Unit 5 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语长句语法核心知识点，系统梳理简单句、并列句、复合句的特征及差异，通过美文诵读感知长句结构，结合实例分析主干与修饰成分，再以“依谓语找主语、提主干去枝叶”等方法构建破解策略，形成“感知-讲解-应用”的学习支架。 资料以“情境导入+方法提炼”为特色，美文诵读与语法体悟结合提升语言理解能力，长句分析中引导学生辨逻辑、提主干培养思维品质，多样化练习（句型转换、长句翻译等）助力主动调适学习策略。课中教师可依托分层讲解提升授课效率，课后学生能通过题型训练查漏补缺，巩固语法应用能力。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 长句 美文诵读 语法体悟 ①Her efforts paid off when Judy graduated from college and she was the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree．She grew up in a family of six children．②Her dad worked at a research center away from her home and her mother ran the firm consisting of 50 employees．③After high school，Judy attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition，because she wanted to be independent rather than rely on her parents．④After graduation，she found an ideal and well-paid job，which helped her accumulate a lot of wealth． 英语长句是指英语中的并列句、复合句和并列复合句。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个句子，如句②。复合句是指一个句子除了主句以外，还包括从句，如③④。并列复合句则是包含了并列句和从句的混合句，如①。 一、长难句种类 1．简单句 David Daiches，English-born but Scottish-educated，formerly a professor at Chicago University and Cornell University，now at the University of Sussex，chaired the meeting with the skill and courage of a lion-tamer． [分析]　本句的主干部分David Daiches chaired the meeting with the skill and courage of a lion-tamer是“主谓宾状”句型(SVOA)。主语David Daiches后的English-born but Scottish-educated是两个并列的复合形容词作后置定语(相当于who was English-born but Scottish-educated)，其后的formerly...at the University of Sussex作主语的同位语。 [翻译]　英格兰出生却在苏格兰受过教育的大卫·戴奇斯，以前是芝加哥大学和康奈尔大学的教授，现执教于萨塞克斯大学，以驯狮人的技能和胆量主持了这次会议。 2．并列句 Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class． [分析]　本句是由so连接的并列句。so之前的分句本身也是并列句，由but连接；but之后的分句students must be ready to...lecture/discussion是“主谓宾”句型(SVO)。 [翻译]　每天的课堂活动都会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备完成简短的课堂写作或测试，其内容直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。 3．复合句 A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages． [分析]　本句是一个复合句。句子主干部分A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds属于“主谓宾”句型(SVO)，其中that引导宾语从句；在new speech sounds后是that引导的定语从句。 [翻译]　一项为期五年的突破性研究表明：由于饮食改变，人类(牙齿)咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新的语音，这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，如果是复合句，说明该句中有什么从句。 ①Having never operated a computer，Mr．Johnson met with a lot of difficulties at first． 简单句 ②Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so． 并列句 ③The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom． 复合句；定语从句 ④He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child． 复合句；状语从句 ⑤What he said at the meeting is very important，isn't it？ 复合句；主语从句 ⑥We grow rice in the south of our country，but in the north where it is colder grow wheat． 并列复合句；定语从句 ⑦My brother and I go to school at eight in the morning and come back home at six in the evening． 简单句 ⑧Whatever you have picked up，you must give it back to whoever it belongs to． 复合句；状语从句和宾语从句 ⑨Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole． 并列复合句；状语从句 ⑩It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations． 复合句；定语从句 二、破解长难句 1．依谓语，找主语 People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations． [分析]　主句谓语是feared，其主语是people，that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语是would encourage和(would) hurt，其主语是weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 [翻译]　二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 [总结]　一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。 2．提主干，去枝叶 Perhaps the best sign of how computer and the Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself，which sees printing as its most promising new market． [分析]　句子主干为the best sign comes from the high-tech industry itself；of how computer and the Internet use pushes up demand for paper作sign的定语；which sees printing as its most promising new market是定语从句，修饰先行词the high-tech industry。 [翻译]　或许，表明电脑及因特网的使用如何促进纸张需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场。 [总结]　一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句和修饰语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。 3．寻关联，辨逻辑 Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements． [分析]　本句是一个复合句。句中whether引导主语从句，as引导原因状语从句，how well引导的从句作介词of的宾语。 [翻译]　你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展有很大影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。 [总结]　许多长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，但这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，对长句的理解就容易多了。要掌握此方法，必须对英语中常见的关联词谙熟于心。 4．看句型，防分隔 Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising． [分析]　本句是一个简单句。句子主干为Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising；第二个and前是“主谓宾宾补”句型(SVOC)，只不过宾语和宾语补足语被to some degree隔开而已。 [翻译]　从某种程度上说，一些公司把卫生的、安全的产品的生产当作他们最大的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。 [总结]　有时一个长句或难句是由一个或两个句型构成，而且其中常常出现分隔现象。学生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，对句意的理解就会发生偏差。 句型转换 ①The situation is dangerous．There is still one possible way to keep away from the danger． → Although the situation is dangerous，there is still one possible way to keep away from the danger．(含状语从句的复合句) ②We'll organize all kinds of activities in our English club．We can not only practice but also learn more English in the activities． → We'll organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which/where we can not only practice but also learn more English．(含定语从句的复合句) ③I don't like the job．It is boring and needs much patience． → I don't like the job which/that is boring and needs much patience．(含定语从句的复合句) ④When did you enter the room? The police want to know it． → The police want to know when you entered the room．(含宾语从句的复合句) ⑤Several weeks had passed．I knew the painting was lost． → Several weeks had passed before I knew the painting was lost．(含状语从句的复合句) 课时提升作业(十四)　(Learning About Language) (建议用时：45分钟　满分：94.5分) Ⅰ．按要求改写句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．The scientist is giving a lecture．You met the scientist at the conference last week．(改为含定语从句的复合句) The scientist (whom/that) you met at the conference last week is giving a lecture． 2．The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world．It attracts millions of tourists every year．(改为含定语从句的复合句) The Great Wall，which attracts millions of tourists every year，is one of the greatest wonders in the world． 3．The hurricane was very powerful．It completely destroyed the small coastal town．(改为含状语从句的复合句) The hurricane was so powerful that it completely destroyed the small coastal town． 4．It is an undeniable fact．The development of artificial intelligence will bring about a revolutionary change in various industries and job markets．(改为含主语从句的复合句) That the development of artificial intelligence will bring about a revolutionary change in various industries and job markets is an undeniable fact． 5．You should have a clear vision of what you want to achieve and be willing to take persistent actions towards it．This is the key to success．(改为含表语从句的复合句) The key to success is that you should have a clear vision of what you want to achieve and be willing to take persistent actions towards it． Ⅱ．完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．我非常支持你的决定，因为这不仅可以提高你的技能，还可以帮助你结交新朋友。 I highly support your decision，as it will not only improve your skills but also help you make new friends． 2．他是一位经验丰富的教练，训练过许多不同水平的球员。 He is an experienced coach who has trained many players at different levels． 3．上周五我们去了公园，一个独特的环境激发了我的灵感，我创作了一幅画，画的是郁郁葱葱的树木环绕着宁静的湖泊。 Last Friday witnessed our going into the park，a unique setting that inspired me to create a painting of the calm lake surrounded by green trees． 4．在户外画画不仅是一种令人耳目一新的改变，而且还让我以一种新的角度看待颜色和形状。 Not only was painting outdoors a refreshing change，but it also allowed me to see colors and shapes in a new light． 5．此外，这是一场感官盛宴，更加深了我对自然世界之美的感知(perception)和欣赏。 Moreover，it was a sensory feast that deepened my perception and appreciation for the beauty of our natural world even more． 6．强调中国经济增长及其向全球经济强国的转型将是一个很好的方面，这说明了中国显著的进步和稳定。 Highlighting China's economic growth and its transition to a global economic powerhouse would be a great aspect to cover，which illustrates the country's remarkable progress and stability． Ⅲ．分析下列长句并将其翻译成汉语(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分) 1．Goffin's cockatoos，a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old． [分析]　此句是一个简单句。“a kind of small parrot native to Australasia”是“Goffin's cockatoos”的同位语。 [翻译]　戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小型鹦鹉，科学表明，其形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。 2．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%． [分析]　此句是一个主从复合句。It 为形式主语，that 引导的主语从句作真正的主语；who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies 为定语从句，修饰 students。 [翻译]　不难看出，选择听英语歌曲和看英语电影的学生比例分别为65%和 50%。 3．The law is well known that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction． [分析]　此句是一个主从复合句。is well known是谓语，将 that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction这个同位语从句和同位的名词词组The law隔开。 [翻译]　(对于)每一个作用力都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用力，这个定律是众所周知的。 4．The project，which was initiated last year with the aim of improving the transportation infrastructure in the remote areas，has already achieved significant progress despite facing numerous challenges such as lack of funds and shortage of skilled workers． [分析]　句子主干：“The project has already achieved significant progress”，“The project” 是主语，“has achieved” 是谓语，“significant progress” 是宾语，句子表达的核心内容是 “这个项目已经取得了重大进展”。“which was initiated last year with the aim of improving the transportation infrastructure in the remote areas” 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 “The project”。“despite facing numerous challenges such as lack of funds and shortage of skilled workers” 是一个介词短语作让步状语。 [翻译]　这个项目于去年启动，旨在改善偏远地区的交通基础设施。尽管面临着资金短缺和技术工人不足等诸多挑战，但它已经取得了重大进展。 5．Some experts say that the increase in carbon dioxide means that we will have to grow more food to feed the world's growing population，as the change in the climate makes it more difficult to grow crops in some areas． [分析]　句子的主干是 “Some experts say that...”，“that” 引导宾语从句，作 “say” 的宾语。在宾语从句中，又包含一个 “that” 引导的宾语从句 “that we will have to grow more food to feed the world's growing population”，作 “means” 的宾语。“to feed the world's growing population” 是动词不定式作目的状语。“as” 表示 “因为”，引导原因状语从句。“it” 在这里作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 “to grow crops in some areas”，“the change in the climate” 是从句的主语。 [翻译]　一些专家说，二氧化碳含量的增加意味着我们将不得不种植更多的粮食来养活世界上不断增长的人口，因为气候的变化使得在一些地区种植庄稼变得更加困难。 Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) From the age of five，Alison Mbekeani，now in Durham University for her PhD，dreamed of becoming a scientist．But becoming a mum of two children put a brake on her career．She does not expect to return to the lab until her children are 16．Dr．Mbekeani is not alone．One survey in 2019 found that childcare responsibilities led 29% of mums with a child under 14 to reduce their working hours，compared with just 5% of fathers． In an ideal world，the government would not have to worry about any of this．Based on their preferences，parents would make a judgment over whether to outsource(外包) childcare or keep it in-house．The question for policymakers is whether parental behavior reflects actual preferences or it is driven by constraints(限制)． Constraints are an issue．Three in five nonworking mums say that they would prefer to work，given the right childcare．Families had to fork out an average of ￡260 a week in 2021 for 50 hours of nursery care for a child under two．A tenth of households with a child under five report difficulty meeting such costs．As well as price，availability is a problem．Just 68% of local authorities in England report having enough childcare provision(供应) to serve parents who work full time． Besides childcare，the benefits that could flow from evening out the gender(性别) imbalance in childcare could also be pretty large．One recent study estimated the gains from shuffling men and women according to ability，pulling productive women into work and kicking unproductive men out．Astonishingly，it was calculated that Britain's average output per worker could be as much as 30% higher． Cheaper childcare and gender-balanced responsibility in it are ways out to help mums into work，but policies would need to be designed to target really constrained parents．However，experts also add that giving children the best start in life means shorter，structured days full of interaction． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了妈妈们回归职场困难的原因，阐述了如何帮助照顾孩子的妈妈回归职场。 1．Why is the story of Alison mentioned? A．To confirm an idea． B．To develop the plot． C．To draw a conclusion． D．To introduce the topic． D　[写作意图题。根据第一段的“Dr．Mbekeani is not alone．”并结合下文内容可知，第一段通过Alison的故事，引出本文话题：如何照顾孩子以帮助妈妈重回职场。] 2．What is the government's key focus about childcare problem? A．The influence of parents' final decision． B．The difference of children's preference． C．The balance of responsibility to do housework． D．The consistency of parental behavior and actual liking． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，政府需要关注的是父母的养育行为是否真正反映了他们真实的偏好。] 3．What does the underlined word “shuffling” mean in paragraph 4? A．Observing．　　　　　 B．Describing． C．Rearranging． D．Protecting． C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“pulling productive women into work and kicking unproductive men out”可知，“将有效率的女性纳入职场，并将没有效率的男性开除”是对画线词的解释，故可推知画线词表示“重新安排”。] 4．Which is a suggested solution to helping mums into work? A．Reducing childcare fees． B．Strengthening children's responsibility． C．Shortening children's structured days． D．Offering the best life start to children． A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，帮助妈妈们进入职场的建议解决方案之一是降低育儿费用。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) What to do when you hate your job Do you ever find yourself thinking，“I hate my job so much．”？ A survey by CNBC found that 27% of employees weren't happy at work． 1 ．In this article，you'll learn what to do when you hate your job． Keep thoughts quiet It's okay to hate your job，but talking about it openly or posting it on social media is a recipe for disaster．It may be easier than you think for employers to see your social media posts． 2 ．Instead，keep these thoughts to yourself，or share them with trusted friends and family． Be professional Similarly，when you hate your job，it can be challenging to remain calm at work． 3 ．In the long run，this will pay off．Try to avoid burning bridges．Instead，work to maintain your integrity (职业操守) and develop a good reputation． 4 Sometimes it can help to dig into the motivation you had when you initially took the job．Perhaps you need the money，or the job is close to home．Aside from creating a more positive mindset，understanding what's important to you can help you look on your job wisely． Regardless of your feelings，it's a good idea to learn how not to hate your job．Finding a new job isn't easy． 5 ．So，even if you decide to jump ship，it may be a while before you can．Plus，there's always the chance that you can improve the situation enough that you're happy to stay．So，before we explore how to leave a job you hate，let's try to embrace it first． A．You're not alone B．However，there's hope C．Be as practical as you can D．Remind yourself why you took the job E．You could get the boot before you're ready F．However，it's essential to stay effective and efficient G．And building a reliable business income can take time 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了当你讨厌你的工作时该怎么办：厌恶的想法不公开，但可以和信任的人谈一谈；在职位上仍然保持工作的专业性；找回做这份工作的初衷。 1．B　[前文“A survey by CNBC found that 27% of employees weren't happy at work．”提出了“工作中不开心”这一问题，后文“In this article，you'll learn what to do when you hate your job．”则讲到这篇文章可以帮助，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，表达“有问题，但也有希望解决”。选项B为转折句，在句意上符合分析。故选B项。] 2．E　[前文“talking about it openly or posting it on social media is a recipe for disaster”提出公开讨论对工作的厌恶会导致灾难，那么，设空句应具体讲述该灾难是什么。选项E提到的“被解雇”就是灾难，与前后文衔接紧密。故选E项。] 3．F　[根据小标题Be professional可知，该段强调尽管对目前的工作厌恶，但还要保持工作的专业度。因此可推知，设空句应具体讲述“专业度”的具体表现。选项F提及的“有效和高效”即为专业度的表现，且在句意上与前一句构成转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。] 4．D　[设空处为该段小标题。根据后文“Sometimes it can help to dig into the motivation you had when you initially took the job．”可知，该段强调找回做这份工作的初衷。选项D贴合该段中心话题。故选D项。] 5．G　[根据后文“So，even if you decide to jump ship，it may be a while before you can．”可知，跳槽存在一定的“风险”，这是一个结论，由此可推知，设空句作为前句应具体讲述其存在风险的原因。选项G提及了一个风险原因：可靠的经济收入需要时间的积累，与前一句“Finding a new job isn't easy．”构成并列关系，与前后文衔接紧密。故选G项。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) My mother，Donzella Washington，80，graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec．6 with a bachelor's degree in social work．Along with her 1 achievements，she made history as the oldest 2 in the history of Alabama A&M University． My parents had been living on a farm in California．My mother said that her 3 behind going back to school was my father，Jeff，who was her biggest 4 ．He supported everything she did， 5 returning to school．Although my father did not have a traditional college education，he knew the 6 of gaining one．My mother wanted to finish her 7 in his honor． However，my father 8 in 2010，and my mother 9 to Alabama to live with me two years later．The most challenging part was 10 her when she was missing my father badly．Those moments when she cried，all I could do was hold her and love her．I had seen my mother 11 from great sadness over my father's death and struggle to achieve her education dream．And I was very 12 to be there to witness her final success． Now，my mother says she is not slowing down so soon．She's even 13 going back to school to obtain her master's degree．She 14 to inspire and motivate others that 15 is not a barrier．When it comes to pursuing your dreams，it's never too late to achieve them． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。80岁的Donzella Washington从亚拉巴马农工大学毕业，获得了社会工作学士学位。除了学业成绩，她还创造了历史——成为亚拉巴马农工大学历史上年龄最大的毕业生。 1．A．academic　　　　　　 B．political C．musical D．scientific A　[考查形容词。句意：伴随着她的学业成绩，她成为亚拉巴马农工大学历史上最年长的毕业生。由上文的“My mother，Donzella Washington，80，graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec．6 with a bachelor's degree in social work．”可知，作者的母亲在大学里取得了学业成绩。故选A项。] 2．A．servant B．librarian C．professor D．graduate D　[考查名词。句意见上题。由上文的“My mother，Donzella Washington，80，graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec．6 with a bachelor's degree in social work．”可知，作者的母亲是亚拉巴马农工大学的毕业生。故选D项。] 3．A．possibility B．motivation C．excuse D．pressure B　[考查名词。句意：我的母亲说，她重返学校的动机是我的父亲杰夫，他是她最大的支持者。由下文的“My mother wanted to finish her in his honor．”和“struggle to achieve her education dream”可知，作者的母亲重返学校是有动机的。故选B项。] 4．A．educator B．examiner C．instructor D．supporter D　[考查名词。句意见上题。由下文的“He supported everything she did”和“My mother wanted to finish her in his honor．”可知，作者的父亲Jeff始终是母亲最大的支持者。故选D项。] 5．A．especially B．similarly C．generally D．usually A　[考查副词。句意：他支持她所做的一切，尤其是回到学校。用副词especially强调父亲支持母亲所做的一切，特别是母亲重返校园这件事。故选A项。] 6．A．purpose B．chance C．value D．difficulty C　[考查名词。句意：虽然我的父亲没有受过传统的大学教育，但他知道大学教育的价值。由常识可知，大学教育是有价值的。故选C项。] 7．A．degree B．task C．housework D．speech A　[考查名词。句意：我的母亲想为他完成她的学位。由上文语境可知，深知大学教育价值的父亲支持母亲所做的一切，鼓励母亲重返校园，所以母亲想为父亲完成她的学位，呼应上文的“My mother，Donzella Washington，80，graduated from Alabama A&M University on Dec．6 with a bachelor's degree in social work．”。故选A项。] 8．A．showed up B．passed away C．set off D．fell ill B　[考查动词短语。句意：然而，我的父亲在2010年去世，两年后我的母亲搬到亚拉巴马州与我同住。由下文的“my father's death”可知，作者的父亲去世了。故选B项。] 9．A．hurried B．rushed C．returned D．moved D　[考查动词。句意见上题。由下文的“to Alabama to live with me two years later”可知，作者的父亲去世后，母亲搬到亚拉巴马州与作者同住。故选D项。] 10．A．commenting B．ignoring C．comforting D．reminding C　[考查动词。句意：最具挑战性的部分是在她非常想念我父亲的时候安慰她。由下文的“when she was missing my father badly及Those moments when she cried，all I could do was hold her and love her．”可知，母亲想念父亲悲伤时，作者需要安慰母亲。故选C项。] 11．A．learn B．recover C．escape D．keep B　[考查动词。句意：我看到母亲从父亲去世的悲痛中恢复过来，为实现她的教育梦想而奋斗。由下文的“struggle to achieve her education dream”可知，之后母亲为实现她的教育梦想而奋斗，获得了大学学位，说明母亲从父亲去世的悲痛中恢复过来了。故选B项。] 12．A．proud B．patient C．brave D．curious A　[考查形容词。句意：我很自豪能在那里见证她的最终成功。由下文的“witness her final success”可知，看到母亲成功获得大学学位，作者感到自豪。故选A项。] 13．A．enjoying B．considering C．regretting D．imagining B　[考查动词。句意：她甚至考虑回学校攻读硕士学位。由下文的“going back to school to obtain her master's degree”可知，刚获得学士学位的母亲甚至考虑回学校攻读硕士学位。故选B项。] 14．A．fails B．hesitates C．expects D．chooses C　[考查动词。句意：她期望鼓舞和激励他人，年龄不是障碍。由上文语境可知，年迈的母亲在80岁获得学士学位，不想停止学习的脚步，作者的母亲期望用自己的故事激励其他想要学习的人。故选C项。] 15．A．knowledge B．wealth C．health D．age D　[考查名词。句意见上题。由上文语境可知，年迈的母亲在80岁获得学士学位，不想停止学习的脚步，表明年龄不是学习的障碍。故选D项。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) When thinking about careers，professional advancement，or even job hunting，we usually attach 1． (important) to the so-called “hard skills”，meaning skills 2． are directly connected to our ability to perform a particular task or do a certain job．These skills can be evaluated or measured，as they are the results of 3． (we) degrees，certificates，specialized knowledge，continuing education，vocational (职业的) training，and so on． “Soft skills”，on the other hand，are harder 4． (measure) than “hard skills”，as they usually do not come from a degree or specialized training，5． from life experience，personality，and attitude．They 6． (call) “people skills” as they 7． (typical) relate，in some forms，to how we deal or interact with other people．Are we able to motivate and lead people? Can we communicate well with others? Some commonly 8． (mention) soft skills would include creativity，teamwork，written and verbal (口头的) communication，management leadership，flexibility，and organization．These types of skills are vital，as they help to form 9． well-rounded person．They can provide a competitive edge for people who are in search 10． jobs．Soft skills are relevant to every industry or job，because people are always the key，in one way or another． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在考虑职业、职业发展甚至找工作时，“硬技能”，即与我们执行特定任务或完成特定工作的能力直接相关的技能很重要，对应的“软技能”比“硬技能”更难衡量，因为它们通常不是来自学位或专业培训，而是来自生活经验、个性和态度，文章对此进行了介绍。 1．importance　[考查名词。attach importance to意为“重视”，所以此处应用名词importance作宾语。故填importance。] 2．which/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， are directly connected to our ability to perform a particular task or do a certain job为定语从句，先行词为skills，在定语从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。] 3．our　[考查代词。修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词our表示“我们的”。故填our。] 4．to measure　[考查非谓语动词。be hard to do sth．意为“很难做某事”，所以此处应用不定式。动词measure意为“衡量”。故填to measure。] 5．but　[考查固定句式。not...but意为“不是……而是”，为固定句式，所以此处应用but。故填but。] 6．are called　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词call意为“称作”，和主语构成被动关系。主语they为复数形式。故填are called。] 7．typically　[考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词typically非谓语动词作状语。故填typically。] 8．mentioned　[考查非谓语动词。动词mention意为“提到”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语soft skills构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填mentioned。] 9．a　[考查冠词。person意为“人”，为可数名词，此处well-rounded person为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，well的开头发音为辅音。故填a。] 10．of　[考查介词。in search of意为“寻找”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词of。] 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $