Unit 2 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式作主语这一核心语法点，通过“直接作主语—it作形式主语（含It is+adj./n.+to do sth.等句型）—疑问词+不定式作主语”的层级梳理，结合与动名词作主语的对比（抽象vs具体动作），构建从基础理解到综合运用的学习支架。 资料以“美文诵读+语法体悟”引导语言输入与规律观察，提升语言能力；通过结构化分类讲解与对比分析，培养逻辑梳理的思维品质；配套单句填空、语篇应用等梯度练习，助力学习能力提升。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可借练习巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 动词不定式作主语 美文诵读 语法体悟 ①To change bad habits is never easy． To get healthy and get rid of bad habits，sometimes ②to get professional help is also a good idea．③It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you．④It is also useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice．You can also help yourself with some common sense．For example，⑤it is harmful to skip breakfast too often．⑥It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking．And，of course，⑦it is dangerous to take illegal drugs too． 1．句①②中黑体部分为动词不定式直接作主语。 2．句③④⑤⑥⑦中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 动词不定式作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作。单个动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词用复数形式。常见的动词不定式作主语的情况主要有三种： 一、动词不定式直接作主语 动词不定式具有名词的特征，可在句中充当主语。 To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another． 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。 To get enough protein each day is beneficial to our health． 每天摄取足够的蛋白质对我们的健康有益。 单句语法填空 ①To look (look) after the safety of the community is his responsibility． ②To improve (improve) people's lives and to speed (speed) up socialist construction are two important tasks today． ③To finish (finish) reading the book will take you two hours． 二、it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的常用句型 1．It is＋adj．(＋for/of sb．)＋to do sth． It is very easy for him to work out this math problem． 对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。 It is very kind of you to help us． 你帮助我们真是太善良了。 [名师点津]　上述句型中使用介词for或of的区别 (1)“for sb．”的句型常用来表示事物的特征，用于表示动作特征或客观情况的形容词，如 easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。 It's difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour． 在十五分钟内写完这个作文对我们来说是困难的。 (2)“of sb．”的句型一般用来表示人物的性格、品质，用于表示人物品质或性格特征的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right，considerate，stupid等，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb．＋be＋adj．＋动词不定式”。 It was careless of him to make such a mistake． ＝He was careless to make such a mistake． 他太粗心了，犯了这样的一个错误。 2．It is＋a/an/one's＋n．(pity/shame/pleasure/duty/honour/task/...)＋to do sth． It's a hard task to change bad habits in a short time． 在短时间内改掉坏习惯是一项艰巨的工作。 3．It takes/costs/requires/makes/...sb．/sth．to do sth． It took me two hours to finish the work． 我花了两个小时完成那项工作。 单句语法填空 ①It is possible to walk (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers． ②It was a rewarding experience for us to realize (realize) how closely plants and humans are related． ③It is clever of him not to tell anybody about it． ④Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable． 三、“疑问词＋不定式”作主语 动词不定式也可与疑问词what，who，which，when，where，why，how或者连词whether等连用作主语，此时，句子的谓语同样采用单数形式。 Where to put the box seems hard to decide． 很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。 Whether to do it hasn't been decided． 是否做这件事还没定下来。 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①Where and when to cast (cast) a net is more important than how to cast a net． ②Whether to compete in the relay race is (be) a decision that has to be made by our teacher． ③How the work should be finished is still a question． →How to finish the work is still a question．(“疑问词＋不定式”) 四、 动词不定式与动词-ing形式作主语的区别 1．动词-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作；而动词不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Miss Johnson thinks being with children is the best part of her job．(抽象) 约翰逊小姐认为和孩子在一起是她工作中最棒的部分。 In his opinion，to be with children is the best part of this activity．(具体) 在他看来，和孩子们在一起是这项活动中最棒的部分。 2．动词-ing形式作主语时，通常用来表示一件已知的事或经验；动词不定式通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 It is widely known that smoking is harmful to health．(经验) 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 To finish the task will take a long time．(目的) 完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 3．常用动词-ing形式作真正的主语，it作形式主语的句型有：It's no good/use/fun...doing...；It's a waste of time doing...等。 It is no use asking for it since you don't take advice． 既然你不听取建议，询问它是没有用的。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①It is no good arguing (argue) with him．He never listens to others． ②It took me only five minutes to finish (finish) the job． ③Climbing (climb) mountains is interesting． ④(应用文写作之告知信)这是一个展示你才华的好机会，而且你还会学到很多东西。 It's a good chance for you to show your talent and you will learn a lot． 课时提升作业(五)　(UNIT 2　Learning About Language) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：89.5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult to solve (solve)． 2．It is important for children to be exposed (expose) to more good books． 3．I was very lucky that it didn't take me long to adjust (adjust) myself to the environment of the new city． 4．It's standard practice for senior 3 students like us to have (have) 5 days off during our National Day holiday． 5．Tom thought it was an honour to be invited (invite) to speak in the ceremony． 6．To work hard outside school is (be) necessary and important in learning English． 7．It was so kind of Mary to bring me note when I was absent from class due to illness． 8．To get (get) there by bike will take us one and a half hours． 9．It is no longer too difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American films and television． 10．Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier to make (make) eco-friendly lifestyle choices． Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．被班主任误解使我不知道如何为自己辩解。 To be misunderstood by my head teacher made me unaware of how to defend myself． 2．哭是没有用的，只有努力工作才能改变你现在糟糕的处境。 It is no use crying，and it is hard work that can change your present terrible situation． 3．我很荣幸与你分享关于如何与你父母和睦相处的观点。 It is a great honour for me to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with your parents． 4．和我的队友一起去中国旅游是我的下一个目标。 To visit China with my teammates is my next goal． 5．尽力解决这些问题是我们的责任。 It is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems． Ⅲ．语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) Dear Tom， It's so nice 1．to hear (hear) that you want to come to Beijing 2．to study (study)．It's necessary 3．to remind (remind) you of a few things．The streets of Beijing are very crowded，so it is best for you 4．to take (take) a bus or subway．It is very convenient．You can also ride a bike，but when you do not use it，it's necessary 5．to lock (lock) it．Also，don't easily trust people who you don't know，in case you are cheated．Of course，you should believe that there are many kind people in the world．When you visit a friend's home，remember 6．to bring (bring) something your host likes．It seems selfish of a man not 7．to give (give) back anything．If you are in trouble，remember to call me in time，I will help you，because it is easy for me 8．to do (do) it． Yours， Li Hua Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) It's a balmy summer day at the beach—you're lying in the sun，enjoying the water and hanging out with friends．But suddenly，you start to feel a familiar pain behind your temples (太阳穴)，and you wonder：why do you always get headaches when it's hot out? Some research does suggest that people's rates of headaches rise when temperatures go up．However，experts like Dr．Nolan Pearson，a neurology fellow who specializes in headache at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles，said it's important to look beyond heat to find the reason for summertime headaches．“Weather is very common in the top five triggers (诱因) that people do report．But，I would speculate that it might be actually due to things that go along with hot weather rather than the heat itself．” Most research on heat and headaches only shows a connection between the two．For example，a study might look at hospital admission rates for headaches during different months of the year and find headaches are more common in summer．But that doesn't prove that heat directly caused those headaches．There could be other environmental and lifestyle changes that happen during the summer—like air quality，light exposure or activity levels．Therefore，Pearson recommends that each person with headaches home in on these possible triggers，since these have more research behind them and may be easier to handle than the heat itself． Poor air quality is a well-known headache trigger，and one common effect of heat waves is that they tend to make air quality worse．Heat can cause some chemical elements in the air to transform into ozone (臭氧) and other harmful substances．In addition，wind and air pressure systems driven by hot weather can make pollutants linger over cities，rather than float away． Warmer months also come along with longer days and greater UV (紫外线) exposure．Light exposure and headaches have a complicated relationship，though．While some research suggests that bright light isn't a headache trigger，people with migraines (偏头痛) are often sensitive to bright lights during an attack．So it might be that a blazing summer sun can make existing headaches worse． On top of all of that，heat can destroy a person's sleep schedule．“Good，restful sleep happens most effectively in a colder environment，” Pearson said．When a night of sleep is disturbed—by being overheated，for instance—people are significantly more likely to experience migraines and other headaches． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了夏季头痛的原因，指出高温并非唯一诱因，还涉及空气质量、紫外线暴露和睡眠干扰等因素。 1．What may be the cause of summertime headaches? A．The direct effect of heat． B．Changes of living habits． C．Restful sleep in cool days． D．Chemical elements in the air． B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“But that doesn't prove that heat directly caused those headaches．There could be other environmental and lifestyle changes that happen during the summer—like air quality，light exposure or activity levels．”可知，夏季头痛的原因可能是其他环境因素和生活习惯的改变导致的，而不是直接由热引起的。故选B。] 2．What does the phrase “home in on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Take advantage of． B．Put up with． C．Head towards． D．Concentrate on． D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中“There could be other environmental and lifestyle changes that happen during the summer—like air quality，light exposure or activity levels．”和“since these have more research behind them and may be easier to handle than the heat itself”可知，皮尔逊建议每个头痛的人都要集中精力在这些可能的诱因上，由此可推测“home in on”意为“集中于”。故选D。] 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．Hospital admission rates for headaches are lower in summer than in winter． B．Poor air quality is the leading reason that triggers people's headaches． C．Pollutants in the air can't float away due to the destruction of the wind system． D．Exposure to the sun causes worse condition for people with migraines． D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“So it might be that a blazing summer sun can make existing headaches worse．”可知，阳光照射会使偏头痛患者的情况恶化。故选D。] 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Effective measures in summertime． B．Major limitations in present research． C．Detailed analysis of people's lifestyles． D．Explanations of experimental methods． A　[推理判断题。文章主要讨论了夏季头痛的可能原因，包括高温、空气质量、紫外线暴露等。最后一段指出了良好睡眠的条件。因此，作者接下来可能会讨论如何在夏季采取有效的措施来改善睡眠，从而减轻或避免夏季头痛。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Too much social media can be bad for your health．While social media has some benefits，such as community，education，and connection，it can do more harm than good when used overly． 1 Develop a schedule to cut back on your social media use gradually．For instance，if you plan on taking a social media break between Christmas and New Year's Day，work to reduce your social media use before Christmas． 2 If you use social media for 2 hours daily，cut your social media use back to 1.5 hours 10 days before your break．Then，7 days before the break，cut down to 1 hour daily． 3 The best time to take a break from social media is during family vacations and holidays．This will give you and your family the opportunity to speak together in person rather than through social media exchanges． Let your friends and family know you'll be taking a break． 4 It will also prevent them from worrying once your social media break begins and help to keep you accountable whenever you feel like using it． Remind yourself why you are taking a break．Without a good cause，you'll have a hard time maintaining time away from social media．Perhaps you want more time with your friends and family． 5 Whatever your reason is，clearly express it so that you can answer people who may ask． A．Choose when to take a break． B．Decide how often you take a break． C．Maybe you're tired of using it every day． D．Here's how to take a break from social media． E．That is the reason why people want to play social media． F．This will let people know why you aren't answering their messages． G．The amount by which you cut back depends on how much you use it． [答案]　1－5　DGAFC Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Since my early twenties，I have dreamed of being a psychotherapist．However，the trials of life kept 1 my way．I entered college at 51-year-old and won a partial 2 to a top college．By 55，I graduated with honours and 3 a master's program．Just as I was almost on my way to fulfilling my dream，a throat check-up contributed to a shocking 4 ：a brain tumor (肿瘤)． Doctors told me this tumor，growing rapidly，sat close to the brain stem．“You have 5 one year to live，” they said．Later，I called a famous neurosurgeon and asked if he would look at my MRI．He agreed．I'll never 6 the call I got a few days later．“I can help you．” The recovery from a very 7 six-hour brain surgery was terrifying．I lost the hearing in one ear．I couldn't walk 8 help．I had a(n) 9 buzzing in my head that woke me up many times a night． Tough as it was，I began my master's studies， 10 in bed with a patch over one eye and a laptop on a pillow on my lap．For the next three years I worked 11 ． As my health 12 ，I completed my internships，eventually working full-time to gain the 13 experience for licensing． Now I am a psychotherapist in private practice，focusing on teens and adults．I also worked hard to become certified in Behavior Therapy to help those with self-harm 14 ．It is my belief that no matter what a person has 15 ，no matter how old a person is，they can still become what they might have been．It is never too late． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的梦想是成为一名心理治疗师，后来经检查得知得了脑瘤，但坚持进行治疗并不断努力，最终实现梦想的故事。这证明了只要去做，永远不会太迟。 1．A．cutting across　　　　 B．dropping off C．leading to D．getting in D　[根据后文“Just as I was almost on my way to fulfilling my dream...a brain tumor．”可知，此时作者因得了脑瘤而未实现梦想。get in妨碍。故选D。] 2．A．scholarship B．prize C．fortune D．property A　[根据前文“I entered college at 51-year-old and won a partial”及常识可知，作者进入大学并获得部分奖学金。故选A。] 3．A．noticed B．secured C．sponsored D．sought B　[根据后文“a master's program”及常识可知，作者大学毕业并获得硕士学位。故选B。] 4．A．loss B．prediction C．discovery D．ending C　[根据后文“a brain tumor”可知，通过检查，作者发现得了脑瘤。故选C。] 5．A．hardly B．appropriately C．hopelessly D．approximately D　[结合常识，并根据前文“Doctors told me this tumor，growing rapidly，sat close to the brain stem．”和后文“one year to live”可知，医生说作者只有大约一年的生命。故选D。] 6．A．regret B．assume C．forget D．miss C　[根据作者得脑瘤的境遇和后文“the call I got a few days later．‘I can help you．’”可知，作者永远不会忘记那个通知可以帮助他的电话。故选C。] 7．A．rare B．risky C．abnormal D．crucial B　[根据后文“six-hour brain surgery was terrifying”可知，6小时的脑部手术是有危险的。故选B。] 8．A．through B．against C．under D．without D　[根据前文“I lost the hearing in one ear．I couldn't walk”和后文“help”可知，手术后，没有帮助作者走不了路。故选D。] 9．A．horrible B．mild C．mental D．internal A　[根据前文作者的术后反应和后文“buzzing in my head that woke me up many times a night”可知，术后作者脑子里有一种可怕的嗡嗡声。故选A。] 10．A．seating B．lying C．resting D．struggling B　[根据后文“in bed with a patch over one eye and a laptop on a pillow on my lap”及语境可知，作者躺在床上。故选B。] 11．A．tirelessly B．seriously C．carefully D．restlessly A　[根据后文“As my health ________，I completed my internships，eventually working full-time to gain the experience for licensing．”可知，作者不知疲倦地工作。故选A。] 12．A．changed B．improved C．repaired D．worsened B　[根据后文“I completed my internships，eventually working full-time to gain the ________ experience for licensing”可知，作者的健康状况好转，完成了实习。故选B。] 13．A．diverse B．perfect C．necessary D．extra C　[根据前文“I completed my internships，eventually working full-time to gain the________experience for licensing”可知，作者全职工作，以获得执照所需的经验。故选C。] 14．A．conduct B．awareness C．crime D．consequence A　[根据前文“ I also worked hard to become certified in Behavior Therapy to help those with self-harm________．”可知，作者努力获得了行为治疗的认证，以帮助那些有自残行为的人。故选A。] 15．A．desired B．learned C．experienced D．achieved C　[根据作者的经历和前后文“It is my belief that no matter what a person has________，no matter how old a person is”可知，作者相信无论一个人经历过什么，有多大年纪，他们仍然可以成为他们可能成为的样子。故选C。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Five-day working weeks are commonly accepted and practiced．But trials of a four-day working week in Iceland were considered 1．remarkably (remarkable) successful．They led 2．to many workers moving to shorter hours and workers around the world are following the trend．Why has this practice gained 3．popularity (popular) and is it possible to apply it cross-culturally? The trials，4．which involved more than 2，500 workers，took place several years ago．It 5．was reported (report) that productivity remained the same or improved in the majority of workplaces．Meanwhile，they found their working conditions were 6．less (little) stressful and they were no longer at risk of burnout，and their health and work-life balance also improved． Therefore，the world's largest ever trial of a shorter working week was 7．a complete success，8．showing (show) that the public's service is ripe for being a pioneer of shorter working weeks and lessons can be learned by other governments． A number of other trials 9．are being run (run) across the world now．For instance，Unilever in New Zealand is giving staff a chance to cut their hours by 20% without hurting their pay in a trial．People feel actually more attached to the job 10．when they get rewarded by having more time． 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $