Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【重难点手册】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE Section I Learning About Language 教材原文解读 Cs 英汉互译·长难句分折 词汇·语法注释 Build up your vocabulary扩大你的词汇量 3 Read the passage about body language.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box. 阅读这篇关于肢体语言的短文。用方框中单词和短语的正 确形式填空。 by contrast by comparison break down interaction 相比之下 (与…)相比较 消除 互动 demonstrate approve of clue gesture 展示 赞成 线索 手势 When we think about nonverbal behaviour,or body language, ①nonverbal/npn'v3bl/adj.不 当我们想到非语言行为或肢体语言时， 涉及言语的；非言语的 we think about communication. When we think about 我们想到的是交流。 当我们想到交流时， communication,we think about interaction.So what is our body 我们想到的是互动。 那么，我们的肢体语言 language demonstrating to others?Social scientists have spent a lot 向别人展示了什么呢？ 社会学家花了很多时间来研究肢体 of time looking at the effects of our body language. We make UNIT 语言的影响。 我们根据 assessments2 and inferences from body language.And according to ②assessment/3'sesmont/n.评价； 肢体语言进行评估和推断。 并且根据那些判 评定 those judgements we approve of one person and dislike another.So make assessments and inferences 断， 我们认同一个人，不喜欢另一个人。 因 进行评估和推断 body language provides external clues that are influenced by internal ③internal/in't3 nl adj.,内部的； 此，肢体语言提供了外部线索， 这些线索受内在思想和感情的 里面的 thoughts and feelings.Scientists have found that when we feel external adj.外部的；外面的 影响。 科学家发现，当我们感到骄傲和强大的时候， ④straighten up直起来；整理；收 proud and powerful,we usually straighten up to make ourselves 拾整齐 我们通常会挺直腰板，让自己变得更高大。 ⑤slump/slAmp/vi.垂头弯腰地 bigger.By contrast,when we feel powerless,we tend to slump, 走（或坐等） 相比之下，当我们感到无力时， 我们往往会瘫软下来， 1Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful,we usually straighten up... whcn引与时同状讲从句 that引宁宾语从句，作have[ond的宾语 101 重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册RJ making ourselves smaller.2 It is obvious that our minds can 身形随之缩小。 很明显，我们的思想可以影响我们的 influence our bodies.But is it also true that our bodies can 身体。 但我们的身体也会影响我们的思想，这是真的 affect our minds?Scientific experiments show that if we make 吗？ 科学实验表明， 如果我们做 powerful gestures long enough,we may actually feel more 有力的手势足够长的时间， 我们实际上可能感到更加有力。 powerful.People who remember to use positive body language 相比之下，记住使用积极的肢体语言的人更有可能感到积 are more likely to feel positive by comparison,so some 极， 因此，一些 scientists suggest that we use our bodies to try power posing ⑥pose /pouz/n.故作姿态；（为画 科学家建议我们利用身体来尝试自信的身体语言，以帮助消除我们的 像、拍照等摆的)姿势 to help break down our feelings of shyness and powerlessness. i.摆好姿势 羞怯感和无力感。 t.造成（威胁、问题等） Discover useful structures发现有用的结构 power posing力量姿势 3 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words pose a challenge to向…提 and phrases in the box.Can you add more examples to 出挑战 explain how you read body language? pose a danger构成危险；引发 用方框中单词和短语的正确形式完成短文。你能补充更多 风险 的例子来解释你是如何解读肢体语言的吗？ pose dilemma进退两难；窘境 lie challenge consider individual differences maintain strike a pose摆姿势 撒谎 挑战 考虑个体差异 保持 consider the whole picture evaluate a patient's condition 通盘考虑 评估病人的情况 Reading body language is not an easy task.It can be 解读肢体语言不是一件容易的事。 这可能很有 challenging because interpreting the signs that another person 挑战性，因为解读另一个人表现出的动作需要通盘考虑。 shows requires considering the whole picture.In this sense,it can 在这个意义上，它可以 be compared to a doctor evaluating a patient's condition. 被比作医生评估病人的情况。 Considering individual differences is also key to reading people's ⑦be compared to被比作 考虑个体差异也是准确解读人们肢体语言的关键。 body language accurately.For example,when lying,some people ⑧be key to是…的关键；对… 例如， 当撒谎时，有些人避免眼 至关重要 avoid eye contact.By contrast,others may maintain eye contact 神交流。 相比之下，其他人保持眼神交流的时间可能比 even longer than usual. ⑨than usual比平时 平时更长。 2 By contrast,when we fecl powerless,we tend to slump,making oursclves smaller. wh引导时问 现在分词短语作结米 状语从刊 状许，说明身体摊软 导纹的结果 102 UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE 语言要点精讲 要点1 assessment n. 评价；评定 对点例析 教材语境)We make assessments and inferences from body language.. 单句语法填空 我们根据肢体语言进行评估和推断。 例1-1(2023·1月浙江高考听 力·改编)She made a risk The applicants will go through written exams and other forms (assess)of her new rewarding of assessment.申请人需要参加笔试及其他形式的考核。 but quite challenging job. 例1-2(2024·全国高考甲卷 拓展(1)assess vt..评估；评价 阅读B·改编)Cats'sense of assess sb./sth,as sth.评定…为… smell is quite impressive.They 搭配 assess sth.at sth.对…估价为… use their noses (assess)their environment and The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. look out for any signs of danger. 该委员会评定建筑物是否值得保存。 例1-3(2023·全国新高考I 卷完形填空·改编)At the The loss from drought to farmers in this area was assessed at f1.25 medical help center,Lenoue million.千旱对该地农民造成的损失估算达l25万英镑。 (assess)and later (2)assessable adj.可估价的；可评价的 taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious No assessable information provided. injuries in one of her knees 没有可供评估的信息。 【答案与解析】 1-1 assessment句意：她对 UNIT Establishing the assessable system of banking performance plays an 她回报丰厚却富有挑战性的新 extremely important role on human resources management. 工作做了一个风险评估。 1-2 to assess 建立银行绩效考核系统在人力资源管理上起着非常重要的作用。 1-3 was assessed 要点2 straighten up 单句语法填空 (1)直起来；挺直 例2-1 Please (straight) yourself up and imagine that 教材语境>Scientists have found that when we feel proud and your head is touching the sky. powerful,we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. 2-2 You should straighten 科学家们发现，当我们感到骄傲和强大的时候，我们通常会挺直 your room before going 腰板，让自己变得更高大。 out. As she straightened up,the ache on her back grew worse. 【答案与解析】 2-1 straighten句意：请直起 她直起身子时，背部的疼痛更厉害了。 身子，想象你的头正在触碰 (2)整理；收拾整齐（相当于tidy up) 天空。 He took a few minutes to straighten the meeting room up before the 2-2up句意：出门之前你应 meeting began..会议开始之前他花了几分钟收拾了一下会议室。 该把你的房间收拾整齐。 103 重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册RJ 要点3 bend 单句语法填空 例3-1（经典·北京高考阅读C· (I)vt.&.vi.(bent,bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向 改编)Light can pass through it without bend)or 教材语境>By bowing,we mean“bending our head or body stopping. forward as a sign of respect or shame". 例3-2(2023·全国新高考I 卷完形填空·改编)Bailey then 鞠躬是指“将我们的头或身体向前弯曲，以示尊重或羞愧”。 bent to let Lenoue It's hard to bend an iron bar. climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish 把一根铁棒弄弯很难。 line where Lenoue could get medical attention. bend down/over to do sth,弯腰去做某事 完成句子 bend the truth歪曲事实 例3-3 搭配 (屈膝) when you pick up bend one's mind/efforts to sth..某人专心致志于某事 something heavy. 3-4 The accident happened bend to one's will屈服于某人的意愿 (在拐弯处). She had to bend down to hear what the boy was saying. 例3-5As a journalist,he refused to (扭曲 她得弯腰才听得见那个男孩正在说的话。 事实). 【答案与解析】 He tried to force me to bend to his will. 3-1 bending 他试图强迫我顺从他的意愿。 3-2down句意：然后贝利弯 下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一 (2)n.（尤指道路或河流的)拐弯；弯道 路背着她走到终点线，在那儿勒 诺接受了治疗。 The car came round the bend at a terrifying speed. 3-3 Bend your knees 那辆汽车以惊人的速度拐过弯道。 3-4 at the bend 3-5 bend the truth end up(尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情后)结果为； 单句语法填空 要点4 以…结束 例4-1(2023·浙江高考阅读 教材语境>We intended to visit the theme park but ended up D·改编)Often,they'll end up fill the area calling on Professor Zhang. with small stones and using 我们原本打算参观主题公园，但最后拜访了张教授。 chemicals to control weeds, which results in bad effect to doing sth. the soil. with sth. 例4-2(2024·浙江高考七选 搭配end up十 以…结束 adv./prep. 五·改编)Professor Alex teaches the same course in adj person and online.He noted that We were going to go out,but ended up watching videos at home. his online students usually end 我们原计划外出，但结果却在家看录像了。 up lower grades. 例43（经典·浙江高考·改 If you go on like this,you'll end up in prison. )As I watch her chase after a 如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。 squirrel,throwing her whole 104 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE If he carries on driving like that,he'll end up dead. being into the here-and-now of 如果他继续那样开车，总有一天会把命丢掉。 an exercise that has never once 辨析end in与end up ended victory. 【答案与解析】 其后常接名词，多指以 end in jail/failure 4-1 filling句意：通常，他们 end in 最终会用小石子填满这片区域， 不好的结局收场 以进监狱失败而告终 并使用化学药剂来控制杂草，这 其后常接动名词，既可 end up doing well最终做得很好 会对土壤造成负面影响。 end up 指好的结局，也可指不 end up being a beggar最终成为 4-2with句意：艾利克斯教 授线下和线上教相同的课程。 好的结局 乞丐 他指出，他的线上学生最终的成 bring sth.to an end使某事结束 绩通常较低。 put.bring an end to sth.结束某事 4-3in句意：当我看着它（狗） 拓展 追赶一只松鼠时，它正全身心地 come to an end结束 投入一项从未以胜利告终的运 in the end最后；终于 动中。 语法要点精讲 动词-ing作宾语和表语 UNIT 要点1动词-ing作宾语 机会的地方旅行，然后给朋友们以及朋友的朋 1.后常接动词-ing作宾语的动词和动词 友发信息，要求给他们的网上帖子点赞。 短语： To avoid missing the last train,please (1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有admit、 check the last train time posted in stations. advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、consider、deny、 为了避免错过末班火车，请核查车站张贴 delay、enjoy、escape、fancy、finish、forbid、imagine、 的末班火车时间。 keep、mention、mind、miss、permit,practise、 I suggested putting off the sports meeting. risk、resist、suggest、quit等。 我建议将运动会延期。 The youngsters admitted planning trips (2)常接动词-ing作宾语的短语有can't around potential photo-opportunities and then help(情不自禁)、feel like(想要)、give up(放 messaging friends-and friends of friends-to 弃)、insist on(坚持)、put off(推迟)、set about demand“likes'”for their online posts. (开始)、be busy(in)(忙于)、be/get used to(习 这些年轻人承认，他们计划在有潜在拍照惯于)、object to(反对)、pay attention to(注 105 :用重难点手册高中英语选择性必修第一册RJ 意)、stick to(坚持)、get down to(着手做)、look advise doing sth./advise sb.to do sth. forward to(期盼)、succeed(in)(成功)、waste 议做某事，建议某人做某事 spend time'money(in)(浪费/花费时间/金钱 allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth. 做)、be worth(值得)等。 许做某事'允许某人做某事 Nowadays,rather than going out to meet permit doing sth./permit sb.to do sth. people in person,more and more young people 允许做某事/允许某人做某事 feel like socialising with others via electronic forbid doing sth./forbid sb.to do sth. devices. 止做某事禁止某人做某事 如今，越来越多的年轻人喜欢通过电子设 (2)stop后接动词-ing作宾语，表示“停止 备与他人交往，而不是亲自出去见人。 做某事”；stop后接不定式，表示“停下来去做另 He insisted on walking to work though he 一件事”，不定式作目的状语。 was tired.尽管很累，但他坚持步行去上班。 2.有些动词如like、love、prefer、hate、 As is announced in today's paper,they begin、start等，后面可接动词不定式与动 have succeeded in solving many problems 词-ing作宾语，意义基本上没有差别。 according to the new theory. After the teacher left the classroom,the 正如今天的报纸所宣布的，他们已经成功 students began to do/doing their homework. 地根据新理论解决了许多问题。 老师离开教室后，学生们开始做作业。 巧学活用 3.当need、require、want表示“需要”， 后接动词-ing作宾语的动词（短语）口诀 deserve表示“应受；应得”时，其后接动词-ing 喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy、consider、escape;avoid) 的主动形式，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式， 停止放弃太冒险(stop、give up、risk) 表示“需要被做”和“值得被做”。 反对想象莫推延(object to、imagine、delay. The baby requires looking after/to be put off) looked after carefully.这个婴儿需要认真看护。 要求完成是期望(require,finish、look forward to) His heroic deeds deserved praising/to be 建议继续勤苦练(suggest、goon、practise) praised..他的英勇行为值得被称赞。 不禁原谅要坚持(can't help、.excuse,insist on) 4.有些动词或动词短语既可接动词不定式 继续注意始成功(keep on,mind、succeed in) 作宾语，也可接动词-ing作宾语，其区别如下： 注意(l)advise、allow、permit、forbid后 (1)谓语动词词义不变的情况下，当表示经 可接动词-ing作宾语，当其后有名词或代词作 常发生的动作或比较抽象的意义时，多用动 宾语时，则接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 词-ing作宾语；而表示某个将来的动作或具体 106 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE 的意义时，则多用不定式作宾语。 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得我 (2)谓语动词词义不同的情况下，具体用法 在那里看到的一切。 如下： 要点2 动词-ing(动名词、现在分词)作表语 (mean to do sth.打算做某事 1.动名词（短语）作表语，多指抽象的、经常 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 性的动作，可以转换到句首作主语。 forget to do sth.忘记去做做事 Her hobby is cooking.她的爱好是烹饪。 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 The best thing about traveling is experiencing /remember to do sth.记得去做某事 different cultures. remember doing sth.记得做过某事 旅行的美妙之处在于体验不同的文化。 /regret to do sth.遗憾（抱歉）要做某事 注意动词不定式作表语多表示具体的动 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 作，尤其是某一次的动作。 (try to do sth.尽力做某事 My plan was to go from London to Paris. try doing sth.试着做某事 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。 can't help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事 2.现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语所具 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 有的特征或性质，相当于形容词，有的词已被当 He couldn't get across his idea in the 作形容词使用。常用来作表语的现在分词有 speech,so we didn't know what he had meant astonishing、amusing、confusing、disappointing、 to say. UNIT 他在演讲中无法说清楚自己的想法，所以 boring、encouraging、inspiring、moving、tiring、 我们不知道他想说什么。 interesting、surprising等， Missing the bus means waiting for another His concern for his mother is very touching. ten minutes. 他对自己母亲的关爱非常感人。 错过这趟公共汽车意味着再等十分钟。 注意由及物动词转化来的-ed形式的形 We must remember to close that window. 容词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。 我们一定要记得关上那扇窗。 People are deeply touched by his concern I still remember being taken to the Famen for his mother. Temple and what I saw there. 人们被他对母亲的关爱深深地感动了。 107