Unit 1 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（译林版）

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)

1．found vt．创建，创办；建立，兴建

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Their marriage was founded on/upon love and mutual respect．

②An exhibition marking the 90th anniversary of the founding (found)of our school is being put on in our school hall．

③It will enable teenagers to lay a solid foundation (found) of football at an early age．

④这所大学建立于20世纪初。

The university was founded in the early twentieth century．

2．accuse vt．谴责，控诉

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①The accused (accuse) was accused of being a murderer，but the judge found him innocent．

②No one could ever accuse this government of not caring about the poor．

③球迷们被指责故意在公共场所制造麻烦。

The football fans were accused of purposely causing trouble in public．

3．witness vt．& vi．是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象 n．目击人，见证人；证人

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译

①With economy developing at great speed，our city has witnessed(witness)  quite a few changes in recent years．

②The success of the show bears witness to our good planning．

③警方希望听到任何目击这场事故的人的消息。

a．The police would like to hear from anyone who witnessed the accident．

b．The police would like to hear from anyone who was the witness to the accident．

c．The police would like to hear from anyone witnessing the accident．

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的构成

过去完成时由“had＋动词-ed形式”构成。

二、过去完成时的基本用法

1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。

When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years．

我在街上走着时，偶然遇见了多年未见的戴维。

2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语(从句)：before＋表过去的从句，by＋过去时间，after＋表过去的从句，by the end of＋过去时间，by the time＋表过去的从句等。

It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me．

很久以后我才能完全领会他们为我做的一切。

3．表示“愿望、计划、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望、计划或打算。

I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor．

昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。

4．常使用过去完成时的句型

(1)This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb．had done．这是某人第几次做某事。

It was the third time that he had made the same mistake．

这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。

(2)It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb．had done sth．自从某人做某事以来多久了。

It was exactly five years since her father had died．

她父亲去世正好五年了。

(3)hardly (scarcely)...when.../no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang．

他刚一进房间电话铃就响了。

[名师点津]　若把句型中的hardly，scarcely，no sooner提前放在句首，主句需用部分倒装，即将助动词had提前。

Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down．

我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。

[即时训练1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I had finished (finish) my homework before supper was ready．

②I had wanted (want) to lend you some money，but you didn't ask．

③I had meant (mean) to visit you，but an unexpected thing happened．

④It was the first time I had gone (go) abroad．

⑤By the end of last June they had treated (treat) over 10，000 patients．

三、过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别