Unit 3 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语Reading模块语言知识，系统梳理affect、contract等10个核心词汇的释义、搭配及辨析（如arise/raise/rise区分），并详解过去分词作定语、疑问词+不定式等3大语法点，配套即学即练形成知识支架。 资料以讲练结合为特色，通过词汇辨析（如resist用法）培养思维品质，多样化练习（语法填空、阅读七选五）提升语言运用能力与学习能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后学生可借练习巩固查漏，强化知识掌握。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading) 1．affect vt．影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 (1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动 be affected with a high fever 发高烧 (2)effect n． 作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Affected(affect) with a high fever，he continued with his work． ②Some people's feelings can be greatly affected by the weather． ③我们所做的任何贡献都将对海洋保护产生重大影响。 Whatever contribution we make will have a big effect on the ocean conservation． 2．contract vt．感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同，合约 (1)sign a contract　　　 签订合同 keep a contract 遵守或履行合同 make a contract with 与……签订合同 (2)contract in　 　 　 　 承诺参加 contract out 订约不参与；订约把……承包出去 contract to do sth． 订立……的合同(或契约) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①How many of the companies have contracted in so far? ②I don't want to be associated with your scheme; I'm contracting out． ③I have come to make a contract with you for the business under discussion． ④他们已立约承建一条穿越非洲的铁路。 They have contracted to build a railway across Africa． 3．arise vi．(arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起床；起立；起身 arise from＝arise out of 　　　 由……引起/产生；从……中产生 arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来 [名师点津]　arise为不及物动词，表示“发生，出现”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty，misunderstanding，problem，quarrel，trouble等抽象名词，无被动语态。 [辨析比较]　raise，rise，arise raise vt．(raised，raised) 有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义，意为“举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植”。 rise vi．(rose，risen) 说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日/月/云/雾/烟/蒸汽/温度/物价等，无被动语态。 arise vi．(arose，arisen) 主语一般为抽象名词，意为“(现象、问题、困难等)出现；发生”。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the meeting? ②A number of high buildings have arisen (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins． ③随着越来越多的人出国旅游，自然会出现各种各样的问题。 As more and more people travel abroad，it's natural that various problems will arise． 4．restrict vt．限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 (1)restrict... to... 　 把……限制/限定在…… (2)restriction n． 限制；约束 impose/place a restriction on sth． 对某事物实行限制 (3)restricted adj． 受限制的，受约束的 (4)restrictive adj． 限制(性)的，限定(性)的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be restricted (restrict)． ②Many members think the rules were too restrictive (restrict)． ③We must place restrictions (restriction) on private companies． ④今后我们会把班级规模限定在20人。 In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students． 5．prohibit vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能 　　　　　　 　 　　 禁止某人做某事 prohibit (doing) sth． 禁止(做)某事 (2)prohibition n． 禁止；禁令 a prohibition against/on... ……的禁令 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum． ②The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against the hunting of whales． ③The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport． ④Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places． →Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people/people's using mobile phones in some places．(prohibit sb．/sb．'s doing sth．) →Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places．(prohibit sb．from doing sth．) 6．resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 (1)resist vi．& vt．　 　 抵制；反抗；抵挡 resist doing sth． 反对做某事 can't resist doing sth．＝can't help doing sth． 忍不住做某事 (2)resistant adj． 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 be resistant to sth． 对某物有抵抗力 [名师点津]　resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can't/can hardly/be not able to等连用；resist 后接动词-ing形式，不接不定式。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①She couldn't resist showing (show) off her new skirt the moment she entered the classroom． ②Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water． ③We should do exercise to build up resistance (resist) to disease． ④The little girl couldn't help asking her parents to buy the beautiful skirt． →The little girl couldn't resist asking her parents to buy the beautiful skirt． 7．characteristic n．特征，特点 adj．典型的，独特的 (1)character n．　　　 品格，品质；特征，特性； (书、戏剧或电影中的)人物，角色； 文字，字体；性格 in character 符合某人的性格 out of character 不符合某人的性格 (2)It is characteristic of sb．to do... 某人会做……；做某事是 某人的作风(或特点)。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was entirely in character for Rechel to put her baby first． ②I can't believe she lied to me—it seems so out of character． ③忘记带礼物来正是他的作风。 It is characteristic of him to forget to bring a present． 8．put sth．in place 准备就绪 in place　　　　　　　　 在适当的位置；适当 in place of sb．/sth．＝in sb．'s/sth．'s place 代替；顶替 in the first place 起初；第一 out of place 不在适当位置；不合适 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The chairs for the concert were all in place． ②Because Susan was in France at that time，her youngest sister took up the prize in place of her． ③在一群外国人中间我觉得不自在。 I felt out of place among the foreigners． ④现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。 Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal． 9．debate vt．& vi．讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n．讨论，争论；辩论 (1)have/hold a debate about/over/on 　　　　 　 　 举行关于……的讨论 under debate 在讨论中，在辩论中 beyond/without debate 无可争议 (2)debate with sb．about/over sth． 和某人谈论某事物 debate sth．with sb． 和某人辩论某事物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is a fact without/beyond debate that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy． ②It is reported that the country's health care reform is still under debate． ③委员会将讨论是否将俱乐部会员的年龄降至16岁。 The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16． ④昨天他和父亲就这个问题展开了讨论。 He debated with his father about/over the question yesterday． 10．without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 (1)beyond doubt　　 毫无疑问，的确 in doubt 不确定，不肯定 no doubt 无疑；确实地 There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… (2)doubtful adj． 可疑的，有疑问的；有问题的；不确定的 [名师点津]　(1)doubt作动词时： ①在肯定句中接whether/if引导的宾语从句。 ②在否定句、疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。 (2)doubt作名词时： ①在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句。 ②在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt that more and more people prefer shopping online nowadays． ②I don't doubt that the plan is practical，but I doubt whether/if he will stick to the plan until it's finished． ③全面考虑之下，我怀疑他是否能胜任这个职位。 Taking everything into consideration，I doubt/ have some doubt whether/if he is qualified for the position． 1．过去分词(短语)作后置定语 (教材P30)Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop． 我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。 [句式分析]　needed...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰information。 [例]　The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road． 那些在暴风雨中被刮倒的树木已经被清除出路面了。 (1)过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系，少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表被动。 (2)单个过去分词作定语往往前置，过去分词短语作定语须后置。用作定语的过去分词(短语)在意思上与一个定语从句相似。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The company made (make) up of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis． ②The audience，deeply affected (affect)，warmly applauded for a long time． ③We must keep a secret of the things being discussed (discuss) here． ④Most of the people who were invited to attend the party were famous scientists． →Most of the people invited to attend the party were famous scientists． 2．疑问词＋不定式 (教材P31)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately． 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。 [句式分析]　how to use it appropriately为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作介词about的宾语。 [例]　 I would be grateful if you could give me some advice on how to improve my English． 如果你能给我一些提高英语的建议，我会感激不尽的。 whether，what，which，whom，who，where，when，how等加不定式构成的结构在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、表语和宾语。 (1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动形式而不能用被动形式。 (2)why后加不定式时，省略to。 (3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①When and where to hold(hold)the meeting remains to be discussed further． ②Why not discover (discover) what you enjoy and do that? ③There are so many kinds of conventional handicrafts on sale that I can't make up my mind which to purchase． →There are so many kinds of conventional handicrafts on sale that I can't make up my mind which one I should purchase/which one should be purchased． ④The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble． →The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble． 3．动词-ing形式短语作主语 (教材P33)Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes affect lifespans． 科学家说，定位这16个遗传标记将大大提高他们对基因如何影响寿命的理解。 [句式分析]　locating these sixteen genetic markers为动词-ing形式短语，在从句中作主语。 [例]　Speaking in public is a challenge to a lot of people． 对于很多人来说，公众演讲是一个挑战。 动词-ing形式短语作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念时，常将it放在句首，作形式主语。常用的固定句型有：It's a waste of time doing... ；It's no use/good doing... ；It is useless doing...等。 [名师点津]　不定式、动词-ing形式都可作主语，但后者作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；前者多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次(将要发出)的动作。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Knowing (know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies． ②Being surrounded (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction． ③Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight． ④不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no use/It is useless complaining without taking action． Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．He specializes in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries． 2．He believes students ultimately (ultimate) learn more and encourages them to form study groups． 3．This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have natural resistance (resist) to it． 4．The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without restriction (restrict)． 5．All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with my homework． 6．Without appropriate software，a computer would be a mere box． 7．The heavy rain has damaged our school playground and it will be restored (restore) tomorrow． 8．For safety's sake，it is best to delete (delete) traces of personal information produced online． 9．We should always bear in mind that in the past many traffic accidents arose (arise) from drunk driving． 10．Eventually，laws were passed guaranteeing workers fair wages and working hours and prohibiting (prohibit) child labor． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．正如你已经知道的，基因组编辑被认为是一项颠覆性的技术，影响疾病治疗。 As you have known/As is known to you，genome editing is considered as a game-changing technology，affecting disease treatments． 2．恢复盲人的视力或纠正异常基因可以通过基因组编辑来完成。 Restoring a blind person's vision or correcting abnormal genes can be done by means of genome editing． 3．尽管基因组编辑有很多好处，但它也会引发一些道德问题。 Despite the fact that genome editing brings in a lot of benefits，it may cause some moral issues． 4．因此，必须禁止科学家们利用基因组编辑创造“设计婴儿”。 Therefore，scientists must be prohibited from using genome editing to create “designer babies”． 5．毫无疑问，如果以适当的方式进行限制，基因组编辑将成为科学史上最伟大的发明之一。 There is no doubt that with restrictions placed in a proper way，genome editing will be one of the greatest inventions in the history of science． Ⅲ．课文语法填空 A biologist is giving a lecture about the new possibilities genome editing can bring．He is very eager to share his 1．excitement (excite) with us． Genes play 2．an important role in shaping our lives because they decide everything of us，3．ranging(range) from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths．A genome，the complete set of genes inside a cell，carries the information influencing our 4．growth(grow)，development，health and even lifestyle．Since genes are 5．related(relate) to certain diseases，geneticists believe gene editing is an effective way 6．to treat(treat) and prevent them．It can change，correct，delete 7．or replace specific parts of the genetic material，which will be 8．beneficial(benefit) to different types of the disabled． Despite many advantages，we should take appropriate control of this technology，otherwise it would lead 9．to moral issues．Although there exist some debates，genome editing is still one of the greatest 10．inventions(invention) in the history of science，yet we should try to adopt it wisely． 课时提升作业(七)　(UNIT 3　Reading) (总分：45分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．In this box are some stem cells(细胞) that are urgently needed by a patient． 2．I'd like to make an appointment with the dentist(牙科医生) to have my bad teeth pulled out． 3．You cannot legally take possession of the property until the contract(合同) is signed． 4．Almost all companies in that building prohibit (禁止) sleeping on the job，even during breaks． 5．The girl deleted(删除) some important information by mistake the other day． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The country's present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money． 2．When and where to build(build) a new teaching building hasn't been decided． 3．The suggestion he put forward related to railway construction is still under debate． 4．To make it easier to get(get) in touch with us，you'd better keep this card in hand． 5．There is no restriction(restrict) on the number of people，so you can come to attend the meeting if you like． Ⅲ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分) A There really are apps for everything，and some could end up saving your life． What3words This free download is one of a growing number of smartphone apps that could mean the difference between life and death．What3words divides the world into 3×3 metre squares，giving each one a unique combination of three words．This allows emergency services—or anyone else you give the location to—to reach you if you have an Internet connection．It is used by emergency services in the UK and other countries and has saved thousands of lives． WhatsApp Lots of us use WhatsApp for messaging and calling，but do you know it also has a Live Location feature that can let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you're in danger? You can simply press the “＋” key in a chat，select “Location”，and then press “Share Live Location”，which enables any participant in the chat to see your location in real time for the Period you choose． Stay Alive With mental health problems on the increase，this suicide prevention app could be extremely helpful．Developed by Grassroots Suicide Prevention，it offers a wealth of resources，ranging from ways of staying calm when you feel upset or have other bad moods，to breathing exercises and direct links to national and local crisis resources．And this app doesn't ask for an Internet connection to get the information． St John Ambulance First Aid An app like this is more useful for saving someone else's life than your own，but it's a must-have on your smartphone．It gives advice on dealing with emergencies，including choking，allergic reactions and performing CPR．You don't have to have an Internet connection in order to use it． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几款能够救命的APP。 1．What do What3words and WhatsApp have in common? A．They are a little expensive． B．They are hard to operate． C．They can sense danger． D．They offer location services． D　[推理判断题。根据What3words中“This allows emergency services—or anyone else you give the location to—to reach you...”以及WhatsApp中第一段内容可知，两款软件的共同点在于都有定位功能。故选D。] 2．Which app can you turn to for help if you feel disappointed? A．What3words． B．WhatsApp． C．Stay Alive． D．St John Ambulance First Aid． C　[细节理解题。根据Stay Alive中的“... it offers a wealth of resources，ranging from ways of staying calm when you feel upset or have other bad moods...”可知，当你沮丧或者心情不好时，可寻求这款APP的帮助。故选C。] 3．What do the four apps have in common? A．They deal with emergencies． B．They don't need an Internet connection． C．They are mainly favoured by patients． D．They can be used to chat with others． A　[细节理解题。根据What3words中的“This allows emergency services”，WhatsApp中的“... let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you're in danger？”，Stay Alive中的“With mental health problems on the increase，this suicide prevention app could be extremely helpful．”以及St John Ambulance First Aid中的“It gives advice on dealing with emergencies，including choking，allergic reactions and performing CPR．”可知，这四款app都用于处理紧急情况。故选A。] B Through an analysis of fMRI brain scan images taken from 138 people，the new artificial intelligence(AI) algorithm (算法) achieved an accuracy rate of over 99 percent in detecting potential indicators of Alzheimer's disease (阿尔茨海默病)．In particular，the method is able to pick out signs of mild cognitive impairment or MCI(轻度认知障碍)—which is the step between cognitive decline(as normally associated with aging) and Alzheimer's disease．Often，MCI won't come with any physical symptoms that can be spotted．However，it's also important to note that MCI doesn't always necessarily mean Alzheimer's disease—but it's an important potential indicator of the disease in the future． While human analysis of fMRI scans for signs of MCI can well adapt to various situations，humans are nowhere near as fast or reliable as deep learning techniques，which learn from vast databases of training data，and then apply that knowledge to new data in intelligent ways． “Of course，we don't dare to suggest that a medical professional should ever rely on any algorithm 100 percent．Think of a machine as a robot capable of doing the most tedious task of sorting the data and searching for features，” says Rytis Maskeliūnas，a professor from the Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) in Lithuania． Once the computer software has highlighted potential cases，specialists can then review and confirm them．An earlier diagnosis means earlier treatment，even if we're yet to discover a way of stopping Alzheimer's disease completely． “Although this was not the first attempt to diagnose the early onset of Alzheimer's disease from similar data，our main breakthrough is the accuracy of the algorithm，” says Maskeliūnas． Various methods are used to detect Alzheimer's disease right now，including eye tracking，voice analysis，and even the installation of sensors in people's homes—but AI methods like the one outlined in this new study promise to be faster and simpler． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI新算法对诊测到阿尔茨海默病潜在症状的准确率非常高，并介绍了这种方法的优势和人们对此的看法。 4．What do we know about MCI? A．It can be identified by AI algorithm． B．It can be easily discovered by people． C．It is certainly caused by a certain disease． D．It brings about apparent physical changes． A　[细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，AI算法可以检测到MCI的症状。故选A。] 5．What is an advantage of human analysis of fMRI scans? A．More reliable．　 B．More accurate． C．Much faster． D．More flexible． D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“While human analysis of fMRI scans for signs of MCI can well adapt to various situations”可知，通过人体fMRI(功能性磁共振成像)扫描来分析MCI的迹象可以很好地适应各种情况。因此可推断，人体fMRI扫描分析的优势是更加灵活。故选D。] 6．What's the author's attitude to AI methods in identifying Alzheimer's disease? A．Doubtful． B．Neutral． C．Uncertain． D．Favorable． D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“Various methods are used to...but AI methods like the one outlined in this new study promise to be faster and simpler．”可知，目前有各种方法被用于检测阿尔茨海默病，但像这项新研究中概述的人工智能方法有望更快、更简捷。因此，作者对这种方法持支持的态度。故选D。] 7．Which can be the best title for the text? A．AI Gained a New Function in Health Care B．AI Can Offer Early Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease C．AI Can Identify Signs of Alzheimer's Disease with High Accuracy D．Modern Technologies Are Helpful in Protecting Our Health C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段首句并结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了AI新算法对诊测到阿尔茨海默病潜在症状的准确率非常高，且介绍了这种方法的优势以及人们对此的看法。故C选项“人工智能可以高度准确地识别阿尔茨海默病的迹象”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。] Ⅳ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) French Customs Around Eating Meals France is celebrated globally for its cooking contributions．French food customs are a delightful blend of tradition，etiquette (礼仪)，and a genuine passion for quality and pleasure． 1 ． ·Eating amongst family and friends Mealtime in France is a special time for family and friends to gather，chat，and enjoy the art of good food． 2 ，these moments are rarely rushed．Instead，they are enjoyed as a chance to connect，catch up，and share in the common delight of cooking exploration． ·Taking time to enjoy meals 3 ．Dining is seen as a joyous celebration of life's flavours．In France，it's common to see lunch breaks extend over an hour，with everyone taking the time to enjoy their meal．This unhurried approach to eating encourages mindful consumption，improved digestion，and a greater appreciation for the food． ·The etiquette of dining It is a blend of manners，customs，and a bit of common sense． 4 ．Cutlery (餐具) is typically placed directly on the tablecloth．Leaving food on your plate might be seen as wasteful while finishing everything might imply you're still hungry．Remember，the pace is slow and steady! · 5 French meals are as much about conversation as they are about food．The conversation is just as important as the food itself．French people like to share stories and opinions while eating．Topics flow freely around the table，from politics to personal stories．There might even be a good debate at table! A．The art of conversation at table B．The food-centered conversation C．Let's start a journey to explore them together D．In the French tradition，meals are never a rushed affair E．Whether it's a simple weekday meal or a grand Sunday lunch F．It starts with a simple “bon appétit” wishing everyone a good meal G．Since French cuisine is renowned for its unique flavors and deep culture [答案]　1－5　CEDFA 4 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $