Unit 2 Period 3 课时学案 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语语言知识讲练，围绕教材原句系统梳理dominate、reward等核心词汇，rely on、in response to等关键短语，以及状语从句省略、过去分词作定语等语法点。通过词性转换、搭配用法解析，结合单句语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写及阅读理解等题型，搭建从基础理解到语篇应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于讲练结合且注重语言运用，通过多样化练习提升语言能力，如读后续写中用“reward sb. with sth.”描写情绪，应用文写作中用“in response to”完成介绍信。分层设计（单句到语篇）培养思维品质，课后品句填词、补全短文等练习助力学习能力发展，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、弥补盲点。

Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Reading and Thinking) 1．(教材原句) To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential． *dominate vt．& vi．支配；控制；占有优势 (domination n．控制；支配；统治 dominant adj．首要的；占支配地位的；显著的) 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①It is natural that some companies are fighting for the domination (dominate) of the market． ②It is said that two thirds of the world's population speak dominant (dominate) languages like Chinese and English． ③(应用文写作之图画作文)正如漫画中形象描述的那样，现代生活已经被电脑主宰。 As is graphically depicted in the cartoon，modern life has been dominated by computers． 2．(教材原句) Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue． *in response to回答；答复(response n．反应；响应 respond v．回答；回应；作出反应；响应) (1)make a/no response (to...)　　 (对……)作出/不作回应 (2)respond to 对……作出反应/回应 respond that 回答说…… 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①Scientists all over the world made a response (respond) to these terrible changes in climate． ②(应用文写作之介绍信)我写这封信是为回应你的请求，简要介绍一下京剧。 I'm writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera in response to your request/to respond to your request． ③(读后续写之动作描写)我犹豫地回答说，我对参加写作比赛没有信心。 I hesitantly responded that I had no confidence in taking part in the writing competition． 3．(教材原句) Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine． *reward n．回报；奖励；报酬vt．奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj．值得做的；有益的；报酬高的) (1)as a reward for...　　 作为……的一个报酬/奖赏 in reward for... 为酬谢……；作为对……的奖赏/回报 (2)reward sb．for sth． 因某事奖赏某人 reward sb．with sth． 用某物酬谢某人 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①I hold a firm belief that you will have a rewarding (reward) experience there． ②(读后续写之情绪描写)他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们一大笔钱酬谢我们的帮助。 With grateful tears hanging in his eyes，he insisted on rewarding us with a lot of money for helping him． ③(应用文写作之邀请信)我想邀请你去科学博物馆，作为我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的帮助的报酬。 I would like to invite you to the science museum in reward for/as a reward for your timely and generous help during my stay in Beijing． 4．(教材原句) The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed． *rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 (rely vi．依赖；依靠；信赖 reliable adj．可信赖的；可依靠的) rely on (sb．/sb．'s) doing sth． 　　　　　　　　　 指望(某人)做某事 rely on sb．to do sth． 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on it that... 相信……；指望…… [名师点津]　rely on后跟that从句时，常在从句前加it，有类似用法的动词(短语)还有appreciate，hate，depend on，see to等。 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Most of us now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news． ②Our information comes from a reliable (rely) source． ③我们相信你会很快克服困难、走出困境的。 a．We rely on your/you overcoming the difficulties and getting out of trouble soon．(rely on doing sth．) b．We rely on you to overcome the difficulties and get out of trouble soon．(rely on sb．to do sth．) c．We rely on it that you will overcome the difficulties and get out of trouble soon．(rely on it that...) 5．(教材原句)you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes *decide on/upon决定；选定(decision n．决定) (1)decide to do sth．　　　 决定做某事 (2)arrive at/come to/reach/make a decision 作出决定 单句语法填空/单句写作/一句多译 ①His decision (decide) made it possible for us to finish the work by four o'clock this afternoon． ②(应用文写作之求助信)我正在尝试决定我将在大学学习什么专业，写信是希望你能为我的选择提供指导。 I am trying to decide on what major I will study at university，and writing in the hope that you can guide me in my options． ③我们最终决定召开一次班会来制订活动计划。 a．We finally decided on/upon holding a class meeting to make a plan for the activity．(decide on/upon doing sth．) b．We finally decided to hold a class meeting to make a plan for the activity．(decide to do sth．) c．We finally made a decision to hold a class meeting to make a plan for the activity．(decision) 词汇 1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt．滥用；虐待；辱骂 2．examine vt．(仔细)检查；审查；测验 3．straight away 立即；马上 微练 1．(读后续写之心理描写)She just ignored me．I felt abused． 她只是不理我，我就觉得被虐待了。 2．(读后续写之动作描写)As we left，I noticed Becky examining the coats happily． 当我们离开时，我注意到贝基正在愉快地检查外套。 3．(读后续写之动作描写)They can sit down and get to work straight away． 他们可以坐下来马上进入工作状态。 1．(教材原句) These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults． *状语从句的省略 (1)当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (2)如果从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词时，也可以将it和be动词一起省略。 (3)省略后的从句结构为：连词＋形容词/介词短语/动词-ing形式(短语)/过去分词(短语)/动词不定式。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①When asked (ask) about the secret of his success，he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children． ②If it is necessary，you can skip the contents that don't interest you． →If necessary，you can skip the contents that don't interest you．(状语从句的省略) ③Although I have been declined repeatedly，I still remain true to my original aspiration． →Although declined repeatedly，I still remain true to my original aspiration．(状语从句的省略) ④While she was talking，she finally broke down，sobbing into her palms． →While talking，she finally broke down，sobbing into her palms．(状语从句的省略) 2．(教材原句) There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do．” *过去分词短语作定语 过去分词(短语)作定语 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词或代词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动含义。 (2)单个的过去分词作定语时，多置于所修饰词的前面，left等少数过去分词放后面；而过去分词短语作定语，一般置于所修饰词的后面。 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts． ②(读后续写之情绪描写)带着一脸担忧的表情，我在森林里奔跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。 With a concerned/worried look on my face，I ran in the forest，searching for discouraged David． ③(应用文写作之申请信)我是为数不多的被选中在高中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。 I am one of the few students selected to study abroad at senior high school，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website． 课时提升作业(四)　(UNIT 2　Reading and Thinking) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：90分) Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．It was that image of calm and discipline (自制力) that appealed to voters． 2．She told me that she was often disturbed by some negative (消极的) thoughts． 3．Overusing smartphones may lead to an abuse (滥用) of our time，reducing the hours we spend on meaningful activities． 4．The company dominates (控制) the market for operating system software． 5．Everything will go well，so you needn't be so pessimistic (悲观的) about your future． Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 1．She repeatedly (repeat) urged her son not to tell anyone about it． 2．In response (respond) to the prevention and control requirement，all large gatherings have been cancelled． 3．Applicants are selected for jobs on the results of a competitive examination (examine)． 4．Training should be fun and rewarding (reward) for you and your dog． 5．The teacher limited her composition (compose) to 800 words． Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) get involved in，decide on，respond to，aside from，over and over again 1．The moment the sculptor arrived home，he responded to his wife's letter as quickly as possible． 2．I have decided on how to convey my apology to my parents． 3．He told lies to me over and over again and I was in particular annoyed． 4．The contemporary novelist got involved in the activity held in the museum yesterday． 5．Aside from fine art，I also like playing the piano in my spare time． Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．我想邀请你来参加展览，以报答你及时的帮助，使我按时完成了任务。 I would like to invite you to the exhibition as a/in reward for your timely help that makes me accomplish the task on time． 2．你可以相信她不会迟到的。 You may rely on it that she won't be late． 3．从每个班选出的学生参加了这个比赛。 The students selected from every class took part in the competition． 4．当问孩子们需要什么时，他们回答说他们想要被爱。 When asked what they needed，the kids said they wanted to be loved． 5．如果有必要，我可以解释有关中国画的相关信息，以便我们可以为游客提供最好的服务。 I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary so that we can offer the visitors the best service． Ⅴ．补全短文(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) It's important that we should 1．have a balanced diet (有一个均衡的饮食) because we need adequate nutrition to grow tall and strong．2．If taking exercise regularly (如果经常锻炼)，we can definitely keep fit and release heavy pressure．Even if 3．we are under extreme stress (我们处于极端的压力下)，we should develop a positive attitude to our life and never should 4．we be pessimistic about our life (对我们的生活悲观)．All in all，only by combining proper diet，regular exercise and an optimistic attitude 5．can we be rewarded with a healthy life (我们才能获得健康的生活)． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an intense need to resolve uncertainty according to a study in Psychological Science．The research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt． In a series of experiments， behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity．For one trial， each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment．The twist? Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked．Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified， another half were told only that some were electrified．When left alone in the room， the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and suffered more shocks than the students who knew that would occur． Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other irritants， such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects．　 “The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans， much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter，”says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago．“Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can lead to new scientific advances， for instance—but sometimes such inquiry can backfire．”The insight that unhealthy curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things is a profound one． In a final experiment， participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image．These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor．“Thinking about long-term consequences is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity，” Hsee says．In other words， don't read online comments． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关好奇心的实验研究及如何减少不健康的好奇心带来的负面影响。 1．What can we learn about the experiment by behavioral scientists in paragraph 2? A．The total of the subjects was 27． B．All the pens were not electrified． C．Equally many shocks happened to all the subjects． D．No subjects were exposed to the pens previously． B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked．”可知，在实验中有一半的笔带电，即并非所有的笔都带电。“All the pens were not electrified．”是部分否定，相当于“Not all the pens were electrified．”故选B。] 2．What does the underlined word “irritants” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Stimulants．　　　　　 B．Solutions． C．Criteria． D．Purposes． A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects”并结合第二段介绍的实验内容可知，第二段用电笔测试了参与者的好奇心，接下来的实验使用了像指甲划过黑板的声音和恶心昆虫的照片等令人不悦的东西进行测试。由此可推知，画线词irritants与stimulants(刺激物)意思相近。故选A。] 3．What is the attitude of Christopher Hsee towards curiosity? A．Approving． B．Dismissive． C．Doubtful． D．Objective． D　[观点态度题。根据第四段中“Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can lead to new scientific advances， for instance—but sometimes such inquiry can backfire．”可知，Christopher认为好奇心有利有弊。由此可推知，他的态度是客观的。故选D。] 4．What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A．The cause of unhealthy curiosity． B．The negative impact of unhealthy curiosity． C．The underlying feature of unhealthy curiosity． D．The practical measure to resist unhealthy curiosity． D　[段落大意题。根据第五段可知，本段通过实验结果表明了抵制不健康好奇心的实际措施，即考虑长期后果。故选D。] B Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health．A study found that a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类)，as well as whole grains，fruit and nuts，which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400，000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking：eating veggies，especially cooked ones，in fact，doesn't reduce your risk of heart disease over time． “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease)，” said Qi Feng，an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford，in a statement． While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease，cooked vegetables did not．Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity，educational level，smoking，drinking，fruit intake，red and processed meat consumption，and use of mineral and vitamin supplements． “Instead，our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be influenced by differences in socio-economic situation and lifestyle，” Feng said． Don't start celebrating yet，veggie haters．Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study's conclusion． “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn't associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account，that doesn't mean we should stop eating vegetables，” said Victoria Taylor，a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation，in a statement． “The results are not surprising．Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet，e．g．vegetables，is not likely to result in the desired effect，” Alice Lichtenstein，director and senior scientist at Tufts University's Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory，told CNN in an email． “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients，but rather the whole dietary pattern，” said Lichtenstein． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处，但是一项新的研究发现吃蔬菜不能降低患心脏病的风险。因此科学家对此有不同的看法。 5．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed some young people in the UK for 13 years． B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people． C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies． D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people． C　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不会降低患心脏病的风险，结合第二段，大量的研究并没有发现蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病有保护作用，这颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。] 6．What did Feng imply about vegetables' protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers． B．It still held true despite some different findings． C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle． D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people． D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Instead，our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be influenced by differences in socio-economic situation and lifestyle，’ Feng said．”可知，Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。] 7．Which of the following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase “took exception to”？ A．Think highly of． B．Voice objections to． C．Display ignorance of． D．Take notice of． B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Don't start celebrating yet，veggie haters．”和倒数第三段可知，专家对这项研究提出了异议，所以took exception to的意思是“提出反对意见”，和B选项Voice objections to同义。故选B。] 8．Lichtenstein believes that the study ________． A．should consider diverse factors B．persuades people to eat vegetables C．lacks scientific background D．is beyond people's imagination A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients，but rather the whole dietary pattern，’ said Lichtenstein．”可推知，Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选A。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Most teens can't wait to become adults， free to make their own decisions．But with freedom comes responsibility， and this applies especially to your finances．The earlier you begin developing good financial habits， the more secure your future will be． 1 Educate Yourself To take charge of your financial future， read a few basic books on personal finance． 2 And you will find it easier to say “no” to a friend who encourages you to waste money or classmates who plan expensive trips that you can't afford． Plan Your Spending 3 First， never spend more money than you can get， and second， watch where your money goes．The best way to do this is by creating a personal spending plan to track the money coming in and going out． Postpone Satisfaction 4 However， you'd better prevent yourself from doing so．With more money saved， you can buy something even better．So whether you received money from a part-time job or special occasions like Chinese New Year， it is wise to hang on to your money so that you can enjoy a greater satisfaction later on． Start an Emergency Fund To get ready for independence， you'd better save money for emergencies．So why not stick to a wise spending plan and put some money into this fund every month? 5 It will also give you a sense of safety and enable you to sleep better at night． Managing money is a skill that takes time to develop．If you can form the habits of self-educating， planning and saving， you'll be on your way to a solid financial future． A．There are two golden rules for you to follow． B．Waiting to get what you want is called postponed satisfaction． C．The best way to monitor your spending is to open a bank account． D．Here are some habits that can help set you up for financial success． E．This simple action will help you get out of unexpected financial problems． F．Many teens rush to buy their favourite items as soon as they get some money． G．Once you have learned enough knowledge， you won't be easily misled by others． [答案]　1－5　DGAFE Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) The buzzwords (时髦术语) “brittle college students” have gone viral on the Internet recently among mounting concerns over 1．a serious decline in the physical health of Chinese college students．The words refer to the new generation of college students generally 2．suffering(suffer) from many physical problems．“Brittle”，which 3．apparently (apparent) means tender and fragile (脆弱的)，has been used by netizens jokingly 4．to describe(describe) how easily college students can get injured and sick． Such comments have caused heated discussions over the declining physical 5．fitness (fit) of contemporary college students，6．which is confirmed by the astonishing record of visits to one hospital in the city of Zhengzhou，north-central Henan Province．7．What shocked researchers was that Zhengzhou Central Hospital received some 1，700 young people aged between 18 and 25 in its emergency department in September alone． “These young people were mainly diagnosed (诊断) with trauma，abdominal pain，chest tightness，hyperventilation，acute alcoholism，and cholecystitis．Most cases were caused by 8．irregular (regular) daily routine，staying up late and unhealthy diet，” said Cheng Xiaodan，deputy director of the hospital's emergency department． Many participants said they had experienced health 9．issues (issue) such as poor skin condition，lack of sleep，and emotional problems．In fact，the health condition of college students mainly depends on 10．whether they choose a healthy lifestyle． 11 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $