Unit 2 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦过去分词用法这一核心知识点，通过美文诵读中的实例导入，系统梳理其作定语（被动/完成意义、前置/后置位置）、表语（主语状态）、宾语补足语（说明宾语状态）、状语（时间/原因等功能）的用法，并对比其与-ing形式、不定式被动的区别，构建“感知-理解-应用”的学习支架。 资料以情境化美文导入语法学习，结合“意义-位置-辨析”分层讲解，通过单句填空、语篇写作等多样练习提升语言能力，对比done与being done等用法培养思维品质。课中助力教师高效授课，课后课时作业覆盖语法、阅读等题型，帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 过去分词 美文诵读 语法体悟 Last weekend，I went on a trip to the mountains with my friends．The scenery there was really beautiful．The mountain，①covered with green trees and colorful flowers，looked like a painting．We found a small old cabin ②made of wood at the foot of the mountain．When we entered the cabin，we were ③surprised to see the furniture inside ④well preserved．The table and chairs had been ⑤polished to a shine．⑥Impressed by the scene，we decided to stay there for the night．The next morning when we woke up，we found ourselves ⑦surrounded with fresh air and the song of the birds．We walked around the mountain and took a lot of pictures．We were all ⑧tired but satisfied． 左栏黑体部分为过去分词(短语)，在句中作某一成分。 ①②在句中作后置定语； ③ ⑧ 在句中作表语； ④⑦在句中作宾语补足语； ⑥在句中作状语 一、过去分词作定语 1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers 浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 faded jeans 褪色的牛仔裤 the risen sun 升起的太阳 2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 An awakened nation is invincible． →A nation that has awakened is invincible． 一个觉醒了的民族是不可战胜的。 [名师点津]　(1)过去分词作定语和动词-ing形式作定语的区别： ①语态不同：动词-ing形式表示主动；过去分词通常表示被动。 The question discussed at the meeting was very important． 会上讨论过的那个问题很重要。 The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016． 矗立在街道角落的那所房子是在2016年建的。 ②时间不同：动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 (2)过去分词(done)、动词-ing形式的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别： 　　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our teaching building． 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our teaching building． 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our teaching building． 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作表语 1．意义：表示主语的状态或状况。 The whole world is shocked and sorrowful with the death of Yuan Longping． 全世界对袁隆平的去世感到震惊和悲伤。 2．位置：位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)之后。 When we got there，we found the door remained locked． 当我们到那里时，我们发现门仍然锁着。 [名师点津]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)． ②Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures． ③The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game． ④他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。 His right hand got burnt in that big fire． 三、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或表示宾语所承受的动作，宾语就是其逻辑主语。 2．能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类： (1)make，get，have，keep等使役动词； (2)see，hear，feel，find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词； (3)like，want，wish，order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词。 When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ She saw the thief caught by policemen． 她看见小偷被警察抓住了。 The manager doesn't like such questions discussed at the meeting． 经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。 [名师点津]　(1)使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时有两种情况： ①表示有意识的被动； ②表示无意识的被动。 I have my hair cut every month． 我每月理一次发。 He had his leg broken． 他的腿断了。 (2)过去分词作宾语补足语的句子如果变为被动语态，该过去分词就作主语补足语。 Almost no student is seen punished in this school． 在这所学校，几乎见不到学生被惩罚。 四、过去分词作状语 1．意义：过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词。 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last． 经过多次讨论，问题终于解决了。 2．功能：过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。它可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。 (1)表示时间，可转换为when，while或after等引导的时间状语从句。 Accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party． →When he was accepted by the Party，he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party． 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 (2)表示原因，可转换为as，since或because等引导的原因状语从句。 Deeply moved by the story，the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other． →Because they were deeply moved by the story，the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other． 由于他们被这个故事深深地打动了，激动的人们停止了争吵。 (3)表示条件，可转换为if或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Heated，water can be turned into vapour． →If it is heated，water can be turned into vapour． 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 (4)表示让步，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber． →Although they were exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber． 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶那个劫匪。 (5)表示方式或伴随情况，作方式状语时，如有连词as if，可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。作伴随状语时，一般转换为并列结构。 The old man went into the room，supported by his wife． →The old man was supported by his wife and went into the room． 那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 3．连词＋过去分词：过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when，while，once，if，unless，although等词，相当于状语从句的省略。 If merely written on your imagination，the report will not be convincing． 如果仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。 [名师点津]　有些过去分词(短语)作状语或宾语补足语时不表示被动而表示状态。常见的有：seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed(驻扎)，dressed in(穿着)等。 But what surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the classroom． 但是最让我吃惊的是看到一些村民坐在教室最后面的长凳上。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous． ②She couldn't make herself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic． ③Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left． ④从山顶上看，这公园看起来更美。 Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful． ⑤由于出生在纽约，他会说一口流利的美式英语。 Born in New York，he can speak fluent American English． 课时提升作业(五)　(Learning About Language) (建议用时：45分钟　满分：87分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．Four days later，when I was back in Vienna，I called Gunter as promised (promise)． 2．It was at that time that I felt blessed (bless) to have met such a warm-hearted man who has a heart of gold． 3．We are pleased (please) to announce that our school English newspaper is organizing an essay competition on the theme of “Work Together，Save Food”． 4．Moreover，tai chi has been shown to provide numerous health benefits，including better sleep，stress relief，and increased (increase) energy levels． 5．Then，divided (divide) into groups，we tried to identify different plants on campus，appreciating their breathtaking beauty． 6．In addition，take an active part in the voluntary activities launched (launch) by the ocean organizations． 7．Written (write) in simple but authentic English，the articles introduce me to Western society and culture． 8．As a faithful reader，whenever I read it，I feel greatly inspired (inspire)． Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．不用说，这是充满创造力和平静感的一天。(fill) Needless to say，it was a day filled with creativity and a sense of peace． 2．被这些绘画所描绘的壮丽景色和鲜活的市民生活所打动，我真的很欣赏那些有天赋的学生画家们的精彩作品。(impress) Impressed by the splendid scenery and the vivid civil life the paintings portrayed，I really appreciate the wonderful works by those gifted student painters． 3．我们学校有两个操场和一个华丽的体育场，为我们提供做各种运动的机会。(equip) Equipped with two playgrounds as well as a splendid stadium，our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports． 4．演讲后是一小时的中国民间音乐讲座，之后是才华横溢的学生们的各种精彩表演。(play) Following the speech is a one-hour lecture on Chinese folk music，after which there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students． 5．坐落在山顶的古老城堡吸引了许多游客。 The ancient castle located on the hilltop appeals to many tourists． Ⅲ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) I would like to live in a well-designed house 1．surrounded (surround) by walnut trees and which has a garden 2．filled(fill) with flowers．3．Painted(paint) yellow and green，the walls of these 4．decorated (decorate) rooms would seem larger than they really are．In each room，there would be a specially 5．made(make) armchair for me to sit in，6．placed (place) in the most 7．comfortable(comfort) position．In this seat I would have music 8．piped(pipe) in from elsewhere in the house．I would be able to experiment 9．with music 10．created(create) by myself in a special room．This would be the well-planned house I would like to live in． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共3小题；每小题2.5分，满分7.5分) Eiffel Tower Tour by the Lift Standing tall at 1，063 feet，the Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark in Paris．As a popular tourist destination，the Eiffel Tower attracts thousands of people to explore its beauty every day． The day of your visit Each e-ticket bears the name of its owner．Remember to bring ID for all of your group，including children．We may ask to see your ID，as well as any supporting documents for reduced rates (disability registration)． Make sure you check the time on your e-ticket．This is the time when you need to be on the esplanade，in a queue for “visitors with tickets”．We recommend arriving 15 minutes in advance so that you have time to make it through the security checks at the entrance． Eiffel Tower ticket prices Ticket with lift —The second floor Adults Youths (aged 12 －24) Children (aged 4 －11) Children (under 4) 18.80 9.40 4.70 0.00 Ticket with lift —The top floor Adults Youths (aged 12 －24) Children (aged 4 －11) Children (under 4) 29.40 14.70 7.40 0.00 All the prices can be found on the e-tickets． Carry minimal belongings The Eiffel Tower does not have a locker，so you will have to carry your belongings with you during the entirety of your visit．When you are in awe，it's easy for eagle-eyed opportunists to do their tricks．Be mindful and carry minimal belongings such as your wallet，tickets，ID proof，and a water bottle．There is no left-luggage facility for non-permitted items，like wheeled suitcases，large luggage，non-folding buggies (童车) at the Eiffel Tower． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的参观信息，包括电子票的使用、票价、参观的注意事项等。 1．Which of the following may not be shown on the e-ticket? A．The visitor's name．　 B．The visiting time． C．The reduced rate． D．The ticket price． C　[细节理解题。根据“The day of your visit”部分的“Each e-ticket bears the name of its owner．”和“Make sure you check the time on your e-ticket．”以及“Eiffel Tower ticket prices”部分的“All the prices can be found on the e-tickets．”可知，电子票上会显示游客的名字、参观时间和票价。而关于“reduced rate(折扣率)”的信息并未提及是否会在电子票上显示。故选C。] 2．What's the charge for a couple with twins aged 8 who take the lift to the top? A．42.30． B．47.00． C．66.20． D．73.60． D　[细节理解题。根据“Eiffel Tower ticket prices”部分的“Ticket with lift—The top floor，Adults，29.40”，“Ticket with lift—The top floor，Children (aged 4－11)，7.40”可知，一对夫妇带着两个8岁的孩子需要计算2个成人的票价加上2个儿童的票价。计算如下：29.40*2＋7.40*2＝58.80＋14.80＝73.60。故选D。] 3．What should you know when visiting the Eiffel Tower? A．Caution can help avoid theft． B．Drinks can't be taken in the lift． C．Your bag can be kept in a locker． D．Folding buggies are not allowed． A　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，因为埃菲尔铁塔没有存放非允许物品的行李寄存设施，所以游客应该注意安全，避免被盗。其他选项“饮料不能带进电梯”、“你的包可以放在储物柜里”和“不允许使用可折叠的童车”均与文章内容不符。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Standing on a hill at Cliveden Garden on a sunny winter day，I was stunned by its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees． 1 It's just a local park near London that I'd never heard of during my eight years living in the UK．As I admired the peaceful garden，it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement (低调)． “The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated，” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain．He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside．“This is the landscape I grew up with，”he said．“Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests，this scenery doesn't shout about its beauty． 2 ” I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London． 3 Indeed，Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain．But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape． 4 I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”．This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture．I remember my parents telling me to work hard but not to exaggerate my achievements．Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”，to encourage long-term devotion to one's chosen area of expertise． Experiencing both cultures，I've realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement． 5 It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions．And it's an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration． A．I've been impressed by British humor all the time． B．They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation． C．But the more I looked，the more I saw its quiet elegance． D．Cliveden isn't a famous holiday place where visitors flock． E．Rather，its beauty is reserved for the local community only． F．This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden． G．Over the years，I've been familiarizing myself with British modesty． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了Cliveden花园的美丽以及花园带给作者的感悟。 1．D　[根据上文内容和下文“It's just a local park near London that I'd never heard of during my eight years living in the UK．”可知，本句主要说明了上文提到的Cliveden花园的情况，结合后文提到的这只是一个当地的公园，并不知名，故D选项符合语境。故选D。] 2．C　[根据上文“He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside．‘This is the landscape I grew up with，’ he said．‘Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests，this scenery doesn't shout about its beauty...’”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明朋友对英国风景的看法，故C选项符合语境。故选C。] 3．B　[根据上文“I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London．”以及本段下文可知，上文提到了中国游客是否会去伦敦以外的地方旅游的疑问，后文则提到了一些著名景点。本句是在说明中国游客的旅游特点，故B选项符合语境。故选B。] 4．G　[根据下文提到了英国朋友的谦逊可知，本段是在说明英国人的谦逊。故G选项符合语境。故选G。] 5．F　[根据上文“Experiencing both cultures...achievements with understatement．”以及下文“It reflects the unspoken charm ...attraction well worth exploration．”可知，作者经历了两种文化，且都强调了低调。本句承接上文说明文化对作者的影响，后文It指代Cliveden。故F选项符合语境。故选F。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Travellers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour．The thinking is that they can then return to the places that 1 them．It's not true! What you see from the 2 of a moving bus is unreal．It's different from the real sights，sounds，and 3 outside． Be adventurous(冒险的)! The best 4 to experience any place is on foot and with completely no travel plan． 5 go wherever your feet and your interest lead you．You finally will get to the 6 places that are on the bus tour，but you will have seen much more． “But what if I get lost？” people might ask．No one ever gets 7 lost in a big city．At last，you can find your way back to a well-known place．If it makes you afraid of being “ 8 ”，just find a taxi and go back to where you started．However，the 9 things can happen if you are lost．You can 10 at a cafe to sit and relax．You can ask the local people at the next table for directions．And even if they don't speak your language，your trip becomes more 11 because of the experience． Here are two more ways to help you． 12 a few hours before your trip learning about the history and culture of your destination(目的地)．Move around like a 13 ．Use the subway and buses of the city that you're 14 ．You'll not only 15 money，but you'll also learn how people really live． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。你会冒险地步行去新的城市旅行吗？采纳本文的建议，相信你一定会有许多意想不到的收获。 1．A．helped　　　　　　　 B．concerned C．interested D．satisfied C　[此想法是，这样他们就能够返回到他们感兴趣的地方了。此处意为“使感兴趣”。故选C。] 2．A．inside B．front C．back D．center A　[此空与后文的outside相呼应。你从行驶的公共汽车里所看到的情景是不真实的。它不同于外面真实的风景、声音和气味。表示“里面，内部”，故选A。] 3．A．views B．cities C．towns D．smells D　[能与sights，sounds相并列的只有smells。故选D。] 4．A．use B．way C．group D．voyage B　[体验任何地方最好的方式(way)是步行。故选B。] 5．A．Just B．Never C．Hardly D．Especially A　[就(just)去你的脚步和兴趣指引你去的地方吧。故选A。] 6．A．different B．wrong C．right D．same D　[你最终会到达与乘公共汽车旅行相同(same)的地点。故选D。] 7．A．terribly B．possibly C．hopelessly D．finally C　[没有人会在大城市里绝望地迷路。根据下文可知，你可以找到方法回到原来出发的地方。hopelessly绝望地，无可救药地。故选C。] 8．A．lost B．decided C．left D．went A　[如果你害怕走丢(lost)就找一辆出租车，让它带你回到出发的地方。故选A。] 9．A．worst B．hardest C．nicest D．happiest C　[由下文可知，迷路后你可以到路边的咖啡馆放松休息，询问邻桌的当地人正确的路线。故此处指如果迷了路也会有美好的事情发生。故选C。] 10．A．reach B．get C．rise D．stop D　[迷路后你可以在一家咖啡馆停下来(stop)并坐下休息。故选D。] 11．A．risky B．boring C．time-consuming D．interesting D　[即使他们不会说你的语言，你的旅行也会因为这次经历而变得更加有趣。故选D。] 12．A．Take B．Spend C．Pay D．Use B　[旅行之前花费几个小时了解你的目的地的历史和文化，spend time (in) doing sth．意为“花费时间做某事”；take指花费时间时，常用句型“It takes sb．some time to do sth．”；pay只能指花费金钱，不指花费时间。故选B。] 13．A．graduate B．tourist C．native D．foreigner C　[像当地人一样四处闲逛。native当地人。故选C。] 14．A．seeing B．visiting C．going D．walking B　[使用你正在游览的那个城市的地铁和公共汽车不仅省钱，而且还可以了解当地人的真实生活。故选B。] 15．A．organize B．bend C．save D．flow C　[乘坐地铁和公共汽车是节省开销的。故选C。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) There are four major cooking styles in China: Sichuan，Cantonese，Shandong and Huaiyang，with each having dozens of branches．All styles are represented in Beijing with thousands of restaurants．In addition，recent years have seen the appearance of restaurants，1． (offer) French，Russian and Italian foods as well as American fast food． Beijing Duck 2． (have) the fame of being the most delicious food in the world．The Chinese have 3． saying: Visitors to Beijing must do two things—climb the Great Wall and eat Beijing Duck．Over 800 years when Beijing served 4． the nation's capital，a cooking style catering to the royal court developed into a major school on a par with other national cuisines．Today，ordinary people can taste food of this cooking style，which was 5． (previous) reserved for the royal court only．6． (restaurant) specializing in royal court food are not only careful about the quality of raw food selected，but lay great emphasis on the atmosphere and 7． (decorate) of the dining rooms． One evening in early 1993，35 Chinese and foreign tourists 8． (dress) in clothes that made them the look-alikes of a Qing emperor，his queen，his concubines and court officials filed into the Fang Shan Restaurant．They were the fifth group 9． (experience) Man Han Quan Xi，or Feast of Complete Manchu-Han Courses，in the 70-year history of the restaurant．A Beijinger 10． has long resided abroad says: What I miss most is the numerous snacks back home． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的主要菜系、北京烤鸭的声誉与特色，以及宫廷菜肴在现代餐馆中的呈现，同时提到了餐馆氛围和装饰的重要性。 1．offering　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词have seen，“restaurants”和动词“offer”之间为主动关系，此处用动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰restaurants。故填offering。] 2．has　[考查谓语动词。根据句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Beijing Duck”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。] 3．a　[考查冠词。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，且saying的发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。] 4．as　[考查介词。serve as为固定短语，意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。] 5．previously　[考查副词。修饰谓语动词was reserved用副词形式。故填previously。] 6．Restaurants　[考查名词复数。这里为名词形式作主语；根据谓语动词“are”可知，空处为名词的复数形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Restaurants。] 7．decoration　[考查名词。根据名词the atmosphere 和连词and可知，and后也应该用名词，decorate的名词为decoration，意思为 “装饰；装潢”，是不可数名词。故填decoration。] 8．dressed　[考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语；被修饰词“35 Chinese and foreign tourists”和动词“dress”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填dressed。] 9．to experience　[考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作后置定语；修饰“the fifth group”。故填to experience。] 10．who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为says，has long resided abroad为定语从句，这里需要填定语从句的关系词。先行词为“A Beijinger”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。] 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $