Unit 1 Period 5 课时练案 课文整体教学(Using Language)-【名师导航】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦人物传记类文章的阅读理解与语言运用核心知识点，通过“文章大意-篇章结构-词汇语法-写作应用”的学习支架，系统梳理钱学森和霍金相关文本的主旨把握、细节分析，以及concrete、defend等词汇的一词多义，“否定词+比较级”表最高级、not only...but also...等语法结构的理解与运用。 该资料特色在于融合文化意识与思维品质，通过分析钱学森“中国航天之父”的贡献、霍金与病魔抗争的决心，培育学生家国情怀与科学精神，借助问题链（如“Why was Qian Xuesen called...”）和语法填空等练习，提升分析推断能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固词汇语法，弥补阅读与表达短板。

Period 5　 课文整体教学(Using Language) Ⅰ．文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of China's aerospace． B．What made Qian Xuesen outstanding． C．The achievements China made in aerospace． D．Qian Xuesen's contributions to China's aerospace． [答案]　D Ⅱ．篇章结构 1．Why did Qian Xuesen transfer to aviation? A．He liked to be a pilot after graduation． B．He realised that China needed a strong air force． C．He wanted to go to Shanghai． D．He disliked railway mechanical engineering． 2．Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China? A．He wanted to serve his country． B．He met with difficulties in America． C．He was a hero in China． D．He missed his family． 3．What proved Hawking's work on the big bang theory? A．Communicating with Fred Hoyle． B．Observing the stars． C．Telescopes used by astronomers． D．Two main theories． 4．What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease? A．Cleverness． B．Dreams． C．Determination． D．Physics． [答案]　1—4　BACC 1．Why was Qian Xuesen called “the father of China's aerospace”？ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2．What can we learn about Hawking from his interaction with Fred Hoyle? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ [答案]　略 Ⅰ．一词多义 1．concrete n．混凝土 adj．混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 ①(教材原句)...it suddenly becomes hard as concrete． n．混凝土 ②Your decision must be transformed into concrete action． adj．具体的 ③They live in lifeless concrete apartments． adj．混凝土制的 2．abstract adj．抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要 v．把……抽象出；提取 ①(教材原句)Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought． adj．抽象的 ②It is possible to abstract several good points from his discussion． v．提取 ③There is a section at the end of the magazine，which includes abstracts of recent articles． n．(文献等的)摘要 Ⅱ．词块积累 1．a man with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” 一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人 2．serve his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion 他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然 3．enter Shanghai Jiao Tong University 考入上海交通大学 4．to protect and defend the country来保卫国家 5．conduct important research into rocket propulsion 开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作 6．one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres 美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一 7．launch its first man-made satellite 发射本国第一颗人造卫星 8．earn the name of “the father of China's aerospace” 被誉为“中国航天之父” Ⅲ．写作佳句 1．Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did． 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。 2．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries． 这些性格特点的奇特组合使他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Ⅳ．长难语句 1．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man． [分析]　本句是一个复合句。Described by the authors...是过去分词短语作状语，who引导定语从句，修饰a man。 [翻译]　钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 2．However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country． [分析]　本句是一个复合句。after引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句，作realised的宾语。 [翻译]　不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 Ⅴ．课文语法填空 Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1．greater (great) impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．He was a well-respected man，2．who served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion．Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai．In 1935，he went to the US 3．for his graduate studies and then worked there．After 4．overcoming (overcome) some difficulties，he 5．returned (return) to China in 1955，and was put in charge of developing China's rocket science as well as the space and missile programme．Faced with challenges，Qian didn't feel discouraged．When he 6．was asked (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was “Why not？” Under 7．his (he) leadership，China developed its own missiles，rockets，and man-made satellites 8．successfully (success)．Qian was knowledgeable．However，9．what made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing，which gave him 10．inspiration (inspire) in scientific research．The whole country was saddened by Qian's death in 2009． 1．(教材原句)However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation... *break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break away from 脱离/挣脱…… break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除；分解 break in 插话；破门而入 break into 破门而入 break up 打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 用break的相关短语填空/单句写作 ①Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to break away from my friends and never contact them． ②When the war broke out，the outstanding mechanic seemed to have become another man，frustrated． ③I am terribly surprised to hear that Tom and Mary have broken up，because they got married several months ago． ④(应用文写作之建议信)强烈建议我们把早读任务分解，一个一个地完成。 It is strongly recommended that we should break down our morning reading tasks and complete them one by one． 2．(教材原句)...he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country． *defend v．保卫；防守；辩解(defense n．保卫；辩护；defensive adj．防御的) defend(...)from/against 保护(……)不受……之害；抵御…… in defense of 保卫……；为……辩护 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I'd always played a defensive (defend) game，waiting for my opponent to make a mistake． ②The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland from/against any invasion． ③他们立即响应，团结得像一个人，起来保卫祖国。 They responded at once and rose as one to defend their motherland．(defend) ＝They responded at once and rose as one in defense of their motherland．(defense) 3．(教材原句)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme． *in charge of主管；掌管 (1)in the charge of/in sb．'s charge 由……/某人负责 take charge of 照顾，管理，负责 free of charge 免费地 (2)charge sb．for sth． 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb．with sth． 因某事控告某人 单句语法填空/句型转换 ①As long as you have paid in advance，we won't charge you for delivery． ②Six days later，the police arrested him and charged him with murder． ③He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it． ④The University Students' Union will take charge of recruitment of volunteers． ＝Recruitment of volunteers will be in the charge of the University Students' Union． ＝The University Students' Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers． 4．(教材原句)Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics． *gifted adj．有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的(gift/talent n．天赋) be gifted in/at... 在……方面有天赋 have a gift/talent for... 有……天赋 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The musician is a man of many gifts (gift)，who had a gift for music when he was a child，and now he is gifted in/at playing the piano． ②He is a gifted (gift) pianist and has given many successful performances around the world． ③(应用文写作之通知)参赛者是由每个班级选出的有跳绳天赋的学生。 The competitors are students chosen by each class who have a gift for rope skipping．(gift) ＝The competitors are students chosen by each class who are gifted in/at rope skipping．(gifted) 5．(教材原句)Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults． *fault n．弱点；过错 be one's fault 是某人的过错 be at fault 有过错；有责任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病 单句语法填空/单句写作 ①He has many faults (fault)，and cruelty is one of them known to all the people surrounding him． ②Tim's mom scolded Tim，but Tim quarreled with his mom without realizing he was also at fault． ③(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想要和别人相处好，就不能总是挑别人的毛病。 If you want to get along well with others，you can't always find fault with others． 1．(教材原句)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen． *“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 表示最高级含义的其他常见结构： never＋比较级 nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as... nothing/no＋比较级＋than... 比较级＋than＋ 单句语法填空/单句写作 ① However much she was paid，nothing was more valuable (valuable) than the life in nature． ②汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。 Tom is more intelligent than any other student/all the other students in his class． ③正如我们老师所说的那样，实践最重要。 As what is said by our teacher，nothing is more important than practice． ④(应用文写作之建议信)没有什么能比一个能让你开怀大笑的朋友更能让相处变得有趣了。 Nothing can make spending time together more fun than a friend who makes you laugh． 2．(教材原句)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme． *not only...but also...不但……而且…… (1)“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分，如两个主语、宾语、状语等。 (2)“not only...but also...”连接两个分句，且“not only...”位于句首时，该句要部分倒装。 (3)“not only...but also...”连接两个词作主语时，要根据but also后的名词决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即遵循“就近一致”原则。 单句语法填空/单句写作/一句多译 ①Not only my sister and brother but also my parents are (be) fond of listening to pop music． ②A machine can not only beat you at chess，but it can also outperform you in debate． ③(应用文写作之通知)在参观期间，你不仅可以了解更多的历史，还可以开阔你的眼界。 During the visit，you can not only learn more about the history，but also open up your eyes． ④这次活动不仅丰富了我们的生活，也帮助我们对国画文化有了更多的了解。 The activity not only enriched our life，but also helped us learn more about Chinese painting culture． ＝Not only did the activity enrich our life，but it also helped us learn more about Chinese painting culture．(倒装句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ①aerospace n．航空航天工业 ②have a great impact on...对……影响很大 ③patriotic adj．爱国的 ④devotion n．献身，奉献，忠诚；挚爱 ⑤well-respected adj．备受尊重的 ⑥mechanical engineering 机械工程学 mechanical adj．机械的；发动机的；机器的 ⑦switch...to...将……转变为…… ⑧aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行 ⑨air force 空军 ⑩defend vt．保卫；防守；辩解 ⑪over the course of 在……期间 course [熟词生义]n．进展，进程 ⑫a pioneer in...……方面的带头人/先驱/先锋 ⑬jet n．喷气式飞机 ⑭graduate assistant 研究生助理 assistant n．助理，助手 ⑮conduct research into/on...开展/进行……的研究 ⑯propulsion n．推动力，推进 ⑰overcome the difficulties 克服困难 ⑱in charge of 主管；掌管 ⑲missile n．导弹 ⑳undeveloped adj．未开发的；不发达的 ㉑nevertheless adv．然而；尽管如此 ㉒discourage sb．from doing sth．阻止某人做某事 ㉓take on the challenge接受挑战(＝take up/accept the challenge) take on承担(责任)；决定做；同意负责 ㉔under one's leadership 在某人的领导下 leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 ㉕trace back to 追溯到 ㉖earn the name of...赢得……的名声 name [熟词生义]n．名誉，名声，名气 ㉗knowledgeable adj．博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的 ㉘frontier [熟词生义]n．(尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘 ㉙outstanding adj．优秀的；杰出的；明显的 ㉚deep appreciation for...对……深厚的鉴赏力 appreciation n．欣赏 ㉛sadden vt．使悲伤，使难过 ㉜honour vt．尊敬；给予表扬 n．荣誉；尊敬；尊重 THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE① Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on②[1] China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic③and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion④ [2]，Qian was an extremely well-respected⑤ man． [1]“否定词＋比较级”结构，该结构表示最高级含义。 [2]过去分词短语described by the...devotion作状语；其中who was patriotic...devotion为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a man。with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit”为介宾短语作定语。 Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering⑥．However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑦aviation⑧ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force⑨ to protect and defend⑩ the country． Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies．Over the course of⑪ the 1930s and 1940s，Qian became a pioneer in⑫ American jet⑬ and rocket technology．As a graduate assistant⑭ at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into⑮ rocket propulsion⑯，and in the 1940s，he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory，now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres． After overcoming some difficulties⑰ during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955．He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of⑱ not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile⑲ programme[3]．At that time，China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped⑳．No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major，and there were no talents or experts in this field in China．Nevertheless㉑， Qian did not let that discourage him from㉒ taking on the challenge㉓．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make[4]．” Under Qian's leadership㉔， China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets[5]．In 1970，China successfully launched its first man-made satellite，Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to㉕ Qian's research，Qian earned the name of㉖ “the father of China's aerospace”． [3]not only...but also...连接介词短语in charge of的两个宾语。 [4]that 引导定语从句，修饰the same things。 [5]过去分词短语作伴随状语。 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable㉗， especially in the area of frontier㉘ science research．However，what might have made him such an outstanding㉙ and creative scientist[6] was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing．His deep appreciation for㉚ art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research． On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened㉛ by Qian's death，and people honoured㉜ and remembered him in different ways． [6]what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 ①gifted adj．有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 ②come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) ③abstract adj．抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要 ④achieve/win fame 获得/赢得名声 ⑤the steady state theory 稳恒态理论 steady adj．稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 ⑥hold vt．持有(观点或信念等)；认为 ⑦the big bang theory 大爆炸理论 ⑧champion n．拥护者；捍卫者 ⑨concept n．概念；观念 ⑩the question and answer period 问答环节 ⑪maths n．运算，计算 ⑫astronomer n．天文学家 astronomy n．天文学 ⑬telescope n．望远镜 ⑭besides prep．除……之外(还)(相当于apart from)adv．而且；此外 ⑮brilliant adj．聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 ⑯furthermore adv．此外，再者(＝moreover，what's more) ⑰fight against 与……的斗争 ⑱above all最重要的是；尤其是 ⑲admit one's fault 承认某人的错误 fault n．弱点；过错 ⑳odd adj．奇怪的；怪异的；反常的 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted① scientists in physics．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk[1]．Since he came down with② a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles[2]，his world became one of abstract③ thought． [1] 介宾短语in his wheelchair，形容词短语unable to move及动词-ing形式短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰images of him。 [2]since 引导原因状语从句，该从句中又包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰a disease。 Hawking first achieved fame④ when he was still healthy enough to walk，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964．In general，there were two main theories on the origin of the universe．The first was the steady state theory⑤， which holds⑥ that the universe has no beginning or end[3]．The other was the big bang theory⑦， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space．The biggest champion⑧ of the steady state concept⑨ was Fred Hoyle，a professor at Cambridge．During the question and answer period⑩ after one of Hoyle's lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths⑪．Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true．Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers⑫ with telescopes⑬．A star was born． [3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the steady state theory。that the universe...or end为that引导的宾语从句，作holds的宾语。 So，what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides⑭ being brilliant⑮，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did[4]．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say[5]，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about[6]．Furthermore⑯， he was quite determined．This had helped him as a scientist，and had helped him even more in his fight against⑰ his disease．Above all⑱， Hawking was willing to admit his faults⑲．This odd⑳ combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries． [4]此处为though引导的让步状语从句的省略，将其补充完整则是“though he was sometimes careless in what he said or did”。 [5]what引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。 [6]what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。 一个纯思维的世界 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 15/15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $