Unit 4 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦distribution等核心词汇、将来进行时语法及虚拟现实拓展阅读，从词汇词性搭配到语法规则辨析，再到语境填空与语篇应用，构建层层递进的学习支架。 资料通过“即学即练”巩固词汇语法，对比辨析提升思维品质，语篇融入真实语境培养语言能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生回顾强化，有效提升学习效率与综合运用能力。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage) 1．distribution n．分发，分送；分配，分布 distribute vt．　　　　　 分配；分发 distribute sth．to... 把某物分配/分发给…… distribute sth．among... 在……中分发某物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Who will be in charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims? ②The government has distributed food，medicine and money to the earthquake victims in time． ③The existing medical knowledge and skills are not equally distributed (distribute)all over the world． ④我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。 I told those international students that tea is widely distributed all over the country． 2．predict vt．预言，预告 (1)sb．/sth．be predicted to do sth． 　 　　　　 预测某人/某物做某事 It is predicted that... 据预测/预报……；人们预言/预测…… (2)prediction n． 预测；预言 make a prediction for 对……做出预言/预测 (3)predictor n． 预示物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Nobody believed his prediction (predict)then but later it turned out to be true． ②Sales were five percent lower than predicted (predict)． ③I believe that predicting (predict)earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future． ④People predict that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long． →It is predicted that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long． 3．deny vt．否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 deny (doing) sth．　 　 　 否认(做)某事 deny that... 否认…… It can't be denied that... 不可否认…… There is no denying that... 毋庸置疑……；不可否认…… deny sb．sth．＝deny sth．to sb． 拒绝给某人某物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The suspect at last admitted having received the stolen goods but denied having sold (sell) them． ②There is no denying (deny) that learning a foreign language is difficult，and when it comes to speaking the language，it can be extremely tough． ③It can't be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem． ④No one should be denied a good education． →A good education should be denied to no one． 4．illegal adj．不合法的，非法的 (1)It is illegal to do sth． 　 做某事是违法的。 (2)illegally adv． 非法地；违法地 (3)legal adj． 合法的 legally adv． 合法地；依据法律，法律上 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The station can now broadcast legally (legal)． ②They were reported to the police because they were involved in illegal(legal) activities． ③向16岁以下的人出售香烟是违法的。 It is illegal to sell cigarettes to someone under 16． 将来进行时 一、基本概念 将来进行时表示的是将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。其构成为： will/shall＋be＋动词-ing形式。 常用的时间状语有：soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，in two days，tomorrow evening等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time． 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为她那个时间在授课。 二、基本用法 1．表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 What will you be doing at nine tomorrow? 明天九点你会在做什么？ 2．表示已经决定或安排好要发生的动作。 I shall be having an exam this time tomorrow． 我明天这个时候正在考试。 3．表示预测可能会发生的事。 If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep． 如果你在早上锻炼，那么你一整天都会获得燃烧卡路里的好处，而不是在你睡觉的时候。 4．表示亲切或委婉的语气。 Will you be staying here long? 你会长时间待在这儿吗？ [即时训练1]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future．They will be moving (move) on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously． ②Since we will be walking (walk) for almost two weeks，I'll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water． ③At ten o'clock tomorrow，she will be working (work) in her office． ④你今天晚上要在家吃饭吗？ Will you be having dinner at home this evening? ⑤王教授下周同一时间将就这个主题再做一次报告。 Professor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week． 三、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 1．will/shall＋动词原形通常表示临时决定或个人意愿，而将来进行时没有这种用法。 It is a terribly heavy box．Don't worry，I'll help you to carry it． 这是一个很重的箱子。别担心，让我来帮你。 I'll be talking with him about the plan this evening． 我今晚要和他谈论这个计划。(表示稍后的安排) 2．将来进行时比一般将来时更委婉、更亲切。 When will you return me the money I lent you? 你什么时候把借的钱还给我？ When will you be returning me the money I lent you? 请问，你什么时候把借的钱还给我啊？ 3．be going to do表示计划、打算和安排要发生或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事；而将来进行时表示主观上臆断和猜测要发生某事。 He's going to do a favour for John． 他准备给约翰帮个忙。(计划、打算和安排) He will be doing a favour for John． 他要帮约翰一个忙。(强调主观上臆断和猜测) 4．现在进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这种结构通常限于表示位移或起始的动词；常与表示将来的时间状语连用。而将来进行时则表示在将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。通常加入了说话人的臆断和猜测，表示特殊的语气。即：将来进行时表将来不如现在进行时表将来语气强烈、肯定。 I am seeing Tom tomorrow morning． 明天上午我要去见汤姆。 I will be seeing Tom tomorrow morning． 明天上午我会见到汤姆。 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She will be (be) twenty-four years old next year． ②At 10 o'clock tomorrow，she will be (be) in her office and she will be writing (write) a report for the manager． ③这个学期将在七月结束，我将回到乡下的家里。 This term will end in July and I will be going back home in the country． ④看天上的闪电。恐怕马上就要下雨了，我很害怕。 Look at the lightning in the sky．It is going to rain soon．I'm afraid． ⑤如果你吃了这药，你会感觉好些的。 You will feel better if you take the medicine． 短文语境填空 Great changes 1．will take (take)place in the future．Our country 2．will be building (build)more expressways 3．to promote (promote)the local economy．People will become richer and richer; life will be more and more convenient．We 4．will be having (have)lessons online at home instead 5．of going to school．If we want to do something，the robots 6．will be performing (perform) all kinds of tasks for us according to our commands．We 7．will be living (live) in houses and flats just 8．as we do today．In 9．the year 3000，a lot of people 10．will be living (live) on space stations． 第二篇课文(Extended reading) ①virtual adj．虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 ②at the forefront of处于最前列，进入重要地位 ③for many years多年来 ④of course当然；一定 ⑤definition n．定义；释义，解释 ⑥lie in在于 ⑦headset n．耳机 ⑧(be) equipped with配备有…… ⑨sensor n．传感器，敏感元件 ⑩be surrounded by被……围着 ⑪practical adj．实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 ⑫a host of许多，大量 ⑬academic adj．教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 ⑭interact with与……互动 ⑮imagine doing sth．想象做某事 ⑯immersive adj．(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 ⑰in a... way用一种……的方式 ⑱engage vi．& vt．吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 ⑲learning efficiency学习效率 ⑳such as例如 ㉑a variety of 各种各样的 ㉒sound like听起来像 ㉓a lot of许多 ㉔what if 假如……会怎么样 ㉕twin n．双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj．双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 ㉖be applied to被应用于 ㉗try... on... 在……上做实验 ㉘as well as也 ㉙either... or... 或者……或者…… ㉚look forward to盼望；期待 ㉛clone n．好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt．克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 ㉜go on holiday去度假 ㉝have the opportunity to do sth．有机会做某事 ㉞take a... tour进行一次……的旅游 ㉟in both of these cases在这两种情况下 ㊱make choices做出选择 ㊲I can't wait！我等不及了！ ㊳ as with与……一样 ㊴barrier n．障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 ㊵boil down to归结为，基本问题是 ㊶fine-tune vt．对……微调 ㊷initial adj．最初的，开始的n．首字母 ㊸in the beginning 在开始的时候 ㊹over time随着时间的推移 ㊺figure out弄清楚 ㊻in terms of从……的角度；就……来说 ㊼deal with处理 ㊽optimistic adj．乐观的，抱乐观看法的 be optimistic about对……持乐观态度 ㊾keep in mind记住 ㊿serve up提供 at faster speed以更快的速度 Virtual① reality SUSAN：Frank，you've been working at the forefront of② developments in virtual reality for many years③．Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works[1]? FRANK：Of course④．The basic definition⑤ of VR lies in⑥ the name itself，which means “reality that is not real”[2]．When you wear a VR headset⑦ equipped with⑧ sensors⑨ and a screen[3]，you are surrounded by⑩ three-D images，sounds and other sensory information，which creates a super-realistic effect called “presence”．Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real，part of your brain believes it is[4]—and acts accordingly． [2]which引导的非限制性定语从句。 [3]when引导的时间状语从句。equipped with sensors and a screen是过去分词短语作后置定语，equip与headset 之间是被动关系。 [4]这是一个主从复合句。句中包含一个though引导的让步状语从句，其中know后面有一个宾语从句 the sensory information surrounding you is not real，其中surrounding you是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰the sensory information。主句中believes后接一个宾语从句 it is。 SUSAN：Thanks，Frank．Can you give some examples of the practical⑪ applications VR has? FRANK：I'd love to．There are a host of⑫ educational applications．Academic⑬ VR enables students to interact with⑭ others in a three-D environment．There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system．Imagine studying⑮ the solar system or the human body in a fully immersive⑯ environment．By delivering the content in a meaningful way⑰，this new approach to learning manages to engage⑱ students' interest and enhance learning efficiency⑲．The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize data such as⑳ engineering projects and a variety of㉑ other design developments．[5] It's pretty exciting! [5]to make it easier to visualize data... 是不定式短语作状语，其中it是形式宾语，其真正的宾语是to visualize data... 。 SUSAN：This sounds like㉒ it has a lot of㉓ constructive applications．What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine? FRANK：Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery．What if㉔ I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin㉕” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient[6]? This technology can be applied to㉖ train new surgeons；it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on㉗ human subjects．Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction are other valuable and cost-effective applications of VR． [6]that doctors could create a virtual “twin”是宾语从句。in order to practise delicate surgery作目的状语；before attempting it on the patient作时间状语。 SUSAN：That is amazing! It sounds like VR will be a life-changing technology as well as㉘ a life-saving one．How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives，such as entertainment，shopping and travelling? FRANK：The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR．Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or㉙ virtual opponents[7]．It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common．[8]When shopping online，you can look forward to㉚ being able to have your own virtual reality clone㉛ try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views．Also，people who want to go on holiday㉜ will have the opportunity to㉝ take a virtual tour㉞ of several destinations before deciding where to go[9]．In both of these cases㉟，this technology will help people make more informed choices㊱． [7]so that引导目的状语从句。句中含有两个并列的谓语动词enter和play。 [8]句型“It won't be long before... ”用不了多久就…… [9]who want to go on holiday是定语从句，修饰先行词people。before deciding where to go是时间状语；where to go是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作deciding的宾语。 SUSAN：I can't wait！㊲ However，as with㊳ any technology，there must be some barriers㊴ to the development of VR，I guess? FRANK：It really boils down to㊵ three things—time，cost and technical limitations．We will need time to develop and fine-tune㊶ the hardware and software．The initial㊷ cost will discourage most people in the beginning㊸ but that should be fixed over time㊹．The last issue is our own technical limitations．Just trying to figure out㊺ how to do what we want in terms of㊻ technology will prove challenging in some areas． [10] [10]Just trying to figure out... technology是动词-ing形式短语作主语。how to do what we want in terms of technology是宾语从句作figure out的宾语。此外what we want in terms of technology也是宾语从句，作do的宾语。 SUSAN：Considering there are so many challenges to deal with㊼，are you still optimistic㊽ about the future of VR? FRANK：Sure．When talking about VR，we should keep in mind㊾ its quick rate of evolution．The possibilities seem endless．For example，5G technology，with its potential to serve up㊿ more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed，will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are[11]．Indeed we are only limited by our imagination．What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology． [12] They're well equipped to become part of a technological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today[13]． SUSAN：Thank you，Frank．It all sounds wonderful． [11]句中it作形式宾语，其真正的宾语是to enjoy a more immersive VR experience... 。wherever they are是让步状语从句。 [12]What excites me the most 是主语从句，在句子中作主语。that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology是表语从句，其中包含一个定语从句who are comfortable with technology，作digital citizens的定语。 [13]that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today是定语从句，修饰先行词a technological generation。其中还包含一个定语从句we might think impossible today，修饰先行词things。 虚拟现实 苏珊：弗兰克，你已经在虚拟现实技术开发的最前沿工作了很多年。你能告诉我们虚拟现实是什么，它是如何工作的吗？ 弗兰克：当然。虚拟现实的基本定义在于其名字本身，意思是“不真实的现实”。当你戴上装有传感器和显示屏的VR耳机时，你会被三维图像、声音和其他感官信息所包围，这创造了一种超级现实的效果，叫作“存在”。虽然你知道周围的感觉信息不是真实的，但你大脑的一部分相信它是这样的——而且会采取相应的行动。 苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。你能给出一些实际应用VR的例子吗？ 弗兰克：我很乐意。(虚拟现实)有大量教育方面的应用。学术虚拟现实使学生能够在三维环境中与他人互动。在虚拟现实系统中可以创建的主题有无穷无尽的可能性。想象一下在一个完全沉浸式的环境中研究太阳系或人体。通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。可以扩展应用程序，使可视化数据更容易，如工程项目和各种其他设计开发。这很令人兴奋！ 苏珊：听起来它有很多建设性的应用程序。它对像医学这样的高科技行业的用途如何？ 弗兰克：外科医生已经用机器人虚拟现实技术来做复杂的手术。如果我告诉你，医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”，以便在病人身上做手术之前进行精密的手术，你会怎么做？这项技术可以用于训练新的外科医生；它还使专家能够在人类受试者上做实验之前安全地测试新技术。治疗焦虑和毒瘾是虚拟现实的其他有价值和成本效益的应用。 苏珊：太神奇了！这听起来像是虚拟现实将是一种改变生命的技术，也将是一个拯救生命的技术。它将如何影响我们日常生活的不同方面，比如娱乐、购物和旅行？ 弗兰克：娱乐业是虚拟现实中最热情的拥护者之一。当前的游戏系统配备了耳机，让玩家可以进入虚拟环境，并与真实的或虚拟的对手一起玩。不久之后，虚拟博物馆和互动三维展览会很常见。网上购物时，你可以期待能够拥有与自己一样的虚拟现实克隆体用来试衣服，并能360度地看到产品。此外，想去度假的人将有机会在决定去哪里之前进行几个目的地的虚拟旅行。在这两种情况下，这项技术将帮助人们做出更明智的选择。 苏珊：我等不及了！然而，就像任何技术一样，我想，VR的发展一定会有一些障碍对吗？ 弗兰克：实际上就归结为三件事——时间、成本和技术局限。我们需要时间来开发和微调硬件和软件。最初的成本会阻碍大多数人开始，但这应该会随着时间的推移而得到解决。最后一个问题是我们自己的技术限制。只是想弄清楚如何在技术方面做我们想做的事情，在某些领域会很有挑战性。 苏珊：考虑到有很多挑战要面对，你对VR的未来仍然乐观吗？ 弗兰克：当然。当谈论VR时，我们应该记住它快速的进化速度。可能性似乎无穷无尽。例如，5G技术有潜力以更快的速度提供更稳定的移动连接，使人们无论在哪里都能享受更身临其境的虚拟现实体验。事实上，我们只是受到了我们的想象力的限制。最让我兴奋的是，今天的年轻人是数字公民，他们对技术很满意。他们已经准备好成为科技一代的一部分，他们将开发并使用VR来做我们今天可能认为不可能的事情。 苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这一切听起来都很棒。 6 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $