Unit 3 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义为高中英语Reading and Thinking语言知识讲练资料，聚焦重点动词（starve, sustain, restrict, seize等）及派生词、固定句型（There is little doubt that..., without虚拟条件句等）核心知识点。从教材原句提取语言点，结合词性转换、短语搭配，延伸至单句写作、应用文及读后续写等场景应用，构建“词汇-句型-语用”递进式学习支架。 该资料突出语言能力培养，如词汇讲练融入申请信写作（starve for机会）、读后续写心理描写（Courage seized her）；通过语法填空、补全短文等题型提升思维品质，强化知识分析与应用。课时作业覆盖品句填词、阅读理解等模块，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生回顾强化，有效弥补知识盲点。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking) 1．(教材原句) An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body， the bear appeared to have starved and died． *starve vi．& vt．(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饿死；挨饿) (1) starve for　　　　　　　　 渴望；极需要…… (2)die of/from starvation 饿死；死于饥饿 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Millions of people in that area will face starvation (starve) next year as a result of the drought． ②令我们震惊的是，在一些工业欠发达地区每年都有许多孩子饿死。 To our shock，there are many children in some underdeveloped regions starving to death/dying of starvation every year． ③(应用文写作之申请信)掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新的窗户看世界。我一直渴望这样一个宝贵的机会来练习英语口语，所以请接受我的请求。 Mastering English means we can see the world through a new window．I have been starving for such a precious opportunity to practise spoken English，so please accept my application． 2．(教材原句) Without this process， Earth could not sustain life． *sustain vt．维持；遭受；承受住(sustainable adj．可持续的；合理利用的) sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 　　　　　　　　 遭受损失/伤害/遭到失败 sustain one's interest 保持某人的兴趣 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Sustainable (sustain) development is a brand new idea of society development． ②They found it difficult to sustain (sustain) an interest in their talk． ③集体锻炼是提高身体素质和保持健康生活方式的最有效方法之一。 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle． 3．(教材原句) We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce． *restrict vt．限制；限定；束缚(restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束restricted adj．有限的；受限制的restrictive adj．限制性的) (1)restrict...to...　　 　 把……限制在…… (2)be restricted to... 被限制(在某范围) (3)impose/place a restriction on sth． 对某事实行限制 without restriction 毫无限制 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without restriction (restrict)． ②The government placed restrictions on the number of foreign cars that could be imported． ③(应用文写作之短文投稿)要成为聪明的在线学习者，我们应该把玩电脑游戏和看短视频的时间限制在每天30分钟以内。只有通过严格的限制和纪律，我们才能更有效地在网上学习。 To be smart online learners，we should restrict ourselves to/ be restricted to playing computer games and watching short videos for less than 30 minutes every day．Only with strict restriction and discipline can we learn more efficiently online． 4．(教材原句) It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming... *seize vt．抓住；夺取；控制 seize sth．from...　 从……抓取/夺取某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇 seize sb．by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的…… 表情感的名词＋seize sb．＝sb．be seized with/by＋表情感的名词，表示“某人感到……” 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①He seized the package from my hand． ②(读后续写之心理描写)当她站在舞台上时，勇气笼罩了她，让她的演讲充满自信的光芒。 Courage seized her/She was seized with/by courage when she stood on the stage， making her speech shine with confidence． ③(读后续写之动作描写) 我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊，深深地凝视着她的眼睛，试着给她勇气。 I seized her by the arm tightly and gazed deep into her eyes， trying to give her courage． 词汇 1．release vt．& n．排放；释放；发布 2．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 3．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 4．frequently adv．频繁地；经常 5．broadcast vt．& vi．播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 微练 1．(应用文写作之邀请信)Learning that a new movie is to be released at 9 am this Saturday，I am desperate to enjoy it together with you and please don't decline my sincere invitation． 得知本周六上午9点将有一部新电影上映，我很想和你一起欣赏，请不要拒绝我诚挚的邀请。 2．All the scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in Earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels． 所有科学家都赞同这样一种观点，即地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。 3．(应用文写作之短文投稿)Usually students lack self-discipline．So in my opinion，choosing to learn English beyond the classroom is a disturbing trend． 通常情况下，学生缺乏自律，所以在我看来，选择在课堂之外学习英语是一种令人不安的趋势。 4．(读后续写之动作描写) I changed from one foot to the other and sighed frequently． 我从一只脚换到另一只脚，频频叹气。 5．I don't like to broadcast the fact that my father owns the company． 我不想宣扬我父亲拥有这家公司的事实。 1．(教材原句) There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)． *There is little/no doubt that...“毫无疑问……” doubt的常见句型： There is some doubt whether... 　　　　　 　　 ……有些疑问。 There is no doubt that... ……是毫无疑问的。 I doubt whether/if...＝I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑…… I don't doubt that...＝I have no doubt that... 我毫不怀疑…… 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner． ②There is some doubt whether I can stimulate him to be absorbed in achieving his goal． ＝I doubt whether/if I can stimulate him to be absorbed in achieving his goal． ③我毫不怀疑，电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 a．I don't doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our daily life．(doubt v．) b．I have no doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our daily life．(doubt n．) 2．(教材原句)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives． *动词-ing形式短语作结果状语 (1)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面的句子。 (2)不定式(短语)也可作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果，其前通常加only。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①They reached the company out of breath， only to be told (tell) they were late． ②The heavy rain lasted for a week，causing(cause) serious floods in the area． ③As you know，Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world， and this makes it one of the most popular festivals． →As you know，Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world，which makes it one of the most popular festivals．(定语从句) →As you know，Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world，making it one of the most popular festivals．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 3．(教材原句) Without this process，Earth could not sustain life． *without引导的虚拟条件句 (1)在这种虚拟结构中，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，则主句谓语用would/should/ could/might＋do；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋have done。 (2)虚拟条件还可以用but for，otherwise，or，but等词来引导。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①There is no denying that we couldn't lead a comfortable life without electricity． ②(应用文写作之短文投稿)没有海洋，包括人类在内，任何生物都无法生存。 Without the oceans， no living things would survive， humans included． ③假若没有你的劝告，我想必已经失败了。 Without your advice，I would have failed． 课时提升作业(七)　(UNIT 3　Reading and Thinking) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：90分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．Release (释放) the dog．It has been chained up for hours． 2．Climate change could have an impact on animal evolution and ecology (生态)． 3．The first broadcast (广播) of VOA Special English was on October 19th，1959． 4．The living conditions there severely restricted (限制) the children's freedom to play． 5．They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security policy (政策)． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．With Yuan Longping's research，millions of people are not facing starvation (starve) now． 2．China will remain a large and sustainable (sustain) consumer of raw materials． 3．An ecologist (ecology) once asked a boy what he thought it meant to protect the environment． 4．Those findings suggest that caloric restriction (restrict) could delay ageing and increase longevity in humans，too． 5．The host and guests frequently (frequent) raised their glasses during the feast． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) lead to，refer to，take responsibility for，according to，take action 1．The animals I referred to just now are polar bears，which are faced with survival crises． 2．According to his symptoms，the doctor could say for sure that he was suffering from a bad cold． 3．All the specialists suggest taking action right away to approach the urgent matter． 4．Their quarrel led to extreme chaos on the street． 5．Taking responsibility for building a harmonious society is what we should do． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，否则，我们就找不到它了。 Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn't have found it otherwise． 2．毫无疑问，压力会导致生理疾病。 There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness． 3．我想买那种可以到处旅游，不受限制的票。 I want to buy such kinds of tickets which don't restrict me to travelling． 4．该地区一直缺乏水资源，这个电视节目使得该问题受到了人们的关注。 The area has been starved for water，and the TV program has brought the problem to public attention． 5．抓住这次机会来提高你的英语水平是有必要的。 It is necessary to seize the opportunity to improve your English． Ⅴ．补全短文(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．There is no doubt that (毫无疑问) people's cutting down trees and digging up grass have caused much land to become deserts．Thus，it is high time that 2．we restricted/should restrict our improper behaviour (约束我们的不当行为)．We also should start from small things and 3．seize every opportunity to restore the forests and the grass (抓住一切机会恢复森林和草地)．Without a good environment，human beings 4．couldn't/ wouldn't live a happy and harmonious life (无法过上幸福和谐的生活)．We 5．are starving to improve the situation (渴望改善这种状况) with joint efforts． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A By the time you finish reading this，a species on Earth might disappear forever．Humans need a variety of animals，plants，and microorganisms for healthy living．Studies show that the decline in biodiversity (生物多样性)，or the variety of life on Earth，causes a serious threat to our existence．My colleagues and I found that biodiversity is also important for mental health． Contact with nature benefits mental health，particularly for city residents．People living near green spaces have a 71% lower risk of developing depression and anxiety．However，most studies have not looked at how natural diversity influences these benefits．To explore this，we studied whether environments with many natural features，like trees，plants，and wildlife，improve mental health more than those with fewer features．From April 2018 to September 2023，1，998 people used the Urban Mind app to report their environment and mental health over 41，000 times． We discovered that green spaces with high natural diversity offer more mental health benefits than those with low diversity．Participants reported that nearly a quarter of this positive impact was due to natural diversity，and these benefits could last up to eight hours．Our study suggests that to promote mental health，we should protect biodiversity．This means moving away from decorative gardens and parks with trimmed grass，which have low biodiversity，toward natural fields and streams that support a variety of plants and animals． Other studies support our findings．A survey of 15，000 families revealed that those living near areas rich in plants and birds had lower rates of mental health issues，even after accounting for social and economic differences．Our study adds that even brief，daily meets with biodiverse nature can improve mental health．Biodiverse nature wakens the senses，improves focus，and reduces mental tiredness．It also encourages outdoor exercise and social interaction，which improve mood．Additionally，diverse environments reduce pollutants and moderate temperatures，protecting against chronic (慢性的) conditions and stress． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物多样性对人类心理健康的重要性。研究发现，生活在自然多样性的环境中能显著降低抑郁和焦虑风险，且日常与多样化自然环境的短暂接触也能带来持久的益处。 1．What does the passage say about the decline in biodiversity? A．It mostly harms animals． B．It is not important to humans． C．It is a serious danger to humans． D．It only happens in the countryside． C　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“Studies show that the decline in biodiversity ，or the variety of life on Earth，causes a serious threat to our existence．”可知，生物多样性的减少对人类的生存构成严重威胁。故选C。] 2．What conclusion does the study draw about green spaces? A．We should plant more trees in urban parks． B．We should reduce the focus on decorative gardens． C．We should limit public access to protect green spaces． D．We should shift from low biodiversity to natural diversity． D　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，研究建议，为了促进心理健康，应保护生物多样性，这意味着要从低生物多样性(如装饰性花园和修剪过的草坪)转向维持多种植物和动物的自然环境。故选D。] 3．What does the underlined word “moderate” most likely mean in paragraph 4? A．Increase．　　 B．Balance． C．Decrease． D．Manage． B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“此外，多样化的环境减少了污染物”和后文“预防慢性疾病和压力。”可知，文中强调多样化的环境对健康有益，暗示温度既不能过高也不能过低，而是需要保持适中。moderate表达的是对温度的正面调节。因此，moderate在这里表示“调节”或“平衡”，使温度维持在合适的范围内。结合这些线索，balance(平衡)最符合文意。故选B。] 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Environmental Impact of Urban Parks B．The Benefits of Physical Activity in Nature C．How Social Interaction Improves Well-being D．How Natural Diversity Influences Mental Health D　[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的“My colleagues and I found that biodiversity is also important for mental health．”及全文内容可知，作者主要研究了自然环境中生物多样性(natural diversity)如何影响心理健康，强调了生物多样性对人类心理健康的积极作用，其他选项虽然都涉及文章中的某些细节，但都没有准确反映文章的核心内容。故选D。] B Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday．Conservationists (自然环境保护者) said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades，warning that they were now sliding towards extinction． The koala，a globally recognized symbol of Australia's unique wildlife，had been listed as “vulnerable (易危)”on the eastern coast just a decade earlier．“We are taking unprecedented (史无前例的) action to protect the koala，” Minister of Environment，Sussan Ley said，highlighting a recent government promise of AU$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats． Environmentalists welcomed the koalas' new status (地位) but blamed Australia's failure to protect the species so far．“Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade．That is a shockingly fast decline，” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch．“Today's decision is welcome，but it won't stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it's accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes．” Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken．“We can't afford any more clearing，” she said．“The extinction of koalas does not have to happen，” she added，“we must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines，new houses，agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木)．” Australia's koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019－2020 because of land-clearing，drought，disease，car strikes and dog attacks，said Josey Sharrad，wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare．“We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national icon (象征)，” Sharrad said，“The bushfires were the final straw．This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing，and seriously deal with the influences of climate change．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。 5．What is the problem mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Koala populations have increased quickly． B．Koalas enjoy too much popularity in Australia． C．Koalas get crushed by other animals． D．Koalas are at risk of extinction． D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Conservationists said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades，warning that they were now sliding towards extinction．”可知，考拉正面临灭绝的风险。故选D。] 6．Why did environmentalists welcome the koala's new status? A．This would stop koalas from extinction． B．They could blame the government's failure． C．This could lead to stronger action to protect koalas． D．They may have time to recover koala habitats． C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Environmentalists welcomed the koalas' new status but blamed Australia's failure to protect the species so far...“Today's decision is welcome，but it won't stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it's accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes．”可知，环境保护主义者乐意接纳考拉的新地位是因为这可能会产生更强有力的行动来保护考拉。故选C。] 7．How does the author prove his idea? A．By making a comparison． B．By analyzing figures． C．By doing a survey． D．By quoting environmentalists' words． D　[推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，作者通过引用环境保护主义者的话来证明他的观点。故选D。] 8．What's the purpose of this text? A．To call on people to protect koalas． B．To show the causes of koalas' disappearance． C．To show koalas' important statue． D．To present environmentalists' words． A　[写作意图题。文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。所以本文的目的是呼吁人们保护考拉。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities． 1 There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call home． Use reusable bags．Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment． 2 Also，it takes decades for the bags to decompose (分解)．Therefore，whether you are shopping for food，clothes or books，use a reusable bag．This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them． Use reusable drink containers．Instead of buying individually packaged drinks，consider buying a reusable water bottle． 3 A lot of coffee shops，Starbucks，for example，even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks． Save electricity．Use energy-efficient light bulbs (灯泡) instead of regular bulbs．They last longer，which will save you a bit of money．What's more，make sure you turn off lights，the TV，and other devices when you are not using them．Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it's not necessary． 4 Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter． Save water．More water is wasted than we realize．Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth．Don't turn your shower on until you're ready to get in and wash your hair．Limit your water usage as you wash dishes． 5 A．This is especially true as the seasons change． B．And students without doubt can make a difference． C．They last longer，which will save you a bit of money． D．Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution． E．These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food． F．Not only will this help protect the environment，but help you save money． G．Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet． [答案]　1－5　BEFAG Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) In recent years，the concept of “rewilding” 1．has gained (gain) attention in ecological discussions．Rewilding refers to restoring ecosystems to their natural state by reintroducing species and reducing human impact．When 2．practiced(practice) effectively，rewilding can help balance ecosystems，combat climate change，and protect biodiversity．For example，the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park 3．has transformed (transform) the park's environment in surprising ways． This practice，however，is not without challenges．Critics argue that it requires 4．careful (care) planning and often faces resistance from local communities．Some fear that rewilding 5．will disrupt (disrupt) traditional ways of life or lead to unexpected consequences．Despite these concerns，many scientists believe that rewilding offers a chance to rethink how humans coexist with nature．Instead of 6．viewing (view) ourselves as separates from ecosystems，rewilding encourages a perspective of unity． Keeping that 7．in mind，the success of rewilding often depends on public awareness and support．Involving local populations in decision-making ensures 8．responsibility (responsible) and mutual benefit．As society faces increasing environmental crises，rewilding is seen by some as a hopeful strategy to repair the 9．damage (damage) caused by decades of overexploitation．It's clear that rewilding is not just about returning nature to its past but also about redefining our future relationship with it．With 10．growing(grow) awareness of environmental issues，the idea of rewilding continues to gain momentum globally． 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $