专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，福建专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文） 主题01人与自我——人物故事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建泉州•期末） Born in Germany, Kathrine Switzer was an athletic and driven child. As a young girl, Switzer was active in various sports, but she faced huge troubles as there was a widely held attitude that women in sports were unattractive. In high school, she began to take running more seriously, often training in secret. She developed her determination (意志) and running skills through continuous practice, often running long distances to build her stamina (耐力). Switzer attended Syracuse University, where she trained with the men’s cross-country team. During this time, Switzer decided to run the Boston Marathon. As there was nothing in the official rulebook preventing women from entering, she signed up for the 1967 race. She used the name “K. V. Switzer”. As a result, race officials did not realise she was a woman. But when the race officials discovered she was a woman, they tried to stop her. Fortunately, her boyfriend Tom Miller and a group of men runners formed a sort of protective curtain around her. Finally, she completed the race in four hours and twenty minutes. After that, she decided to help other women athletes. The Boston Marathon finally began accepting women runners in 1972, and three years later, Switzer placed second at the race with a time of 2:51:37, her personal best. In 1977, she created the Avon International Running Circuit, a worldwide series of women’s races that lay the groundwork for the women’s marathon to become an Olympic event in 1984. Switzer went on to found the women’s running club, 261 Fearless, and entered the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011. Still an active runner, Switzer even completed the Boston Marathon in 2017-fifty years after her historic run. “When I go to the Boston Marathon now, I have wet shoulders — women fall into my arms crying,” she said. “They’re crying for joy because running has changed their lives. They feel nothing is impossible.” 1．How did Switzer train as a young girl? A．By following a professional plan. B．By joining a cross-country team. C．By keeping running secretly. D．By seeking help from her coach. 2．What can we learn about Switzer in the 1967 marathon? A．She reached her personal best. B．She broke a record set by men. C．She lent a hand to another runner. D．She was the first woman to complete it. 3．What is the result of Switzer’s 1977 running series? A．261 Fearless was founded. B．She won many national honours. C．Women’s marathon entered the Olympics. D．Boston Marathon accepted women runners. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Kathrine Switzer: A Pioneer in Women's Sports B．The 1967 Boston Marathon: A Race Against Time C．Seeking Possibilities: A Woman of Olympic Spirits D．Breaking Limits: The Story of a Marathon Champion Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上•福建漳州•期末） “You’re fired! ” Andrew Chilton wasn’t joking. At that moment, he wanted his personal caregiver, Christy Chachere, out of his life forever. He didn’t want her to tell him he could write his own term papers. Christy didn’t give way. Andrew’s outcry was like music to her ears. “Progress!” she continued to encourage him. When Andrew was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at age eight, his mother, Cindy, was told to “get him on the list” for a caregiver to provide after-school care. However, in their city, the need for a caregiver was far higher than the supply. It was eight years before they were matched with Christy. In the beginning, Andrew’s family did their best to shelter him from life’s difficulties. “I worry about him,” Cindy said. Would he ever have a job and live independently? Cindy would do anything for her son. “You have to let him fail,” Christy told the family. “It’s the only way he’s going to learn — to be able to do things on his own.” No longer would Cindy write Andrew’s papers for him. Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework, either. It was a little scary to step back. But everyone was on board, except Andrew. He complained (抱怨) loudly at times. But then things began to change. Christy wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. And she coached him on how to deal with failures and difficulties, and how to break work down into small pieces so as not to feel too stressed. One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered community college. And he stopped trying to fire Christy. She’s been with him for six years now. This past summer, Andrew was a counselor (顾问) at a camp for kids with autism. Now, he’s studying to pass the driving test. Andrew says life has never been better. 1．Why did it take so long for Andrew’s family to match Christy? A．Andrew didn’t want to accept help. B．Andrew wasn’t on the list for a caregiver. C．His family tried to shelter him themselves. D．Caregivers were in great demand in their city. 2．How did Christy get Andrew improved? A．By finishing tasks for him. B．By planning his schedules. C．By providing instructions. D．By giving all-day care. 3．Which of the following best describes Christy according to the text? A．Considerate but overprotective. B．Confident but self-centered. C．Strict and adventurous. D．Wise and supportive. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Caring for autistic children in the community. B．Gaining independence with a guiding hand. C．Family’s support in the growth path. D．Challenges of living with autism. Passage 3 （24-25高一上•福建宁德•期末） My wood-shop teacher, Mr. August J. Bachmann, was the most important teacher I ever had. I had got into trouble in his class: Another student had pushed me into a wood lathe, and I became angry and began to hit him. Mr. Bachmann stopped the fight, but instead of sending me to the office, he sat me down and asked a simple question, “Penna, why are you wasting your life? Why aren’t you going to college?” I knew nothing about colleges. I had never considered a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future. That day, instead of rushing off for lunch, he stayed and explained possible education choices to me. At the end of our talk, he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college. This was in 1962 at Emerson High School. Well, 53 years have passed. I gained a doctor’s degree. I taught English and social studies. And I moved up from teacher to headmaster. I’ve won a number of educational awards now. But where would I be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me? It was without question only his confidence in me that propelled me forward. I have repaid his kindness hundreds of times by encouraging misguided youngsters. If I have saved any children, it is because of him. If I have been a successful educator, it is because I had a great role model in Mr. Bachmann. 1．What can we learn about the author when he was a child? A．He was from a happy family. B．He was punished by the teacher. C．He was the poorest in his class. D．He was not confident at first. 2．What does the underlined word “propelled” probably mean? A．Put. B．Delivered. C．Pushed. D．Called. 3．Which can best describe Mr. Bachmann? A．Honest and patient. B．Kind and humorous. C．Brave and wise. D．Caring and responsible. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this text? A．To show his thanks. B．To show his confidence. C．To repay the kindness. D．To encourage young people. Passage 4 （24-25高一上•福建莆田一中•期末） When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out, you’ll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. “I don’t know how to use a computer,” she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography (自传), After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn’t want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune (免疫的 ) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.” 1．Why did Mary feel regretful? A．She didn’t achieve her ambition. B．She didn’t take care of her mother. C．She didn’t complete her high school. D．She didn’t follow her mother’s advice. 2．We can know that before 1995 Mary_________. A．had two books published B．received many career awards C．knew how to use a computer D．supported the JDRF by writing 3．Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her_________. A．living with diabetes B．successful show business C．service for an organization D．remembrance of her mother 4．When Mary received the life-changing news, she _________. A．lost control of herself B．began a balanced diet C．wanted to get a treatment D．behaved in an adult way 主题02人与社会——新闻报道 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建泉州五中•期末） Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant (芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly (无线) connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations (指控) in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology (神经学) has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding (解码) the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 1．Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ____________. A．to reduce people’s control over the outside world B．to call for more people to volunteer in the research C．to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D．to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 2．What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Full of energy. B．Close to death. C．Willing to be volunteers. D．Unlikely to be sick. 3．What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A．It has been going on for decades. B．It can also benefit healthy people. C．It can make your loved ones happier. D．It is conducted widely across the world. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B．Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C．Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D．Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建仙游一中•期末） The sound of birds chirping fills the air as students at Riverview Middle School file into their outdoor classroom. This open-air space, surrounded by trees and flower beds, is part of a growing trend to take learning beyond four walls.​ Educators here say outdoor classes have noticeable benefits. Science lessons on ecosystems are more vivid when taught among actual plants and insects. Math students practice measuring by calculating the height of trees or the area of garden beds. Even literature classes have moved outside, with poetry readings under the oak tree becoming a favorite activity.​ “Students are more engaged when they’re not stuck at desks,” says principal Mr. Hernandez. “We’ve seen improvements in focus and attendance since starting the program.” Parents have noticed changes too. One mother reported, “My daughter used to hate science, but now she comes home talking about the frogs she observed in the pond behind the school.”​ There are challenges, of course. Bad weather can disrupt plans, and some lessons still require indoor labs. But the school has adapted by keeping a flexible schedule and investing in weatherproof teaching tools.​ 1．What is a growing trend mentioned in the passage?​ A．Using more technology in classrooms.​ B．Taking learning outside of traditional classrooms.​ C．Reducing the number of science lessons.​ D．Holding all classes in large auditoriums.​ 2．How do students practice math outdoors?​ A．By counting birds in the trees.​ B．By calculating tree heights and garden areas.​ C．By measuring the length of the school building.​ D．By keeping track of weather temperatures.​ 3．What benefit of outdoor classes is mentioned?​ A．Students score higher on standardized tests.​ B．Students are more engaged in their lessons.​ C．Students need less sleep to stay focused.​ D．Students spend more time on homework.​ 4．What challenge do outdoor classes face?​ A．Lack of interest from students.​ B．High cost of outdoor equipment.​ C．Disruptions due to bad weather.​ D．Difficulty in finding qualified teachers.​ Passage 3 （24-25高一上•福建莆田八中•期末） In the time before air-conditioning, southern China’s sky wells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. Could they do it again today? A skywell, or “tian jing”, is atypical characteristic of traditional homes in southern and eastern China. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, or “yuan zi”, a skywell is smaller and less open to the outdoor environment. Its size and design differ from place to place. Skywells were designed to cool buildings at a time well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and create airflows by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening. Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern buildings. Over the past two decades, however, skywell buildings have been making a comeback. Yu Youhong, 55, has spent more than 30 years restoring (修复) skywell homes in Wuyuan county of Jiangxi province, apart of the old Huizhou. One of the skywell homes restored by Yu is in the village of Yan, in Wuyuan county. The deserted 300-year-old house was bought by Edward Gawne, a former marketing director from the UK, and his Chinese wife, Liao Minx in, in 2015. The couple turned the three-storey house into a 14-room hotel with the help of Yu. They kept the spaces surrounding the sky wells in their original state: open and with natural airflow. Gawne says that even without air conditioning the skywell areas are very comfortable in summer. Yu says he expects sky wells to be more and more popular among younger generations especially as sustainability (可持续性) becomes an important element for new buildings. 1．What do we know about the sky wells? A．They had the same size and design. B．They were commonly seen throughout China. C．They acted as air-conditioners in the summer. D．They were fully open to the outdoors like courtyard. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When sky wells appeared. B．What sky wells look like. C．Why sky wells are no longer popular. D．How sky wells cool buildings. 3．What did the couple do with the centuries-old house? A．They enlarged its rooms. B．They moved the skywell. C．They pulled it down and rebuilt it. D．They kept part of its architectural characteristic. 4．What’s the main idea of this text? A．The comeback of sky wells. B．An introduction to an expert in sky wells. C．The preservation of traditional Chinese architecture. D．The influence of modernization on ancient buildings. 主题03 人与社会——热点问题 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside. However, due to the rapid upward trend in house prices in cities, people are increasingly choosing to move to a rural(乡村的) area. Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country. Living in the city continues to be extremely popular. The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work. Infrastructure is one of the biggest advantages of cities. A well-developed network of public transportation often makes that a car is not absolutely necessary. In the countryside, on the other hand, you almost always need a car to be flexible(灵活的). Related to infrastructure, mobility is also an argument for living in the city. Very often, rural regions are not or only connected to the rail network and also do not have an adequate bus system. In the cities, there is a wide range of entertaining options, from cultural opportunities and other clubs. The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities. The expansion of digital networks is still in its beginnings in some rural regions. Here, the city clearly has the better offer. However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the main topic. B．To raise readers’ interest. C．To put forward a reason. D．To present different opinions. 2．What resulted in the growth of the population in cities? A．Colorful outdoor activities. B．Low housing prices. C．More job opportunities. D．Strong cultural atmosphere. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards life in the countryside? A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Grateful. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The means of transportation in the city. B．The similarities between different cultures. C．The advantages of living in the countryside. D．The different views on living in the city or the rural area. Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建师大附中•期末） To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 1．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 2．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 3．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建厦门•期末） “FIND YOUR PASSION (热爱)! ”  This inspiring instruction suggests it’s important to discover what truly excites us in life. But is it good advice? Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices. Our first interest can be developed into a true passion with positive experiences. But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered. This misunderstanding can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research shows there are ways to encourage a more open outlook about it. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets: fixed mindset sees interests as unchangeable, while a growth mindset views interests and passions as developed. A growth mindset of interest comes with many advantages, while a fixed mindset may discourage exploration. In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的) interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science. We offered students either our intervention (干预) or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about a case when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, stressed practices such as time management. By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers. While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them. 1．What does “this misunderstanding” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Passions can be developed with more practices. B．Interest is of great help to build up confidence. C．Passions are fixed and wait to be uncovered. D．Interest can be discouraged by repeated work. 2．Why does the author mention the “black holes” study? A．To make a prediction. B．To show the difference. C．To protest a decision. D．To explain the rule. 3．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 4? A．Students were grouped based on types of mindset. B．Reflective writings helped students build up interest. C．Study skills were used to reduce students’ stress. D．Better grades contributed to one’s favour to a subject. 4．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better. B．Find what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day. C．It can always be easy and exciting to dig into new areas. D．It is much better to get lost in the passion than to lose it. 主题04 人与社会——学习与生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建三明•期末） Friends Williams and Smith Jr. spend the weeks leading up to Christmas traveling across the country. They visit all 50 states, making house calls to kids who are sick or disabled. The pair arrive with plenty of toys, and in costume, both of which make the young recipients (接受者) happy. Williams started this tradition after losing his mother to cancer in 2009, which led him into a deep sadness. Every time he met with those fighting against diseases, he decided he would do something for them. Then he founded his nonprofit organization, a Future SuperHero and Friends, in 2018. His goal: to bring smiles to children with health challenges. In past years, Williams has dressed up as various superheroes and other be- loved characters — including Spider-Man, Deadpool and the Mandalorian — while Smith dressed up as a Christmas elf (精灵). “Williams was the first person to put a smile on AJ’s face,” says Katrina Morris about her son, who was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at the age of 2. “I will never forget that day.” Williams and Smith start their gift-giving journey by driving through the 48 states before flying to Alaska and Kawaii. Along the way, they buy their toys with money provided by the Future SuperHero website, where people can also recommend families for visits.) Often, Williams contributes his own money. Their task is not just about the gifts; they spend quality time with the children and their families, providing company and warmth. Williams has said that sometimes the parents are even more excited than the children. The pair say they want to make sure families facing hard battles never feel alone. It’s what keeps them going, even when they hardly get any sleep in the process. “Every day, I get to wake up and do what I love,” Williams adds that he doesn’t do it for pay; it’s a way to recover from the sadness of losing his mother and keep his memory alive. 1．Why did Williams start visiting children? A．To travel across the country. B．To lift children’s spirits. C．To give children money. D．To found an organization. 2．What is Katrina Morris’s attitude to William’s act? A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Thankful. D．Supportive. 3．How does the website Future SuperHero help Williams and Smith? A．It offers money. B．It sells toys. C．It provides company. D．It shares stories. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Superhero and the Elf: A Tale of Two Friends. B．Fighting Cancer and Depression: A Mother’s Story. C．The 50-State Toy Drive: A Holiday Tradition. D．A Christmas Journey: Spreading Joy to the Sick and Disabled. Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建泉州•期末） Ellen Ochoa’s life journey offers an outstanding example of how invention can lead to adventure. She first worked as a creative engineer and went on to become the world’s first Hispanic female astronaut. Ochoa graduated from San Diego State University in 1980 with a degree in Physics. Mindful of her mother’s stress on the importance of education, she entered graduate school at Stanford University. When Neil Armstrong had first walked on the moon, Ochoa was 11 years old. It never would have hit her then that she too might someday become an astronaut. However, in 1983, when Ochoa was on the way to earning her PhD in Electrical Engineering, Sally Ride became the first female U. S. astronaut. This gave Ochoa the encouragement to aim high. Upon graduation, she applied to NASA to become an astronaut herself. At Stanford, Ochoa specialized in designing optical (光学) systems that study the objects that they “see”. After graduating, she continued this work at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sandia’s work for NASA includes developing optical, computerized recordings and models of events and phenomena (现象) in space. In time, Ochoa became the co-inventor of three optical devices. Later, working at NASA’s Ames Research Center, Ochoa branched off into developing computer systems designed for space exploration. Here she also managed a team of 35 scientists. Ochoa’s excellence in optics and computer hardware had caught NASA’s attention. In 1990, NASA accepted her into its astronaut training program, and in July 1991, Ochoa became an official U. S. astronaut. Less than two years later, Ochoa flew as a Mission Specialist on a Discovery Space Shuttle Mission. Ellen Ochoa has won numerous awards for her success as an engineer, an astronaut, and a role model– not just for Hispanic or female ambitious scientists, but for anyone who believes that excellence will finally find its recognition and reward. 1．What inspired Ochoa to have a higher ambition in 1983? A．Her graduation from San Diego State University. B．Her mother’s stress on further education. C．Neil Armstrong’s life experience. D．Sally Ride’s example. 2．What did Ochoa co-invent before becoming an astronaut? A．Optical systems to see the moon. B．Computerized models used in space. C．Three optical devices. D．Computer systems for management. 3．When was Ochoa’s first visit to space? A．In 1980. B．In 1983. C．In 1991. D．In 1993. 4．What can be learnt through Ochoa’s experiences? A．Creativity starts with an idea. B．Courage is knowing what not to fear. C．Follow excellence, and success will come to you. D．Understand your limitations, and you can remove them. 主题01人与自我——人物故事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田八中•期末） Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest woman in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon. Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather is. Come rain or shine, she covers 36 miles every week, even when she’s on holiday. The retired doctor didn’t take up running until she was 46 years old —after a friend suggested running two miles per day. “The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race,” she said. “It’s one of the best races. Fantastic registration (注册), set-up and management make it a joy to run the race.” Mathea, who doesn’t allow her age to slow her down, thinks she is the happiest person when she’s on the road. She enjoys running for miles and waving and saying hello to the people she passes. To stay in shape, Mathea keeps a steady training routine (惯例) . “I train all year round but increase the mileage 18 weeks before a marathon,” she said. Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. “I see the direct relation between moving and health,” she said. “It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.” Mathea thought getting through the finish line and winning a Guinness World Record title was the excitement of her life. “My family completely surprised me after the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, in which I achieved the world record, by wearing matching T-shirts stating my achievements,” she said. 1．What do we know about Mathea from the first two paragraphs? A．She used to be in poor health． B．She is the oldest to win a marathon． C．She runs daily regardless of the weather． D．She was encouraged by her patient to run． 2．Why is Mathea keen on the Honolulu Marathon? A．It gives winners the best awards． B．It provides runners with quality service．． C．It has no time limit for runners to finish． D．It allows runners to set a world record easily． 3．What led to Mathea’s understanding of the connection between moving and health? A．Her professional experience． B．Her training courses． C．Her views on stress in life． D．Her hobby from young． 4．What message does Mathea’s story deliver? A．Practice makes perfect． B．Interest is the best teacher． C．Age is no barrier to success． D．Ups and downs make one strong． Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建泉州五中•期末） Crowded by defenders, Charlie Villanueva leaps toward the basket. One hand lifts the ball high, and for a moment he seems to hang in the air. Then he hammers the ball through the rim. Slam dunk! His career may look like a slam dunk, being a national champion at the University of Connecticut, and setting beginner records with the Toronto Raptors. However, life wasn’t always easy for him. His success is due to more than his ability to play basketball and he owes much of who he is today to a skin disease called alopecia areata, which is not infectious but is caused by an error in the immune system that triggers germ-fighting cells to attack the body’s own hair-growing cells. Charlie was affected at age 10 and lost all his hair by age 12. This made him a target for bullying, leading him to withdraw and hide under caps and hoods. With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. All along the way, Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying. As the son of immigrants from the· Dominican Republic, he has even worked towards ending poverty in that country. Charlie inspires young people to embrace their individuality and have confidence in themselves. “We’re all unique in our own ways,” he says, encouraging them to remember that with dedication and self-belief, any dream is within reach. 1．Why is Charlie’s slam dunk mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To compare him with other champions. B．To highlight his skills and achievements. C．To explain how a slam dunk is performed. D．To demonstrate a specific moment in a game. 2．What made Charlie avoid his peers? A．An infectious skin disease. B．His being made fun of. C．An error in the immune system. D．His average ability to play basketball. 3．Which of the following best describes Charlie? A．Humble and responsible. B．Strong-willed and helpful. C．Innovative and generous. D．Good-natured and tolerant. 4．What message does the text convey? A．Fortune favors the prepared. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建漳州•期末） Once upon a time, there was a small village in the center of a big forest. All the villagers were used to their robotic farm work and none of them had the imagination or the will to try something new, except for one girl named Jo. Most villagers could not read or write, and Jo was an exception. One afternoon, when Jo was on one of her adventures in the forest, she came across an abandoned cottage. Though she’d been warned to stay away from abandoned places, her curiosity got the best of her. She slid in and was amazed to find a room full of books! Jo’s excitement was huge when she realized she had found a hidden treasure. She ran to tell the villagers everything, thinking that they would share her excitement but instead, she heard roars of laughter! Jo was confused by this reaction and a little hurt too, but she did not give up on her books. She came to the cottage every day and got down to reading the books. For her, each page was an adventure with characters who challenged difficulties with their determination and who struggled for good. Knowing the power of stories in impressing on people the values of life, she decided to share the stories with the villagers, though she knew it would be a difficult journey. Making this her mission, Jo started telling stories every day at her cottage. In the beginning, only a few came to the readings. But word spread rapidly, causing more and more people to come, some of whom even traveled from far away to just listen to her stories. She also conducted workshops in which she taught people how to read and write. She was remembered and lived in her stories even after she was long gone. 1．Which can best replace the underlined phrase “got the best of” in paragraph 2? A．Discouraged. B．Beat. C．Cheated. D．Scared. 2．Why did the villagers laugh when Jo told them her discovery? A．They took her words seriously. B．They’ve already known it. C．They thought it was something meaningless. D．It was all Jo’s imagination. 3．Which of the following best describe Jo? A．Dedicated and honest. B．Devoted but confusing. C．Adventurous but careless. D．Determined and influential. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．A Hidden Treasure Discovered by Jo. B．Jo’s Journey: from Adventure to Education. C．The Power of Stories D．A Role Model in the Field of Education Passage 4 （24-25高一上•福建莆田锦江中学•期末） I found a special app on my cellphone after I turned 15 and I fell in love with it immediately. The app is a social media platform where people share snippets (片段) of their lives and content they consider worth sharing, and it’s also a space to communicate with others. While all those are obviously great things, it comes with many negative (负面的) aspects. Number 1 on the list of problems is the scrolling (滚屏) addiction. The Internet is overflowing (溢出) with content and our “Far You” page is an unending supplier of it. What I’ve come to learn through my own experience is that after some time we become so used to scrolling that it becomes a reflex action (反射动作) for us to do so whenever we’re bored. Before I used the app, I really loved writing and reading books. However, after I used it, everything changed for me. All I wanted to do was to be on my phone. Scrolling was just making me feel tired and lazy and my creativity was lost. I wasn’t feeling motivated (有积极性的) enough to get myself out of the bad cycle I’d fallen into. Finally, I realized that I was stuck. I knew I needed to get out of it. It didn’t just happen overnight though. It took me a few weeks to finally stop using the app. Now I can concentrate on reading and writing again. I’m glad I’ve made the right decision. I know many young people are struggling now just like I used to. If you think using social media platforms (媒体平台) is negatively affecting your life, then take action to quit it. I’ve managed to do that. You can do it, too. 1．What does the author think is the biggest problem of using the app? A．Being addicted to scrolling. B．Sharing too much about one’s life. C．Making one get bored easily. D．Having’ difficulty in finding good content. 2．How did the app influence the author? A．She became more creative. B．She became interested, in online stories. C．She developed some new hobbies. D．She couldn’t focus on reading and writing. 3．What do we know about the author’s quitting the app? A．She failed many times. B．She succeeded gradually. C．She managed it overnight. D．She got help from her parents. 4．What did the author want to imply in writing the text? A．Her story of using social media. B．How she began to write again. C．Social media is a double edged sword. D．Warn young people not to be addicted to social media. 主题02人与社会——新闻报道 Passage 1 （23-24高一上•福建宁德•期末） The 61-year-old potato farmer Cliff Young won the 1983 Westfield Sydney-Melbourne Ultramarathon, which took runners days to finish, in Australia. When Cliff showed up in the race, he stuck out like a sore thumb in his everyday clothes different from the other professional runners’, quickly attracting the attention of reporters present. “I grew up on a farm where we couldn’t afford horses. Whenever the storms would roll in, I’d have to go out and round up the sheep,” Cliff told reporters. “Sometimes I’d have to run those sheep for two or three days, but I’d always catch them. I believe I can run this race.” No one actually believed him. Most competitors were in their 20s and early 30s, with years of training and marathon experience. On the first day of the race, Cliff was left far behind. But he had one advantage that no one had expected. He didn’t plan on stopping until he reached the finish line while all the others had been training to run for 18 hours a day and then stop and sleep for the other six. When dawn broke, the other runners were shocked to learn that the old farmer was in the lead and that they would have to catch up with him. Although running slowly, he was the first to cross the finish line and received $10,000 as a prize. But he kept none of the prize and donated it to the homeless. Cliff continued to run. In 1997, he set out to raise funds for homeless kids by running all 16, 000 kilometers of the Australian coastline. In 2000, Cliff achieved a world age record in a six-day race in Victoria. Cliff Young died at 81, but his legend lives on. 1．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean? A．He had a special thumb. B．He suffered a hand injury. C．He seemed nervous. D．He was very noticeable. 2．What was people’s attitude toward Cliff’s confidence? A．Disappointed. B．Respectful. C．Doubtful. D．Curious. 3．What did Cliff Young do with the race? A．He saved his energy at first. B．He received good training. C．He sped up in the last two days. D．He continuously ran without sleep. 4．What keeps Cliff Young’s legend on? A．Imagination and generosity. B．Dream and devotion. C．Determination and kindness. D．Willingness and wisdom. Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建漳州•期末） “Hallucinate” — the Word of 2023 Cambridge Dictionary has named “hallucinate” as the word of the year for 2023 — while giving it an added new meaning relating to AI (artificial intelligence) technology. The added Cambridge Dictionary definition (定义) reads: “When an AI hallucinates, it produces false information, which can vary (变化) from suggestions that seem perfectly believable to ones that are clearly non-sense.” Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary’s publishing manager, said: “The fact that AIs can ‘hallucinate’ reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical (批判的) thinking skills to the use of these tools. AIs can draw out specific information we need from huge amounts and piece it together. That’s amazing. But they just stop there. The more original (原创的) you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go wrong.” Actually, at their best, AIs can only be as dependable as their training information. Humans’ professional knowledge is more important than ever, to create the truthful and up-to-date information that AIs can be trained on. AIs can hallucinate in a confident and thus more misleading manner. Their influences have been shown in real-world examples. In Google’s advertisement for its chatbot Bard, the AI tool made an error about the James Webb Space Telescope. A US law company used cases made up by AIs in court after using ChatGPT for legal research. “The widespread use of the word ‘hallucinate’ to refer to mistakes by AIs offers us a quick look at how we’re treating them as our equals,” said Dr Henry, an AI ethicist at Cambridge University. “‘Hallucinate’ is originally a verb suggesting someone experiencing a disconnect from reality,” he continued. “It mirrors an unnoticeable change in perception (认知): the AI, not the user, is the one ‘hallucinating’”. It seems that as time progresses, psychological vocabulary will be further enlarged to describe the strange abilities of the new intelligences we’re creating. 1．What can be learned about the false information AIs produce? A．It doesn’t make any sense to us. B．We didn’t know about it until 2023. C．It happens because of AIs’ limitation. D．We invented a new word to describe it. 2．What may be the key to training AIs? A．The information they’re offered. B．The way they’re trained in. C．The human experts they work with. D．The thinking skills they use. 3．Why does the author mention Google’s advertisement in paragraph 5? A．To introduce a new topic. B．To prove an established fact. C．To compare the effects AIs produce. D．To list AIs’ different applications. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The proper way to treat AIs. B．People’s understanding of AIs. C．Comments on the new use of “hallucinate”. D．The change in the meaning of “hallucinate”. Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建汕头•期末） A group of Chinese language students from Spain visited Malta for three days. They had a chance to enjoy themselves in the amazing Chinese cultural experiences there. At the Confucius Institute of the University of Malta on Saturday, the students from the Official School of Languages were attracted by traditional Chinese flute (长笛) performances, and Chinese tea making. Each of them was photographed trying on Hanfu, a form of traditional Chinese clothing. Despite their age differences, they all proved their dexterity (灵巧) at traditional Chinese works such as paper-cutting and knot-weaving. Maria Nieves, a group member, expressed her strong interest in Chinese culture, after two years of learning the language. “Despite the challenges, Chinese characters are truly beautiful,” she says. On Sunday, the group visited the Mediterranean Regional Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Paola, Malta. Under the guidance of a doctor, they practiced Ba Duan Jin, a set of exercises whose name translates as “eight steps to healthy living”. A lecture on TCM introduced them to treatments like acupuncture (针灸) and cupping, and some of the students had the chance to personally experience a treatment. Feng Hua, leader of the Chinese medical team, says that the TCM center is planning to host more students, who are interested in TCM and Chinese culture to take part in cultural exchange, and learn more about Chinese medical practice. During their visit to the China Cultural Center in Valletta on Monday, the students were drawn to the traditional Chinese lanterns hanging in front of the entrance, and also to the beautiful tea sets in the main hall. Yuan Yuan, director of the China Cultural Center in Malta, highlights the importance of cultural exchange in promoting friendship between nations. 1．What is the first destination of the students’ study visits? A．University of Malta. B．Official School of Languages. C．Mediterranean Regional Center. D．China Cultural Center. 2．How long had Maria Nieves been studying Chinese? A．Six months. B．One year. C．Two years. D．Three years. 3．How many activities were experienced by the students in Paola, Malta? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom of Chinese People B．An Amazing Language Learning Tour C．The Importance of Cultural Exchange D．Spanish Students Visit Malta for Cultural Experience 主题03 人与社会——热点问题 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） When my son was a little child, he liked to run in our driveway until he fell. He would then turn to me to see if he was hurt. If my face showed worry, he would burst out crying. If I maintained calmness, he would brush himself off and get back to running. Learning that I could so powerfully influence his mental state was a revelation (启示). Here was this human being who was counting on me to make sense of the world —not just how to tie his shoes or recite the ABCs, but how to feel. I’ve spent the past 30 years working in schools, and I’ve watched thousands of parents engage with educators and with their children. Too often, I watch parents over functioning —taking away their kids’ confidence that comes from struggling and persevering, and exhausting themselves in the process. We’re biologically wired to prevent our children’s suffering. A parent’s first response is often to remove obstacles (障碍) from their child’s path. This urge has led to pop-culture belief around pushy parenting styles, including the “Helicopter Parent,” who flies in to rescue a child in crisis, and the “Snowplow Parent,” who flattens any obstacle in their child’s way. In the 1960s, the psychologist Diana Baumrind described three parenting styles, which researchers eventually expanded to four: authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, and authoritative. Authoritarian parents make all decisions for their children with little room for negotiation. Permissive parents avoid conflict by setting few boundaries. Uninvolved parents are disconnected, providing minimal support. Authoritative parents allow for some flexibility, combining clear expectations with the willingness to listen. Authoritative parents can be referred to as “Lighthouse Parents”. Like a lighthouse that helps sailors avoid crashing into rocks, “Lighthouse Parents” provide firm boundaries and emotional support while allowing their children the freedom to deal with their own challenges. They demonstrate that they trust their kids to handle difficult situations independently. All parents show up as authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, or authoritative at different times, depending on the situation. But remembering to put parenting in perspective, focusing on long-term outcomes over short-term saves, can reduce some of the stress of parenting while also producing better outcomes for children. 1．Why does the author mention his son’s fall in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the pain children suffer in their growth. B．To highlight the importance of parents’ emotional stability. C．To show the influence parents’ responses have on children. D．To illustrate children’s ability to handle problems independently. 2．What is a possible result of over functioning according to paragraph 2? A．Parents’ anxiety and exhaustion. B．Children’s struggling and persevering. C．Children’s disappointment with their parents. D．Parents’ lack of confidence in solving problems. 3．What do “Lighthouse Parents” tend to do in their parenting? A．Remove obstacles from their children’s path. B．Provide their children with support and trust. C．Avoid participating in their children’s matters. D．Make decisions for their children without negotiation. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Parents should learn to let go if necessary. B．Being a parent comes at a considerable cost. C．Parents need prioritize children’s happiness. D．Every parenting style is a double-edged weapon. Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建厦门•期末） When Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis had disappeared completely from the wild and could only be found in zoos. But Mr. Fritz has spent his working life reintroducing the birds into the wild, and an extremely important part has been teaching the young the migration (迁徙) path. When Mr. Friz decided to lead the migration in a plane, he was laughed at. But in 2004, three years after some experiments, Mr. Fritz flew an ultralight plane slowly enough for his winged students to catch up, and led the first group from Austria to Italy. He has since led 15 such migrations. Over that time, he has rewilded 277 young ibises, many of which then started to pass the path on to their own young. But the path he taught the ibises before is no longer workable. With climate change warming the lakes where the birds summer, they now delay (推迟) their migration to November, one month later than they did just a decade ago. And they are now reaching the Alps too late to make it over the peaks (山峰) because the rising warm air flows were too weak by November to allow the birds to fly over the mountains. Determined to save them, Mr. Fritz decided he would teach the birds a new, safer migration path. The new path is about three times as long as their former 800 miles one directly south to Tuscany, Italy. Flying at a highest speed of 25 miles per hour, the trip is expected to take about six weeks, instead of the two to reach Tuscany. At Lake Constance this summer, humans and birds were practicing for their long journey. Soon, they’ll fly to Andalusia in Spain, dealing with unpredictable weather along the way. But the risks are “necessary,” Mr. Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job,” he added, “but my life’s purpose.” 1．What happened to the ibises when Mr. Fritz was born? A．They had been trained to fly. B．They had been rewilded in Italy. C．They were migrating naturally. D．They were no longer seen in the wild. 2．Why do the ibises need to learn a new migration path? A．They have forgotten the old path. B．The path they took before is longer. C．The Alps is impassable for the delayed migration. D．The changing climate has warmed the mountains. 3．What can we know about the ibises’ new migration path? A．It is higher than before. B．It takes about two weeks. C．It leads directly to Tuscany. D．It is about 2,400 miles long. 4．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Fritz? A．Inspiring but inexperienced. B．Responsible but emotional. C．Determined and creative. D．Observant and outgoing. 主题04 人与社会——学习与生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） My dad passed away peacefully at home yesterday, surrounded by his family. We are feeling grief but also gratitude. My dad’s passing was not unexpected - he was 94 and his health had been failing-so we have all had a long time to reflect on just how lucky we are to have had this amazing man in our lives for so many years. My dad had a great influence on my drive. When I was a kid, he never let me put very little effort into things I was good at, and he always pushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic（道德准则）as one of the hardest-working and most respected lawyers in Seattle. My dad's influence on our philanthropy（慈善行为）was just big. Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like in how they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad. More than anyone else, he shaped the values of the foundation. Finally, my dad had a positive influence on my most important roles - husband and father. When I am at my best, I know it is because of what I learned from my dad about respecting women and guiding children's choices with love and respect. Dad wrote me a letter on my 50th birthday. “Over time, ” he wrote, “I have told you and others not to overuse the adjective incredible. This is a word with huge meaning to be used only in extraordinary settings. What I want to say, here, is simply that the experience of being your father has been…incredible.” I know he would not want me to overuse the word, but there is no danger of doing that now. The experience of being the son of Bill Gates was INCREDIBLE. People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be. I will miss him every day. 1．The underlined part “my drive” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A．my attitude to wealth B．my interest in what is round C．my choice of work D．my effort to something 2．Based on the text, which word can be used to describe the author's father? A．Honest. B．Creative. C．Generous D．Confident. 3．At the end of the text the author implies that________. A．he regarded his father as his role model B．his father developed a strict parenting style C．people annoyed him by asking who the real Bill Gates was. D．the family were not allowed to use the adjective “incredible” 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember his beloved father B．To inform people of his father’s death. C．To reflect on his relationship with his father. D．To explain how his father got on with the family. Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建师大附中•期末） Tom Fear was driving home on Hutchinson River Parkway last week when he thought he saw a large bag in the roadway. As he got closer; he realized it was not a bag but a bald eagle. He stopped his car at the roadside, and carefully walked into the roadway to hold up the bird with his hands. “It didn’t resist (反抗) at all. I had my arms crossed. Its head was more or less lying on my arm. It was not in great shape.” Two women pulled over after seeing the 52-year-old with the bird and called the police, who contacted animal control expert Jim Horton from QualityPro Pest & Wildlife Services. He said it’s the second time in the last few months that his company has been contacted to help an eagle in trouble. Horton said it’s great what Fear did for the bird, calling it “a once-in-a-lifetime thing. ” Missy Runyan, from the Friends of the Feathered and Furry Wildlife Center Incorporated, an organization in nearby Hunter, said the bird was first thought to be hit by a car but there was no wound. It was, however, suffering from lead poisoning (铅中毒) , which influences its eyesight. “It’s likely that it hit a tree or something with its wing, leaving it grounded,” said Runyan, who’s been taking care of injured eagles for the past 15 years. Runyan said a wildlife officer was actually looking for the eagle after someone had called earlier in the day but it could not be found. She realized it was the same bird after the other call came in about it. Runyan, who is treating seven eagles now, said the infection (感染) in the eagle’s wing is being treated and it should be good to fly away in about a month and a half. 1．Which of the following can best describe Fear? A．Hard-working. B．Easy-going. C．Well-educated. D．Kind-hearted. 2．What did the two women do after seeing Fear? A．They asked the police for help. B．They took care of the bald eagle. C．They called an animal control expert. D．They sent the bird to an animal center. 3．What did Runyan talk about in paragraph 3? A．What she did for a living. B．The results of lead poisoning. C．Why the eagle was wounded. D．The knowledge of saving eagles. 4．How is Runyan helping the eagle? A．By training it to fly. B．By treating its infection. C．By learning where it came from. D．By reporting it to a wildlife officer. 32 / 51 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文+议论文） 主题01人与自我——人物故事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建泉州•期末） Born in Germany, Kathrine Switzer was an athletic and driven child. As a young girl, Switzer was active in various sports, but she faced huge troubles as there was a widely held attitude that women in sports were unattractive. In high school, she began to take running more seriously, often training in secret. She developed her determination (意志) and running skills through continuous practice, often running long distances to build her stamina (耐力). Switzer attended Syracuse University, where she trained with the men’s cross-country team. During this time, Switzer decided to run the Boston Marathon. As there was nothing in the official rulebook preventing women from entering, she signed up for the 1967 race. She used the name “K. V. Switzer”. As a result, race officials did not realise she was a woman. But when the race officials discovered she was a woman, they tried to stop her. Fortunately, her boyfriend Tom Miller and a group of men runners formed a sort of protective curtain around her. Finally, she completed the race in four hours and twenty minutes. After that, she decided to help other women athletes. The Boston Marathon finally began accepting women runners in 1972, and three years later, Switzer placed second at the race with a time of 2:51:37, her personal best. In 1977, she created the Avon International Running Circuit, a worldwide series of women’s races that lay the groundwork for the women’s marathon to become an Olympic event in 1984. Switzer went on to found the women’s running club, 261 Fearless, and entered the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2011. Still an active runner, Switzer even completed the Boston Marathon in 2017-fifty years after her historic run. “When I go to the Boston Marathon now, I have wet shoulders — women fall into my arms crying,” she said. “They’re crying for joy because running has changed their lives. They feel nothing is impossible.” 1．How did Switzer train as a young girl? A．By following a professional plan. B．By joining a cross-country team. C．By keeping running secretly. D．By seeking help from her coach. 2．What can we learn about Switzer in the 1967 marathon? A．She reached her personal best. B．She broke a record set by men. C．She lent a hand to another runner. D．She was the first woman to complete it. 3．What is the result of Switzer’s 1977 running series? A．261 Fearless was founded. B．She won many national honours. C．Women’s marathon entered the Olympics. D．Boston Marathon accepted women runners. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Kathrine Switzer: A Pioneer in Women's Sports B．The 1967 Boston Marathon: A Race Against Time C．Seeking Possibilities: A Woman of Olympic Spirits D．Breaking Limits: The Story of a Marathon Champion 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kathrine Switzer如何突破性别限制参与马拉松并推动女性运动发展的故事。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In high school, she began to take running-more seriously, often training in secret. (在高中时，她开始更加认真地对待跑步，经常秘密训练。)”可知，Switzer在小时候是通过秘密跑步来训练的。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“As there was nothing in the official rulebook preventing women from entering, she signed up for the 1967 race. She used the name “K. V. Switzer”. As a result, race officials did not realise she was a woman. (由于官方规则书中没有禁止女性参赛的规定，她报名参加了1967年的比赛。她使用了“K. V. Switzer”这个名字，因此比赛官员没有意识到她是女性。)”以及第三段“But when the race officials discovered she was a woman, they tried to stop her. Fortunately, her boyfriend Tom Miller and a group of men runners formed a sort of protective curtain around her. Finally, she completed the race in four hours and twenty minutes. (但当比赛官员发现她是女性时，他们试图阻止她参赛。幸运的是，她的男友Tom Miller和一群男跑者围在她周围，形成了一种保护屏障。最终，她以4小时20分钟的成绩完成了比赛。)”可知，当时官方规则没有禁止女性参赛，但比赛官员发现她是女性后试图阻止她，最后她完成了比赛，由此可推断她是第一个完成1967年波士顿马拉松的女性。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“In 1977, she created the Avon International Running Circuit, a worldwide series of women’s races that lay the groundwork for the women’s marathon to become an Olympic event in 1984. (1977年，她创立了Avon International Running Circuit，这是一系列全球性的女子赛跑活动，为女子马拉松成为1984年奥运会项目奠定了基础。)”可知，Switzer在 1977 年创立的跑步系列赛事为1984年女子马拉松成为奥运会项目奠定了基础，也就是使得女子马拉松进入了奥运会。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“As there was nothing in the official rulebook preventing women from entering, she signed up for the 1967 race. She used the name “K. V. Switzer”. As a result, race officials did not realise she was a woman. (由于官方规则书中没有禁止女性参赛的规定，她报名参加了1967年的比赛。她使用了“K. V. Switzer”这个名字，因此比赛官员没有意识到她是女性。)”以及第三段“But when the race officials discovered she was a woman, they tried to stop her. Fortunately, her boyfriend Tom Miller and a group of men runners formed a sort of protective curtain around her. Finally, she completed the race in four hours and twenty minutes. (但当比赛官员发现她是女性时，他们试图阻止她参赛。幸运的是，她的男友Tom Miller和一群男跑者围在她周围，形成了一种保护屏障。最终，她以4小时20分钟的成绩完成了比赛。)”、第四段中“In 1977, she created the Avon International Running Circuit, a worldwide series of women’s races that lay the groundwork for the women’s marathon to become an Olympic event in 1984. (1977年，她创立了Avon International Running Circuit，这是一系列全球性的女子赛跑活动，为女子马拉松成为1984年奥运会项目奠定了基础。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Kathrine Switzer作为女性在体育领域的先驱，如何克服重重困难，推动女性参与马拉松等体育活动，并为女性马拉松成为奥运会项目奠定基础的故事。因此，最符合文章主旨的标题是“Kathrine Switzer: A Pioneer in Women’s Sports (Kathrine Switzer：女子体育的先驱)”。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上•福建漳州•期末） “You’re fired! ” Andrew Chilton wasn’t joking. At that moment, he wanted his personal caregiver, Christy Chachere, out of his life forever. He didn’t want her to tell him he could write his own term papers. Christy didn’t give way. Andrew’s outcry was like music to her ears. “Progress!” she continued to encourage him. When Andrew was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at age eight, his mother, Cindy, was told to “get him on the list” for a caregiver to provide after-school care. However, in their city, the need for a caregiver was far higher than the supply. It was eight years before they were matched with Christy. In the beginning, Andrew’s family did their best to shelter him from life’s difficulties. “I worry about him,” Cindy said. Would he ever have a job and live independently? Cindy would do anything for her son. “You have to let him fail,” Christy told the family. “It’s the only way he’s going to learn — to be able to do things on his own.” No longer would Cindy write Andrew’s papers for him. Christy wouldn’t be helping him with homework, either. It was a little scary to step back. But everyone was on board, except Andrew. He complained (抱怨) loudly at times. But then things began to change. Christy wouldn’t do his papers for him. But she showed him how to get organized. And she coached him on how to deal with failures and difficulties, and how to break work down into small pieces so as not to feel too stressed. One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered community college. And he stopped trying to fire Christy. She’s been with him for six years now. This past summer, Andrew was a counselor (顾问) at a camp for kids with autism. Now, he’s studying to pass the driving test. Andrew says life has never been better. 1．Why did it take so long for Andrew’s family to match Christy? A．Andrew didn’t want to accept help. B．Andrew wasn’t on the list for a caregiver. C．His family tried to shelter him themselves. D．Caregivers were in great demand in their city. 2．How did Christy get Andrew improved? A．By finishing tasks for him. B．By planning his schedules. C．By providing instructions. D．By giving all-day care. 3．Which of the following best describes Christy according to the text? A．Considerate but overprotective. B．Confident but self-centered. C．Strict and adventurous. D．Wise and supportive. 4．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Caring for autistic children in the community. B．Gaining independence with a guiding hand. C．Family’s support in the growth path. D．Challenges of living with autism. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Andrew患有阿斯伯格综合征，八岁时妈妈给他找了护理员来照顾他，之后护理员Christy通过教Andrew如何独立，使Andrew的生活得到了改变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, in their city, the need for a caregiver was far higher than the supply. It was eight years before they were matched with Christy.(然而，在他们的城市，对护理人员的需求远远高于供应。八年后，他们才与Christy匹配护士)”可知，Andrew一家很久才匹配到Christy，是因为在他们的城市对护理人员的需求远远高于供应，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But she showed him how to get organized. And she coached him on how to deal with failures and difficulties, and how to break work down into small pieces so as not to feel too stressed.(但她教他如何组织起来。她还教他如何处理失败和困难，以及如何把工作分解成小块，以免感到压力太大)”可知，Christy通过提供指导来帮助Andrew进步，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘You have to let him fail,’ Christy told the family. ‘It’s the only way he’s going to learn — to be able to do things on his own.’(‘你必须让他失败，’Christy告诉这家人。‘这是他学习的唯一途径——能够自己做事情。’)”和倒数第二段中“But she showed him how to get organized. And she coached him on how to deal with failures and difficulties, and how to break work down into small pieces so as not to feel too stressed.(但她教他如何组织起来。她还教他如何处理失败和困难，以及如何把工作分解成小块，以免感到压力太大)”可知，Christy让Andrew经历失败，并指导他获得独立，展现出他的智慧；根据第二段中“But she showed him how to get organized. And she coached him on how to deal with failures and difficulties, and how to break work down into small pieces so as not to feel too stressed.(但她教他如何组织起来。她还教他如何处理失败和困难，以及如何把工作分解成小块，以免感到压力太大)”可知，Christy能够给予帮助和支持。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“One step at a time, Andrew gained independence. He graduated from high school and entered community college.(一步步地，Andrew获得了独立。他高中毕业后进入了社区大学)”可知，文章主要讲述Andrew患有阿斯伯格综合征，八岁时妈妈给他找了护理员来照顾他，之后护理员Christy通过教Andrew如何独立，使Andrew的生活得到了改变。最终Andrew获得了成功。他高中毕业后进入社区大学。B项“在一个人的指导下获得独立”为最佳标题，故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上•福建宁德•期末） My wood-shop teacher, Mr. August J. Bachmann, was the most important teacher I ever had. I had got into trouble in his class: Another student had pushed me into a wood lathe, and I became angry and began to hit him. Mr. Bachmann stopped the fight, but instead of sending me to the office, he sat me down and asked a simple question, “Penna, why are you wasting your life? Why aren’t you going to college?” I knew nothing about colleges. I had never considered a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future. That day, instead of rushing off for lunch, he stayed and explained possible education choices to me. At the end of our talk, he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college. This was in 1962 at Emerson High School. Well, 53 years have passed. I gained a doctor’s degree. I taught English and social studies. And I moved up from teacher to headmaster. I’ve won a number of educational awards now. But where would I be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me? It was without question only his confidence in me that propelled me forward. I have repaid his kindness hundreds of times by encouraging misguided youngsters. If I have saved any children, it is because of him. If I have been a successful educator, it is because I had a great role model in Mr. Bachmann. 1．What can we learn about the author when he was a child? A．He was from a happy family. B．He was punished by the teacher. C．He was the poorest in his class. D．He was not confident at first. 2．What does the underlined word “propelled” probably mean? A．Put. B．Delivered. C．Pushed. D．Called. 3．Which can best describe Mr. Bachmann? A．Honest and patient. B．Kind and humorous. C．Brave and wise. D．Caring and responsible. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this text? A．To show his thanks. B．To show his confidence. C．To repay the kindness. D．To encourage young people. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在高中时因老师Bachmann的关心和引导，从迷茫中走出，最终成为一名成功的教育者，并表达了对老师的深深感激之情。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I knew nothing about colleges. I had never considered a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future. (我对大学一无所知。我从没想过一个来自最贫穷社区的没有父亲的男孩会有未来)”可知，作者因为自己来自最贫穷的社区以及没有父亲，从未考虑过自己会有未来。由此推知，当作者还是个孩子的时候，他起初并不自信。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句的前一句“But where would I be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me? (但是，如果一位真正充满关怀的老师没有在午餐时间抽出时间来和我说话，我会在哪里呢)”表明Bachmann先生的关怀改变了作者的人生，再结合划线词的前文“It was without question only his confidence in me (毫无疑问，只是他对我的信心)”可推知，Bachmann先生对他的信心推动他前进。划线词意思应该是“推动”，与Pushed“推动，促使”意思接近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mr. Bachmann stopped the fight, but instead of sending me to the office, he sat me down and asked a simple question, “Penna, why are you wasting your life? Why aren’t you going to college?” (Bachmann先生制止了这场争斗，但他没有让我去办公室，而是让我坐下，问了一个简单的问题：“Penna，你为什么要浪费生命？你为什么不去上大学？”)”和第三段中“That day, instead of rushing off for lunch, he stayed and explained possible education choices to me. At the end of our talk, he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college. (那天，他没有匆匆去吃午饭，而是留下来给我解释可能的教育选择。谈话结束时，他让我去见一位秘书，她的孩子在一所州立大学上学)”可知，Bachmann先生在作者打架后没有惩罚他，而是耐心开导他，并帮助他规划未来。由此推知，Bachmann是一位有爱心和责任感的人。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“My wood-shop teacher, Mr. August J. Bachmann, was the most important teacher I ever had. (我的木工课老师August J. Bachmann先生是我遇到的最重要的老师)”和最后一段中“If I have saved any children, it is because of him. If I have been a successful educator, it is because I had a great role model in Mr. Bachmann. (如果我拯救了任何孩子，那都是因为他。如果我成为一名成功的教育者，那是因为我有Bachmann先生这样一位伟大的榜样)”可知，作者讲述了自己在高中时因老师Bachmann的关心和引导，从迷茫中走出，最终成为一名成功的教育者的经历，在讲述中表达了对Bachmann先生的感激之情。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上•福建莆田一中•期末） When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out, you’ll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. “I don’t know how to use a computer,” she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography (自传), After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn’t want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune (免疫的 ) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I’ve come to realize the importance of that as I’ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.” 1．Why did Mary feel regretful? A．She didn’t achieve her ambition. B．She didn’t take care of her mother. C．She didn’t complete her high school. D．She didn’t follow her mother’s advice. 2．We can know that before 1995 Mary_________. A．had two books published B．received many career awards C．knew how to use a computer D．supported the JDRF by writing 3．Mary’s second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her_________. A．living with diabetes B．successful show business C．service for an organization D．remembrance of her mother 4．When Mary received the life-changing news, she _________. A．lost control of herself B．began a balanced diet C．wanted to get a treatment D．behaved in an adult way 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mary Moore的励志故事。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out, you’ll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls. (1951年，当Mary Moore开始上高中时，她的母亲对她说：“一定要参加一个打字课程，这样当演艺事业行不通的时候，你还有其他可以依靠的东西。”Mary以典型的青少年方式回应了母亲。从那时起，“我压根儿没想过要参加打字课程，”她回忆道。)”和第二段中的“Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. (直到最近，当她开始撰写《Growing Up Again》时，她才后悔自己当初没有听从母亲的建议)”可知，Mary后悔没有听从妈妈的建议（学打字），故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. (当然，演艺事业最终成功了。在她的职业生涯中，玛丽斩获了诸多奖项。直到最近，当她开始撰写《Growing Up Again》时，她才后悔自己当初没有听从母亲的建议)”以及第三段中的“Unlike her 1995 autobiography (自传), After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). (与1995年出版的自传《After All》不同，她的第二本书较少讲述自己作为获奖女演员的生活，而更多地讲述了自己与糖尿病共存的经历)”可知，在她的演艺生涯中获得了很多奖项，在 1995 年写自传时她已经是获奖女演员了，说明在1995年之前她在事业上获得了很多奖项，故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Unlike her 1995 autobiography (自传), After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). (与1995年出版的自传《After All》不同，她的第二本书较少讲述自己作为获奖女演员的生活，而更多地讲述了自己与糖尿病共存的经历)”可知，Mary的第二本书《Growing Up Again》主要是关于她与糖尿病共处的经历，故选A。 4．推理判断题。由文章第四段中的“First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. (那天，她先是得知自己失去了腹中的孩子，接着又通过检查发现自己患有糖尿病。她像个孩子一样离开了医院，给自己买了一盒甜甜圈。多年之后，她才意识到，自己必须再次长大，掌控自己的糖尿病，而不是让疾病掌控自己。直到那时，她才戒掉了每天三包烟的习惯，克服了酒瘾，并开始遵循均衡的饮食)”可知，当Mary收到改变人生的消息时，她像孩子一样行为失控。故选A。 主题02人与社会——新闻报道 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建泉州五中•期末） Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant (芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly (无线) connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations (指控) in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology (神经学) has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding (解码) the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 1．Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ____________. A．to reduce people’s control over the outside world B．to call for more people to volunteer in the research C．to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D．to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 2．What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Full of energy. B．Close to death. C．Willing to be volunteers. D．Unlikely to be sick. 3．What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A．It has been going on for decades. B．It can also benefit healthy people. C．It can make your loved ones happier. D．It is conducted widely across the world. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B．Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C．Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D．Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices.”（Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是Elon Musk让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。）可知，Neuralink的目标是让人们能够用思维使用现代设备，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“to reduce risk to healthy monkeys,”（为了减少对健康猴子的风险）可知，为了减少对健康猴子的风险，我们选择了临终的猴子。这里的“terminal”应该是指“临终的”，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said.（“想象一下，只用你的思维就能与你的亲人联系，上网或者玩游戏，”Neuralink说。）可知，Neuralink的植入物也可以让健康的人受益，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第三段“This clinical trial is called PRIME—for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. ”（这项临床试验被称为PRIME——精确机器人植入脑机接口。顾名思义，这个过程包括使用机器人将该公司植入物的导线像手术一样植入大脑中与运动相关的部分。）可知，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。所以短文的标题为“Neuralink植入芯片于人脑”。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建仙游一中•期末） The sound of birds chirping fills the air as students at Riverview Middle School file into their outdoor classroom. This open-air space, surrounded by trees and flower beds, is part of a growing trend to take learning beyond four walls.​ Educators here say outdoor classes have noticeable benefits. Science lessons on ecosystems are more vivid when taught among actual plants and insects. Math students practice measuring by calculating the height of trees or the area of garden beds. Even literature classes have moved outside, with poetry readings under the oak tree becoming a favorite activity.​ “Students are more engaged when they’re not stuck at desks,” says principal Mr. Hernandez. “We’ve seen improvements in focus and attendance since starting the program.” Parents have noticed changes too. One mother reported, “My daughter used to hate science, but now she comes home talking about the frogs she observed in the pond behind the school.”​ There are challenges, of course. Bad weather can disrupt plans, and some lessons still require indoor labs. But the school has adapted by keeping a flexible schedule and investing in weatherproof teaching tools.​ 1．What is a growing trend mentioned in the passage?​ A．Using more technology in classrooms.​ B．Taking learning outside of traditional classrooms.​ C．Reducing the number of science lessons.​ D．Holding all classes in large auditoriums.​ 2．How do students practice math outdoors?​ A．By counting birds in the trees.​ B．By calculating tree heights and garden areas.​ C．By measuring the length of the school building.​ D．By keeping track of weather temperatures.​ 3．What benefit of outdoor classes is mentioned?​ A．Students score higher on standardized tests.​ B．Students are more engaged in their lessons.​ C．Students need less sleep to stay focused.​ D．Students spend more time on homework.​ 4．What challenge do outdoor classes face?​ A．Lack of interest from students.​ B．High cost of outdoor equipment.​ C．Disruptions due to bad weather.​ D．Difficulty in finding qualified teachers.​ 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章聚焦于Riverview中学开设户外课堂的实践，通过具体案例、师生及家长的反馈，展现了这一教育创新的效果与挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This open-air space, surrounded by trees and flower beds, is part of a growing trend to take learning beyond four walls.​ (这片被树木和花圃环绕的露天空间，是将学习带出四面墙壁这一日益流行趋势的组成部分。)”可知，文中提到的一个日益流行的趋势是将学习带出传统的四壁教室，即到户外学习。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Math students practice measuring by calculating the height of trees or the area of garden beds. (学数学的学生通过计算树木的高度或花圃的面积来练习测量。)”可知，学生们在户外通过计算树木的高度或花圃的面积来练习数学测量。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Students are more engaged when they’re not stuck at desks,” says principal Mr. Hernandez. “We’ve seen improvements in focus and attendance since starting the program.” Parents have noticed changes too. One mother reported, “My daughter used to hate science, but now she comes home talking about the frogs she observed in the pond behind the school.” (“当学生们不用被困在课桌前时，他们的参与度会更高，”校长Hernandez先生说，“自从启动这个项目以来，我们发现学生的专注力和出勤率都有了提升。”家长们也注意到了变化。一位母亲说：“我女儿以前讨厌科学，但现在她回家会念叨在学校后面的池塘里观察到的青蛙。”)”中校长的表述以及家长提到的孩子对科学态度的转变可知，户外课程的一个益处是学生在课堂上的参与度更高。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“There are challenges, of course. Bad weather can disrupt plans, and some lessons still require indoor labs. (当然，挑战也是存在的。恶劣天气可能会扰乱计划，而且有些课程仍然需要室内实验室。)”可知，户外课程面临的挑战之一是恶劣天气可能扰乱计划。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上•福建莆田八中•期末） In the time before air-conditioning, southern China’s sky wells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. Could they do it again today? A skywell, or “tian jing”, is atypical characteristic of traditional homes in southern and eastern China. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, or “yuan zi”, a skywell is smaller and less open to the outdoor environment. Its size and design differ from place to place. Skywells were designed to cool buildings at a time well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and create airflows by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening. Although skywell buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern buildings. Over the past two decades, however, skywell buildings have been making a comeback. Yu Youhong, 55, has spent more than 30 years restoring (修复) skywell homes in Wuyuan county of Jiangxi province, apart of the old Huizhou. One of the skywell homes restored by Yu is in the village of Yan, in Wuyuan county. The deserted 300-year-old house was bought by Edward Gawne, a former marketing director from the UK, and his Chinese wife, Liao Minx in, in 2015. The couple turned the three-storey house into a 14-room hotel with the help of Yu. They kept the spaces surrounding the sky wells in their original state: open and with natural airflow. Gawne says that even without air conditioning the skywell areas are very comfortable in summer. Yu says he expects sky wells to be more and more popular among younger generations especially as sustainability (可持续性) becomes an important element for new buildings. 1．What do we know about the sky wells? A．They had the same size and design. B．They were commonly seen throughout China. C．They acted as air-conditioners in the summer. D．They were fully open to the outdoors like courtyard. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When sky wells appeared. B．What sky wells look like. C．Why sky wells are no longer popular. D．How sky wells cool buildings. 3．What did the couple do with the centuries-old house? A．They enlarged its rooms. B．They moved the skywell. C．They pulled it down and rebuilt it. D．They kept part of its architectural characteristic. 4．What’s the main idea of this text? A．The comeback of sky wells. B．An introduction to an expert in sky wells. C．The preservation of traditional Chinese architecture. D．The influence of modernization on ancient buildings. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国南方的天井在建筑物中起到的作用。虽然过去一段时间天井经常被那些喜欢现代建筑的人遗忘，但是在过去的二十年里，天井建筑正在卷土重来。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Skywells were designed to cool buildings at a time well before air-conditioning existed.(天井的设计是为了在空调存在之前为建筑物降温)”可知，天井在夏天充当空调，给建筑物降温。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Skywells were designed to cool buildings at a time well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and create airflows by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening.(天井的设计是为了在空调存在之前为建筑物降温。当风吹过天井式房屋上方时，它可以通过开口进入室内空间。因为室外空气通常比室内空气冷，所以进来的风沿着墙壁传播到较低的楼层，并通过取代室内较暖的空气而产生气流，室内较暖空气通过开口上升和离开)”可知，第三段主要讲述了天井是如何在夏天让室内保持凉爽的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The deserted 300-year-old house was bought by Edward Gawne, a former marketing director from the UK, and his Chinese wife, Liao Minx in, in 2015. The couple turned the three-storey house into a 14-room hotel with the help of Yu. They kept the spaces surrounding the sky wells in their original state: open and with natural airflow. (2015年，英国前营销总监Edward Gawne和他的中国妻子廖敏英买下了这座有300年历史的废弃房屋。在余的帮助下，这对夫妇把这栋三层楼的房子变成了一家有14间客房的酒店。他们将天井周围的空间保持在原始状态：开放且具有自然气流)”可知，这对夫妇将天井周围的空间保持在原始状态。所以他们是保留了这栋三层楼的部分原始建筑特征。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the time before air-conditioning, southern China’s sky wells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. Could they do it again today?(在没有空调的时代，中国南方的天井在保持人们家的凉爽方面发挥了关键作用。他们今天能再做一次吗？)”以及全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了中国南方的天井在建筑物中起到的作用。虽然过去一段时间天井经常被那些喜欢现代建筑的人遗忘，但是在过去的二十年里，天井建筑正在卷土重来。故选A。 主题03 人与社会——热点问题 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside. However, due to the rapid upward trend in house prices in cities, people are increasingly choosing to move to a rural(乡村的) area. Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country. Living in the city continues to be extremely popular. The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work. Infrastructure is one of the biggest advantages of cities. A well-developed network of public transportation often makes that a car is not absolutely necessary. In the countryside, on the other hand, you almost always need a car to be flexible(灵活的). Related to infrastructure, mobility is also an argument for living in the city. Very often, rural regions are not or only connected to the rail network and also do not have an adequate bus system. In the cities, there is a wide range of entertaining options, from cultural opportunities and other clubs. The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities. The expansion of digital networks is still in its beginnings in some rural regions. Here, the city clearly has the better offer. However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the main topic. B．To raise readers’ interest. C．To put forward a reason. D．To present different opinions. 2．What resulted in the growth of the population in cities? A．Colorful outdoor activities. B．Low housing prices. C．More job opportunities. D．Strong cultural atmosphere. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards life in the countryside? A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Grateful. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The means of transportation in the city. B．The similarities between different cultures. C．The advantages of living in the countryside. D．The different views on living in the city or the rural area. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是篇议论文。在城市生活好还是在农村生活好？文章就这一话题，对生活在城市和农村的优缺点分别进行了阐述和讨论。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country.”（理由足以让我们仔细看看是住在城市还是住在乡村）可知，第一段提出了住在城市还是住在农村都是有一定理由的；而第二、三、四段主要是描述了住在城市或农村各自的利弊，是对住在城市或农村选择的解释说明，所以第一段是为了引出主要话题的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work.”（生活在农村地区的人口比例自19世纪中叶以工业化为标志以来一直在下降，越来越多的人到城市去找工作。）可知，自工业化以来，城市的就业机会增多，越来越多的人到城市去找工作，导致了农村人口的减少和城市人口的增长。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities.”（然而，后者也越来越多地出现在农村。此外，农村地区还提供了许多户外活动的选择。）和最后一段“However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas.”（然而，这种情况将会改变，各种研究项目和扩大数字网络的计划都旨在促进农村居民区的连接。）可知，作者认为虽然农村生活目前还有一些不便，但今后会逐渐改变，作者对此是持乐观态度的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside.”（关于住在城市好还是住在农村好这个问题，人们意见不一。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了人们对于住在城市还是农村所持有的不同观点。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建师大附中•期末） To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 1．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 2．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 3．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论孩子提出的问题与成人世界中的问题差异，引出了如何提出好问题的话题，并强调了提出好问题的重要性以及方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal.(在猜测动物时，小孩子可能会问：这是考拉吗？它是一头大象吗？（不是：它是哺乳动物吗？它生活在非洲吗？）这些问题之所以不好，是因为它们不太可能为发现动物的问题提供有效的解决方案)”可知，小孩关于动物的问题被认为是“不好的”，是因为它们无助于找出答案。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、准确的目标。当我们确实有一些实际的目标时，弄清楚它是什么可以成为提出更好问题的第一步)”可知，给人们提问的一个建议方法是明确目标。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、明确的目标)”和划线词所在句“But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still.(但是，当我们的目标不是实现某些实际目标时，情况就会变得更加_____)”是对第二段中观点“Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair.(不幸的是，在现实世界中提出好问题往往是一件更复杂的事情)”的论述。结合划线词后副词“still(依旧；仍然)”可知，没有实际目标的提问会更复杂，更令人困惑。划线词murkier与more confusing同义，表示“更令人困惑的”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem.(从幼儿园到高中，孩子们的问题从由自然好奇心驱动转变为由潜在应用驱动。他们往往不是在“表现好奇心”，而是在寻求解决某些实际问题的办法)”和最后一段中“And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals.(我们或许应该重新获得孩子们问题中的一些年轻的好奇心——不一定是通过问考拉和大象的问题，而是通过让我们的一些问题由我们的基本好奇心来引导，而不仅仅是由我们的直接目标来引导)”可推知，作者对于孩子们提问方式的变化持不赞成的态度，认为应该重新获得一些年轻的好奇心，让问题不仅仅由直接目标来引导。故选A项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建厦门•期末） “FIND YOUR PASSION (热爱)! ”  This inspiring instruction suggests it’s important to discover what truly excites us in life. But is it good advice? Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices. Our first interest can be developed into a true passion with positive experiences. But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered. This misunderstanding can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research shows there are ways to encourage a more open outlook about it. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets: fixed mindset sees interests as unchangeable, while a growth mindset views interests and passions as developed. A growth mindset of interest comes with many advantages, while a fixed mindset may discourage exploration. In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的) interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science. We offered students either our intervention (干预) or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about a case when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, stressed practices such as time management. By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers. While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them. 1．What does “this misunderstanding” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Passions can be developed with more practices. B．Interest is of great help to build up confidence. C．Passions are fixed and wait to be uncovered. D．Interest can be discouraged by repeated work. 2．Why does the author mention the “black holes” study? A．To make a prediction. B．To show the difference. C．To protest a decision. D．To explain the rule. 3．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 4? A．Students were grouped based on types of mindset. B．Reflective writings helped students build up interest. C．Study skills were used to reduce students’ stress. D．Better grades contributed to one’s favour to a subject. 4．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better. B．Find what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day. C．It can always be easy and exciting to dig into new areas. D．It is much better to get lost in the passion than to lose it. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“找到你的热爱”这一流行观念，并指出激情并非与生俱来、等待被发现的，而是可以通过好奇心、重复实践以及积极的体验逐步培养和发展的。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered.( 然而，“找到”激情意味着它已经存在并等待被发现)”可推理出，划线词指的是上文说的“激情是固定的，等待被发现”，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的)interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to  dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty.( 在一项研究中，当我们在一个易于理解的视频中激发参与者对黑洞主题的兴趣后，面对一篇技术文章时，具有固定心态的人开始不喜欢这个话题。而具有成长心态的人即使面临困难，也保持了他们新发现的兴趣)”可知，作者提到对黑洞的研究，其目的是为了对具有固定心态的人和具有成长心态的人进行对比，展示差异，故选B项。 3．推理判断题，根据第四段的“We ofered students either our intervention(干预)or a study skills module.The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rathe than found and fired.(我们为学生提供干预或学习技巧模块。干预包括阅读和反思性写作活动，帮助学牛思考兴趣和激情是发 恶而不是发现和固定的。)”以及“By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers(到学年结束时,接受干预的学生对他们的必修数学和科学课程更感兴趣,并且在这些课程中取得了更好的成绩。)”可知本 段表明反思性写作帮助学生建立兴趣，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices.(科学告诉我们，激情是可以培养和发展的。它们可以通过好奇心和重复实践得以提升)”、倒数第二段“By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers.( 到学年结束时，接受干预的学生比接受学习技能指导的同学在必修的数学和科学课程上表现出了更大的兴趣，并且在这些课程中取得了更好的成绩。)”以及最后一段“While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them(虽然我们的干预措施为学校支持学生提供了一种途径，但我们同样认为，人们也可以独立地建立起对兴趣的成长心态。认识到激情不是等待被“发现”的，而是要主动去培养和发展它们。)”可知，作者认为激情是可以培养和发展的，人们也可以独立地建立起对兴趣的成长心态，并主动去培养和发展它们，A项“Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better(热爱你所做的，你将保持前进并变得更好)”表达的含义与作者的观点一致，故选A项。 主题04 人与社会——学习与生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建三明•期末） Friends Williams and Smith Jr. spend the weeks leading up to Christmas traveling across the country. They visit all 50 states, making house calls to kids who are sick or disabled. The pair arrive with plenty of toys, and in costume, both of which make the young recipients (接受者) happy. Williams started this tradition after losing his mother to cancer in 2009, which led him into a deep sadness. Every time he met with those fighting against diseases, he decided he would do something for them. Then he founded his nonprofit organization, a Future SuperHero and Friends, in 2018. His goal: to bring smiles to children with health challenges. In past years, Williams has dressed up as various superheroes and other be- loved characters — including Spider-Man, Deadpool and the Mandalorian — while Smith dressed up as a Christmas elf (精灵). “Williams was the first person to put a smile on AJ’s face,” says Katrina Morris about her son, who was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at the age of 2. “I will never forget that day.” Williams and Smith start their gift-giving journey by driving through the 48 states before flying to Alaska and Kawaii. Along the way, they buy their toys with money provided by the Future SuperHero website, where people can also recommend families for visits.) Often, Williams contributes his own money. Their task is not just about the gifts; they spend quality time with the children and their families, providing company and warmth. Williams has said that sometimes the parents are even more excited than the children. The pair say they want to make sure families facing hard battles never feel alone. It’s what keeps them going, even when they hardly get any sleep in the process. “Every day, I get to wake up and do what I love,” Williams adds that he doesn’t do it for pay; it’s a way to recover from the sadness of losing his mother and keep his memory alive. 1．Why did Williams start visiting children? A．To travel across the country. B．To lift children’s spirits. C．To give children money. D．To found an organization. 2．What is Katrina Morris’s attitude to William’s act? A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Thankful. D．Supportive. 3．How does the website Future SuperHero help Williams and Smith? A．It offers money. B．It sells toys. C．It provides company. D．It shares stories. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Superhero and the Elf: A Tale of Two Friends. B．Fighting Cancer and Depression: A Mother’s Story. C．The 50-State Toy Drive: A Holiday Tradition. D．A Christmas Journey: Spreading Joy to the Sick and Disabled. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Williams和Smith Jr.在圣诞节前几周穿越美国5个州，给生病或残疾的孩子送玩具、陪伴他们，为他们带去欢乐的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Every time he met with those fighting against diseases, he decided he would do something for them. Then he founded his nonprofit organization, a Future SuperHero and Friends, in 2018. His goal: to bring smiles to children with health challenges.(每次他遇到那些与疾病作斗争的人时，他就决定要为他们做点什么。然后在2018年，他成立了自己的非营利组织‘未来超级英雄和朋友们’。他的目标是：给面临健康挑战的孩子们带来笑容)”可知，Williams开始拜访孩子是为了给面临健康挑战的孩子们带去快乐，提振孩子们的情绪。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Williams was the first person to put a smile on AJ’s face,’ says Katrina Morris about her son, who was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at the age of 2. ‘I will never forget that day.’(“威廉姆斯是第一个让AJ露出笑容的人，”卡特里娜·莫里斯谈到她2岁就被诊断出患有癌症的儿子时说，“我永远不会忘记那一天。”)可推知，Williams是第一个让AJ露出笑容的人，所以AJ的妈妈Katrina Morris会对Williams的行为心怀感激。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Along the way, they buy their toys with money provided by the Future SuperHero website, where people can also recommend families for visits.(一路上，他们用‘未来超级英雄’网站提供的钱购买玩具，人们还可以在这个网站上推荐需要拜访的家庭)”可知，“未来超级英雄”网站为Williams和Smith提供资金。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Friends Williams and Smith Jr. spend the weeks leading up to Christmas traveling across the country. They visit all 50 states, making house calls to kids who are sick or disabled. The pair arrive with plenty of toys, and in costume, both of which make the young recipients (接受者) happy.(朋友Williams和Smith Jr.在圣诞节前的几个星期里在全国各地旅行。他们走访了全美50个州，为生病或残疾的孩子出诊。两人带来了大量的玩具和服装，这些都让年轻的收礼者感到高兴)”可知，文章主要讲述了Williams和Smith Jr.在圣诞节期间穿越美国5个州，给生病或残疾的孩子送玩具、陪伴他们，为他们带去欢乐的故事。D选项“A Christmas Journey: Spreading Joy to the Sick and Disabled(一次圣诞之旅：给病人和残疾人带去欢乐)”能概括文章的主要内容，适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建泉州•期末） Ellen Ochoa’s life journey offers an outstanding example of how invention can lead to adventure. She first worked as a creative engineer and went on to become the world’s first Hispanic female astronaut. Ochoa graduated from San Diego State University in 1980 with a degree in Physics. Mindful of her mother’s stress on the importance of education, she entered graduate school at Stanford University. When Neil Armstrong had first walked on the moon, Ochoa was 11 years old. It never would have hit her then that she too might someday become an astronaut. However, in 1983, when Ochoa was on the way to earning her PhD in Electrical Engineering, Sally Ride became the first female U. S. astronaut. This gave Ochoa the encouragement to aim high. Upon graduation, she applied to NASA to become an astronaut herself. At Stanford, Ochoa specialized in designing optical (光学) systems that study the objects that they “see”. After graduating, she continued this work at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sandia’s work for NASA includes developing optical, computerized recordings and models of events and phenomena (现象) in space. In time, Ochoa became the co-inventor of three optical devices. Later, working at NASA’s Ames Research Center, Ochoa branched off into developing computer systems designed for space exploration. Here she also managed a team of 35 scientists. Ochoa’s excellence in optics and computer hardware had caught NASA’s attention. In 1990, NASA accepted her into its astronaut training program, and in July 1991, Ochoa became an official U. S. astronaut. Less than two years later, Ochoa flew as a Mission Specialist on a Discovery Space Shuttle Mission. Ellen Ochoa has won numerous awards for her success as an engineer, an astronaut, and a role model– not just for Hispanic or female ambitious scientists, but for anyone who believes that excellence will finally find its recognition and reward. 1．What inspired Ochoa to have a higher ambition in 1983? A．Her graduation from San Diego State University. B．Her mother’s stress on further education. C．Neil Armstrong’s life experience. D．Sally Ride’s example. 2．What did Ochoa co-invent before becoming an astronaut? A．Optical systems to see the moon. B．Computerized models used in space. C．Three optical devices. D．Computer systems for management. 3．When was Ochoa’s first visit to space? A．In 1980. B．In 1983. C．In 1991. D．In 1993. 4．What can be learnt through Ochoa’s experiences? A．Creativity starts with an idea. B．Courage is knowing what not to fear. C．Follow excellence, and success will come to you. D．Understand your limitations, and you can remove them. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述Ellen Ochoa的生活经历是一个出色的例子，说明发明可以引领冒险。她首先成为一名有创造力的工程师，然后成为世界上第一位西班牙裔女宇航员。Ellen Ochoa因其在光学和计算机硬件方面的卓越表现而受到NASA的关注，并于1990年被接纳进入宇航员培训计划。Ellen Ochoa赢得了许多奖项，成为了工程师、宇航员和榜样的成功典范。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, in 1983, when Ochoa was on the way to earning her PhD in Electrical Engineering, Sally Ride became the first female U. S. astronaut. This gave Ochoa the encouragement to aim high. Upon graduation, she applied to NASA to become an astronaut herself. (然而，1983年，当Ochoa在攻读电气工程学位博士时，萨莉·里德成为第一位美国女字航员。这鼓励了Ellen Ochoa树立远大目标。毕业后，她向美国国家航空航天局申请成为一名字航员。)”可知，Sally Ride的例子激励了Ellen Ochoa在1983年有了更高的抱负，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In time, Ochoa became the co-inventor of three optical devices. (随着时间的推移，Ochoa成为了三种光学设备的共同发明人。)”可知，Ochoa在成为宇航员之前共同发明了三个光学装置。故选C。 3．细节理解题，根据倒数第二段“In 1990, NASA accepted her into its astronaut training program, and in July 1991, Ochoa became an official U. S. astronaut. Less than two years later, Ochoa flew as a Mission Specialist on a Discovery Space Shuttle Mission.(1990年，美国国家航空航天局接受她参加宇航员培训项目，1991年7月，Ochoa成为美国正式宇航员。不到两年后，Ochoa作为任务专家参加了发现号航天飞机任务。)”可知，在1993年Ochoa第一次访问太空。故选D。 4．推理判断题，根据最后一段的“Ellen Ochoa has won numerous awards for her success as an engineer, an astronaut, and a role model– not just for Hispanic or female ambitious scientists, but for anyone who believes that excellence will finally find its recognition and reward. (Ellen Ochoa因其作为工程师、宇航员和榜样的成功而赢得了无数奖项——不仅是西班牙裔或女性雄心勃勃的科学家，也是任何相信卓越最终会得到认可和奖励的人。)”可知，Ochoa的经历让人们知道追求卓越，成功就会降临到你身上。故选C。 主题01人与自我——人物故事 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田八中•期末） Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest woman in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon. Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather is. Come rain or shine, she covers 36 miles every week, even when she’s on holiday. The retired doctor didn’t take up running until she was 46 years old —after a friend suggested running two miles per day. “The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race,” she said. “It’s one of the best races. Fantastic registration (注册), set-up and management make it a joy to run the race.” Mathea, who doesn’t allow her age to slow her down, thinks she is the happiest person when she’s on the road. She enjoys running for miles and waving and saying hello to the people she passes. To stay in shape, Mathea keeps a steady training routine (惯例) . “I train all year round but increase the mileage 18 weeks before a marathon,” she said. Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. “I see the direct relation between moving and health,” she said. “It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.” Mathea thought getting through the finish line and winning a Guinness World Record title was the excitement of her life. “My family completely surprised me after the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, in which I achieved the world record, by wearing matching T-shirts stating my achievements,” she said. 1．What do we know about Mathea from the first two paragraphs? A．She used to be in poor health． B．She is the oldest to win a marathon． C．She runs daily regardless of the weather． D．She was encouraged by her patient to run． 2．Why is Mathea keen on the Honolulu Marathon? A．It gives winners the best awards． B．It provides runners with quality service．． C．It has no time limit for runners to finish． D．It allows runners to set a world record easily． 3．What led to Mathea’s understanding of the connection between moving and health? A．Her professional experience． B．Her training courses． C．Her views on stress in life． D．Her hobby from young． 4．What message does Mathea’s story deliver? A．Practice makes perfect． B．Interest is the best teacher． C．Age is no barrier to success． D．Ups and downs make one strong． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Mathea Allansmith这位非典型祖母如何通过坚持跑步，在晚年成为完成马拉松的最年长女性的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather is. (现年94岁的Mathea来自美国夏威夷的Koloa，她每周跑步7天，一年四季都保持着良好的身材，无论天气如何。)”可知，Mathea每天都跑步，不管天气如何。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race,” she said. (她说：“Honolulu马拉松是我最喜欢的马拉松，主要是因为它没有在特定的时间关闭大门，这使得即使是最慢的运动员也能完成比赛。”)”可知，她喜欢Honolulu马拉松的原因是因为该马拉松比赛没有时间限制。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. “I see the direct relation between moving and health,” she said. “It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.” (Mathea说，她的医生职业生涯让她了解了自己的身心对饮食和运动的反应。“我看到了运动和健康之间的直接关系，”她说。“重要的是要减轻压力，而不是在没有计划的情况下忽视它。当然，任何形式的锻炼都是自然的减压方式。”)”可知，Mathea的医生职业生涯使她对运动和健康之间的关系有了全新的理解。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest -woman-in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon. (Mathea Allansmith是一位非典型的祖母，她是世界上完成马拉松比赛的最年长女性。在2022年Honolulu马拉松比赛中，她以92岁194天的年龄冲过终点线，创下了完成马拉松比赛的最年长女性纪录。)”以及全文内容可知，Mathea的故事传递了一个信息，即只要有决心和努力，年龄并不是实现非凡成就的障碍。她的故事鼓励人们不要因年龄而自我设限，而是要积极追求自己的目标和梦想。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建泉州五中•期末） Crowded by defenders, Charlie Villanueva leaps toward the basket. One hand lifts the ball high, and for a moment he seems to hang in the air. Then he hammers the ball through the rim. Slam dunk! His career may look like a slam dunk, being a national champion at the University of Connecticut, and setting beginner records with the Toronto Raptors. However, life wasn’t always easy for him. His success is due to more than his ability to play basketball and he owes much of who he is today to a skin disease called alopecia areata, which is not infectious but is caused by an error in the immune system that triggers germ-fighting cells to attack the body’s own hair-growing cells. Charlie was affected at age 10 and lost all his hair by age 12. This made him a target for bullying, leading him to withdraw and hide under caps and hoods. With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. All along the way, Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying. As the son of immigrants from the· Dominican Republic, he has even worked towards ending poverty in that country. Charlie inspires young people to embrace their individuality and have confidence in themselves. “We’re all unique in our own ways,” he says, encouraging them to remember that with dedication and self-belief, any dream is within reach. 1．Why is Charlie’s slam dunk mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To compare him with other champions. B．To highlight his skills and achievements. C．To explain how a slam dunk is performed. D．To demonstrate a specific moment in a game. 2．What made Charlie avoid his peers? A．An infectious skin disease. B．His being made fun of. C．An error in the immune system. D．His average ability to play basketball. 3．Which of the following best describes Charlie? A．Humble and responsible. B．Strong-willed and helpful. C．Innovative and generous. D．Good-natured and tolerant. 4．What message does the text convey? A．Fortune favors the prepared. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了篮球运动员查理·乌尼维加的成长经历，他克服脱发症和欺凌，通过篮球获得成功，并致力于帮助他人和反对欺凌。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“One hand lifts the ball high, and for a moment he seems to hang in the air. Then he hammers the ball through the rim. Slam dunk! His career may look like a slam dunk, being a national champion at the University of Connecticut, and setting beginner records with the Toronto Raptors. (一只手把球举得很高，有那么一会儿，他似乎悬在空中。然后他把球击过篮筐。扣篮！他的职业生涯可能看起来像一个灌篮，成为康涅狄格大学的全国冠军，并在多伦多猛龙队创造了初学者的记录。)”可知，提到他的扣篮是为了突出他的技能和成就。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“His success is due to more than his ability to play basketball and he owes much of who he is today to a skin disease called alopecia areata, which is not infectious but is caused by an error in the immune system that triggers germ-fighting cells to attack the body’s own hair-growing cells. Charlie was affected at age 10 and lost all his hair by age 12. This made him a target for bullying, leading him to withdraw and hide under caps and hoods. (他的成功不仅仅是因为他打篮球的能力，他今天的成就在很大程度上要归功于一种叫做斑秃的皮肤病，这种疾病不是传染性的，而是由免疫系统的错误引起的，这种错误会触发对抗细菌的细胞攻击身体自身的生发细胞。查理在10岁时受到影响，12岁时脱发。这使他成为欺凌的目标，导致他退缩并躲在帽子和兜帽下。)”可知，被嘲笑使他避免与同龄人接触。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. (在母亲的支持下，查理在篮球中找到了慰藉。他将挫折和压力转化为动力，不断提高自己的技能，直到他的天赋盖过了他的身体状况。欺凌停止了，他的篮球生涯开始了。)”可知，他有坚强的意志。由文章第四段中“All along the way, Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying.(一路走来，查理一直致力于帮助他人。从他作为新球员的第一年开始，他就担任了国家斑秃基金会的发言人，并建立了查理维拉纽瓦基金会，该组织旨在支持有脱发儿童的家庭，并阻止各种形式的欺凌。)”可知，查理一直致力于帮助他人，这表明他是乐于助人的。因此，坚强意志和乐于助人最能描述查理。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，由文章第三段“With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation, improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped, and his basketball career took off. (在母亲的支持下，查理在篮球中找到了慰藉。他将挫折和压力转化为动力，不断提高自己的技能，直到他的天赋盖过了他的身体状况。欺凌停止了，他的篮球生涯开始了。)”可知，查理虽然遭受了脱发症的困扰，但他凭借坚强的意志和乐于助人的品质，不仅在篮球上取得了成功，还积极帮助他人。这表明逆境使人更强大。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建漳州•期末） Once upon a time, there was a small village in the center of a big forest. All the villagers were used to their robotic farm work and none of them had the imagination or the will to try something new, except for one girl named Jo. Most villagers could not read or write, and Jo was an exception. One afternoon, when Jo was on one of her adventures in the forest, she came across an abandoned cottage. Though she’d been warned to stay away from abandoned places, her curiosity got the best of her. She slid in and was amazed to find a room full of books! Jo’s excitement was huge when she realized she had found a hidden treasure. She ran to tell the villagers everything, thinking that they would share her excitement but instead, she heard roars of laughter! Jo was confused by this reaction and a little hurt too, but she did not give up on her books. She came to the cottage every day and got down to reading the books. For her, each page was an adventure with characters who challenged difficulties with their determination and who struggled for good. Knowing the power of stories in impressing on people the values of life, she decided to share the stories with the villagers, though she knew it would be a difficult journey. Making this her mission, Jo started telling stories every day at her cottage. In the beginning, only a few came to the readings. But word spread rapidly, causing more and more people to come, some of whom even traveled from far away to just listen to her stories. She also conducted workshops in which she taught people how to read and write. She was remembered and lived in her stories even after she was long gone. 1．Which can best replace the underlined phrase “got the best of” in paragraph 2? A．Discouraged. B．Beat. C．Cheated. D．Scared. 2．Why did the villagers laugh when Jo told them her discovery? A．They took her words seriously. B．They’ve already known it. C．They thought it was something meaningless. D．It was all Jo’s imagination. 3．Which of the following best describe Jo? A．Dedicated and honest. B．Devoted but confusing. C．Adventurous but careless. D．Determined and influential. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．A Hidden Treasure Discovered by Jo. B．Jo’s Journey: from Adventure to Education. C．The Power of Stories D．A Role Model in the Field of Education 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩乔通过自己的想象力和决心，将一个被遗忘的旧书屋变成了一个充满冒险和想象力的神圣地方。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线短语的上文“Though she’d been warned to stay away from abandoned places,(虽然她被警告要远离废弃的地方)”和下文“She slid in and was amazed to find a room full of books! Jo’s excitement was huge when she realized she had found a hidden treasure.(她溜了进去，惊奇地发现满屋子都是书!当乔意识到她找到了一个隐藏的宝藏时，她非常兴奋)”可知，乔虽然被警告远离废弃的地方，但是她还是去了，说明好奇心“战胜了”她，所以划线短语是“战胜、击败”的意思。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“She ran to tell the villagers everything, thinking that they would share her excitement but instead, she heard roars of laughter!(她跑去告诉村民们一切，以为他们会分享她的兴奋，但相反，她听到了哄堂大笑！)”和第四段“Knowing the power of stories in impressing on people the values of life, she decided to share the stories with the villagers, though she knew it would be a difficult journey.(她知道故事的力量能让人们深刻认识到生命的价值，所以她决定与村民们分享这些故事，尽管她知道这将是一段艰难的旅程)”可推知，村民们哄堂大笑是因为他们对乔的发现不以为然。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Knowing the power of stories in impressing on people the values of life, she decided to share the stories with the villagers, though she knew it would be a difficult journey. Making this her mission, Jo started telling stories every day at her cottage.(她知道故事的力量能让人们深刻认识到生命的价值，所以她决定与村民们分享这些故事，尽管她知道这将是一段艰难的旅程。把这作为她的使命，乔开始每天在她的小屋里讲故事)”和最后一段“In the beginning, only a few came to the readings. But word spread rapidly, causing more and more people to come, some of whom even traveled from far away to just listen to her stories.(一开始，只有少数人来阅读。但消息迅速传播开来，越来越多的人来听她的故事，其中一些人甚至从很远的地方来听她的故事)”可知，乔是一个坚定而有影响力的人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读可知，文章主要讲述了小女孩乔通过自己的想象力和决心，在探险时发现了一个被遗忘的旧书屋并将其变成了一个充满冒险和想象力的神圣地方，吸引了越来越多的人来听她的故事，且她还举办了讲习班，教人们如何阅读和写作，所以B选项“乔的旅程：从冒险到教育”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上•福建莆田锦江中学•期末） I found a special app on my cellphone after I turned 15 and I fell in love with it immediately. The app is a social media platform where people share snippets (片段) of their lives and content they consider worth sharing, and it’s also a space to communicate with others. While all those are obviously great things, it comes with many negative (负面的) aspects. Number 1 on the list of problems is the scrolling (滚屏) addiction. The Internet is overflowing (溢出) with content and our “Far You” page is an unending supplier of it. What I’ve come to learn through my own experience is that after some time we become so used to scrolling that it becomes a reflex action (反射动作) for us to do so whenever we’re bored. Before I used the app, I really loved writing and reading books. However, after I used it, everything changed for me. All I wanted to do was to be on my phone. Scrolling was just making me feel tired and lazy and my creativity was lost. I wasn’t feeling motivated (有积极性的) enough to get myself out of the bad cycle I’d fallen into. Finally, I realized that I was stuck. I knew I needed to get out of it. It didn’t just happen overnight though. It took me a few weeks to finally stop using the app. Now I can concentrate on reading and writing again. I’m glad I’ve made the right decision. I know many young people are struggling now just like I used to. If you think using social media platforms (媒体平台) is negatively affecting your life, then take action to quit it. I’ve managed to do that. You can do it, too. 1．What does the author think is the biggest problem of using the app? A．Being addicted to scrolling. B．Sharing too much about one’s life. C．Making one get bored easily. D．Having’ difficulty in finding good content. 2．How did the app influence the author? A．She became more creative. B．She became interested, in online stories. C．She developed some new hobbies. D．She couldn’t focus on reading and writing. 3．What do we know about the author’s quitting the app? A．She failed many times. B．She succeeded gradually. C．She managed it overnight. D．She got help from her parents. 4．What did the author want to imply in writing the text? A．Her story of using social media. B．How she began to write again. C．Social media is a double edged sword. D．Warn young people not to be addicted to social media. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，揭示了社交媒体应用可能带来的成瘾问题及其对个人生活的负面影响，并鼓励年轻人认识到这些问题并积极采取措施改变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“While all those are obviously great things, it comes with many negative (负面的) aspects. Number 1 on the list of problems is the scrolling (滚屏) addiction.(虽然所有这些显然都是好的事情，但它也有许多负面的方面。问题清单上的第一个是对滚屏的依赖。)”可知，作者认为使用该应用最大的问题是沉迷于滚屏。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before I used the app, I really loved writing and reading books. However, after I used it, everything changed for me. All I wanted to do was to be on my phone. Scrolling was just making me feel tired and lazy and my creativity was lost. I wasn’t feeling motivated(有积极性的) enough to get myself out of the bad cycle I’d fallen into.(在我使用这个应用程序之前，我真的很喜欢写作和读书。然而，在我使用它之后，一切都变了。我唯一想做的就是玩手机。滚屏只会让我感到疲倦和懒惰，我的创造力就会丧失。我没有足够的动力让自己摆脱已经陷入的恶性循环。)”可知，使用该应用后，作者变得只想玩手机，感到疲惫、懒惰，创造力丧失，无法专注于阅读和写作。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Finally, I realized that I was stuck. I knew I needed to get out of it. It didn’t just happen overnight though. It took me a few weeks to finally stop using the app.(最后，我意识到我被困住了。我知道我需要摆脱它。但这不是一夜之间发生的。我花了几周时间才最终停止使用这个应用程序。)”可知，作者戒掉该应用并非一蹴而就，而是经过了几周的时间才成功。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据作者讲述自己使用社交媒体应用的经历，特别是最后一段的句子“I know many young people are struggling now just like I used to. If you think using social media platforms (媒体平台) is negatively affecting your life, then take action to quit it. I’ve managed to do that. You can do it, too.(我知道现在很多年轻人都像我一样挣扎着。如果你认为使用社交媒体平台对你的生活有负面影响，那就采取行动戒掉它吧。我已经做到了。你也可以做到。)”可知，作者通过分享自己的经历，希望提醒年轻人如果社交媒体对他们的生活产生了负面影响，就应该采取行动戒掉。因此，作者写作本文的目的是警告年轻人不要沉迷于社交媒体。故选D项。 主题02人与社会——新闻报道 Passage 1 （23-24高一上•福建宁德•期末） The 61-year-old potato farmer Cliff Young won the 1983 Westfield Sydney-Melbourne Ultramarathon, which took runners days to finish, in Australia. When Cliff showed up in the race, he stuck out like a sore thumb in his everyday clothes different from the other professional runners’, quickly attracting the attention of reporters present. “I grew up on a farm where we couldn’t afford horses. Whenever the storms would roll in, I’d have to go out and round up the sheep,” Cliff told reporters. “Sometimes I’d have to run those sheep for two or three days, but I’d always catch them. I believe I can run this race.” No one actually believed him. Most competitors were in their 20s and early 30s, with years of training and marathon experience. On the first day of the race, Cliff was left far behind. But he had one advantage that no one had expected. He didn’t plan on stopping until he reached the finish line while all the others had been training to run for 18 hours a day and then stop and sleep for the other six. When dawn broke, the other runners were shocked to learn that the old farmer was in the lead and that they would have to catch up with him. Although running slowly, he was the first to cross the finish line and received $10,000 as a prize. But he kept none of the prize and donated it to the homeless. Cliff continued to run. In 1997, he set out to raise funds for homeless kids by running all 16, 000 kilometers of the Australian coastline. In 2000, Cliff achieved a world age record in a six-day race in Victoria. Cliff Young died at 81, but his legend lives on. 1．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean? A．He had a special thumb. B．He suffered a hand injury. C．He seemed nervous. D．He was very noticeable. 2．What was people’s attitude toward Cliff’s confidence? A．Disappointed. B．Respectful. C．Doubtful. D．Curious. 3．What did Cliff Young do with the race? A．He saved his energy at first. B．He received good training. C．He sped up in the last two days. D．He continuously ran without sleep. 4．What keeps Cliff Young’s legend on? A．Imagination and generosity. B．Dream and devotion. C．Determination and kindness. D．Willingness and wisdom. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一位种土豆的农民如何在竞争激烈的马拉松比赛中脱颖而出，并展示了他如何通过跑步为无家可归者筹集资金的无私行为。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“different from the other professional runners’, quickly attracting the attention of reporters present(穿着与其他专业选手不同的日常服装，很快穿着与其他专业选手不同的日常服装)”可推测，克利夫在比赛中表现得很抢眼。选项A“He had a special thumb (他有一个特别的拇指)”；选项B“He suffered a hand injury (他手受了伤)”；选项C“He seemed nervous (他看起来很紧张)”；选项D“He was very noticeable (他很引人注目)”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“ “Sometimes I’d have to run those sheep for two or three days, but I’d always catch them. I believe I can run this race.” No one actually believed him.(“有时候我得赶两三天的羊，但我总能逮到它们。我相信我能跑完这场比赛。”实际上没有人相信他。)”可知，当Cliff深信自己可以跑完比赛时，人们对此表示怀疑。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But he had one advantage that no one had expected. He didn’t plan on stopping until he reached the finish line while all the others had been training to run for 18 hours a day and then stop and sleep for the other six.(但他有一个没人预料到的优势。直到到达终点线，他才打算停下来，而其他所有人训练的是每天跑18个小时，然后在剩下的6个小时里停下来睡觉)”可知，Cliff Young在比赛中不眠不休地跑，直到到达终点线。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On the first day of the race, Cliff was left far behind. But he had one advantage that no one had expected. He didn’t plan on stopping until he reached the finish line while all the others had been training to run for 18 hours a day and then stop and sleep for the other six.(在比赛的第一天，Cliff远远落在后面。但他有一个没人预料到的优势。直到到达终点线，他才打算停下来，而其他所有人都在训练，每天跑18个小时，然后在剩下的6个小时里停下来睡觉)”可知，Cliff是个有决心的人；根据文章第五段“Although running slowly, he was the first to cross the finish line and received $10, 000 as a prize. But he kept none of the prize and donated it to the homeless.(尽管跑得很慢，他还是第一个冲过终点线，并获得了1万美元的奖金。但他没有留下任何奖金，而是把它捐给了无家可归的人)”以及最后一段“Cliff continued to run. In 1997, he set out to raise funds for homeless kids by running all 16, 000 kilometers of the Australian coastline.(Cliff继续跑。1997年，他开始为无家可归的孩子们筹集资金，跑遍了澳大利亚16000公里的海岸线)”可知，他非常有爱心，是个善良的人。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建漳州•期末） “Hallucinate” — the Word of 2023 Cambridge Dictionary has named “hallucinate” as the word of the year for 2023 — while giving it an added new meaning relating to AI (artificial intelligence) technology. The added Cambridge Dictionary definition (定义) reads: “When an AI hallucinates, it produces false information, which can vary (变化) from suggestions that seem perfectly believable to ones that are clearly non-sense.” Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary’s publishing manager, said: “The fact that AIs can ‘hallucinate’ reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical (批判的) thinking skills to the use of these tools. AIs can draw out specific information we need from huge amounts and piece it together. That’s amazing. But they just stop there. The more original (原创的) you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go wrong.” Actually, at their best, AIs can only be as dependable as their training information. Humans’ professional knowledge is more important than ever, to create the truthful and up-to-date information that AIs can be trained on. AIs can hallucinate in a confident and thus more misleading manner. Their influences have been shown in real-world examples. In Google’s advertisement for its chatbot Bard, the AI tool made an error about the James Webb Space Telescope. A US law company used cases made up by AIs in court after using ChatGPT for legal research. “The widespread use of the word ‘hallucinate’ to refer to mistakes by AIs offers us a quick look at how we’re treating them as our equals,” said Dr Henry, an AI ethicist at Cambridge University. “‘Hallucinate’ is originally a verb suggesting someone experiencing a disconnect from reality,” he continued. “It mirrors an unnoticeable change in perception (认知): the AI, not the user, is the one ‘hallucinating’”. It seems that as time progresses, psychological vocabulary will be further enlarged to describe the strange abilities of the new intelligences we’re creating. 1．What can be learned about the false information AIs produce? A．It doesn’t make any sense to us. B．We didn’t know about it until 2023. C．It happens because of AIs’ limitation. D．We invented a new word to describe it. 2．What may be the key to training AIs? A．The information they’re offered. B．The way they’re trained in. C．The human experts they work with. D．The thinking skills they use. 3．Why does the author mention Google’s advertisement in paragraph 5? A．To introduce a new topic. B．To prove an established fact. C．To compare the effects AIs produce. D．To list AIs’ different applications. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The proper way to treat AIs. B．People’s understanding of AIs. C．Comments on the new use of “hallucinate”. D．The change in the meaning of “hallucinate”. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了剑桥词典近日宣布 2023 年年度词汇为“hallucinate”并赋予了它与人工智能技术相关的新含义。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The added Cambridge Dictionary definition (定义) reads: “When an AI hallucinates, it produces false information, which can vary (变化) from suggestions that seem perfectly believable to ones that are clearly non-sense.”(剑桥词典新增的定义是这样的：‘当人工智能产生幻觉时，它会产生虚假信息，这些信息可能会变化，从看似完全可信的建议到明显毫无意义的建议。’)”以及第三段Wendalyn Nichols所说话中的“AIs can draw out specific information we need from huge amounts and piece it together. That’s amazing. But they just stop there. The more original (原创的) you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go wrong. (人工智能可以从大量信息中提取出我们需要的特定信息，并将其拼凑在一起。这是惊人的。但他们就止步于此。你越要求他们原创，他们出错的可能性就越大。)”可知，人工智能可以从大量信息中提取出我们需要的特定信息并将其拼凑在一起，但是也仅限于此，当你越要求他们原创，他们出错的可能性就越大。由此可知，人工智能产生幻觉时会产生虚假信息，这是由于人工智能的局限性所导致的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Actually, at their best, AIs can only be as dependable as their training information. Humans’ professional knowledge is more important than ever, to create the truthful and up-to-date information that AIs can be trained on.(实际上，在最好的情况下，人工智能只能和它们的训练信息一样可靠。人类的专业知识比以往任何时候都更重要，因为它可以为人工智能提供真实和最新的信息。)”可知，人工智能的可靠性取决于训练信息，而人类的专业知识比以往任何时候都更重要，因为它可以为人工智能提供真实和最新的信息；由此可知，培训人工智能的关键是人类运用专业知识提供给它们真实和最新的信息，这可以提高人工智能的可靠性。故选A。 3．推理判断题。文章第五段“AIs can hallucinate in a confident and thus more misleading manner. Their influences have been shown in real-world examples. In Google’s advertisement for its chatbot Bard, the AI tool made an error about the James Webb Space Telescope. A US law company used cases made up by AIs in court after using ChatGPT for legal research.(人工智能可以自信地产生幻觉，从而更容易误导人。它们的影响已经在现实世界的例子中得到了体现。在谷歌的聊天机器人Bard的广告中，这个人工智能工具在詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的问题上犯了一个错误。一家美国律师公司在使用ChatGPT进行法律研究后，在法庭上使用了人工智能编造的案例。)”指出，人工智能可以自信地产生幻觉，从而更容易误导人，作者运用谷歌的聊天机器人Bard的广告中Bard犯了错误以及一家美国律师公司在法庭上使用ChatGPT编造的案例，来证明证明一个既定的事实：人工智能可以自信地产生幻觉更容易误导人，这在现实世界得到了体现；故选B。 4．主旨大意题。最后一段““The widespread use of the word ‘hallucinate’ to refer to mistakes by AIs offers us a quick look at how we’re treating them as our equals,” said Dr Henry, an AI ethicist at Cambridge University. “‘Hallucinate’ is originally a verb suggesting someone experiencing a disconnect from reality,” he continued. “It mirrors an unnoticeable change in perception (认知): the AI, not the user, is the one ‘hallucinating’”. It seems that as time progresses, psychological vocabulary will be further enlarged to describe the strange abilities of the new intelligences we’re creating.(剑桥大学人工智能伦理学家亨利Henry说：“‘幻觉’这个词被广泛用于指代人工智能的错误，这让我们迅速了解到，我们是如何平等地对待它们的。”“‘Hallucinate’最初是一个动词，表示某人与现实脱节，”他继续说道。“这反映了一种难以察觉的认知变化：产生‘幻觉’的是人工智能，而不是用户。”似乎随着时间的推移，心理学词汇将进一步扩大，以描述我们正在创造的新智能的奇怪能力。)”阐述了剑桥大学人工智能伦理学家亨利Henry对于“Hallucinate”被赋予了它与人工智能技术相关的新含义的评价，他认为这反应了我们是如何平等对待人工智能以及一种认知变化；C选项“Comments on the new use of “hallucinate”.(对‘hallucinate’新用法的评论)”能够概括本段主旨。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上•福建汕头•期末） A group of Chinese language students from Spain visited Malta for three days. They had a chance to enjoy themselves in the amazing Chinese cultural experiences there. At the Confucius Institute of the University of Malta on Saturday, the students from the Official School of Languages were attracted by traditional Chinese flute (长笛) performances, and Chinese tea making. Each of them was photographed trying on Hanfu, a form of traditional Chinese clothing. Despite their age differences, they all proved their dexterity (灵巧) at traditional Chinese works such as paper-cutting and knot-weaving. Maria Nieves, a group member, expressed her strong interest in Chinese culture, after two years of learning the language. “Despite the challenges, Chinese characters are truly beautiful,” she says. On Sunday, the group visited the Mediterranean Regional Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Paola, Malta. Under the guidance of a doctor, they practiced Ba Duan Jin, a set of exercises whose name translates as “eight steps to healthy living”. A lecture on TCM introduced them to treatments like acupuncture (针灸) and cupping, and some of the students had the chance to personally experience a treatment. Feng Hua, leader of the Chinese medical team, says that the TCM center is planning to host more students, who are interested in TCM and Chinese culture to take part in cultural exchange, and learn more about Chinese medical practice. During their visit to the China Cultural Center in Valletta on Monday, the students were drawn to the traditional Chinese lanterns hanging in front of the entrance, and also to the beautiful tea sets in the main hall. Yuan Yuan, director of the China Cultural Center in Malta, highlights the importance of cultural exchange in promoting friendship between nations. 1．What is the first destination of the students’ study visits? A．University of Malta. B．Official School of Languages. C．Mediterranean Regional Center. D．China Cultural Center. 2．How long had Maria Nieves been studying Chinese? A．Six months. B．One year. C．Two years. D．Three years. 3．How many activities were experienced by the students in Paola, Malta? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom of Chinese People B．An Amazing Language Learning Tour C．The Importance of Cultural Exchange D．Spanish Students Visit Malta for Cultural Experience 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是一群来自西班牙的汉语学生在马耳他进行了为期三天的访问，在那里享受令人惊叹的中国文化体验。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the Confucius Institute of the University of Malta on Saturday, the students from the Official School of Languages were attracted by traditional Chinese flute (长笛) performances, and Chinese tea making.(在周六，在马耳他大学孔子学院，来自官方语言学院的学生们被中国传统长笛表演和中国茶艺所吸引。)”可知，在周六，他们在马耳他大学孔子学院被中国传统长笛表演和中国茶艺所吸引，由此可知，学生学习访问的第一个目的地是University of Malta。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Maria Nieves, a group member, expressed her strong interest in Chinese culture, after two years of learning the language. “Despite the challenges, Chinese characters are truly beautiful,” she says.(小组成员Maria Nieves在学习了两年中文后，表达了对中国文化的浓厚兴趣。她说：“尽管有挑战，但汉字真的很美。”)”可知，Maria Nieves学习了两年中文后，认为中文有挑战，但是汉字真的很美，由此可知，Maria Nieves学习汉语两年了。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Under the guidance of a doctor, they practiced Ba Duan Jin, a set of exercises whose name translates as “eight steps to healthy living”.(在医生的指导下，他们练习了八段锦，这是一套名为“八步健康生活”的锻炼方法。)”可知，他们在医生的指导下练习了一套锻炼方法——八段锦，结合下文中的“A lecture on TCM introduced them to treatments like acupuncture (针灸) and cupping, and some of the students had the chance to personally experience a treatment.(一场关于中医的讲座向他们介绍了针灸(针灸)和拔火罐等治疗方法，一些学生有机会亲自体验治疗。)”可知，有些学生有机会亲自体验治疗，综合以上信息可知，学生们在马耳他保拉体验了两种活动。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“A group of Chinese language students from Spain visited Malta for three days. They had a chance to enjoy themselves in the amazing Chinese cultural experiences there.(一群来自西班牙的汉语学生访问了马耳他，为期三天。他们有机会在那里享受令人惊叹的中国文化体验。)”以及下文中介绍的这些学生在接下来的三天时间里体验到的一些中国文化，如长笛表演和中国茶艺以及“八段锦”和针灸和拔火罐等中国的传统文化可知，本文主要介绍的是一群来自西班牙的汉语学生在马耳他体验中国文化，由此可知，标题“西班牙学生访问马耳他进行文化体验”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——热点问题 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） When my son was a little child, he liked to run in our driveway until he fell. He would then turn to me to see if he was hurt. If my face showed worry, he would burst out crying. If I maintained calmness, he would brush himself off and get back to running. Learning that I could so powerfully influence his mental state was a revelation (启示). Here was this human being who was counting on me to make sense of the world —not just how to tie his shoes or recite the ABCs, but how to feel. I’ve spent the past 30 years working in schools, and I’ve watched thousands of parents engage with educators and with their children. Too often, I watch parents over functioning —taking away their kids’ confidence that comes from struggling and persevering, and exhausting themselves in the process. We’re biologically wired to prevent our children’s suffering. A parent’s first response is often to remove obstacles (障碍) from their child’s path. This urge has led to pop-culture belief around pushy parenting styles, including the “Helicopter Parent,” who flies in to rescue a child in crisis, and the “Snowplow Parent,” who flattens any obstacle in their child’s way. In the 1960s, the psychologist Diana Baumrind described three parenting styles, which researchers eventually expanded to four: authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, and authoritative. Authoritarian parents make all decisions for their children with little room for negotiation. Permissive parents avoid conflict by setting few boundaries. Uninvolved parents are disconnected, providing minimal support. Authoritative parents allow for some flexibility, combining clear expectations with the willingness to listen. Authoritative parents can be referred to as “Lighthouse Parents”. Like a lighthouse that helps sailors avoid crashing into rocks, “Lighthouse Parents” provide firm boundaries and emotional support while allowing their children the freedom to deal with their own challenges. They demonstrate that they trust their kids to handle difficult situations independently. All parents show up as authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved, or authoritative at different times, depending on the situation. But remembering to put parenting in perspective, focusing on long-term outcomes over short-term saves, can reduce some of the stress of parenting while also producing better outcomes for children. 1．Why does the author mention his son’s fall in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the pain children suffer in their growth. B．To highlight the importance of parents’ emotional stability. C．To show the influence parents’ responses have on children. D．To illustrate children’s ability to handle problems independently. 2．What is a possible result of over functioning according to paragraph 2? A．Parents’ anxiety and exhaustion. B．Children’s struggling and persevering. C．Children’s disappointment with their parents. D．Parents’ lack of confidence in solving problems. 3．What do “Lighthouse Parents” tend to do in their parenting? A．Remove obstacles from their children’s path. B．Provide their children with support and trust. C．Avoid participating in their children’s matters. D．Make decisions for their children without negotiation. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Parents should learn to let go if necessary. B．Being a parent comes at a considerable cost. C．Parents need prioritize children’s happiness. D．Every parenting style is a double-edged weapon. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是第一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍几种常见的育儿方式并强调了要正确看待育儿的重要性，应关注长期结果且并在一定程度上允许孩子独立应对挑战。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“When my son was a little child, he liked to run in our driveway until he fell. He would then turn to me to see if he was hurt. If my face showed worry, he would burst out crying. If I maintained calmness, he would brush himself off and get back to running. Learning that I could so powerfully influence his mental state was a revelation (启示). Here was this human being who was counting on me to make sense of the world —not just how to tie his shoes or recite the ABCs, but how to feel.(当我儿子还是个小孩子的时候，他喜欢在我们的车道上跑，直到摔倒。然后他会转向我，看看他是否受伤了。如果我脸上流露出担忧，他就会放声大哭。如果我保持冷静，他就会把自己掸掉，重新开始跑步。得知我能如此有力地影响他的精神状态，这是一个启示。这个人指望我来理解这个世界——不仅仅是如何系鞋带或背诵ABC，还有如何去感受。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到了儿子的摔倒，以表明父母的反应对孩子的影响。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Too often, I watch parents over functioning —taking away their kids’ confidence that comes from struggling and persevering, and exhausting themselves in the process. We’re biologically wired to prevent our children’s suffering. (我经常看到父母过度运作，剥夺了孩子从挣扎和坚持中获得的信心，并在这个过程中让自己筋疲力尽。我们天生就有防止孩子受苦的能力。)”可推测，过度运作的一个可能结果是让父母焦虑和疲惫。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Like a lighthouse that helps sailors avoid crashing into rocks, ‘Lighthouse Parents’ provide firm boundaries and emotional support while allowing their children the freedom to deal with their own challenges. (就像帮助水手避免撞上岩石的灯塔一样，‘灯塔父母’ 提供了坚定的界限和情感支持，同时允许他们的孩子自由地应对自己的挑战。)”可知，“灯塔父母”倾向于为孩子提供育儿方面的支持和信任。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由文章第二段“I watch parents over functioning —taking away their kids’ confidence that comes from struggling and persevering, and exhausting themselves in the process. We’re biologically wired to prevent our children’s suffering. A parent’s first response is often to remove obstacles (障碍) from their child’s path. This urge has led to pop-culture belief around pushy parenting styles, including the ‘Helicopter Parent,’ who flies in to rescue a child in crisis, and the ‘Snowplow Parent,’ who flattens any obstacle in their child’s way.(我看到父母过度运作，剥夺了孩子从挣扎和坚持中获得的信心，并在这个过程中让自己筋疲力尽。我们天生就有防止孩子受苦的能力。父母的第一反应通常是消除孩子前进道路上的障碍。这种冲动导致了流行文化对强势育儿方式的信仰，包括‘直升机父母’和‘雪犁父母’，前者乘飞机来营救处于危机中的孩子，后者会平整孩子前进道路上的任何障碍。)”、第三段“Like a lighthouse that helps sailors avoid crashing into rocks, ‘Lighthouse Parents’ provide firm boundaries and emotional support while allowing their children the freedom to deal with their own challenges. (就像帮助水手避免撞上岩石的灯塔一样，‘灯塔父母’ 提供了坚定的界限和情感支持，同时允许他们的孩子自由地应对自己的挑战。)”和上下文可知，作者可能同意如果必要的话，父母应该学会放手让孩子自由地应对自己的挑战。故选A项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上•福建厦门•期末） When Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis had disappeared completely from the wild and could only be found in zoos. But Mr. Fritz has spent his working life reintroducing the birds into the wild, and an extremely important part has been teaching the young the migration (迁徙) path. When Mr. Friz decided to lead the migration in a plane, he was laughed at. But in 2004, three years after some experiments, Mr. Fritz flew an ultralight plane slowly enough for his winged students to catch up, and led the first group from Austria to Italy. He has since led 15 such migrations. Over that time, he has rewilded 277 young ibises, many of which then started to pass the path on to their own young. But the path he taught the ibises before is no longer workable. With climate change warming the lakes where the birds summer, they now delay (推迟) their migration to November, one month later than they did just a decade ago. And they are now reaching the Alps too late to make it over the peaks (山峰) because the rising warm air flows were too weak by November to allow the birds to fly over the mountains. Determined to save them, Mr. Fritz decided he would teach the birds a new, safer migration path. The new path is about three times as long as their former 800 miles one directly south to Tuscany, Italy. Flying at a highest speed of 25 miles per hour, the trip is expected to take about six weeks, instead of the two to reach Tuscany. At Lake Constance this summer, humans and birds were practicing for their long journey. Soon, they’ll fly to Andalusia in Spain, dealing with unpredictable weather along the way. But the risks are “necessary,” Mr. Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job,” he added, “but my life’s purpose.” 1．What happened to the ibises when Mr. Fritz was born? A．They had been trained to fly. B．They had been rewilded in Italy. C．They were migrating naturally. D．They were no longer seen in the wild. 2．Why do the ibises need to learn a new migration path? A．They have forgotten the old path. B．The path they took before is longer. C．The Alps is impassable for the delayed migration. D．The changing climate has warmed the mountains. 3．What can we know about the ibises’ new migration path? A．It is higher than before. B．It takes about two weeks. C．It leads directly to Tuscany. D．It is about 2,400 miles long. 4．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Fritz? A．Inspiring but inexperienced. B．Responsible but emotional. C．Determined and creative. D．Observant and outgoing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了奥地利生物学家约翰内斯·弗里茨教导北方秃鹮重新迁徙的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis had disappeared completely from the wild and could only be found in zoos. (当奥地利生物学家约翰内斯·弗里茨56年前出生时，北方秃鹮已经从野外完全消失，只能在动物园里找到)”可知，当弗里茨出生的时候，在野外已经看不到北方秃鹮了。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“With climate change warming the lakes where the birds summer, they now delay (推迟) their migration to November, one month later than they did just a decade ago. And they are now reaching the Alps too late to make it over the peaks (山峰) because the rising warm air flows were too weak by November to allow the birds to fly over the mountains.(随着气候变化使鸟类避暑的湖泊变暖，它们现在将迁徙推迟到11月，比十年前晚了一个月。它们现在到达阿尔卑斯山脉已经太晚了，无法飞越山峰，因为到11月，上升的暖空气流太弱，无法让鸟类飞越山峰)”可知，气候变化延迟了鸟类的迁徙时间，它们现在到达阿尔卑斯山脉已经太晚了，因此无法飞越阿尔卑斯山脉。由此推知，阿尔卑斯山对延迟迁徙来说是无法通行的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The new path is about three times as long as their former 800 miles one directly south to Tuscany, Italy. Flying at a highest speed of 25 miles per hour, the trip is expected to take about six weeks, instead of the two to reach Tuscany.(新路径是以前直接通往意大利托斯卡纳地区的800英里路径的3倍长。以每小时25英里的最高速度飞行，预计整个旅程将需要大约六个星期，而不是到达托斯卡纳只需两个星期)”可知，新路线是以前直接通往意大利托斯卡纳地区的800英里路径的3倍长，即它大约有2400英里长。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When Mr. Friz decided to lead the migration in a plane, he was laughed at. But in 2004, three years after some experiments, Mr. Fritz flew an ultralight plane slowly enough for his winged students to catch up, and led the first group from Austria to Italy. (当弗里茨决定乘坐飞机带领鸟类迁徙时，他遭到了嘲笑。但在2004年，在进行了一些实验三年后，弗里茨驾驶一架超轻型飞机的速度慢到足以让他有翅膀的学生赶上，并带领第一批鸟从奥地利飞往意大利)”以及倒数第二段中“Determined to save them, Mr. Fritz decided he would teach the birds a new, safer migration path. (为了拯救它们，弗里茨决定教它们一条新的、更安全的迁徙路线)”可知，当弗里茨决定乘坐飞机带领鸟类迁徙时，他遭到了嘲笑，但是他依旧坚定信念，坚持实验最终成功地拯救了鸟儿，由此体现出他是意志坚定的人；同时弗里茨决心拯救这些稀有鸟类时，他想出了一个新的更安全的迁徙路线，由此体现出他有创造力。由此推知，弗里茨是一个有坚定意志和有创造力的人。故选C。 主题04 人与社会——学习与生活 Passage 1 （24-25高一上•福建莆田城厢五校•期末） My dad passed away peacefully at home yesterday, surrounded by his family. We are feeling grief but also gratitude. My dad’s passing was not unexpected - he was 94 and his health had been failing-so we have all had a long time to reflect on just how lucky we are to have had this amazing man in our lives for so many years. My dad had a great influence on my drive. When I was a kid, he never let me put very little effort into things I was good at, and he always pushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic（道德准则）as one of the hardest-working and most respected lawyers in Seattle. My dad's influence on our philanthropy（慈善行为）was just big. Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like in how they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad. More than anyone else, he shaped the values of the foundation. Finally, my dad had a positive influence on my most important roles - husband and father. When I am at my best, I know it is because of what I learned from my dad about respecting women and guiding children's choices with love and respect. Dad wrote me a letter on my 50th birthday. “Over time, ” he wrote, “I have told you and others not to overuse the adjective incredible. This is a word with huge meaning to be used only in extraordinary settings. What I want to say, here, is simply that the experience of being your father has been…incredible.” I know he would not want me to overuse the word, but there is no danger of doing that now. The experience of being the son of Bill Gates was INCREDIBLE. People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be. I will miss him every day. 1．The underlined part “my drive” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A．my attitude to wealth B．my interest in what is round C．my choice of work D．my effort to something 2．Based on the text, which word can be used to describe the author's father? A．Honest. B．Creative. C．Generous D．Confident. 3．At the end of the text the author implies that________. A．he regarded his father as his role model B．his father developed a strict parenting style C．people annoyed him by asking who the real Bill Gates was. D．the family were not allowed to use the adjective “incredible” 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To remember his beloved father B．To inform people of his father’s death. C．To reflect on his relationship with his father. D．To explain how his father got on with the family. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。本文是比尔盖茨缅怀自己的父亲写下的文章。文中描写了父亲一生的成就，对子女的教育和影响。 1．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“When I was a kid, he never let me put very lttle effort into things I was good at, and he alwayspushed me to try things I hated. He modeled an amazing work ethic (道德准则) as one of the hardest-working and mostrespected lawyers in Seattle.（当我还是个孩子的时候，他绝不会让我仅仅在自己擅长的领域浅尝辄止，他老是逼着我干我不爱干的事儿。他树立了了不起的道德榜样。他是西雅图地区工作最勤奋，最受人尊敬的律师）”可知，当作者还是个孩子的时候，作者的父亲从不让作者在擅长的事情上付出一点点努力，他总是推动作者去尝试自己讨厌的事情。他是西雅图工作最努力、最受尊敬的律师之一，树立 了令人惊叹的职业道德。由此可知，作者的父亲以身作则，为作者树立了努力工作的榜样，并且推动作者努力去完成作者不喜欢的事情。在作者努力做事上给予了极大影响，故划线词与D项意思相近。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Throughout my childhood, he and my mom taught me by example what generosity looked like inhow they used their time and resources. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation would not be what it is today without my dad.（在我整个童年时光，他和我妈用自己实际行动，用他们的时间和资源，告诉我们乐善好施应该是什么样的。如果没有我的父亲，就没有比尔梅林达·盖茨基金会的今天）”可知，作者的父亲和母亲为比尔梅琳达盖茨基金会做出了巨大贡献。从他们身上,作者明白了“慷慨”的概念。由此可知，作者的父亲致力于慈善事业，非常慷慨。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“People used to ask my dad if he was the real Bill Gates. The truth is, he was everything I try to be.（人们曾经问我爸爸他是不是真的比尔·盖茨。事实是，他是我想成为的那种人）”可知，作者想成为父亲那样的人。由此推知，作者的父亲是作者的榜样，所以作者也想成为像他那样的人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。文章第一段作者提到自己的父亲昨天去世了。从第二段开始 ，作者开始回忆父亲对自己各方面的影响，叙述父亲一生的所作所为和成就。 最后一段作者提到自 己也想成为像父亲那样的人。很明显，作者通过这篇文章，来纪念深爱的父亲。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上•福建师大附中•期末） Tom Fear was driving home on Hutchinson River Parkway last week when he thought he saw a large bag in the roadway. As he got closer; he realized it was not a bag but a bald eagle. He stopped his car at the roadside, and carefully walked into the roadway to hold up the bird with his hands. “It didn’t resist (反抗) at all. I had my arms crossed. Its head was more or less lying on my arm. It was not in great shape.” Two women pulled over after seeing the 52-year-old with the bird and called the police, who contacted animal control expert Jim Horton from QualityPro Pest & Wildlife Services. He said it’s the second time in the last few months that his company has been contacted to help an eagle in trouble. Horton said it’s great what Fear did for the bird, calling it “a once-in-a-lifetime thing. ” Missy Runyan, from the Friends of the Feathered and Furry Wildlife Center Incorporated, an organization in nearby Hunter, said the bird was first thought to be hit by a car but there was no wound. It was, however, suffering from lead poisoning (铅中毒) , which influences its eyesight. “It’s likely that it hit a tree or something with its wing, leaving it grounded,” said Runyan, who’s been taking care of injured eagles for the past 15 years. Runyan said a wildlife officer was actually looking for the eagle after someone had called earlier in the day but it could not be found. She realized it was the same bird after the other call came in about it. Runyan, who is treating seven eagles now, said the infection (感染) in the eagle’s wing is being treated and it should be good to fly away in about a month and a half. 1．Which of the following can best describe Fear? A．Hard-working. B．Easy-going. C．Well-educated. D．Kind-hearted. 2．What did the two women do after seeing Fear? A．They asked the police for help. B．They took care of the $