Unit 4 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦英语短语分类及句法功能，以“美文诵读”语篇为导入，标注动词、名词等短语类型引导学生感知，衔接语法精讲形成从语篇到理论的学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握短语知识。 其亮点在于讲练结合，通过即时训练分析短语类型及成分提升语言能力，阅读理解融入Giving Tuesday公益主题渗透文化意识，分类辨析训练思维品质。学生能提升语言运用与文化理解，教师可借助系统资源高效教学。

UNIT 4　SHARING 主题语境 人与社会 —— 公益事业与志愿服务 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练 (Learning About Language) 短语 美文诵读 ①On a sunny morning，I walked into ②a beautiful garden．The garden，with a small charming pond，looked like ③a peaceful paradise．As soon as I entered，I ④couldn't wait to explore every corner．I strolled along the winding path ⑤very slowly，feeling the soft grass under my feet．The air was ⑥full of the sweet smell of blooming roses，making it ⑦truly refreshing．On the pond，there were several ducks swimming ⑧quite happily．They dived into the clear water ⑨from time to time，causing ripples on the surface．I sat on a wooden bench ⑩quietly and peacefully，watching the ducks playing around． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 语法体悟 英语中的短语是具有实际意义的一个重要单位，分为动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语和介词短语等，其中④为动词短语；②③为名词短语；⑥⑦为形容词短语；⑤⑧⑩为副词短语；①⑨为介词短语。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 一、概念 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语。例如：He failed to get first prize in the match．在这个句子中first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 二、分类 1．名词短语(NP) 名词短语通常是由“限定词＋修饰词＋名词”构成的短语。 many good students许多优秀的学生 those sweet roses那些甜美的玫瑰 Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes．(作表语) 包括医生、护士和科学家在内的很多人都是真正的英雄。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．动词短语(VP) 动词短语是由“动词＋副词/介词等”构成的短语。 构成 例词 动词＋副词 put away收起来；look back回顾；break down出故障；turn up出现 动词＋介词 bring about引起；look into调查；call on拜访；insist on坚持 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 构成 例词 动词＋副词＋介词 add up to总计；keep away from不靠近；look down on轻视；keep up with赶上 动词＋名词(＋介词) catch sight of看见，瞥见；make use of利用；pay attention to注意；make sense of理解；watch TV 看电视 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters．(作谓语) 无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到了重要作用。 They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly．(作谓语) 他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．形容词短语(AdjP) 形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成 例句 两个或多个形容词由and或but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 Your room is large and beautiful．(作表语) 你的房间大且漂亮。 He is young but clever．(作表语) 他虽然年轻但很聪明。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 构成 例句 very等程度副词作形容词修饰语，构成形容词短语 It is very hot today．(作表语) 今天很热。 The road is long enough．(作表语) 这条路够长的。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 构成 例句 介词及其宾语在形容词后作修饰语，构成形容词短语 I am sure of success．(作表语) 我确信我会成功的。 The bottle is full of water．(作表语) 瓶子里装满了水。 不定式在形容词后作修饰语，构成形容词短语 He is sure to come．(作表语) 他一定会来的。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4．副词短语(AdvP) 副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。 构成 例句 两个或多个副词由and或but等并列连词连接，构成副词短语 I tried again and again．(作状语) 我试了一遍又一遍。 very、extremely、clearly等程度副词作副词修饰语，构成副词短语 He runs extremely fast．(作状语) 他跑得快极了。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 构成 例句 “副词＋介词短语”构成的副词短语 I was so deeply moved that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night．(作状语) 我是如此感动，以至于在深夜都无法入睡。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．介词短语(PrepP) 介词短语是指由“介词＋名词/代词/数词等”构成的短语。 构成 例词 介词＋名词 by chance偶然；in cash用现金 介词＋代词/数词 beside oneself因极端情绪失去自控力；in two一分为二 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 构成 例词 介词＋动词-ing形式短语 in doing so这样做时；to my saying that就我所说的而言 介词＋疑问词＋不定式 on how to do this关于如何做这件事 介词＋介词短语 from across the street从街对面；until after dinner直到晚饭后 介词＋副词 from below从下面；by far到目前为止 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Thanks to his efforts，our neighbourhood has been in a good state．(作表语) 多亏了他的努力，我们社区才状况良好。 At this point，it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognise different facial expressions in humans．(作状语) 在这一点上，我们还不清楚为什么狗似乎具有识别人类不同面部表情的能力。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 即时训练 写出下列加黑短语的类型及所充当的句子成分 ①He could only understand a word here and there． ______________ ②Don't fall for(＝Don't be attracted by) her beauty． ______________ ③In spite of the difficulties，we went on with our work． ______________ ④She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother． ____________________ 副词短语作状语 名词短语作宾语 介词短语作状语 形容词短语作后置定语 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) ⑤New office buildings are going up/are built everywhere． ______________ ⑥He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table． ______________ ⑦We found everything in the lab in good order before doing experiment． __________________ 名词短语作主语 动词短语作谓语 介词短语作后置定语 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 课时提升作业(十一)　(Learning About Language) Ⅰ．运用短语完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．It was ___________ (视觉盛宴) that heightened my perception and appreciation for the beauty of our natural world even more． 2．I believe they will make your article ______________________ (有吸引力又有知识性)． (建议用时：45分钟　满分：79.5分) a visual feast appealing and informative 3．The shared bicycle has brought great convenience to our short-distance travel，making it ___________________________________ (更灵活且更环保)． 4．Therefore，we need to study hard and ________________________ __________________________ (为交通运输的进一步发展做出贡献)． 5．Xu Xiake __________________ (经常徒步旅行) to explore nature． 6．It was challenging at first，but __________________________凭借练习和决心)，I gradually improved． more flexible and environmentally friendly make a contribution to the further development of transport travelled a lot on foot with practice and determination 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅱ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 1．__ Tucson．We went to a fast-food restaurant 2．___ dinner together．My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I 3．_____ (stand) with my parents． My dad is 90 years old．He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick．I was scanning the restaurant，waiting 4．_______ (sit) at the first table that was more convenient than others．A woman who was in for stood to sit 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her．5．____ a puzzled look on my face，I pointed to 6．______ (I) and said，“Me？”She nodded and said，“Yes，you．” I walked to the table and she said，“Bring your family here．I can finish eating 7．__ the counter．My son is 8．__ a hurry to leave anyway．” My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat． I always believe that there are naturally kind people 9．__ this world．This woman has set a good example 10．___ her son，who is a really lucky guy． With myself at in in for 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday？Surely，they are all about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members．And have you heard about Giving Tuesday？Here is something about it! 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Giving Tuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving，which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community．The “Global Day of Giving” was started in 2012 by the non-profit 92nd Street Y in New York City and the United Nations Foundation． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Unlike Black Friday，Giving Tuesday serves a more altruistic purpose．In its first year，the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities，and things have only improved since．In 2019，many Giving Tuesday social media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $1.9 billion from 27 million donors！Over the past five years，many higher education institutions have also been using the Giving Tuesday to ask alumni(毕业生) for donations．In 2019，the University of Michigan，which calls it Blue Day，received 5，887 gifts totaling over $4 million，while Pennsylvania State University raised $710，000 to benefit over 85 university programs． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Though donating money certainly helps，there are many other ways to support the great cause．You can tutor kids struggling with online learning，or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor．Alternatively，call on your peers to help you with a service project that addresses an issue close to your heart，or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the Giving Tuesday website．You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters，or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on Giving Tuesday？Let us know by adding your comments below! 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Giving Tuesday的起源、发展以及在这一天人们做的善事。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in paragraph 1? A．To make a comparison． B．To lead to the topic． C．To arouse readers' interest． D．To express his doubt． B　[推理判断题。通读第一段内容可推知，作者在第一段提及Black Friday和Cyber Monday这两个节日是为了更好地引出文章的主题——Giving Tuesday。故选B。] √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．What's the aim of Giving Tuesday? A．To promote the development of economy． B．To attract people to buy more holiday gifts． C．To call on more universities to donate money． D．To encourage people to help those in need． √ D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Giving Tuesday...encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community．”可知，Giving Tuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或在当地社区行善来帮助那些有需要的人。故选D。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Selfless．　　　　　　 B．General． C．Specific． D．Complex． √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句可知，Black Friday是为自己和家人寻找最划算的节日礼物，再根据第二段第一句及第三段第二句中的“In its first year，the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities”可知，Giving Tuesday的目的是帮助别人，而庆祝这个节日的第一年，这项活动就为慈善机构带来了近1 000万美元的捐款，所以画线词所在句表示“不像Black Friday，Giving Tuesday服务于一个更无私的目的。”由此可推知，画线词altruistic意为“无私的”，与A项意思相近。故选A。] 4．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Where people can offer their kind help． B．What people can do on Giving Tuesday． C．How people can stay safe in bad weather． D．Why people need to support the great cause． √ B　[段落大意题。通读第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了人们在Giving Tuesday这一天，除了捐款还可以做的事情。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) In a world surrounded by bad news，it may feel like an unhappy place sometimes． 1 If you make even one person smile today，you can help make this world a better place．Here is a list of ideas to help you． 2 In this age where everything is sent via the Internet，it's a shock to receive a letter through the post．Putting pen to paper and writing a few words to a friend can be an easy way to make a positive impact． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Requiring some time and research to find the perfect project，volunteering is one of the nicest things you can do．Whether you volunteer at your local youth group or take dogs from shelters for a walk，the simple fact that you are giving up your time to help someone else is incredible．There are so many opportunities for you to do volunteering work． 3 3 Tell someone “I love you”． 4 And you don't even have to say “I love you”．Perhaps you can tell a friend that you appreciate all they are to you，or remind your mum that it's her birthday．Sometimes，in our busy lives we forget to take a moment to tell people what they mean to us． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5 Whether you're creative or not，taking time to make something for someone else shows how much you appreciate them．Even if you think you're not creative，the recipient will feel lucky to get such a unique gift that you put your precious time into．Some ideas could include a card，painting，drawing，song，poem or cake! 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) A．It can be anyone． B．However，you can make a difference． C．It's a surprise to send a handwritten letter． D．So you are sure to find one that is right for you． E．And it doesn't necessarily have to take up all your life． F．Making something for a special person is always unique． G．Even a postcard with a couple of sentences could really make someone's day． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使这个世界变得更美好的几点建议。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．B　[根据空前的“In a world surrounded by bad news，it may feel like an unhappy place sometimes．”可知，在坏消息包围的世界里，有时会觉得这是一个不快乐的地方。结合空后两句内容可知，你可以让这个世界变得更美好，并在下文列举了一些建议。由此可以推断，此空应是过渡句，上下文之间为转折关系。B选项讲述的内容与空前内容为转折关系，引出下文讲述做些能让世界变得更好的建议，符合语境。故选B项。] 2．C　[分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句。根据空后的内容可知，给朋友手写几句话，写一封信寄给对方，会是产生积极作用的简单方法。C选项讲述的内容与手写信相关，与空后讲述的内容一致，且概括了本段的主题。故选C项。] 3．D　[根据本段主题句“Requiring some time and research to find the perfect project，volunteering is one of the nicest things you can do．”可知，本段建议通过做志愿服务让这个世界变得更美好，再结合空前的“There are so many opportunities for you to do volunteering work．”可知，做志愿服务的机会有很多，D选项讲述的内容与空前的内容为因果关系，承接空前讲述的内容。故选D项。] 4．A　[根据空前的“Tell someone ‘I love you’．”可知，本段建议对别人说“我爱你”。结合空后的“And you don't even have to say ‘I love you’．”可知，空后的内容发生了转变，由此可知，此空是对空前内容的进一步阐述。A选项承接空前提到的“对别人说‘我爱你’”，这里的别人可以是任何人，符合语境。故选A项。] 5．F　[分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句。根据空后的内容可知，本段是建议花点时间为别人做点能显示你对他们感激的东西，无论有没有创意，收到礼物的人都会很开心。F项讲述的是为一个特别的人做点什么都是独一无二的，与本段讲述的内容吻合，概括了本段的主题，符合语境。故选F项。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Plenty of people are doing good work in Pakistan．Far away from the centre of Islamabad，Pakistan，there is a 1 that provides education to street children． What encouraged Zeba Husain to start Mashal School was her unpleasant experience in her youth．“Feeling 2 was something that was truly fixed in my mind．I could feel that a person needs to be 3 of this bad feeling，” she says． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) But it was working with refugees (难民) that really gave her a 4 of what some people have gone through．“That was something that 5 my life，” Husain says． 6 is something that Husain could 7 in the eyes of the street children when she first 8 them 10 years ago．“I saw these 9 children，” she says．“I asked them，‘Don't you go to school？’ and they responded，‘Nobody keeps us; nobody wants us．’” Husain knew it was time to 10 her long-time dream of helping poor people． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) As the school gradually grew，the women in the community also became 11 ．“It was very，very 12 that the mothers would come in，” says Husain．She decided to start 13 the women with skills development．Many of her students have now completed their education and some are working at restaurants as waiters． “The 14 of it is that they all want to do something for others，” Husain says．“Making a 15 for a little time goes a long way because it restores your confidence in humanity (人性)，” she adds． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了泽巴·侯赛因(Zeba Husain)在巴基斯坦遇到了很多街头儿童，他们无法接受教育，因此她创办学校来给他们提供教育。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．A．hospital B．museum C．market D．school √ D　[根据下文“provides education to street children”可知，是有一所学校。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．A．unconscious B．independent C．uncomfortable D．irresponsible √ C　[根据下文“this bad feeling”可知，此处是指一种不舒服的感觉。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．A．tired B．proud C．sure D．free √ D　[根据“this bad feeling”可知，是要摆脱这种感觉，be free of “摆脱”。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4．A．dream B．sense C．choice D．opportunity √ B　[根据下文“what some people have gone through”可知，她体会到了难民经历的事情。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．A．transformed B．saved C．devoted D．enjoyed √ A　[根据上文“But it was working with refugees that really gave her a ____________of what some people have gone through．”可知，体会难民经历的事情改变了侯赛因的生活。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 6．A．Selfishness B．Kindness C．Hopelessness D．Calmness √ C　[根据上文“Far away from the centre of Islamabad，Pakistan，there is a that provides education to street children．”可知，这些街头的流浪儿童的眼神中充满了绝望，因此侯赛因才成立专门为他们提供教育的学校。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 7．A．show B．see C．say D．lose √ B　[根据下文“in the eyes of the street children”可知，侯赛因看到了这些孩子眼中的绝望。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 8．A．came across B．looked after C．cared about D．contacted with √ A　[根据语境“when she first ________ them 10 years ago”及下文她与孩子们的对话(“Don't you go to school？”)可知，此处描述的是侯赛因“第一次遇见这些街头儿童”的场景。come across“偶然遇见”，符合她最初发现这些孩子并了解其处境的过程。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 9．A．disadvantaged B．unfeeling C．uncivilized D．upset A　[根据下文的“‘Nobody keeps us； nobody wants us．’”可知，这些孩子们的处境不好。] √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 10．A．work out B．act on C．rely on D．come true √ B　[根据下文“her long-time dream of helping poor people”可知，此处是指侯赛因认为这正是她按照自己的梦想而行动的时候了。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 11．A．sensitive B．enthusiastic C．surprised D．frightened √ B　[根据下文“the mothers would come in”可知，女性也开始对学习感兴趣，变得热情起来。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 12．A．confusing B．relaxing C．encouraging D．amusing √ C　[根据“the mothers would come in”可知，这是令人鼓舞的。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 13．A．offering B．teaching C．providing D．charging √ C　[根据“the women with skills development”可知，此处是指侯赛因为社区的女性提供技能培训，provide sb．with sth．“给某人提供某物”。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 14．A．beauty B．example C．trust D．design √ A　[结合上文侯赛因帮助街头绝望的孩子和下文“they all want to do something for others”可知，侯赛因认为这件事的美好之处就在于接受了帮助的人也想帮助其他人。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 15．A．decision B．devotion C．difference D．distinction √ C　[此处指侯赛因为街头孩子提供教育的行动，为这些孩子，甚至社区女性带来了希望。make a difference “产生影响”。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Max Bobholz was only 12 years old when he came up with the idea of creating a charity to provide baseball equipment to children in Africa． While 1．________ (watch) baseball，his favourite sport，on TV in 2012，Max learned that teams from Africa didn't have proper equipment to play．They either made equipment themselves or had to share 2．____ very few items they had among all the children． watching the 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Max thought about all the extra bats，balls and equipment he and his friends had in their garages and homes．Then，inspired by his baseball coach and those 3．____ were active in charity，he decided to take action and help．Thus，an 4．_________ (influence) charity was started．5．_______ (know) as Angels at Bat，Max's charity has donated over 10，000 pieces of equipment to kids in need since its founding！Along with this，Max has travelled to Africa several times 6．_________ (donate) equipment and coach the kids，developing Angels at Bat into 7．_____ it is today． who influential Known to donate what 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Angels at Bat has now grown to include nine 8．________(branch) in eight states around the USA．And it is the primary source of baseball equipment for the entire country of Kenya． Max 9．_____________(honour) as one of the 5 CNN Young Wonders of 2018 for his inspiring spirit of giving and service．“Anybody at any age can make a difference．So if you are passionate about something，stick to it and through hard work，you 10．______ (true) can make your dream come true，” says Max． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫马克斯的男孩创办慈善组织的励志故事。 branches was honoured truly 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．watching　[考查省略句。while后的动词watch与主句主语Max构成主动关系，此时while后应用动词-ing形式，表示“正在做……的时候”。故填watching。] 2．the　[考查冠词。根据句意可知，这里是说所有孩子一起共享那几件器材，因此，very few之前的冠词应用the，表示特指。故填the。] 3．who　[考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指那些人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故填who。] 4．influential　[考查形容词。修饰名词charity，应用形容词。故填influential。] 5．Known　[考查非谓语动词。此处与主句主语Max's charity构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式，known as表示“以……而著称/出名”；设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Known。] 6．to donate　[考查非谓语动词。此处指他去非洲的目的是捐赠器材和训练孩子，应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to donate。] 7．what　[考查宾语从句。此处是what引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作表语，what指代“它今天的样子”。故填what。] 8．branches　[考查名词复数。branch为可数名词，在数量词nine之后应用复数。故填branches。] 9．was honoured　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Max与动词honour之间构成被动关系，应使用被动语态；主语Max为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；根据“2018”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was honoured。] 10．truly　[考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词make，应用副词。故填truly。] $