Unit 3 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）
Period 3 
语言知识讲练(Reading)
1．affect vt．影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with a high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n． 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Affected(affect) with a high fever，he continued with his work．
②Some people's feelings can be greatly affected by the weather．
③我们所做的任何贡献都将对海洋保护产生重大影响。
Whatever contribution we make will have a big effect on the ocean conservation．
2．contract vt．感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同，合约
(1)sign a contract 签订合同
keep a contract 遵守或履行合同
make a contract with 与……签订合同
(2)contract in 承诺参加
contract out 订约不参与；订约把……承包出去
contract to do sth． 订立……的合同(或契约)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①How many of the companies have contracted in so far?
②I don't want to be associated with your scheme; I'm contracting out．
③I have come to make a contract with you for the business under discussion．
④他们已立约承建一条穿越非洲的铁路。
They have contracted to build a railway across Africa．
3．arise vi．(arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生；起床；起立；起身
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arise from＝arise out of
由……引起/产生；从……中产生
arise from one's chair/seat
从椅子/座位上站起来
[名师点津] arise为不及物动词，表示“发生，出现”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty，misunderstanding，problem，quarrel，trouble等抽象名词，无被动语态。
[辨析比较] raise，rise，arise
raise vt．(raised，raised) | 有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义，意为“举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植”。 |
rise vi．(rose，risen) | 说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日/月/云/雾/烟/蒸汽/温度/物价等，无被动语态。 |
arise vi．(arose，arisen) | 主语一般为抽象名词，意为“(现象、问题、困难等)出现；发生”。 |
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the meeting?
②A number of high buildings have arisen (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins．
③随着越来越多的人出国旅游，自然会出现各种各样的问题。
As more and more people travel abroad，it's natural that various problems will arise．
4．restrict vt．限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束
(1)restrict... to... 把……限制/限定在……
(2)restriction n． 限制；约束
impose/place a restriction on sth． 对某事物实行限制
(3)restricted adj． 受限制的，受约束的
(4)restrictive adj． 限制(性)的，限定(性)的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be restricted
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(restrict)．
②Many members think the rules were too restrictive (restrict)．
③We must place restrictions (restriction) on private companies．
④今后我们会把班级规模限定在20人。
In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students．
5．prohibit vt．(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能
禁止某人做某事
prohibit (doing) sth． 禁止(做)某事
(2)prohibition n． 禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on... ……的禁令
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum．
②The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against the hunting of whales．
③The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport．
④Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places．
→Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people/people's using mobile phones in some places．(prohibit sb．/sb．'s doing sth．)
→Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places．(prohibit sb．from doing sth．)
6．resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗
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