”，强调物体处于另一个物体的内部空间。 The books are in the schoolbag. 书在书包里面。 ②on：表示 “在…… 上面”，强调物体与另一物体表面接触，且处于上方（不嵌入内部）。 The clock is on the wall. 时钟在墙上。（时钟贴在墙的表面） ③under：表示 “在…… 下面”，强调物体处于另一物体的正下方或下方区域，不接触。 The football is under the chair. 足球在椅子下面。 ④near：表示 “在…… 附近”，强调物体之间距离较近，但不明确具体位置（如旁边、旁边不远处），范围较宽泛。 The teacher's office is near the classroom. 教师办公室在教室附近。 ⑤next to：表示 “紧挨着……”，强调物体之间距离非常近，几乎相邻，比 near 的距离更近。 My desk is next to Lily's desk. 我的书桌紧挨着莉莉的书桌。 ⑥between：表示 “在……（两者）之间”，强调物体处于两个具体事物的中间位置，后常接 “and” 连接两个对象。 The teacher's desk is between the blackboard and the students' desks. 讲台在黑板和学生书桌之间。 （三）名词的泛指与特指（a/an/the 的用法） 1.不定冠词 a/an 的用法（泛指） 不定冠词用于泛指 “一个” 人或事物，不特指某一个，常与单数可数名词搭配： ①a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前（注意：是 “辅音音素”，不是 “辅音字母”） This is a desk. 这是一张书桌。（泛指任意一张书桌，不是特定的某张） ②an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前（元音音素包括 /æ//e//i//o//u / 等） That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮。（eraser 以 /ɪ/ 开头，用 an） 注意：a/an 不能与复数名词或不可数名词搭配 （错误）These are a books. （正确）These are books. （错误）I need an water. （正确）I need some water. 2.定冠词 the 的用法（特指） 定冠词用于特指 “某个 / 某些” 特定的人或事物，即双方都知道或上文提到过的对象： ①特指上文提到过的人或事物 I have a pen. The pen is black. 我有一支钢笔。这支钢笔是黑色的。（第二次提到 “钢笔”，用 the 特指） ②特指双方都知道的人或事物 Where is the teacher? 老师在哪里？（双方都知道指的是 “当前的老师”，不是任意老师） ③特指世界上独一无二的事物、固定场所或特定群体 The sun is bright today. 今天阳光很明亮。（太阳是独一无二的） 3.零冠词的用法（不用 a/an/the） 复数名词泛指时，不用冠词; 不可数名词泛指时，不用冠词; 专有名词（如学校名称、人名、地名）前不用冠词。 二、练习题 （一）单项选择 1.—______ is that over there? —It is our school gym. A. What B. Where C. Who D. How 2.These ______ my books. They are on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be 3.There is ______ eraser in my pencil-case. ______ eraser is blue. A. a; The B. an; The C. a; An D. an; An 4.—Where ______ the library? —It is next ______ the science lab. A. is; to B. are; to C. is; in D. are; in 5.______ is my English teacher, Miss Li. She is near the blackboard. A. This B. That C. These D. Those 6.The football is ______ the chair. Can you see it? A. in B. on C. under D. next 7.—Are ______ your classmates over there? —Yes, they are. A. this B. that C. these D. those 8.There are two classrooms. Our classroom is ______ the two rooms. A. in B. on C. between D. near 9.—What is ______ on the wall? —It is a map of China. A. this B. that C. these D. those 10.I have ______ new pencil. ______ pencil is in my bag. A. a; The B. an; The C. a; An D. an; An （二）词形变换 1.This is ______ (a) English book. It's mine. 2.Those ______ (be) my school buses. They are yellow. 3.The ______ (desk) are in the classroom. They are brown. 4.That is ______ (a) eraser. It's Lucy's. 5.These ______ (be) not my pens. They are Tom's. 6.There is ______ (a) library in our school. ______ (library) is big. 7.The ______ (chair) under the desk is red. 8.Those ______ (student) are in Grade 7. They are my friends. 9.This is ______ (a) blackboard. ______ (blackboard) is clean. 10.These ______ (book) are on the shelf. They are new. （三）完成句子 1.这是我们的教室。它很大。 ______ ______ our classroom. ______ ______ big. 2.那些是校车吗？是的，它们是。 ______ ______ school buses? Yes, ______ ______. 3.我的英语书在书包里面。 My English book ______ ______ the schoolbag. 4.图书馆在实验室旁边。 The library ______ ______ ______ the science lab. 5.书桌上有一块橡皮。这块橡皮是红色的。 There is ______ ______ on the desk. ______ ______ is red. 6.学生们在操场和食堂之间。 The students ______ ______ the playground ______ the dining hall. 7.那是一位数学老师吗？不，不是。 ______ ______ a math teacher? No, ______ ______. 8.我的铅笔在椅子下面。 My pencil ______ ______ the chair. 9.这些是我的同学。他们很友好。 ______ ______ my classmates. ______ ______ friendly. 10.教师办公室在教室附近。 The teachers' office ______ ______ the classroom. （四）选词填空 （this, that, these, those, in, on, under, near, next to, between, a, an, the） 1.______ is my desk. It's ______ the window. 2.—What are ______ over there? —They are ______ books. They are ______ shelf. 3.There is ______ eraser ______ my pencil-case. ______ eraser is white. 4.The gym is ______ the library ______ the dining hall. 5.______ are my classmates. They are ______ the classroom. 6.—Is ______ your school bag? —Yes, it is. It's ______ the chair. 7.We have ______ new classroom. ______ classroom is ______ the teacher's office. 8.______ is our school gate. The school buses are ______ it. （五）完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Welcome to my school! My school is big and beautiful. Let me show you around. First, look at 1______ building. It is the teaching building. Our classroom is on the second floor. 2______ is Classroom 701. There are 40 desks and chairs 3______ the classroom. There is a blackboard 4______ the wall. And there is a map of China 5______ the blackboard. Next to the teaching building, there is 6______ library. We can borrow books there. 7______ are many storybooks and science books in the library. I like reading storybooks after class. Look! 8______ is the playground. It is 9______ the library. We have PE class on the playground. There are some basketballs 10______ the tree near the playground. We often play basketball there after school. I love my school. It's a great place to study and play. 1.A. this B. that C. these D. those 2.A. This B. That C. These D. Those 3.A. in B. on C. under D. near 4.A. in B. on C. under D. next to 5.A. in B. on C. near D. between 6.A. a B. an C. the D. / 7.A. This B. That C. There D. These 8.A. This B. That C. These D. Those 9.A. in B. on C. under D. near 10.A. in B. on C. under D. next to （六）阅读理解 Hello, I'm Jim. I study in No. 2 Middle School. Our school is not very big, but it's clean and tidy. There are three buildings in our school: the teaching building, the library and the dining hall. The teaching building is in the middle of the school. My classroom is on the first floor. It's small but bright. There are 35 students in my class. Our desks are next to each other. The blackboard is on the front wall. There is a computer on the teacher's desk. The library is next to the teaching building. It's a big room with many books. We can borrow books from Monday to Friday. I often borrow English books there. The dining hall is near the school gate. We have lunch there at noon. The food is delicious. Behind the teaching building, there is a small playground. We have PE class there. There are two basketball hoops (篮筐) on the playground. We often play basketball after school. I like my school because it's a happy place for me. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1.How many buildings are there in Jim's school? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 2.Where is the teaching building? A. Near the school gate B. Next to the dining hall C. In the middle of the school D. Behind the playground 3.When can Jim borrow books from the library? A. Every day B. From Monday to Friday C. On weekends D. In the afternoon 4.Where do Jim and his classmates have lunch? A. In the classroom B. In the library C. In the dining hall D. On the playground 5.What is behind the teaching building? A. A library B. A dining hall C. A playground D. A classroom （七）书面表达 一、书面表达​ 假设你是王明，你的笔友 Peter 来信想了解你的学校。请你给他回一封信，介绍你的学校情况，内容包括：学校的整体环境（如大小、是否整洁）、校园内的主要建筑（如教学楼、图书馆、操场等）及它们的位置关系、你在学校的日常活动（如上课、阅读、运动等）。​ 要求：1. 条理清晰，语句通顺，符合书信格式；2. 运用本单元所学语法（指示代词、方位介词、a/an/the 的用法）；3. 不少于 60 词。​ 参考范文​ Dear Peter,​ I'm glad to receive your letter. You asked about my school, so let me tell you about it.​ My school is No. 3 Middle School. It is not very big but very clean and tidy. There are three main buildings in our school: the teaching building, the library and the dining hall. The teaching building is in the middle of the school. My classroom is on the second floor. It is bright, and there are 38 desks and chairs in it.​ The library is next to the teaching building. I often borrow storybooks there after class. The dining hall is near the school gate. We have lunch there at noon. Behind the teaching building, there is a big playground. We have PE class on the playground and play football there after school.​ I love my school. Do you want to know more about it? Write to me soon!​ Yours,​ Wang Ming​ 三、练习题答案​ （一）单项选择​ 1.A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A​ （二）词形变换​ 1. an 2. are 3. desks 4. an 5. are 6. a; The library 7. chair 8. students 9. a; The blackboard 10. books​ （三）完成句子​ 1.This is; It is 2. Are those; they are 3. is in 4. is next to 5. an eraser; The eraser 6. are between; and 7. Is that; it isn't 8. is under 9. These are; They are 10. is near​ （四）选词填空​ （答案不唯一，符合语法和语境即可）​ 1.This; near 2. those; /; on 3. an; in; The 4. between; and 5. These; in 6. that; under 7. a; The; next to 8. This; near​ （五）完形填空​ 1.A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C​ （六）阅读理解​ 1.B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C​ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $