Unit 6 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词复习这一核心知识点，系统梳理can/could、may/might等情态动词表能力、推测、请求许可等用法，以及情态动词+have done结构的应用。通过“美文诵读语境体悟-分点用法讲解-单句练习巩固”的学习支架，构建从感知到应用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以Cassini航天器任务美文为语料，将语法知识融入真实语境，提升学生语言理解与表达能力。通过对比辨析不同情态动词用法（如can表能力与推测），培养思维品质，多样化练习（单句写作、阅读七选五等）助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Using language) 复习情态动词 美文诵读 语法体悟 　　On 15 October 1997，the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn(土星)．So great was the distance from Earth that it ①would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination．When it reached Saturn，it sent back amazing images of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light．Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it ②could collect data．Over the following years，Cassini took some 450，000 images of the planet and its moons．Finally，on 15 September 2017，Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it ③would meet a fiery(熊熊燃烧的) end．Scientists had decided that Cassini ④must be destroyed this way，so it ⑤would not collide with any of Saturn's moons．In its nearly 20-year mission，Cassini provided so much information that scientists ⑥could not process it all．No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye，saying，“Farewell，dear Cassini! We ⑦shall never forget you！” 情态动词是一种本身具有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词可以表示推测，如①、③和⑤的would是表示对过去事情的推测，意为“将会”； ②和⑥的could表示能力，意为“能够”； ④的must表示强调，意为“必须，一定”； ⑦的shall表示强调意愿，等同于will。 1．can和could (1)表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去一般的能力。 My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn't last year． 我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。 [名师点津]　was/were able to表示有能力并且成功地做成了某事。 The fire spread through the building very quickly，but everyone was able to get out． 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延了整个大楼，但是每个人都逃了出去。 (2)can用于肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”。 Anyone can make mistakes． 任何人都可能犯错。 (3)表示请求和允许。could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can。 —Could/Can I use your bike? ——我可以用你的自行车吗？ —Of course you can． ——当然可以。 (4)表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。 What can they be doing there? 他们可能正在那里干什么？ He can't be in the classroom，for the light has been turned off． 他不可能在教室，因为灯已经关了。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Parents are doing all they can to help their children achieve their ambitions． ②She asked the clerk if she could arrange the examination at about ten the next day． ③以我来看，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。 In my opinion，a person without friends can never be happy． ④只有通过面对面交谈我们才有机会说服他改变主意。 Only by talking face-to-face can we have the chance to persuade him to change his mind． 2．may和might (1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might比may语气更委婉；给予许可时肯定回答用may而不用might，否定回答一般用mustn't/can't。 —May/Might I play the computer games after supper? ——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？ —Yes，you may．/No，you mustn't/can't． ——是的，可以。/不，不行。 (2)表示推测，意为“可能，或许”。 We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet． 我们今晚或许去看电影，但还未确定。 (3)用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。 May you be happy every day and succeed in your work! 祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利！ (4)“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。 There is nothing to do，so I may/might as well go to bed． 没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Life is unpredictable；even the poorest may/might become the richest． ②They may be having a meeting，but I'm not sure． ③当我有不同的观点时，我或许会选择把它放弃而尊重大多数人的观点。 When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority． ④我们倒不如利用这次机会来提高我们的英语口语水平。 We might/may as well take advantage of the opportunity to improve our oral English． 3．must和have to (1)表示“必须；应该”，must一般指主观，而have to指客观上表示“不得不”。 We must do everything step by step． 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 I have to go now for I've a meeting 15 minutes later． 我现在必须走了，因为15分钟后有场会议。 (2)表示推测，意为“一定会”，此时只能用在肯定句中。 You have worked hard all day．You must be tired． 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。 (3)mustn't表禁止，而have to的否定式意为“不必”。 You mustn't play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself． 你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己的。 We don't have to take it too seriously—just for fun． 我们不必把它太当回事儿——只是为了好玩。 (4)表示偏执、固执，意为“偏要，硬要”。 If you must play，please go out． 如果你硬要玩，那就出去吧。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①I'm sorry，but you must go wrong．There's no such man here． ②If you must go and play football，at least wait until school is over． ③最后一班公共汽车开走了，因此他只好步行回家。 The last bus had left，so he had to go home on foot． ④你不可以在这里停车！这是紧急出口。 You mustn't park here! It's an emergency exit． 4．will和would (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。 We will never give up working，whatever happens． 无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。 They said that they would fight against the haze． 他们说要与雾霾作斗争。 (2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would比will更委婉。 Will/Would you please take a message for me? 你能帮我捎个口信吗？ (3)表示习惯。will指现在，would指过去。 She will listen to music for hours． 她总是听音乐，一听就是几个小时。 We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories． 晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他的故事。 [名师点津]　would与used to两者均表示“过去常常”，但would表示过去重复、习惯性动作；而used to则强调过去与现在的对比。 He would take a walk near the forest in the evening． 他晚间常在森林附近散步。 He used to spend all his money on food and drink；now he lives a simple life． 他过去把钱都花在吃喝上；现在可节省了。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①When he lived in the countryside，he would go fishing every day． ②Would/Will you tell me something about local customs? ③我过去常常开车上班，但是现在我骑自行车上班。 I used to go to work by car，but now I go to work by bike． ④我们永远不会放弃努力实现梦想。 We will never give up trying to make our dreams come true． 5．shall和should (1)shall用于第一和第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I buy some picture books for the children? 要我给孩子们买些图画书吗？ (2)shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。 You shall finish your homework first before you go out and play． 你得先做完作业再出去玩。 No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission． 未经许可，读者不可以把书带出图书馆。 (3)should表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。此时ought to比should语气要强。 You should/ought to put more effort into your work． 你应该更加努力地工作。 (4)should表示预测可能性，意为“按道理应该会”。 He left Paris in the morning．So he should arrive here by supper time． 他早上离开巴黎。因此他晚饭前应该能到。 (5)should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。 It is strange that such things should happen in our school． 真奇怪，这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①You shall be punished for what you have done． ②You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady． ③你犯了那么多错，下次应该认真。 You have made so many mistakes．You should/ought to be careful next time． ④在这次活动中，每个人都会有机会展示自己的才能。 Everyone shall have a chance to show their talents in this activity． 6．need和dare (1)need既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 Tony has known the good news，so you needn't tell it to him． 托尼已经知道了这个好消息，因此你不必再告诉他了。 Need I pay the whole amount now? 我必须现在全部付清吗？ [名师点津]　由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用needn't或don't have to。 —Need I answer the question? ——我需要回答那个问题吗？ —Yes，you must．/No，you needn't/don't have to． ——是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。 (2)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。 I dare not walk through the wood at night． 夜间，我不敢在小树林里走。 How dare you talk to me like that? 你竟敢那样对我说话？ 单句写作 ①他吓得不敢动。 He was so frightened that he dared not move/didn't dare to move． ②如果你有什么重要的事要做的话，今天下午的会议就不要参加了。 You needn't/don't need to come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do． 7．情态动词＋have done (1)must have done表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做过某事。” From what you said，she must have told you all about it． 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 (2)can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，意为“不可能已经……” 或 “可能已经……了吗？”；用在肯定句中，表示对过去没有实现的可能性的遗憾，意为“本来能做……实际上却未做”。 Mr Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now． 史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。 You could have done better，but you didn't try your best． 你本来能做得更好，但你没尽全力。 (3)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。 You should have done more exercise before． 以前你应该多进行锻炼的。 I was really anxious about you．You shouldn't have left home without a word． 我真的为你担心。你不该不打声招呼就离开家。 (4)need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。 As it turned out to be a small family party，we needn't have dressed up so formally． 由于这是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。 (5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。 He might have said so at the meeting，but I'm not sure． 他或许在会上说过这样的话，但我说不准。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①He needn't have watered(water) the flowers，but he needed to do something to kill time． ②他本可以通过这次考试的，可是他太粗心了。 He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless． ③你很熟悉这个城市；你一定在这里待了很长时间。 You are very familiar with the city；you must have stayed here for a long time． ④他们不应该走那么早。瞧，经理正在发火。 They shouldn't have left so early．Look，the manager is losing his temper． 1．(教材原句)Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate． *submit v．提交；顺从，屈服(submission n．提交；屈服) submit．．．to．．．　　 把……提交给…… submit to．．． 顺从于……(to是介词) submit oneself to．．． 使自己顺从于……(to是介词) [名师点津]　在submit．．．to．．．短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”；而在submit to 短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服”。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①The report submitted(submit) to the manager yesterday was being discussed at the meeting． ②No country would submit to being controlled(control) by another country in the world． ③The final date for the submission(submit) of proposals is March 14． ④(应用文写作之通知)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15． 2．(教材原句)Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost! *sign up (for) 报名参加(……) (1)sign in/out 签到/签退 sign(to sb．)to do sth． 示意/打手势(让某人)做某事 (2)a sign of．．． ……的标志/迹象 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①If you are interested，sign up on our school website before August 10． ②He was desperately signing to me not to mention(mention) anything about him． ③在交流中，微笑通常是友好和真诚态度的一种醒目标志。 In communication，a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude． ④他报名参加了一门语言课程以提高他的语言技能。 He signed up for a language course to improve his language skills． 课时提升作业(十七)　(Unit 6　Using language) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：96.5分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共4小题；每小题1.5分，满分6分) 1．That new white car bought by his father is totally awesome (很好的)． 2．The mask she was wearing was so lifelike (逼真的) that it was quite frightening． 3．Please submit (提交) your articles before 18th each month to the editor． 4．The experiments were carried out under simulated (模拟的) examination conditions． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．When he was young，he would climb the small hill every morning． 2．You must be hungry after all that walking． 3．Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy． 4．Before running，we should get started by a pair of comfortable running shoes． 5．I may/might finish reading the book tomorrow，but I am not sure about it． 6．Only by respecting cultural differences can we build harmonious international relationships． 7．There was plenty of time，so she needn't have hurried． 8．You couldn't have seen Mary at the meeting this morning，because she left for Beijing yesterday． 9．How dare you say such rude things to your parents? 10．It is a long time since we met last time．You should/ought to come and see me more often． Ⅲ．完成句子(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) 1．她非常害怕，不敢跟任何人透露此事。 She was so frightened that she didn't dare to/dare not breathe a word of it to anyone else． 2．孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了；否则，他们就会按计划在湖边露营了。 The children must have been lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camping as scheduled． 3．你的论文需要反复修改。 Your paper needs polishing/needs to be polished again and again． 4．我刚刚发现我今天下午必须要参加一个重要会议。 I have just found that I will have to attend an important meeting this afternoon． Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) I 1．needn't have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me．Ellen is a fantastic dancer．I wish I 2．could dance as well as her．No one 3．can be compared with Ellen in dancing．Jack is a great talker．It's high time that he 4．should do something instead of just talking．I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 5．might do in China．Teachers recommend parents 6．shouldn't allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety．Students 7．must obey school rules．One of our rules is that every student 8．shall wear the school uniform while at school． It is required by the rules that students 9．shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship．Students are encouraged to read extensively during spare time．However，it is beyond my understanding that many adults 10．should be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) The Tianzhou-8 robotic cargo ship was launched on Friday night in Hainan Province，becoming the last spacecraft to visit China's Tiangong space station in 2024． With the cargo vessel on top of it，a Long March-7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11：13 pm local time from a launch service tower at the Wenchang Space Launch Center，according to the China Manned Space Agency． After a short flight，the rocket placed the Tianzhou-8 into its preset low-Earth orbit and the solar wings on the cargo ship unfolded，marking the successful completion of the launch mission，the agency said． The spacecraft is scheduled to approach and then dock with the space station's Tianhe core module within three hours after its launch． As the 15th spaceship to visit Tiangong，Tianzhou-8 is tasked with resupplying propellants (推进剂) to the Chinese space station and delivering living and work necessities for the Shenzhou XIX astronauts，who have been in orbit for two weeks． The materials inside the cargo vessel are sufficient to support a crew of three for nine months，according to its designers at the China Academy of Space Technology． Tianzhou-8's predecessor，Tianzhou-7，was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday and started a period of solo flight． It is programmed to fall back to the Earth soon，and most of the spaceship will burn up during reentry，although a small amount of debris is expected to fall into secure areas in the South Pacific Ocean，according to the director Mr Ma from the space agency． Orbiting the Earth at a distance of around 400 kilometers，Tiangong has three permanent parts—a core module (舱) and two science capsules—and is regularly connected to several visiting crew and cargo spaceships． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了天舟七号运载火箭把肩负运送太空站给养的天舟八号货运飞船送入预定轨道。 1．What is the sign that shows the success of this launch mission? A．That the Long March-7 carrier rocket lifted off at 11：13 pm． B．That Tianzhou-7 was unlocked from the Tiangong space station on Sunday． C．That Tianzhou-7 entered a low-Earth orbit and the solar wings unfolded． D．That Tianzhou-8 functioned well in the planned orbit． D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a short flight，the rocket placed the Tianzhou-8 into its preset low-Earth orbit and the solar wings on the cargo ship unfolded，marking the successful completion of the launch mission，the agency said．”可知，这次发射任务成功的标志是天舟八号在计划轨道上运行良好。故选D。] 2．What is the attitude of the director Mr Ma towards the reentry of the Tianzhou-7? A．Pessimistic． B．Optimistic． C．Neutral． D．Ambiguous． B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，其态度是乐观的。故选B。] 3．We can infer from the passage that ________ ． A．the best launch time for Tianzhou-7 is at night B．Tianzhou-8 entering its preset low-Earth orbit is the last part of its mission C．all the debris of the spaceship will be burnt during reentry D．the supplies in Tianzhou-8 are enough to support a single member crew for over two years D　[推理判断题。根据第六段可知，够三个人9个月的给养，如果供给一个人可以维持27个月，即两年多。故选 D。] 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China launches Tianzhou-8 cargo craft to send supplies． B．Tianzhou-8 is safe to launch． C．How the Tianzhou-8 cargo craft works． D．The Tianzhou-8 cargo craft was last launched． A　[主旨大意题。根据第一段以及第六段内容可知，文章主旨是中国发射天舟八号货运飞船运送物资。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Exoplanets：The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars．For centuries，scientists and natural philosophers have indicated that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system． 1 However，we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades． In 2015 NASA's Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone．This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn't be too hot or too cold for liquid water．So far，only a small part of our galaxy，the Milky Way，has been explored． 2 Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars，it is very difficult to see them directly． 3 For example，as an exoplanet circles a star，the star pulls it and causes it to shake．As the star moves unsteadily，it changes the wavelength of the light we see．Measuring these slight changes is another method of discovering exoplanets． 4 When an exoplanet moves between its star and us，it causes a small drop in the star's brightness．By measuring this drop，NASA's Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets． 5 As time progresses and technology improves，who knows what else we may find! A．It is one of the most productive methods． B．Therefore，scientists use indirect methods． C．These are just two examples of the methods scientists use． D．Even so，scientists have confirmed more than 3，500 exoplanets． E．Astronomers have received signals indicating the presence of a planet． F．Direct observation of the exoplanets is becoming increasingly possible． G．The existence of extrasolar planets，or exoplanets，has long been discussed． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来，科学家和自然哲学家已经指出，夜空中的恒星有类似于我们的太阳系的行星系。文章主要介绍了科学家发现外行星的一些方法。 1．G　[上文提出科学家和自然哲学家指出夜空中的恒星有类似于我们自己的太阳系的行星系已经有几个世纪了，下文说我们在过去几十年里才开发出证明它们存在的技术，结合选项可知，G项与下文形成转折关系，表明虽然这个问题已经讨论了很久，但直到最近几十年才开发出证明它们存在的技术，逻辑连贯，符合语境。G项中的“existence”对应下文中的“existence”。故选G。] 2．D　[根据上文“So far，only a small part of our galaxy，the Milky Way，has been explored．”可知，上文提到了人类对银河系的探索情况，设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文；结合选项可知，D项符合语境，说明科学家的探索结果。故选D。] 3．B　[根据上文 “Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars，it is very difficult to see them directly．” 可知，上文提到很难直接看到外行星。根据下文“For example．．．discovering exoplanets．” 可知，下文介绍了其他检测外行星的方法。结合选项可知，B项承接上文，说明很难直接看到外行星的结果，即使用间接方法，同时引出下文对间接方法的介绍，承上启下，符合语境。B项中的“indirect”与上文中的“directly”形成对比。故选B。] 4．A　[上文提到了一种发现外行星的方法，根据下文“When an exoplanet．．．many exoplanets．”可知，美国国家航空航天局通过这种办法发现了许多外行星，可见这一办法非常有效。结合选项可知，A项符合语境，故选A。] 5．C　[根据下文 “As time progresses and technology improves，who knows what else we may find！”和上文中介绍的两种科学家发现外行星的办法并结合选项可知，C项总结上文介绍的两种方法，同时引出下文提到的除了这两个例子之外的情况，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Being an astronaut sounds cool，doesn't it? In space，they get to do some pretty amazing things，like 1 in zero gravity．However，without 2 ，there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do，and that's very 3 ．What's worse，they can't even let their sadness show—because it's impossible to 4 in zero gravity． Of course，astronauts can still produce tears．But crying is much more difficult in space．Because of their 5 environment，tears don't flow downward out of the eyes．This 6 that when you cry in space，your tears have nowhere to go—they just 7 there．In May 2011，astronaut Andrew J．Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks． Besides making your 9 unclear，this can also cause physical pain．Back on Earth，tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes．But that's not the case in space．“My right eye is painful like crazy，” Feustel told his teammate during the walk． Since gravity doesn't work in space，astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears．Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away．Another choice is to just wait．“When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around，” astronaut Ron Parise said． In space，astronauts can't eat or drink in 13 ways．Nor can they talk to each other directly．They can't even burp (打嗝)，because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach．If they do burp，they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach．Thus，perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say，“Gravity，you're the best．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，宇航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。 1．A．leaping　　　　 B．floating C．eating　　　　 D．talking B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据上文“some pretty amazing things”及下文“in zero gravity”可知，在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮，这是很神奇的。故选B。] 2．A．gravity　　　　　 B．doubt C．aid　　　　　 D．effort A　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“like ________ in zero gravity”和However可知，此处指没有重力。故选A。] 3．A．risky　　　　　 B．lifelike C．sad　　　　　 D．unfortunate C　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据上文“However，without ________ ，there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do”可知，在没有重力的情况下，宇航员不能做很多事情，这是很令人伤感的。sad “让人难过的”，符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。故选C。] 4．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry D　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据上文“let their sadness show” 和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，此处指他们不能哭泣。故选D。] 5．A．dangerous　　　　　 B．extreme C．stable　　　　　 D．weightless D　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据上文“in zero gravity”及常识可知，在太空中没有重力。weightless “失重的”，符合语境。故选D。] 6．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows B　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据上文“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes” 可知，太空中眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。故选B。] 7．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave C　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据上文“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。] 8．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered C　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据下文“My right eye is painful like crazy” 可知，2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J．Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience “经历”，符合语境。故选C。] 9．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea B　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes” 和 “your tears have nowhere to go” 可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中。由此可知，当眼中含泪时，视线会变模糊。故选B。] 10．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort D　[考查名词词义辨析。 根据上文“this can also cause physical pain”及下文“But that's not the case in space．”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感到舒适。故选D。] 11．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated A　[考查动词词义辨析。 根据下文中“Another choice is to just wait．”中的choice可知，此处表示选择用头盔擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。故选A。] 12．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply D　[考查副词词义辨析。 根据空后“break free of the eye and float around”可知，此处应用simply，表示强调，意为“仅仅，只不过”。故选D。] 13．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational B　[考查形容词词义辨析。 根据下文“Nor can they talk to each other directly．They can't even burp，because there is no gravity to hold the food ________ in their stomach．”可知，此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal“正常的”。故选B。] 14．A．out B．off C．down D．up C　[考查副词词义辨析。 根据上文“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes”可知，与流眼泪相似，打嗝时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。] 15．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like B　[考查动词短语辨析。 根据上文“They can't even burp”及下文“throwing up everything in their stomach”可知，此处表示在太空中打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth．“以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists，their dream，1．________ was once considered to be impossible，is turning into reality． Scientists carried out many experiments and 2．________ (success) made rockets that could escape the Earth's gravity．In 1961，Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 3．________ (send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon，saying “That's one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind．” Despite the great 4．________ (achievement)，sometimes accidents did happen，resulting in huge losses．5．________ ，scientists are determined to further explore the universe．One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting the Earth． 6．________ (compare) with the USSR and the US，China started later in its space program，but it has made huge progress．So far，several astronauts，including Yang Liwei，7．________ (be) to space．China has also launched the Tiangong-2 space lab，8．________ (mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 9．________ space station． It is believed that the future of space exploration is bright thanks 10．________ the efforts of the scientists all over the world． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对太空的探索历程及成就。 1．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“dream”，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。] 2．successfully　[考查副词。副词“successfully”修饰动词“made”作状语。故填successfully。] 3．to be sent　[考查非谓语动词。序数词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语，且“person”与“send”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be sent。故填to be sent。] 4．achievements　[考查名词复数。名词“achievements”作介词“Despite”的宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填achievements。] 5．However　[考查副词。前后句之间为转折关系，首字母需大写。故填However。] 6．Compared　[考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“China”与“compare”之间为被动关系，故用过去分词compared作状语。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared。] 7．have been　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“So far”以及主语“several astronauts”，应用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been。] 8．marking　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需填非谓语动词，mark和前面的句子为逻辑主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填marking。] 9．a　[考查冠词。名词“station”为可数名词，泛指“一个空间站”，且“space”发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。] 10．to　[考查介词。固定搭配“thanks to”表示“由于”。故填to。] 19/19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $