Unit 6 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦太空探索主题下的语言知识讲练，系统梳理核心词汇（如become accustomed to, suspend）、短语（take off, cast a shadow on）及语法结构（the+序数词+不定式作定语，seem to have done），通过“教材原句引入-用法解析-搭配拓展-练习应用”的学习支架，构建从基础理解到综合运用的知识脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过“一句多译”训练提升表达灵活性，阅读理解结合火星探索等话题拓展视野，配套练习覆盖词、句、篇层面。课中辅助教师实施分层教学，课后助力学生自主巩固，有效强化知识内化与跨文化认知。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas) 1．(教材原句)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel． *become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事 (accustom v． 使习惯于 accustomed adj．习惯于；通常的；惯常的 ) (1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth． 习惯于(做)某事 (2)accustom sb．/oneself to (doing) sth． 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①For those accustomed (accustom) to a comfortable life，the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed． ②Having lots of interesting things to do，I finally got accustomed to enjoying (enjoy) my school life． ③To breathe in more fresh air，you must accustom yourself to getting up early． ④(应用文写作之观点表达)我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城市很困难。 a．Accustomed to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city．(过去分词短语作状语) b．Accustoming myself to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 2．(教材原句) When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved． *take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)；突然成功；匆匆离去 take away　　 解除；消除 take up 占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始做 take down 记录；拆卸 take in 吸入；理解；欺骗 take on 呈现；雇用；承担(责任)；装载 take over 接管；接任；控制 写出下列句中take off的含义/用take相关短语填空 ①He took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out． 脱掉 ②When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather． 起飞 ③When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction． 匆匆离去 ④At the age of 18，he took over his father's company．As a chief manager，he took in a number of talents，which made his company take on a new look．At last，his career took off． 3．(教材原句) It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on people's hearts． *cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影 (shadow n．坏影响，阴影 v．给……投下阴影；跟踪，尾随) in/under the shadow of sth． 在某事的阴影下 in/under sb．'s shadow＝in/under the shadow of sb． 　 在某人的光环之下 in shadow 在阴暗处 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①By six o'clock in the evening，this part of the garden is in shadow． ②Last night the criminal was shadowed (shadow) by a policeman for several miles before being captured． ③阳光透过树叶，在草地上投下阴影。 The sun shone through the leaves，casting shadows on/over the lawn． ④汤姆总是生活在他哥哥的光环之下，这让他很沮丧。 Tom always lives in/under the shadow of his brother，which makes him discouraged． 4．(教材原句)The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming． *scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫n．尖叫声 (1)scream at 冲……尖叫 scream with/in 因……尖叫 scream for help 高声呼救 (2)a scream of pain/terror/excitement 痛苦/恐惧/激动的尖叫 let out a scream　 发出尖叫声 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Hearing the screams(scream)，he ran to the riverside，threw off his clothes and jumped into the water without hesitation． ②蔡斯一意识到这有多么危险，他就游到妹妹身后，拼命地向父亲呼救。 Instantly realizing how dangerous it was，Chase swam after his sister，screaming at his father desperately for help． ③孩子们看到动画片开始放映时兴奋地尖叫起来。 The children screamed with excitement when they saw the cartoon began to show． ④她非常害怕，发出了恐惧的尖叫，并倒在了地上。 She was so frightened that she let out a scream of terror and fell onto the ground． 5．(教材原句) Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned． *suspend v．暂停，中止；悬；挂；吊 (suspension n．暂缓；推迟) be suspended from school/the job 被停学/停职 be suspended for 因……被暂停 be suspended in sth． 悬浮在某物中 be suspended by　 被……悬挂 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Dave was suspended from school for a week because he violated the school discipline too many times． ②Heavy rain on Wednesday has forced the suspension (suspend) of the large-scale search and rescue operations for the survivors． ③The builders worked on wooden platforms，suspended by ropes from the roof of the building． ④由于正在进行安全检查，已暂停生产。 Production has been suspended for the safety checks being carried out． 6．(教材原句) The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem． *call to 召唤；大声呼叫 call on 短暂访问；要求，请求 call on sb．to do sth． 要求/号召某人做某事 call in 召来，叫来(服务) call off 取消；停止进行 call for (去)接；需要；要求 call sb．up　 打电话给(某人)；使回忆起；征召入伍 完成语段/单句写作 ①前几天，我去拜访戴维斯先生，他的制造厂需要一名顾问。他不在办公室。我打电话给他时他说很快就回来，因为会议被取消了。他原本打算在会议上号召工人们想出提高产量的方法。 The other day I called on Mr Davis，whose manufacturer called for a consultant．He was not in his office．When I called him up he told me that he would be back soon because the meeting was called off．He had planned to call on his workers to come up with ways to increase production at the meeting． ②我们也可以发放传单以号召更多的人参加这次社区活动。 We can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to participate in the community service． 1．(教材原句)China launched DongfanghongⅠ，becoming the fifth country to send a satellite into orbit． *the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth． 常用不定式作定语的情况： (1)当名词前有形容词最高级或序数词或the only，the last等修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 (2)一些抽象名词如chance，ability，ambition，way，need，attempt，plan，opportunity等表愿望、企图、打算或能力等词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。 单句语法填空/单句写作/完成片段 ①Follow-up studies showed a connection between an ability to wait (wait) long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success． ②As far as I know，Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident． ③There was no signal in that remote village，so all my attempts to contact (contact) you failed． ④(应用文写作之人物介绍)她总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开，用自己的勤奋和敬业为所有人树立了好榜样。 She is always the first to come to the office and the last to leave，setting a great example for everyone with his hard work and dedication． ⑤我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问，我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。 I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study．There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job． 2．(教材原句)When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved． *seem to have done It seems that．．． 似乎…… seem (to be) ＋adj．/n． 看起来好像 seem like．．． 似乎/好像…… seem to do/to be doing/to have done 看起来要做……/正在做……/ 已经做了…… It seems as if/as though．．． 看起来好像…… 单句语法填空/单句写作/一句多译 ①In the beginning，learning English well seemed to be (be) so challenging that I wanted to give up without even trying． ②The engine just won't start．Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it． ③(读后续写之心理描写)所有的空气似乎都要消失了，她觉得整个世界都在注视着她。 All the air seemed to disappear and she felt as if the whole world was watching her． ④随着社会的发展，我们好像正在失去很多传统习俗。 a．With the development of society，it seems that we are losing a lot of traditions．(It seems that．．．) b．With the development of society，we seem to be losing a lot of traditions．(seem to be doing) 课时提升作业(十六)　(Unit 6　Understanding ideas) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：88分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The judge fined the man and suspended (暂停) his licence． 2．It was the misunderstanding that cast a shadow (阴影) on their friendship． 3．The aircraft and its crew(全体机组人员) landed safely in an open area in the end． 4．The space shuttle (航天飞机) had been scheduled to blast off at 4 o'clock． 5．Her interest was rekindled (重新唤起) when she saw herbs in everyday medicinal use there． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The mother was very angry about her son's suspension (suspend) from school． 2．Accustomed(accustom) to climbing the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top． 3．In the future，space travel will become unexceptional (exception) to the public． 4．Tragically (tragic)，the side effects of the drug were not discovered until many people had been seriously damaged by it． 5．The national broadcaster，NHK，will relay them almost instantaneously (instantaneous) to its television and radio audiences． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) take off；call to；set foot on；cast a shadow on；tune in 1．The new era calls to us，saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better． 2．The moment he set foot on his motherland，he became very excited． 3．All over the country，youngsters tune in to this programme every day． 4．His father's death cast a shadow on the wedding celebrations． 5．After two years of struggling against difficulties along the way to success，his career finally took off． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．毫无疑问，这些活动的目的是传播有关载人航天飞行的知识。(doubt) There is no doubt that such activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned space flight． 2．没有比现在更好的时间去为我们的梦想努力了。(不定式短语作定语) There is no better time to start working towards our dreams than now． 3．无论情况多么复杂，她都能应对自如。(no matter how) No matter how complicated the situation is，she can handle it freely． 4．小女孩走进房间，脸冻红了。(独立主格结构) The little girl entered the room，her face red with cold． 5．她好像已经知道了比赛的结果，因为她看起来有点不开心。(seem to have done) She seemed to have known the outcome of the game because she looked a little unhappy． Ⅴ．补全短文(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) After a period of time，I have 1．become accustomed to this unexceptional life (习惯于这种平常的生活)．However，one incident suddenly occurred and 2．cast a shadow on (给……蒙上阴影) my peaceful mind．I 3．couldn't help but scream (忍不住尖叫起来) loudly，feeling that 4．everything had been suspended in time (在时间上一切都暂停了)．This moment was so strange and terrifying that it made me realize the importance of treasuring every moment of life． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A The Moon is attracting much attention these days with NASA's successful launch of ArtemisⅠ and preparations for more to follow．The mission objectives are clear：develop a sustainable presence on its surface and pave the way for going to Mars． And then what? What's the next great leap in humans' quest for the secrets of the universe？When it comes to the near future scientific exploration，there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention． First off，there's Venus，a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂) with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere．Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago，and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there． At the other end are the gas giants．Several of the satellites of Jupiter (木星) and Saturn (土星) are covered in thick sheets of ice，and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water．NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds，hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within． As for us humans，Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades．If we have adequate drive and funds，we can establish a semi-permanent presence on the red planet，keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface．The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on．Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth． Over the coming decades，humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels”，set up for visiting tourists and scientific exploration．Naturally，turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity，but in my estimation，it's the next easiest thing to accomplish，after the Moon and Mars，of course． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来探索太阳系的几个方向。 1．What does the underlined word “quest” probably mean in the second paragraph? A．Question． B．Explanation． C．Request． D．Search． D　[词义猜测题。文章第一段谈到了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)最近的太空任务，由下一段第一句“And then what？” 可知，下一段接着说太空探索这个话题。结合第二段中的“humans' quest for the secrets of the universe”和“When it comes to．．．some special attention．” 可知，此处是指对宇宙奥秘的探索。分析选项可知，D项(寻求，探求，搜寻)最符合文意。故选D。] 2．Which is the least likely to be explored in the next decades according to the passage? A．Mars． B．Mercury． C．Venus． D．The gas giant． B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The other planets．．．from the Earth．”可知，水星不适合人们居住。由此可知，水星是未来几十年最不可能被探索的。故选B。] 3．What's the author's attitude towards the “space hotels”？ A．Ambiguous． B．Critical． C．Hopeful． D．Indifferent． C　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Naturally，turning．．．Mars，of course．”，尤其是其中的but可知，作者的态度主要体现在but后的内容上，结合“the next easiest thing to accomplish”可知，作者对“太空旅馆”的态度是积极、满怀希望的。分析选项可知，C项符合题意。故选C。] 4．What's the passage mainly about? A．The launch of ArtemisⅠ．　　 B．The secrets of the solar system． C．The missions of NASA．　　 D．The areas of the future universe exploration． D　[主旨大意题。文章第二段提到，当谈到不久的将来的科学探索时，太阳系的一些区域将受到一些特别的关注，再结合下文对未来要探索的行星如金星、气态巨行星、火星等的描述可知，文章主要讲未来宇宙探索的领域。故选D。] B Richard Branson reached the edge of space and safely returned to the Earth．The trip marks a turning point in his multi-decade efforts to help create a space-tourism industry．The space trip that Mr Branson and five other crew members completed on Sunday morning on a Virgin Galactic Holdings Inc．rocket plane proves the company's ability to safely take passengers to and from space． Virgin Galactic，the company Mr Branson founded，plans to start commercial service next year，charging passengers hundreds of thousands of dollars each for such flights．The test flight was aimed at evaluating systems and passengers' experience，as well as providing additional evidence for its safety．Vehicles developed by private space companies have been tested a small part of the number of times compared with the planes used by airlines．“We're here to make space more accessible to all，” Mr Branson said on Sunday after landing．The flight is a combined effort of companies and investors(投资者) to develop businesses based on human space flight，long controlled by government space agencies． Virgin Galactic has said it plans to start paying-passenger space flights．The company has reported 600 reservations for future flights backed by $80 million in deposits(保证金)．The company hasn't announced how much it will charge for tickets when it starts selling them again，but prices are likely to be out of reach for most people for some time．“Elon Musk，chairman of SpaceX，is one of the ticket holders，” a Virgin Galactic spokesman said． Kerrianne Flynn，a Virgin Galactic customer，said she signed up in December 2011 for a space flight．She was unsure when she would eventually get to make the trip but added the wait was worth it．She said，“There's going to be nothing like going up there．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Virgin Galactic公司开启了太空旅游的大门。 5．Which of the following is the purpose of the test flight? A．To change the rocket plane's systems． B．To provide more evidence for its safety． C．To increase passengers' experience． D．To defeat other planes in the number of testing times． B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The test flight was aimed at evaluating systems and passengers' experience，as well as providing additional evidence for its safety．”可知，试飞的目的是为其安全性提供更多的证据。故选B。] 6．What do we know about Virgin Galactic? A．It started commercial service last year． B．Elon Musk is one of its investors． C．Government space agencies take charge of it． D．It is a space company founded by Mr Branson． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Virgin Galactic 是布兰森先生创立的航空公司。故选D。] 7．What can we infer about Kerrianne Flynn in the last paragraph? A．The price of the space flight is out of her reach． B．She is unsure whether the trip to space is worthy． C．She is looking forward to reaching space as a tourist． D．She participated in the test flight as one of the crew members． C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Kerrianne Flynn的话“There's going to be nothing like going up there．”可推知，她对太空之旅充满期待。故选C。] 8．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Space Travel Will Be Common in the Near Future B．Space Tourism Industry Wins Great Popularity C．Branson's Space Trip Opens Door to Space Tourism D．Branson's Virgin Galactic Flight Is a Great Success C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合第一段前两句可知，这标志着其开始创建太空旅行的转折点。最后一段中提到的签约太空飞行的Kerrianne Flynn，可知，本文主要讲述了Virgin Galactic航空公司开启了太空旅游的大门。故选 C。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) When thinking about placing a human being in space，one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment． 1 The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns．The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst．With no oxygen to breathe，a human being will die in only a few moments． 2 So is the damage from small pieces of rock and objects like meteoroids (流星体)．In 1933，an American flyer，Wiley Post，designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights． 3 Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s．The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post． 4 It lets them move，do useful tasks，and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours．The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU．It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits．The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand，which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly．Nowadays，NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars． 5 The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on Mars．And，it must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet． A．Radiation from the sun is another risk in space． B．The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time． C．Today，astronauts wear very different protective clothing． D．Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars． E．EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands． F．It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilot's head． G．Because of the gravity on Mars，spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了当考虑把一个人放到太空时，最重要的问题之一是如何设计特殊的服装来保护这个人免受太空环境的危害。 1．B　[第一段主要介绍了太空环境的危险因素，如空后讲的酷热、缺氧等。根据上下文语境，B项(寒冷会在短时间内冻住皮肤。)也是太空环境的一项危险因素，符合语境。] 2．A　[该空仍旧是列举太空环境的危险因素，结合下一句“So is the damage from small pieces of rock and objects like meteoroids．”可知，A项符合语境。] 3．F　[根据空前一句中的“devices”，并结合F项中的代词It和device等信息，可以判断F项符合语境。] 4．C　[该空是该段的主题句。由后文可知，该段介绍的是有关太空防护服的事情。因此C项符合语境。] 5．G　[根据该空前一句的信息词“the kind of spacesuit”以及空后一句的意思可知，此空也应该表示一项防护措施，因此G项符合语境。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to．About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water 1．________ (disappear) due to harmful radiation．But some of 2．________ may still be underground．Could those ancient water holes contain life? China's Tianwen-1 mission will search 3．________ the existing water by radar fixed on the Mars rover (火星车)．The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，4．________ (use) radar from space，but this is the first time a Mars rover has searched from the ground． Tianwen-1 will also give China 5．________ (value) Mars experience and lay the foundation for a sample return mission planned for 6．________ end of the 2020s．Getting Martian samples back to the Earth is a top priority for the scientific community．Despite the impressive advances 7．________ (make) in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，8．________ can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample． On April 7，2001，the United States launched the “Odyssey” Mars probe，which landed on Mars 9．________ (successful)．“Odyssey” is still orbiting Mars，testing the planet's geology and climate and looking for signs of life and water．More countries exploring Mars means more 10．________ (opportunity) for global cooperation．Space exploration brings out the best in us all．When more nations work together，everyone wins． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同国家探索火星的情况，重点介绍了中国的“天问一号”火星探测器。 1．disappeared　[考查时态。句中and连接两个并列分句，设空处为and后的分句的谓语动词。根据时间状语About 4 billion years ago及语境可知，and前后都是描述过去发生的事情，需要用一般过去时。故填disappeared。] 2．it　[考查代词。根据句意可知，设空处指代前文的liquid water，water是不可数名词，需要用代词it来指代。故填it。] 3．for　[考查介词。search for表示“寻找”，是固定搭配。故填for。] 4．using　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句是并列复合句，句中的but连接两个并列分句。but前的分句中已有谓语动词found，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语；use与其逻辑主语The European Space Agency's spacecraft之间是主谓关系，需要用动词-ing形式。故填using。] 5．valuable　[考查形容词。此处需要用形容词作定语，修饰名词experience，表示“宝贵的”。故填valuable。] 6．the　[考查冠词。此处表特指，指21世纪20年代末，应用定冠词the。the end of．．．表示“……的末尾”。故填the。] 7．made　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句是主从复合句，主句是“only the technology on Earth is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample”，“Despite the impressive．．．on spacecraft” 为介词短语作让步状语。主句中已有谓语动词is，故此处应用非谓语动词形式；make与其逻辑主语advances之间为动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词advances。故填made。] 8．which　[考查定语从句。“ ________ can test samples accurately” 为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the technology on Earth，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。] 9．successfully　[考查副词。设空处修饰landed，应用副词作状语；此处表示“成功登陆火星”，设空处意为“成功地”。故填successfully。] 10．opportunities　[考查名词的数。此处表示更多的国家探索火星意味着更多的全球合作机会。根据前文的More countries和空前的more可知，此处应用名词复数，和前文的countries对应。故填opportunities。] 14/14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $