Unit 3 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去完成时这一核心语法点，系统梳理其构成（had done/had been done）、用法（强调过去的过去、持续到过去某时、未实现计划及固定句型如hardly...when...）、与一般过去时的差异及被动语态。通过美文诵读感知不同时态，再分点解析、结合例句与单句练习，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以语境化设计为亮点，美文诵读标注时态差异助学生直观体悟，提升语言能力；对比一般过去时与过去完成时用法，培养分析比较的思维品质；练习涵盖单句、语篇及综合题型，发展主动调适策略的学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后多样作业助力学生查漏补缺，强化语法应用。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 过去完成时 美文诵读 语法体悟 　　I still remember last winter，when I ①woke up in the morning，it ②had already stopped snowing．Looking outside of the window，the shiny white snow on our lawn ③had been cleaned by my father．I closed the book that I ④had borrowed from local library and went downstairs for breakfast，which ⑤had been prepared well on the kitchen table．Then my little brother came to tell me that he ⑥had finished all his homework and he ⑦had a very nice dream the night before．We talked about his dream and the stories of my book．I was so proud of him that we ⑧had talked all day long．It was really a happy day． ①、⑦为一般过去时； ②、④、⑥、⑧为过去完成时，其构成为：had done。强调在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态； ③、⑤为过去完成时的被动语态，其构成为：had been done。 一、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“had done”构成。 Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 B．C． 在公元前100年左右，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。 二、过去完成时的用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时刻常用由by，before等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 The student completed this experiment to make what Professor Joseph had said come true． 为了使约瑟夫教授所说的事情成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。 By the end of last year，he had collected more than 100 foreign records． 到去年年底，他已收集了超过100张外国唱片。 2．表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常与由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came． 当一辆公共汽车终于来到的时候，我已经在公交车站等了30分钟。 He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990． 他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。 3．want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算、计划或意图，意为“本来……”。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference． 我原计划乘飞机去维也纳，然后坐公共汽车去布拉格参加一个会议。 They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time． 他们本来要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。 4．过去完成时常用的固定句型。 (1)在“hardly...when...”，“no sooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。hardly或no sooner位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had we sat down when the phone rang． ＝We had hardly sat down when the phone rang． 我们刚坐下电话就响了。 I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain．＝No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain． 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 (2)在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English． 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 单句语法填空 ①Hardly had I got home when it began to rain heavily． ②No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him． ③It was the second time that she had won (win) first prize in the physics contest． ④The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus，I knew it was her，for I had seen (see) her before． ⑤I had meant (mean) to see you off，but I was delayed by the jam． 三、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下两点不同： 1．过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。 They had arrived at the station by ten o'clock yesterday． 他们昨天十点就已经到达了车站。 They arrived at the station at ten o'clock yesterday． 他们昨天十点到达了车站。 2．在没有明确表示过去的时间状语时，谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间先后顺序应依据上下文来判断：先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。 (2024·全国甲卷)I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot，and I was heartbroken with the ending． 我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，结尾让我很伤心。 单句语法填空 ①When I woke up that morning，it had stopped (stop) raining so I could go out as scheduled． ②I knew it was you who had picked (pick) up my schoolbag and handed it in． ③I began collecting stamps in February and by last month I had collected (collect) more than 2，000． ④I had hoped (hope) to go to your birthday party，but I was too busy． 四、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时被动语态的构成： 1．肯定句式：主语＋had been＋过去分词 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half． 由于一场大风暴，我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。 2．否定句式：主语＋had not been＋过去分词 The room had not been painted before she lived in it． 这个房间在她住进去之前没有被粉刷过。 3．一般疑问句式：Had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？ Had the room been painted before she lived in it? 这个房间在她住进去之前被粉刷过吗？ 4．特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋过去分词？ How many times had the room been painted before she lived in it? 这个房间在她住进去之前被粉刷过几次？ 单句语法填空 ①Returning to the camp，they were shocked to see everything had been ruined (ruin)． ②By the time he got to school，the first period had been finished (finish)． ③We went to the playground with the kites which had been made (make) by ourselves． ④The boy was reminded that his homework which had been handed (hand) in was not satisfactory． ⑤How many buildings had been destroyed (destroy) when the hurricane ended？ 课时提升作业(八)　(UNIT 3　Learning About Language) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：92.5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．The chef said the menu had been adjusted (adjust) to suit local tastes．That's why more customers were flooding into the restaurant． 2．Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation had passed(pass)before he knew it． 3．The seaport，situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river，has grown (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842． 4．He said the team had experimented (experiment) with different types of food products，but the models they got weren't as successful． 5．The host had contacted (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people． 6．By last month，his thought of submitting the plan to the committee had been abandoned (abandon)． 7．I wish I had taken (take) your advice last time，and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others． 8．If they don't stop in time，they are likely to fall off the cliff．No wonder it is recognized/has been recognized (recognize) as one of the steepest cliffs in China． 9．I had hoped (hope) to send him a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it． 10．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days． Ⅱ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．上个月我被派到这个村子去看过去两年发展计划的执行情况。 I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years． 2．当我的英语老师告诉我我被选为参赛选手时，我全身心地投入准备工作中。 When my English teacher told me that I had been chosen a competitor，I devoted myself to the preparation． 3．我本来打算和他商量的，但他当时正在出差。 I had meant/planned to consult him，but he was on business then． 4．昨晚的电视新闻说，到那时失踪人员的死亡还没有得到证实。 Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people had not been proved yet． 5．到我中学毕业的时候，我的英语老师已经教这个班3年了。 By the time I left the middle school，my English teacher had taught the class for 3 years． Ⅲ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) A cow and a fox went out to search for food together．They 1．had gone (go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way．They were both very frightened．The fox 2．thought (think) of a way of saving his own life，and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I 3．will help (help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free．” The lion 4．agreed (agree)，and the fox then led the cow by a hidden pit(坑)，which a hunter 5．had dug (dig) as a trap for wild animals，and the cow 6．fell (fall) into it．When the lion saw that the cow 7．had been caught (catch) and couldn't get away，he 8．turned (turn) his attention to the fox．He soon finished him off，and then 9．went (go) on to eat the cow． Betray(背叛) a friend，and you'll often find you 10．have destroyed (destroy) yourself． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) “Gluten(麸质) free，lactose(乳糖) free，vegan...” These ideas on diet might sound unfamiliar to many in China．That's why Wang Jiaqi，a 16-year-old girl from Beijing，opened a special ice cream store called EIS Engelchen in Beijing's Sanlitun，to spread a healthier way to enjoy ice cream． “My friends and I love ice cream，but we've never encountered an ice cream that really ‘wows’ us，” Wang said．Then one day she heard her mom say that she had the best ice cream of her life at a café in a little town in Germany．“I immediately wanted to go there and try it for myself，” she added． Lucky for her，during her summer holiday，Wang was able to go to the town and work as a waitress in the café selling ice cream．“I not only got to taste it myself，but also learned about the healthy idea．In China，where many people are lactose intolerant or vegan，finding suitable ice cream is challenging due to the common use of milk and eggs．” So，Wang decided to bring this ice cream back to China to be enjoyed by even more people． At the time，the brand was only sold to cafés and hotels in Germany．But after discussions with the brand's management，Wang not only gained the right to sell the ice cream but also opened the first physical EIS Engelchen store—all the way away in China． Wang believes that starting a business begins with something small and is a step-by-step process．“When I was in primary school，I sold products like cookies made by myself among students，” Wang said．“I think business is about noticing problems around you and working out ways to solve them．” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的北京女孩王佳琪因对健康饮食的兴趣，将德国的一款特别冰激凌引进中国，开设了EIS Engelchen冰激凌店，旨在提供更健康的冰激凌选择。 1．Where did Wang Jiaqi hear of the German ice cream for the first time? A．From her mother． B．In the café． C．From her friend． D．From the internet． A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then one day she heard her mom say that she had the best ice cream of her life at a café in a little town in Germany．”可知，她是从她妈妈那里第一次听说德国冰激凌的。故选A。] 2．Why did Wang Jiaqi open the ice cream store in Beijing? A．She wanted to provide a place for friends to hang out． B．She was trying to promote traditional Chinese ice cream flavours． C．She wanted to solve the problem of lactose intolerance in China． D．She wanted to promote a healthier way to enjoy ice cream in China． D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“In China，where many people are lactose intolerant or vegan...Wang decided to bring this ice cream back to China to be enjoyed by even more people．”可知，她想在中国推广一种更健康的享用冰激凌的方式，因此在北京开冰激凌店。故选D。] 3．Which of the following word can best describe Wang Jiaqi? A．Business-minded． B．Kind-hearted． C．Hard-working． D．Strong-willed． A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“When I was in primary school...I think business is about noticing problems around you and working out ways to solve them．”可知，她从小就有商业头脑。故选A。] 4．What's the main idea of the text? A．A teenager called on people to eat healthy food． B．A Chinese girl started her own ice cream business． C．Bringing German food to China faced great challenges． D．Traditional ice cream was increasingly popular among students． B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个中国女孩开始了自己的冰激凌生意。故选B。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How to Reduce Gift Wrap Waste Wrapping paper may have “paper” in its name，but that doesn't automatically mean it can be recycled． 1 Try these suggestions for cutting down the amount of wrapping paper you throw away． Reuse what you have． 2 It's estimated that the US produces 4.6 million pounds of wrapping paper annually，and 2.3 million pounds of that stays in people's homes，awaiting reuse． Use different materials． 3 Select basic brown thick paper that can be made up with a bow，ribbons，leaves，pinecones or markers．Repurpose newspapers，old posters and children's school artworks as wrapping paper．There are plenty of other eco-friendly alternatives to wrapping paper that are just delightful and celebratory． 4 Use baskets，fabric，gift boxes or bags，tea towels，and more to contain and display your presents．Learn the Japanese art of wrapping，using beautiful knots(绳结) to fasten colourful，reusable fabrics in attractive ways．This way，you'll have no wrapping paper waste to deal with． Ask for better paper．Shops store what customers want，and recyclability should be a top priority，so let that be known when you're out shopping．As explained by Simon Ellin，CEO of the Recycling Association，a trade body that represents about 90 waste management companies and paper merchants in the United Kingdom，“It's a campaign we've been on all year—do you really need to design a non-paper wrapping paper? Make paper with recycling in mind！” 5 A．Try zero waste． B．Shop with that in mind，too． C．You don't have to choose shining paper to decorate a present． D．In fact，many types of wrapping paper cannot due to their materials． E．When wrapping paper is extremely thin，it has few good quality fibres for recycling． F．Wrapping paper can be used many times if care is taken to unwrap it without tearing． G．Having a mix of recyclable and non-recyclable papers is a real problem for companies． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种减少包装纸浪费的方法。 1．D　[根据上文中“Wrapping paper may have ‘paper’ in its name，but that doesn't automatically mean it can be recycled．” 可知，包装纸不一定可以被回收利用，D项承接上文，讲有些包装纸因为材质而不能被回收利用，符合语境。故选D。] 2．F　[根据本段主题句“Reuse what you have．”可知，本段主要写重复使用你用过的包装纸，F项“如果小心翼翼地打开包装纸而不撕裂，包装纸可以多次使用”符合本段主题。故选F。] 3．C　[根据本段主题句“Use different materials．” 及下文“Select basic brown thick paper...Repurpose newspapers，old posters and children's school artworks as wrapping paper．” 可知，不必用精美闪耀的纸来装饰礼物，C项符合语境。故选C。] 4．A　[根据本段末句“This way，you'll have no wrapping paper waste to deal with．” 可知，本段是关于不产生包装纸浪费。A项“要零浪费”统领本段，符合语境。故选A。] 5．B　[根据本段主题句“Ask for better paper．”和下文“Make paper with recycling in mind！”可推断，这里应该要说你去买包装纸的时候也应该买可回收利用的，B项“购物时也要考虑到这一点”符合语境，选项中that指代上文的recycling。故选B。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Cooking has always been a small enjoyment of mine．About a decade ago，I found great 1 in creating delicious meals from beginning．However，a series of 2 ，including a few unfortunate cuts，left me 3 to cook．So I gradually distanced myself from 4 ，relying more on my husband to cook or takeout．Recently，however，I decided to 5 my love for cooking，and it's been transformative． Getting back into cooking wasn't easy．Memories of past accidents with my hands remained，and the fear of 6 myself again appeared．However，as the 7 of living continued to rise，I realized that relying only on restaurants wasn't sustainable．So，with 8 ，I stepped back into the kitchen． One 9 that has truly refueled my passion for cooking is Julia Child's Beef Bourguignon (红酒炖牛肉)．When the movie Julie and Julia came out，I fell in love with cooking but never 10 this classic French dish．It's certainly a 11 of love，requiring a lot of time， 12 ，and attention to detail．From seasoning the beef with salt and pepper to mixing it with wine，every 13 is a joyous celebration of flavour and technique．Making it for the first time gave me a sense of 14 ，reminding me why I fell in love with cooking． Cooking doesn't have to be a 15 — it can be a form of self-expression． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾因烹饪事故而远离厨房，近期决定重新尝试烹饪，并通过制作红酒炖牛肉找回了对烹饪的热爱。 1．A．loss　 B．joy C．courage D．trouble B　[根据上文“Cooking has always been a small enjoyment of mine．”可知，烹饪一直是作者的小乐趣。这里是说作者在从头开始制作美味佳肴的过程中找到了极大的乐趣。故选B。] 2．A．choices B．treatments C．accidents D．questions C　[根据下文“including a few unfortunate cuts”和“Memories of past accidents with my hands remained”可知，作者经历了一系列意外。故选C。] 3．A．hesitant B．excited C．curious D．ready A　[根据上文内容及下文“the fear”可知，作者因做菜时发生的一系列意外而害怕烹饪，因此对烹饪犹豫不决。故选A。] 4．A．cleaning B．cooking C．hospital D．restaurant B　[根据下文“relying more on my husband to cook or takeout”可知，作者远离了烹饪，由丈夫烹饪或者吃外卖。故选B。] 5．A．convey B．test C．forget D．rediscover D　[根据下文“Getting back into cooking wasn't easy．”可知，作者决定重新找回对烹饪的热爱。故选D。] 6．A．injuring B．excusing C．blaming D．changing A　[根据上文“Memories of past accidents with my hands remained，and the fear of”可知，作者还记得过去的意外，害怕再次受伤。故选A。] 7．A．level B．value C．quality D．cost D　[根据下文“I realized that relying only on restaurants wasn't sustainable．”可知，靠餐馆难以维持，可推知是生活成本不断上涨。故选D。] 8．A．energy B．dream C．determination D．pleasure C　[根据上文“Recently，however，I decided to my love for cooking ”可知，作者下定决心，决定重回厨房。故选C。] 9．A．gift B．dish C．idea D．advertisement B　[根据下文“Julia Child's Beef Bourguignon”可知，是这个食谱激发了作者烹饪的热情。故选B。] 10．A．sold B．mentioned C．attempted D．accepted C　[根据下文“Making it for the first time”可知，作者是第一次做，之前从没尝试过。故选C。] 11．A．labor B．rule C．mark D．promise A　[根据下文“requiring a lot of time， ，and attention to detail”以及常识可知，烹饪是一种劳动，对作者而言这是爱的劳动。故选A。] 12．A．space B．belief C．caution D．patience D　[根据上文“requiring a lot of time”可知，烹饪是需要耐心的。故选D。] 13．A．dish B．event C．step D．secret C　[根据上文“From seasoning the beef with salt and pepper to mixing it with wine”可知，这是烹饪的步骤。故选C。] 14．A．relief B．success C．warmth D．responsibility B　[根据上文“Making it for the first time”并结合常识可知，第一次做成某事会有成就感。故选B。] 15．A．burden B．surprise C．regret D．danger A　[根据上文“Memories of past accidents with my hands remained，and the fear of myself again appeared．”可知，上文提到作者在做菜的过程中出现了一系列意外，后来在做菜的过程中有一种成就感，所以这里说的是，烹饪不一定是一种负担。故选A。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) Kombucha is a kind of drink typically made with either green or black tea．Its 1． (sweet) can come from various sources，such as sugar and honey．It is thought that kombucha was first made in China，which 2． (natural) makes sense given that tea，the base of the recipe (制作配方) is an extremely popular Chinese drink．The earliest recipes are believed to date back to 221 BC，the beginning of China's Qin Dynasty，3． people referred to the drink as the tea which could help people live longer．Then the Silk Road helped introduce the drink to the rest of the world．Sales in the United States are now 4． the rise since kombucha is widely recognized as a health and energy drink． For centuries，kombucha 5． (drink) for its health benefits．Many believe in its ability 6． (reduce) or prevent certain diseases and improve energy levels．Scientists continue to search for more information to support these views． When properly 7． (prepare)，kombucha is generally considered safe for most people．However，it is not 8． (advise) for young children to drink kombucha．Older children may enjoy it，9． due to its caffeine (咖啡因) content，experts recommend 10． (limit) a child's daily intake of kombucha． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了康普茶的历史、制作、健康益处、适用人群和当前的流行情况。 1．sweetness　[考查词性转换。Its后跟名词，sweet的名词是sweetness，是不可数名词，意为“甜味”。故填sweetness。] 2．naturally　[考查词性转换。设空处用副词修饰动词短语makes sense，natural的副词形式是naturally，意为“自然而然地”。故填naturally。] 3．when　[考查定语从句。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词Qin Dynasty是时间，因此设空处用when引导定语从句。故填when。] 4．on　[考查介词。on the rise是固定短语，意为“正在上升”，因此设空处用介词on。故填on。] 5．has been drunk　[考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由“For centuries”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，康普茶是被饮用，因此设空处用被动语态，主语kombucha是不可数名词，因此设空处是has been drunk。故填has been drunk。] 6．to reduce　[考查非谓语动词。ability“能力”，其后用不定式作后置定语，因此设空处应填不定式to reduce。故填to reduce。] 7．prepared　[考查状语从句的省略。when引导的时间状语完整的句子为when kombucha is properly prepared；主从句主语一致，且从句中有is，故可省略从句的主语和is。故填prepared。] 8．advisable　[考查词性转换。设空处用形容词作表语，advise的形容词形式是advisable，意为“明智的，可取的”。故填advisable。] 9．but　[考查连词。“Older children may enjoy it”和“ (limit) a child's daily intake of kombucha”之间是转折关系，因此设空处用but表转折。故填but。] 10．limiting　[考查非谓语动词。recommend doing sth．是固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此设空处用动词-ing形式limiting，作宾语。故填limiting。] 14/14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $