Unit 3 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦动词不定式语法，涵盖句法功能、时态语态及to的用法，通过美文诵读感知实例，语法体悟标注成分，搭建从感知到分析的学习支架，衔接后续系统语法精讲。 其亮点在于结合单元“海洋探索”主题，讲练融合，即时训练巩固基础，能力提升融入阅读理解等语篇任务，培养语言能力与思维品质，“名师点津”归纳规律助力高效学习，帮助学生提升语法应用与语篇理解能力，为教师提供系统教学资源。

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 主题语境 人与自然 —— 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练 (Learning About Language) 动词不定式 美文诵读 In our life，①to keep an optimistic mindset is of great significance．When facing life's obstacles，we should learn ②to choose optimism．Optimism encourages us ③to believe in ourselves and gives us the courage ④to pursue our dreams．⑤To achieve a more optimistic state of mind，we can surround ourselves with positive people ⑥to let their optimism rub off on us．There are always many reasons to be optimistic．The hope ⑦to see a better tomorrow，the chance ⑧to improve ourselves，and the possibility ⑨to make a difference in the world are all things that can keep us optimistic．Our goal should be ⑩to spread this optimism to others and make the world a better place． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 语法体悟 ①为动词不定式作主语； ②为动词不定式作宾语； ③为动词不定式作宾语补足语； ④⑦⑧⑨为动词不定式作定语； ⑤⑥为动词不定式作状语； ⑩为动词不定式作表语 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 动词不定式的基本构成是“to＋动词原形”，to是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征，它可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。 一、动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等，通常表示某次具体行为。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．作主语 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。为了保持句子平衡，往往在句首用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动词不定式后置。 To remain silent sometimes is better． →It is better to remain silent sometimes． 有时保持沉默更好。 To remember to switch off the electricity is important． →It's important to remember to switch off the electricity． 重要的是要记住关掉电源。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．作表语 在用动词不定式作表语的句子中，系动词除be外，还有seem，appear等。 Her wish is to become a teacher． 她的愿望是成为一名教师。 They seem to know what they're doing． 看来他们知道自己在干什么。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．作宾语 动词不定式作宾语，是指不定式to do在句中直接充当及物动词或短语动词的宾语。 I've arranged to meet him at ten o'clock． 我已安排好十点钟见他。 He agreed to smoke no more cigarettes． 他同意不再抽烟。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　(1)带疑问词的动词不定式短语可作主语、表语或宾语。 Who to turn to is what she wants to know． 她想知道的事情是该向谁求助。 Our difficulty is where to find a guide． 我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。 We must find out what to do next． 我们必须弄清楚下一步做什么。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (2)think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth．”结构。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over little things． 她认为没必要为小事跟他争吵。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4．作定语 动词不定式作定语，位于被修饰的词语之后，即作后置定语，说明被修饰词的特征。 (1)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability，attempt，chance，courage，decision，effort，failure，promise，way，wish等。 Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices? 你能想出一个对付日益上涨的物价的好办法吗？ But she gave up the chance to go abroad． 但是她放弃了出国的机会。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (2)由only，first，last，next以及其他序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接动词不定式作定语。 Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night? 谁是昨晚最后离开教室的？ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　(1)如果动词不定式和被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，则动词不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时须在不定式前加“要”字。 We have three machines to repair today． 我们今天有三台机器要修理。 (2)在具有逻辑上的动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式中的动词是不及物的，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。 There are five pairs to choose from． 这儿有五对可供选择。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (3)有时不定式中的动词尽管是及物的，并且带了宾语，其后还要加一个介词。 There's no key to open the door with． 没有可以用来打开这扇门的钥匙。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．作状语 动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。 We went there to see our grandparents．(目的) 我们去那里看望我们的祖父母。 I am very sorry to hear that．(原因) 听到这个消息我很抱歉。 She hurried home only to find her father dead．(结果) 她匆匆赶到家，却发现父亲已经去世了。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) He cleared his throat as though to speak．(方式) 他清了清喉咙，好像要说话的样子。 You would be a fool to refuse this offer．(条件) 你要是谢绝这一番好意就太傻了。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 6．作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语时跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语做进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，command，inspire，encourage等。 The police are advising people to stay at home． 警方告诫民众要待在家中。 I've asked him to come to the party． 我已邀请他来参加聚会。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　(1)在某些表示心理状态的动词(believe，find，consider，prove，suppose，think，declare等)后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式往往是“to be＋形容词”，其中的to be通常可省略。 They believe him (to be) innocent． 他们相信他是无辜的。 (2)以动词不定式作宾语补足语的句子，变为被动语态后，该不定式便充当主语补足语。 He has been asked to come to the party． 他已被邀请来参加聚会。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 即时训练1 单句语法填空 ①It is difficult for us __________ (finish) writing the composition in a quarter of an hour． ②When he enters the university，he will find it hard ________ (make) friends． ③Let's first find a room to put the things __． ④Father will not allow us ________ (play) on the street． ⑤The book is believed ______ (be) interesting． to finish to make in to play to be 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 二、动词不定式的时态和语态 动词不定式的时态和语态主要用于体现其与谓语动词动作之间的时间关系及逻辑上的主谓关系。 1．动词不定式的时态和语态列表(以do为例) 　　语态 时态　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing — 完成时 to have done to have been done 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (1)一般时 动词不定式的一般时所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 I noticed him go out． 我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生) 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (2)进行时 动词不定式的进行时所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 They are reported to be working hard． 据报道，他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work hard同时发生) I am very glad to be working with you． 我非常乐意与你一起工作。(be glad与work同时发生) 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (3)完成时 动词不定式的完成时所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time． 很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry之前) He is believed to have come． 相信他已经来了。(come发生在be believed之前) 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　(1)用intend，expect，hope，suppose，want等谓语动词的过去完成时或一般过去时＋动词不定式的一般时，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。 John (had) hoped to come，but he was too busy at that time． 约翰本来想来的，可他那时太忙了。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) (2)在seem，appear以及believe，consider，think等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示一个动作先于另一个动作。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。 He seems to have bought the new book． ＝It seems that he has bought the new book． 他好像已经买了那本新书。 (3)表示目的，通常用动词不定式的一般时。 He worked very hard to finish the work by five． 他干得很卖力，为了在五点钟前完成工作。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．动词不定式的被动语态 动词不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，一般使用被动形式。 The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again． 那个男孩要求给他机会再试一次。 The manuscript seems to have been written by Shakespeare． 这手稿好像是莎士比亚写的。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　(1)有些动词，如want，need，require作“需要”讲时，后常接动词不定式的被动形式(相当于动词-ing形式的主动形式)。 The house wants to be repaired/repairing． 这座房子需要修理了。 These flowers need to be watered/watering once a day． 这些花需要每天浇一次水。 (2)在there be句型中的动词不定式可用主动语态和被动语态。 There is a lot of work to do/to be done． 有很多工作要做。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．以下几类句子中通常用动词不定式的主动语态。 You are not to blame for what happened． 你对发生的事没有责任。 A lot remains to do． 还有很多事要做。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 即时训练2 单句语法填空 ①It's a great honour __________ (invite) to Mary's birthday． ②She is known __________________ (work) on the problem for many years． ③Can you tell me which is the car ___________ (repair)? ④He seems _____________________ (eat) something． ⑤I'm sorry ___________ (give) you so much trouble． to be invited to have been working to be repaired to be eating/to have eaten to have given 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 三、动词不定式符号to的省略 动词不定式符号to在很多情况下可以省略，主要遵循以下原则： 1．在某些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式，常不带to；如果这些动词用于被动结构，其后的to就必须补上。这类词可以用以下口诀助记： 一发现一感觉：find，feel 二听：listen to，hear 三让：make，have，let 五看：see，watch，observe，look at，notice 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) I often hear him sing the song． 我经常听见他唱那首歌。 He is often heard to sing the song． 他经常被人听见唱那首歌。 2．在以why引导的疑问句中，表示建议，不定式不带to。 Why congratulate her? 为什么要祝贺她呢？ Why not conduct the interview right now? 为什么不马上主持面试呢？ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．在cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but之后的动词不定式不带to。 I cannot but admire his courage． 我不得不佩服他的勇气。 4．在but，except之前有行为动词do，这些词后的动词不定式不带to，否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry． 她除了哭，不能做任何事。 I have no choice but to work for the firm． 除了为这家公司工作，我别无选择。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．两个不定式并列，第一个不定式中的to不能省略，第二个不定式中的to可以省略；但是当两个不定式表示对比关系时，第二个不定式中的to就不能省略。 Her work is to keep the house clean and look after the children．(并列关系) 她的工作就是打扫房子和照看孩子。 To be or not to be，that is a question．(对比关系) 生存还是毁灭，那是个问题。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 6．若谓语之前出现实义动词do的任何形式，则作表语的不定式中的to可以省略。 The next thing that she wants to do is (to) thank her coach． 她想要做的下一件事是感谢她的教练。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 四、动词不定式符号to的单独使用 在非正式语体中，为避免重复，可以保留不定式符号to，省去之后的动词原形及其余部分。这种处理方式被称为动词不定式符号的单独使用。 You may go if you wish to．(to后省略了go) 要是想走，你可以走。 George says he is going to leave Shanghai，but I don't think he really wants to．(to后省略了leave Shanghai) 乔治说他要离开上海，不过我认为他并非真想离开。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) [名师点津]　如果不定式符号之后的动词是be，则将to be一并保留。 —Aren't you the manager? —No，and I don't want to be． ——难道你不是经理吗？ ——不是，我不想当(经理)。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 即时训练3 单句语法填空 ①I often see him __ (go) to school on foot． ②The boss made them ____ (work) the whole night． ③He wants to do nothing but __ (do) his homework． ④He expected to move to France and _____ (marry) the girl． ⑤Because we've missed the last bus，all we could do was ________ (walk) home． ⑥Don't touch the machine unless the engineer allows you __． go work do marry (to) walk to 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 课时提升作业(八)　(Learning About Language) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．Today I'd like _______ (focus) on some major developments，which include shared bicycles，high-speed trains and new energy vehicles． 2．I had planned _____ (fly) to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference． (建议用时：45分钟　满分：89.5分) to focus to fly 3．As you said，you intend ________ (have) us randomly matched in pairs． 4．Students of all grades are welcome _______________ (participate)． 5．I'm Li Hua from Class 3．I am writing ___________ (express) my concern about the upcoming spoken English program． 6．A better way might be ________ (have) students practice with partners who have similar English proficiency and learning needs． to have to participate to express to have 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 7．On the one hand，it is convenient and time-saving，allowing us _______ (learn) anytime and anywhere we like． 8．To avoid these problems，we should try our best ____________ (concentrate) on our study and take enough breaks from the screen to refresh our mind and body． to learn to concentrate 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．我选择画一幅风景画，画的亮点是一个宁静的湖泊，湖泊周围是生机勃勃的花朵和苍劲的树木。 ______________________ featuring a calm lake surrounded by vibrant flowers and solemn trees． 2．这次活动的目的是提高人们节约粮食的意识，培养人们的责任感。 The purpose of this activity is _______________________________and cultivate a sense of responsibility． I chose to paint a landscape to promote awareness of saving food 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．此外，太极拳已被证明对健康有许多好处，包括改善睡眠、缓解压力和提高精力。 Moreover，tai chi has been shown ____________________________，including better sleep，stress relief，and increased energy levels． 4．因此，我强烈建议你去参观这个展览，因为它确实值得一看。 Therefore，______________________________________________， for it is really worth seeing． to have numerous health benefits I highly recommend you to pay a visit to this exhibition 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．在课堂上，导师教了我们一些基础知识，比如如何阅读编织图案。 During the class，the instructor taught us the basics，such as _________________________． how to read a knitting patterns 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅲ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Research has become both simpler and more complex．It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you just need 1．______ (find) information by searching the Internet．For all your information，you don't have 2．_____ (go) to the library to find the relevant resources and 3．____(take) notes on it．Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies needed 4．_______ (finish) your research．Remember，however，that what you should do is usually 5．______ (consult) different types of sources．That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research． to find to go take to finish consult 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) While it is easier 6．________ (seek) information than ever，at the same time，researching has become more complex 7．____________ (complete)．There is a lot more material available for you 8．__________ (choose) from，which means you may be overwhelmed with any amount of information．You need to learn how 9．________ (sort) through and 10．____ (find) the relevant information for your particular project．Also，you need to check． to seek to complete to choose to sort find 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) According to the Global Maritime Wrecks Database，the ocean's bottom hosts over 250，000 shipwrecks (沉船)，from 2200 BCE to today，but UNESCO believes there could be as many as three million，largely undiscovered． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Wrecks offer historical insights，relics，metals for reuse，and potential treasures．The Colombian government is working out the best way to raise the San Jose，an 18th-century Spanish sailboat that sank within the country's waters，having invested $3.5 million in conservation．But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) A shipwreck contains history and becomes part of the ocean，influenced by nature．It's like a museum piece interacting with its surroundings．Shipwrecks help us see how oceans and coasts change．In the Mississippi delta，they track dangerous mudslides affecting oil facilities and pipelines．A sunken tanker near Louisiana moved 11 km over 80 years due to mud．Shipwrecks also show how sea life might live around new underwater structures．They create homes for sea animals，with some having more diversity than natural reefs．Meyer-Kaiser says any man-made object in water becomes a habitat，though some might not be as good for sea creatures． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ocean currents，warming waters，and invasive species can be risks to shipwrecks．To prevent unauthorized exploration，the locations of more than 200 shipwrecks have largely been kept secret．Meyer-Kaiser says she had to sign a non-disclosure agreement (保密协议) to study them．However，Meyer-Kaiser's research suggests that another activity could be causing much more damage: commercial fishing．In response，a pilot project called the Shipwreck Avoidance Program was launched，showing promising results． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了沉船为海洋探索提供了历史见解，为海洋生物提供了栖息地，是海洋的隐藏博物馆。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．What do some scientists probably agree with according to paragraph 2? A．Underwater shipwrecks should also be valued． B．The San Jose sailboat is worth the investment． C．Shipwrecks are more valuable than potential treasures． D．The Colombian government thinks little of shipwrecks． √ A　[细节理解题。根据第二段的“But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea．”可知，科学家认为水下沉船也应该受到重视。故选A。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The history of shipwrecks． B．The interaction with nature． C．The habitat for sea creatures． D．The significance of shipwrecks． √ D　[段落大意题。根据第三段前三句和最后三句可知，本段在讲沉船的重要性。故选D。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．What has been done to protect shipwrecks? A．Removing invasive creatures． B．Stopping exploring shipwrecks． C．Agreeing to prevent further damage． D．Conducting the Shipwreck Avoidance Program． √ D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In response，a pilot project called the Shipwreck Avoidance Program was launched，showing promising results．”可知，为了保护沉船，一项名为“沉船避免计划”的试点项目启动了。故选D。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Diversity of Shipwrecks B．Ocean's Hidden Museums C．Undiscovered Shipwrecks D．Insight into Wrecks Research √ 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) B　[标题归纳题。根据第二段的“Wrecks offer historical insights，relics，metals for reuse，and potential treasures．”和“But some scientists believe that shipwrecks are just as valuable when left at the bottom of the sea．”并通读全文可知，本文讲述了沉船的价值，沉船提供了历史见解、文物、可重复使用的金属和潜在的宝藏，如同海洋里隐藏的博物馆，因此推断B项“海洋隐藏的博物馆”为最佳标题。故选B。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) A Plastic Ocean is a documentary to make you think．Think，and then act．We need to take action on our dependence on plastic．We've been producing plastic in huge quantities．Some bottles，shopping bags and toys are made of plastic． 1 What happens to all the rest? This is the question the documentary A Plastic Ocean answers． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) The documentary begins with a journey to film the largest animal on the planet，the blue whale．But during the journey，the producers made a shocking discovery of a huge，thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean． 2 In total，they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the documentary． In the documentary there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life． 3 We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping (倾倒) into the oceans．The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4 In the second half，the producers look at what we can do to deal with the problem．They present short-term and long-term solutions．These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling plastic as much as we can．The producers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes． We make a shocking amount of plastic．Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year，and at least 8 million of it are dumped into the oceans．The results are disastrous，but it isn't too late to change． 5 5 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) A．These are contrasted with plastic rubbish． B．It has raised public concern all over the world． C．In conclusion，we only have one Earth to live on． D．But the documentary doesn't only present the negative side． E．We live in a world full of plastic，and only a small amount is recycled． F．Once you've seen the documentary，you'll realise it is time to do your part． G．This caused them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纪录片《塑料海洋》的制作及其反映的塑料污染问题，告诉我们应该及时行动，改变现状。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．E　[前文提到我们在制造大量塑料，后文“What happens to all the rest? ”提问其他的处理方式，因此E项符合语境，说明只有一小部分塑料被回收利用，承前启后，后文的“all the rest”和E项中的“only a small amount”呼应。故选E。] 2．G　[前文提到纪录片制作人惊人的发现，后文“In total，they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the documentary．”提到他们走访了很多地方，因此G项符合语境，介绍他们因此去观察其他受影响的地区，承前启后，其中的This指代前一句的内容，其中的“areas”和后文的“locations”呼应。故选G。] 3．A　[前文“In the documentary there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life．”提到能看到美丽的海洋和海洋生物，因此A项符合语境，塑料垃圾与美丽的海洋形成对比，承接前文，其中的“These”指代前文的“beautiful shots of the seas and marine life”。故选A。] 4．D　[空处位于段首，应该是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文主要有关纪录片中涉及问题的解决方法，因此D项符合语境，提到纪录片也不仅仅呈现了消极的内容，引出后文内容。故选D。] 5．F　[前文“The results are disastrous，but it isn't too late to change．”指出现在采取行动依然不晚，因此F项符合语境，呼吁读者做出行动，承接前文。故选F。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat(外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty，with a pioneering and adventurous 1 as well as a strong and unyielding character，was 2 as the “pioneer of the silk road” “the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the 3 ”． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) As early as 2，000 years ago，Zhang Qian was 4 on a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China to 5 the enemies in northern tribes．Along the way，no matter how difficult the environment was，his 6 was firm．But soon Zhang was 7 by the Huns just as he left Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) After eleven spring and autumn cycles，the Huns' 8 became loose．Hence，Zhang ran away with his personal 9 ．They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water．Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows，they 10 by eating birds and animals along the way．After several days，they 11 arrived in Amu Darya Area．However，people there enjoyed their life and didn't want any war．Though Zhang didn't finish his mission，he brought back precious 12 of the Western Regions． 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Due to the 13 of Zhang Qian，the Silk Road started．Through his diplomatic practice，the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and Western countries was 14 ，and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted．Zhang's journey to the Western Regions breathed new 15 into the civilisation and progress of the whole world． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域，开启了丝绸之路的故事，及其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．A．will　　　　　　　　 B．spirit C．team D．tradition √ B　[根据下文“‘pioneer of the silk road’‘the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world’”可知，张骞具有开拓冒险的精神和坚强不屈的性格。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 2．A．played B．dressed C．mistaken D．honoured √ D　[空后是张骞赢得的几个名誉称号，be honoured as“被誉为”，符合题意。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 3．A．north B．east C．south D．west √ B　[根据上文“Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知，张骞是中国汉朝人，故被誉为“东方的哥伦布”。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 4．A．assigned B．frozen C．withdrawn D．stuck √ A　[根据空后的“on a mission to seek allies in the west of China”及常识可知，张骞是被派到中国西部寻求盟友。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 5．A．compromise with B．take over C．fight against D．learn from √ C　[根据空后的“the enemies in northern tribes”可知，此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 6．A．statement B．position C．faith D．reputation √ C　[根据句意及下文他被囚禁十几年之后仍继续向西前行可知，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念始终坚定。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 7．A．captured B．persuaded C．threatened D．challenged √ A　[根据下文的“was held prisoner for a dozen years”可知，张骞离开汉朝领土后不久，被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知，张骞被俘虏了。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 8．A．watch B．atmosphere C．investigation D．requirement √ A　[根据下文“Hence，Zhang ran away”可知，张骞逃了出来。由此可知，此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 9．A．cattle B．waitresses C．cooks D．guards √ D　[根据下文“They continued to travel west...”可知，他们继续向西前行。由此可知，此处指张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 10．A．surrounded B．survived C．sheltered D．strengthened √ B　[根据“by eating birds and animals along the way”及语境可知，尽管没有干粮和水，但是由于高超的射箭技术，他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物活了下来。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 11．A．constantly B．violently C．extensively D．eventually √ D　[根据上下文可知，张骞一行人历经艰险，终于到达阿姆河地区。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 12．A．power B．valuables C．knowledge D．slaves √ C　[根据上下文可知，虽然张骞没有完成(为汉武帝寻找盟友的)使命，但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 13．A．greed B．wealth C．effort D．violence √ C　[根据上下文可知，张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方的物质文化交流，所以由于他的努力，丝绸之路开始了。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 14．A．constructed B．reformed C．preserved D．assessed √ A　[根据下文“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted”可知，张骞的外交实践架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 15．A．smell B．vitality C．format D．discipline √ B　[根据上下文可知，张骞出使西域，为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。] 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) The world's oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history in 2024，supercharging (加剧) extreme weather events，scientists have reported．They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans 1．____________(occur) since 2015，and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than 2．____ from 1960－1985．Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air，3．_____ is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas． had occurred that which 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns，which 4．_____ (lead) to floods，droughts and wildfires．Heat also causes seawater 5．_________ (expand) and drives up sea levels．Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by the end of the century，6．__________ (threaten) 150 million people．Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming marine (海洋的) life，with 7．___ number of ocean heatwaves increasing 8．_______ (sharp)． leads to expand threatening the sharply 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water are reducing as the seas heat up．This means the surface layers heat up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the 9．______(deep)． “The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020，10．_______ a record drop in global carbon emissions (排放)．The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere，” said Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University． depths despite 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球海平面上升的现状和其所带来的危害。 课时提升作业 Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 1．had occurred　[考查动词和时态。句子表述的事情发生在2015年之后的5年，即在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had occurred。] 2．that　[考查代词。本处是并列成分(主语之间)的比较，than后用that代替主语the rate of heating。故填that。] 3．which　[考查定语从句。本处是非限制性定语从句，空处是引导词，指代前面整个句子，用which。故填which。] 4．leads　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故谓语用单数形式；从句表述客观真理，用一般现在时。故填leads。] 5．to expand　[考查非谓语动词。cause sb．to do sth．是固定用法，意为“导致……做某事”。故填to expand。] 6．threatening　[考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语；sea level rise与threaten之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作后置定语。故填threatening。] 7．the　[考查固定搭配。此处表示“……的数量”，用固定搭配the number of。故填the。] 8．sharply　[考查词性转换。空处缺副词作状语，修饰形容词increasing。故填sharply。] 9．depths　[考查词性转换。空处填名词作介词 from的宾语；deep的名词形式为depth，且根据句意应用depth的复数形式depths。故填depths。] 10．despite　[考查介词。空处表示“尽管”，后接名词性短语，可用despite。故填despite。] $