Unit 3 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦敦煌主题，系统梳理vary from...to...、date from等核心词汇短语及完全倒装语法点，通过教材原句拆解用法，结合语法填空、应用文写作（如邀请信、演讲稿）和读后续写进行巩固，形成“原句-拓展-应用”的学习支架。 资料以敦煌文化为载体，将语言知识与文化意识培育深度融合，通过词汇拓展、语法应用提升语言能力，分层设计的课时作业（品句填词、阅读理解等）既辅助课堂教学，又便于课后查漏补缺，助力学生在真实语境中发展跨文化沟通能力。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas) 1．(教材原句)The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life． *vary from．．．to．．．从……到……各不相同[vary v．(使)变化；各不相同 variety n．种类，变化，多样性 various adj．各种各样的；多方面的] (1)vary in．．．　　 在……方面不同/有差异 vary with．．．　 随……变化 (2)a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①He has gained recognition in various (vary) fields of scholarly studies through years of hard work． ②The menu of the restaurant which is often crammed with customers varies with the season． ③As the world's first national park，Yellowstone is famous for the variety (vary) of its wildlife． ④The goods in the supermarket vary in size，color and price． ⑤(应用文写作之邀请信)我写信邀请你参加下周末在我校举行的传统艺术节。这次艺术节包括各种各样的活动，从诗歌比赛到剪纸比赛都有。 I'm writing to invite you to take part in the Traditional Art Festival to be held next weekend in our school，which covers a variety of/varieties of/various activities，varying from poetry competition to paper-cutting competition． 2．(教材原句)Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade． *date from追溯到；始于；起源于 (1)date from＝date back to 追溯到；始于…… (2)out of date 过时的；陈旧的 up to date 最新式的；现代的 to date(＝so far) 迄今为止 fix/set a date for 确定……的日期 have a date with sb． 与某人约会 [名师点津]　date from/back to通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。另外，它们常用动词-ing形式作状语或后置定语。 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published． ②I have read many books on literature to date，but none of them are up to date． ③(应用文写作之介绍信)这座建筑有悠久的历史，可以追溯到唐代初期。 a．The building has a long history which dates from/back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty．(定语从句) b．The building has a long history dating from/back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty．(非谓语动词作定语) 3．(教材原句) This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative． *bring．．．to life 使……复苏；给……带来新生 come to life 苏醒过来，变得生动有趣 give life to 赋予……生命(生命力，活力) give one's life to 献身于…… be true to life 忠实于生活 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①I love to watch everything coming to life again in the spring． ②Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life，they are imaginary． ③(应用文写作之人物介绍)他是一位真正的有创造力的天才，他将自己的毕生都献给了对完美艺术的追求。 He was truly a creative genius and gave his life to pursuing the perfection of art． ④这些活动使那些濒危的语言恢复了生机。 These activities bring those endangered languages to life． 4．(教材原句)Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place． *strengthen v．加强；(使)变强(strength n．力量；体力；优势；长处 strong adj．坚强的；强壮的strongly adv．强烈地，强有力地) with all one's strength 某人用尽全身的力气 have the strength to do sth． 有力气/意志做某事 strengths and weaknesses 优缺点 build up one's strength 强身健体 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①To strengthen(strength) our friendship，we'd better keep in touch with each other． ②The driver bore down with all his strength to control the car when the wheels slipped． ③As a good teacher，you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses． ④(应用文写作之演讲稿)为了强身健体，我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如打篮球、打乒乓球等。 To build up our strength，we often hold all kinds of activities，such as playing basketball and table tennis． (教材原句)In a sealed cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls，as well as silk embroideries． *完全倒装 (1)为了保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接，或强调表语或状语，句子需要全部倒装，即把作表语(形容词、副词、介词短语、分词等)或状语的词提到句首，并把句子的谓语提到主语前面。 (2)以below，here，there，in，out，up，down，away，back，now，then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。 (3)表示方位的短语放在句首时，后面一般用全部倒装。 (4)表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用全部倒装。 单句语法填空/单句写作/句型转换 ①There stands (stand) a big tree full of fruit on one side of the stream． ②一只受伤的鹿从树丛中闯了出来。 Out rushed an injured deer from the woods． ③(读后续写之人物描写)露丝站在门口，她愤怒地看着我。 At the door stood Rose，who looked at me with fire in her eyes． ④(读后续写之背景描写)山脚下有一个村庄，在那里人们仍旧过着平静的生活。 At the foot of the mountain lies a village，where people still live a peaceful life． ⑤The days when he enjoyed a life of luxury are gone． →Gone are the days when he enjoyed a life of luxury．(完全倒装句) 课时提升作业(七)　(Unit 3　Understanding ideas) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：90分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．They uncovered the statue (雕像) at the beginning of the ceremony． 2．She is always boasting (自夸) about how wonderful her children are． 3．We watched the distant mountain peaks(高峰) which were covered in mist． 4．When you drive a car，you should slow down while approaching a crossroads (十字路口)． 5．Have you heard that there is a large mural (壁画) in the ancient monastery? Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is considered as one of the most glorious (glory) pages in our country's history． 2．Nothing has ever moved her as deeply(deep) as this movie． 3．We need to have a basic knowledge of insurance coverage (cover) if we are to take out insurance． 4．The accident will strengthen (strength) the case for better safety measures in the playground． 5．In our country，people enjoy complete freedom of different religious (religion) beliefs． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) bring．．．to life；date from；to name just a few；in detail；be testimony to 1．A gifted teacher can really bring literature to life for his or her students． 2．John has many hobbies，such as hiking，swimming and dancing，to name just a few． 3．This book is testimony to a very individual kind of courage． 4．Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history，which dates from more than 4，000 years ago． 5．We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan． Ⅳ．完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼，我们学校上周日组织了一次越野跑比赛。(given that) Given that we students need more exercise，our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday． 2．在我们隔壁住着一个外国学生，他似乎已经适应了中国的生活。(完全倒装) Next door to ours lives a foreign student，who seems to have settled into life in China． 3．我要自愿帮助来访者，介绍中国绘画，传播中国文化，加强世界文化交流。(strengthen) I would like to volunteer to help visitors，introduce Chinese paintings，spread Chinese culture，and strengthen world cultural exchanges． 4．地上长满了碧绿的草，绿草中延伸出一条笔直的石路。(cover) The grounds were covered with/by dark green grass，through which stretched a straight stone path． 5．他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛他们从来不存在似的。(as if) They completely ignored the facts as if they had never existed． 6．如果你现在去西安，在那里你会看到许多反映唐朝文化的东西。(现在分词作定语) If you go to Xi'an now，you will get a good view of many things reflecting the culture of the Tang Dynasty． Ⅴ．补全短文(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分) The cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries 1．date from/date back to (追溯到) ancient times．2．There is much testimony (有许多证据) showing that these exchanges have played an important role in 3．strengthening the connections and understanding (加强联系和理解) among different nations．We should 4．attach significance to (重视) this kind of exchange，which can promote the mutual learning of different cultures．By doing so，we can break down barriers and build bridges of friendship，creating a more harmonious and prosperous world． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A In the spring of 1943，James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition．Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China．Soon after，they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang．They would spend the next 18 months at this historic crossroads．And what began as a passion project quickly turned into one of the most ambitious surveys of Dunhuang's Yulin and Mogao Grottoes． The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts that today make up the largest collection of Dunhuang texts in the United States．The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable to researchers，archaeologists，and art historians because they preserve viewpoints of sites or features that are now long gone，badly damaged，or inaccessible．In June 2021，Visualizing Dunhuang：The Lo Archive Photographs of the Mogao and Yulin Caves，a new book featuring several hundred black-and-white photos from the Lo Archive (罗氏档案)，was published．It is a huge contribution that furthers our understanding of Dunhuang． Now the Mogao Grottoes have re-emerged as a popular travel destination．In modern times，however，the caves face unprecedented levels of stress，with over one million tourists each year．Situated within delicate microclimates，the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide．Moisture，worsened by a constant flow of visitors during the hot summer months，can cause salts in the walls to liquefy(液化)．Also，because the complex lies in an earthquake-prone zone (地震易发区)，conservators say that action must be taken now to protect against further erosion and collapse． Countless questions remain about the caves' past and future．Can we ever come to know a place as vast and mysterious as Dunhuang? Perhaps，but we certainly can't do it by ourselves，let alone in a single lifetime．The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone．And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it．These living histories may still be incomplete，but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗寄梅夫妇对敦煌石窟研究做出的巨大贡献。 1．Why did the Los go to Dunhuang? A．To go on a business trip． B．To take photos of caves in Dunhuang． C．To lecture on archaeological expeditions． D．To participate in a photography exhibition． B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“．．．James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition．Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China．Soon after，they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang．”可知，罗氏夫妇来到敦煌是为了拍摄石窟的照片。故选B。] 2．What does the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Collected． B．Found． C．Bought． D．Studied． A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts”及“The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable”可知，罗氏夫妇积累了大量的原稿，也就是拍了大量照片，这些照片被证明是非常有价值的。由此可知，此处是说这3 000多张照片是由罗氏夫妇积累的。故选A。] 3．What can be learned about the Mogao Grottoes? A．They frequently fell victim to earthquakes． B．They were badly damaged by moisture． C．They provide an unfavorable environment for the murals． D．They become unwelcome due to harsh climate． C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Situated within delicate microclimates，the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide．”可知，莫高窟壁画所处的小气候对其不友好，壁画对湿气和二氧化碳的变化极度敏感。再结合第三段最后提到的“the complex lies in an earthquake-prone zone”可知，莫高窟地理条件也不好。由此可知，莫高窟为壁画提供了一个不利的环境。故选C。] 4．What is the author's attitude to the Los? A．Doubtful． B．Sympathetic． C．Worried． D．Admiring． D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing．．．we could attempt on our own．”可知，作者认为罗氏夫妇帮助我们重现过去，促使我们能更好地保护莫高窟，虽然他们所重塑的历史尚不完整，但他们提供的记录已非我们凭一己之力可及。因此可以看出，作者非常钦佩罗氏夫妇，对他们所做的贡献给予了高度赞扬。故选D。] B The Mogao Caves of Dunhuang，a treasure house of art of China，has spanned over 1，000 years．The art inside the caves covers more than ten major genres，such as architecture，stucco sculpture，wall paintings，silk paintings，calligraphy，woodblock printing，embroidery，literature，music and dance，and popular entertainment．But all these only exist because of one man's vision． In 366 AD，a monk named Le Zun looked across the river at dawn and saw a thousand Buddhas appear on the golden cliff face of Mingsha Mountain along the old Silk Road．The caves were then built by monks and mostly sponsored by people such as wealthy merchants，foreign dignitaries，as well as Chinese emperors． But when trade on the Silk Road stopped，Dunhuang was soon forgotten and eventually，the Mogao Caves were abandoned．The site however was still used as a place of worship by the local people of the 20th century when there was renewed awareness of its presence once more． Most of the discoveries came from a Chinese Taoist named Wang Yuanlu who had appointed himself as the guardian．The caves at that time were badly neglected，but Taoist Wang recognized their value and instituted a program of restoration，funded by whatever donations he could collect． He then made one of the great discoveries in Chinese archaeology (考古学)：an amazing cache，of over 50，000 documents and paintings，which had been hidden in Mogao Cave 17．Cave 17 came to be known as the Library Cave，which was sealed up sometime early in the 11th century．A number of theories have been proposed as the reason for sealing the cave．One theory was that the cave had become a waste storeroom for precious，damaged and used documents and holy equipment and then was sealed up perhaps when the place came under threat．Another suggestion was that the cave was simply used as a book storehouse for documents which accumulated over a century and a half，and then was sealed up when it became full．Others suggested that the monks hurriedly hid the documents in advance of an attack by invaders． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了敦煌莫高窟是中国的艺术宝库，已有一千多年的历史。 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The legend of the Mogao Caves． B．The end of the old Silk Road． C．The discovery of the Mogao Caves． D．The development of the Silk Road． A　[段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲了有关莫高窟的传说。故选A。] 6．What did Wang Yuanlu do to restore the caves? A．He evaluated their value． B．He raised donations in different ways． C．He sent guards to protect them． D．He persuaded the government to do repairs． B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“The caves at that time were badly neglected，but Taoist Wang recognized their value and instituted a program of restoration，funded by whatever donations he could collect．”可知，王圆箓以不同的方式筹集捐款，从而来修复这些洞穴。故选B。] 7．Why is Mogao Cave 17 considered a great discovery? A．It used to be a library for monks． B．It stored valuable historical materials． C．It had a history of over 1，000 years． D．It was deserted for mysterious reasons． B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One theory was that the cave had become a waste storeroom for precious，damaged and used documents and holy equipment and then was sealed up perhaps when the place came under threat．”可知，莫高窟17号被认为是一个伟大的发现是因为它储存了珍贵的历史资料。故选B。] 8．Which column does the text come from? A．Traditional culture． B．History． C．Biography． D．Science fiction． A　[文章出处题。根据文章第一段以及后文可知，本文主要介绍中国文化瑰宝莫高窟，所以这篇文章应该出自中国传统文化专栏。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Under the leadership of Emperor Wu (156 to 87 BCE)，the Western Han reached the peak of its power．The Western Regions were opened up． 1 ．China's silk was the main commodity transported along this road，so it was called the Silk Road．It played an important part in promoting trade and cultural exchanges between the East and the West． 2 ，which is present-day Xi'an，capital of Shaanxi Province，passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia，West Asia，and to lands by the Mediterranean．There were no signs of communication between ancient Chinese civilization and Mediterranean civilization in earlier history．In about the seventh century BCE，the ancient Greeks began to learn about an ancient civilization to the East，yet knew little about it． 3 ．Yet real communication between China，Central and West Asian countries，Africa and the European continent did not develop until the opening of the Silk Road． The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route，but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China，India，the Mesopotamian plains，Egypt，and Greece． 4 ．The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world，as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country，which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture． 5 ．While Chinese culture and technology，such as paper-making and printing，were introduced to countries of the West，China also absorbed many elements from the arts，philosophy and religions of many other countries．This helped to promote an open policy towards other cultures from the Han to Tang dynasties． A．The Silk Road began in Chang'an B．It appeared as early as the second century BCE C．The Chinese had little knowledge about the outside world D．The Silk Road had a great influence on the Chinese people's lives E．This made it possible for merchants to travel between China and Europe F．Before the Silk Road，there had already existed a trade route on the grasslands G．It also promoted the exchange of science and technology between the East and the West 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的起源和其对人类发展的意义。 1．E　[上文“The Western Regions were opened up．”说明汉朝和西域能够通商，与空格处是因果关系，因此E项“这使得商人能够在中国和欧洲之间旅行”符合语境。故选E。] 2．A　[下文“which is present-day Xi'an，capital of Shaanxi Province，passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia，West Asia，and to lands by the Mediterranean”说明的是现在的西安，也就是汉朝时期的长安，因此A项“丝绸之路始于长安”符合语境。故选A。] 3．F　[下文“Yet real communication between China，Central and West Asian countries，Africa and the European continent did not develop until the opening of the Silk Road．”说明中国、中亚和西亚国家、非洲以及欧洲大陆之间真正的交流发展真正壮大起来还是丝绸之路开通之后。空格后面的转折词Yet表明空格处和下文的对比，因此F项“在丝绸之路之前，草原上已经存在一条贸易路线”符合语境。故选F。] 4．G　[根据上下文可知，丝绸之路不仅是古代中国对外开放的主要通道，也是其他文化传入中国的主要渠道，比如说科技方面的交流，因此G项“它还促进了东西方之间的科学技术交流”符合语境。故选G。] 5．D　[下文“While Chinese culture and technology，such as paper-making and printing，were introduced to countries of the West，China also absorbed many elements from the arts，philosophy and religions of many other countries．”说明的是丝绸之路对中国多个方面的影响，因此D项“丝绸之路对中国人民的生活产生了巨大的影响”符合本段主旨。故选D。] Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) The trade routes are of great importance．In March 2021，the Suez Canal，one of the world's most important sea trade routes，1．________ (block) by a ship，causing a big maritime traffic jam of about 400 ships between Europe and Asia．Besides the Suez Canal，China's ancient Silk Road also played 2．________ important role in strengthening trade and cultural exchanges between China and Europe． In early history，the Silk Road was the most important trade gateway to other countries，3．________ (mark) the beginning of globalization．As the first route 4．________ introduced the Eastern world to the Western civilization，the Silk Road in China can date 5．________ the Han Dynasty in ancient China．In the following years in history，many great figures had made significant 6．________ (contribution) to the development of the Silk Road． Though the Silk Road was mainly a trading route，it was 7．________ (benefit) to each other in the first place．It 8．________ (actual) made great attraction to the development of the civilization of the world，opening long-distance political and economic communication between Europe and Asia．The ancient Silk Road is more like a historical textbook，enabling people from different cultures and regions 9．________ (comprehend) what happened during the ancient time．Up to now，the Silk Road 10．________ (bring) enormous attraction to the tourism in China． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国丝绸之路的历史以及其在中欧贸易和文化交流中发挥的重要作用。 1．was blocked　[考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，the Suez Canal是句子的主语，“one of the world's most important sea trade routes”是主语的同位语，“causing．．．Asia”为动词-ing形式短语作状语，设空处为句子的谓语动词。由“In March 2021”可知，此处用一般过去时；句子主语the Suez Canal与block之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was blocked。] 2．an　[考查冠词。固定搭配play an important role in．．．意为“在……中起了重要作用”。故填an。] 3．marking　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有系动词was且无连词，设空处应用非谓语动词；mark与其逻辑主语the Silk Road之间为主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填marking。] 4．that　[考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词route，设空处在从句中作主语，指物，且先行词被the first修饰，故用关系代词that。] 5．from　[考查介词。固定搭配date from意为“追溯到……”。故填from。] 6．contributions　[考查名词复数。修饰空处的形容词significant前无限定词，且固定搭配make contributions to．．．意为“为……做出贡献”。故填contributions。] 7．beneficial　[考查词性转换。固定搭配be beneficial to．．．意为“有利于……”。故填beneficial。] 8．actually　[考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处应该用副词作状语，修饰动词made。故填actually。] 9．to comprehend　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配enable sb． to do sth．意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to comprehend。] 10．has brought　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Up to now可知，本句时态为现在完成时。主语the Silk Road为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填has brought。] 13/13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $