专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌). It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria. Actually, a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium. And in 1992, a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland in the US, found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour. As unpleasant as this sounds, there is no need to worry about it. The headphones in the second study were clean before use, so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms. Also, this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria. The study’s authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins. The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play. Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear. The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally, and your ear is able to deal with them. However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses. 1．What does the underlined word “inviting” in the first paragraph mean? A．Equal. B．Attractive. C．Deadly. D．Confusing. 2．Why does the author mention the 2002 study? A．To support a view. B．To show a lifestyle. C．To raise a question. D．To present a product. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Researchers haven’t finished the studies. B．Listening to music makes us less focused. C．We can kill harmful bacteria completely. D．Improper use of headphones harms health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria B．Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear C．Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones D．Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is. Experts have different opinions about morning, evening and afternoon workouts. To explore these differences further, let’s look at the benefits of exercising at different times of the day. Dr. Jagim from Mayo Clinic Health System says, “Morning workouts make you feel like you do something good and start the day on a happy note.” After a morning workout, people feel good because of endorphins (内啡肽). Also, mornings are usually free from other things to do, allowing people to enjoy their afternoons and evenings without worrying about exercise. For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, “Eating a varied breakfast with carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.” “However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening.” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine specialist. “This is a good time to exercise. During this time, your body has time to wake up a bit by moving around throughout the day. Also, your body uses oxygen better in the evening. This helps you use your energy more efficiently when you exercise.” A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people. Dr. Gende, emergency physician at Mayo Clinic Health System, says that morning workouts might not be good for people who work late shifts or stay up late. For them, it’s better to sleep more in the morning and then do a workout in the middle of the day or early afternoon before their next shift. While science gives ideas, experts agree the best time matches personal plans and energy. Consistency is more important than timing. 1．What does Dr. Jagim recommend for morning workouts? A．Taking in more fats. B．Having a healthy breakfast C．Drinking enough water. D．Avoiding staying up late the night before. 2．What might Jake Erickson agree with? A．Early evening workouts suit late risers. B．The later night exercisers wake up, the better. C．All people’s bodies work best in the late evening. D．Morning workouts set a positive tone for night workers. 3．Which group benefits most from afternoon workouts according to the study? A．Young women. B．Teenagers C．Children. D．Older people 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When is the Best Time to Exercise? B．What is Important for a Healthy Body? C．What Role Does Food Play During Workouts? D．Why is Evening Exercise Good for Everyone? Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Do you like travelling? No matter travelling alone, with friends, or with a tour group, they all have advantages and disadvantages. The best thing about travelling alone is that you can do what you want to do. No waiting around in places you aren’t interested in, no missing a bus because your friend was late. Your experience will be greatly improved by travelling alone. The main worry is loneliness, but believe me, it’s not difficult to talk to and meet people. Just remember everyone is on the same boat; everyone wants to meet new people, have fun and be friendly! There’s a problem of safety in some countries, especially for women travelling alone. You should always check the foreign office of your country for advice on safety. Buying a personal alarm is a good idea for women travelling alone. Travelling with a friend does sound nice, but it depends on how well you get on. If you have similar interests or travel ideas, it should be wonderful. You will find it much cheaper to cook food in developed countries and share a room. However, a lot of people I meet travelling together don’t seem to be having as much fun and often go their separate ways. Tours are great when they go well. Some of my best memories have been with tour groups. The key there is when they go well. A terrible tour guide, quiet group and terrible food can ruin our time. My ad vice would be never to do a tour that is too long especially in countries with safety problems or poor transport. All in all, travelling alone is the best, but it is good to mix it up. Invite a friend from home to meet you for a few weeks. Try a tour or two — some people love them — perhaps start with a day tour. 1．How many ways of travelling are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A．Other travellers have to learn boating with you. B．Other travellers will help you make a boat. C．Other travellers have similar feelings to yours. D．Other travellers will teach you new rules. 3．What’s the author’s suggestion on travelling with friends? A．Don’t be late for the tour bus. B．Always listen to others’ travel ideas. C．Cook food when travelling in developing countries. D．Choose those who have common interests with you. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．We can try different ways of travelling. B．Travelling with friends is more interesting than with a tour. C．It is not necessary to get an alarm when travelling alone. D．A terrible tour guide won’t affect the trip much. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Salad seeds (生菜种子) that went on a round trip to outer space and back grew at a slightly slower rate than the ones on earth. scientists have found, thanks to thousands of young people who helped conduct an out-of-this-world experiment. The project started in 2015, when British astronaut (宇航员) Tim Peake took a million rocket seeds with him on his journey to the International Space Station(ISS). The seeds spent six months there before they were sent back to Earth in 2016. In a message sent from the ISS, Peake said the science experiment was to find out if the conditions in space affected the seeds’ ability to grow. Around 600, 000 pupils at 8. 600 schools in the UK were then asked to grow the rocket seeds that had been to space, along with regular seeds that had never left the planet. Peake described the experiment as “one of the largest and most inspirational experiments of its kind. ” The results of the study, which have just been published, found that the space seeds grew more slowly than the ones that had stayed on Earth. Researchers on the experiment said this was due to the stresses of space travel, such as the zero-gravity atmosphere and high levels of cosmic rays (宇宙射线), which slowed the growth of the plants. Now researchers are hopeful that if the seeds are properly protected, it might be possible to grow plants during future space tasks to other planets. Dr Jake Chandler, from University of London, who led the study, said, “The possibility of eating home-grown salad on Mars may be one small step closer.” 1．What’s the purpose of the science experiment? A．To complete a round trip to the outer space. B．To produce enough food for astronauts in space. C．To test the effect of space on the growth of seeds. D．To develop young people’s interest in gardening. 2．How did Tim Peake feel about the experiment? A．Disappointing. B．Meaningless. C．Doubtful D．Significant 3．What affected the rocket seeds’ ability to grow according to the researchers? A．The size of the seeds B．The quality of the seeds. C．The condition of the soil D．The stresses of space travel. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Seeds that had never left the earth grew faster B．It will be impossible to eat home-grown salad on Mars C．The result of the experiment had nothing to do with comic rays. D．Pupils were just asked to grow seeds that had never been to space. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Donna Edmonds certainly knows a thing or two about getting children outside of the classroom. Having been a teacher for 23 years, she’s now in charge of Farms For City Children, a program enabling children in cities to explore the farms in the British countryside. Visiting children can take part in the farm tasks: growing and harvesting in the gardens; caring for chickens and looking after the land; and cooking up a home-grown meal in the farmhouse kitchen. Donna’s connection with the charity led to a life-changing experience. She explained, “In November 2000, my headteacher said we’d got this trip going to a farm. I didn’t want to do that. I’m from south London and had no interest in farming.” But the week at Farms For City Children changed Donna’s entire life. Donna said, “Quite honestly, the nature connection gap in our society is embarrassing; there are so many children who haven’t been to the countryside. I remember asking them what cows drank and they replied “milk”. Seeing them fall in love with nature was incredible to my life.” Donna believes there is a strong need for teachers to bring city children into close contact with nature. Farms for City Children was founded in 1976, and it has now embraced a new direction — more children from different backgrounds can get into the countryside and they may one day even make a career from it. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．It praises an excellent teacher. B．It introduces a school program. C．It tells the adventure of a field trip. D．It shows the difficulty in education. 2．What can be inferred about the children in city in paragraph 3? A．They badly need to connect with nature. B．They felt embarrassed in the countryside. C．They are unlikely to fall in love with nature. D．They know nothing about biology knowledge. 3．What benefit may Farms for City Children bring? A．Help with young people’s career plan. B．The right direction of farming development. C．Improvement of children’s school performance. D．Better ways to improve farmers’ living conditions. 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak (喙) since at least 2012. This makes the parrot look different. But scientists are more surprised at what he can do in spite of his injury. When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand. Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own. Normally these birds use their beaks to keep their feathers (羽毛) clean, but Bruce couldn’t. However, researchers noticed that Bruce had his own way to do it. First, he looks for his tool among pointy small stones. He then rolls a few stones around in his mouth with his tongue until he finds one that he likes. He holds the chosen stone between his tongue and lower beak to pick through his feathers. This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. “It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,” says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many skills. The birds are famous for copying-and perhaps even understanding-human speech. These make the birds seem quite smart. But studying intelligence (智力) is difficult, especially in animals other than humans. Researchers once thought these skills made humans special. But some other animals also practice these skills, such as dolphins and elephants. So do parrots. Even so, parrots may not be an obvious choice for studying human-like intelligence. Parrots’ bodies are very different than ours. Their brains also look quite simple compared to ours. But studies over the last 10 years are highlighting the hidden powers of bird brains. And those powers suggest parrots may be able to teach us about what human-like intelligence is like. 1．What can be learned about Bruce before he lived at Willowbank? A．He was badly hurt. B．He was kept at a zoo. C．He was old enough. D．He was lost in the woods. 2．Which best explains the word “forage” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Cry out for help. B．Turn up in time. C．Search for food. D．Live with others. 3．What can we infer about Bruce? A．He taught himself to use tools. B．He always ran into trouble. C．He failed to build a new home. D．He learnt the skill in the wild. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Taking Action to Protect Parrots B．Knowing Animals’ Survival Skill C．Scientists Raise Young Parrots in the Lab D．Parrots May Be Smarter than We Thought Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） How much do you love animals? Maybe not as much as photographer Joel Sartore. He is traveling the world to take pictures of as many animals as he can find, which allows people to focus on the beauty and uniqueness of each animal. Sartore is working to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters. And he has already taken nearly 15,000! He hopes his photos will remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered creatures are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone. “My job is to tell their stories and hope that the world cares in time,” he told The Weather Channel in 2023. Sartore calls his project the Photo Ark, like the story of Noah’s Ark, in which a large boat is built to save every type of animal in the world from a flood. He founded the Photo Ark in 2016 in his hometown of Lincoln, Nebraska. He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights. This helps him photograph their true colors, and lets people see a little mouse as clearly as a big elephant and look each animal right in the eye. “When people connect to animals through eye contact, we have got a real chance at changing human behavior,” Sartore says. The project has been well received. Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. He asks people to buy his books and photos, give money to the Photo Ark, and support zoos, aquariums and wildlife shelters near where they live. 1．What is the purpose of Sartore’s project? A．To help sell his photos. B．To help save animals in danger. C．To meet his own interest in animals. D．To offer another way to learn about animals. 2．What can be known about Sartore’s photos of the animals in Paragraph 4? A．They are black and white. B．They are about animals in danger. C．They are taken in a natural condition. D．They are taken in a designed environment. 3．What is people’s attitude towards Sartore’s project? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Negative. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Profile of a Traveling Photographer. B．The Art of Studio Photography for Animals. C．Saving Endangered Species: One Photo at a Time. D．The History of Noah’s Ark and Animal Protection. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） For more than 140 years, fishers in Laguna, Brazil have formed an unusual partnership with local dolphins. As soon as the fishers spot a dolphin waving its tail, lifting its head, and diving deeply, they race into the water with their nets. Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation and that the animals may be guiding the people. They pay close attention to the humans, timing their actions to maximize their catch. Over the years, dolphins have been showing the fishers “where to stand and when to get ready to throw their nets” in the dark waters. It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans. As much as the fishers were watching the dolphins, the dolphins were also watching the fishers, the study found. Both species must time their actions correctly to catch fish. The people wait with their nets at the ready for a dolphin to approach closely. When a dolphin sees a ready fisher, the animal will give a tip, usually that deep dive, which tells the fisher the mullet (鲻鱼) are right there and it’s time to cast their net. Sometimes, either dolphin or fisher will respond incorrectly, and neither catches fish. Yet, the scientists reported that of nearly 3,000 recorded fishing attempts, nearly 46% were successful. To ensure this accuracy, fishers must understand the dolphins’ tips, learning them over time. Even it can say, “The dolphins are almost like teachers.” Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, rushing fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline. The same fate likely faces the Laguna dolphins if the mullet numbers, which have dropped over the past decade because of overfishing, continue to decline. The practice may escape such a fate, if Brazil regards this dolphin-fisher relationship a cultural heritage, as the scientists propose. “Without mullet,” the expert says, “this partnership will end.” 1．How do the dolphins guide the fishers to catch the fish? A．They constantly attack fish. B．They use body languages. C．They make strange voices. D．They pull the nets. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? A．Introduce a new topic for discussion. B．Provide suggestions for the readers. C．Share some interesting facts about dolphins. D．Conclude the previous paragraphs. 3．What can we learn about the dolphin-fisher relationship in Laguna? A．It has completely disappeared. B．It develops friendly. C．It needs to be protected. D．It becomes useless and meaningless. 4．In which column of the newspaper can we read the passage? A．Art. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Animals. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省安康市·期末） You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 1．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 2．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. 主题03 人与自我—— 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省汉中市·期末） To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the right books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time. My enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (简洁的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you’d better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones. However, if you limit yourself to novels you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell’s work. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion — essays are necessary. Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine by ourselves. As a saying goes, “One man’s meat is another man’s poison”. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English. 1．What made the first English novel that the author read hard to understand? A．Complicated conversations. B．Sentences and Austen’s thinking style. C．The old-fashioned vocabulary. D．Not knowing the social background. 2．Which word can best describe the author’s first English novel reading experience? A．Enjoyable. B．Unique. C．Terrible. D．Inspirational. 3．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be affected by others’ ideas easily. B．Read books that are instructive. C．Choose books that challenge us most. D．Compare books before buying. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．Give comments on literature works. B．Tell beginners how to choose English books. C．Encourage people to read more English books. D．Recommend first class books to English learners. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏西夏区·期末） Sunday Bakeshop in Oakland, California, makes foods that mix American and Asian cultures. The restaurant makes foods that are cooked or baked in an oven. Many of them are sweet. For example, the shop sells something called a dim sum cookie. It looks like a sugar cookie but has sesame (芝麻) seeds on top and sweetened red beans inside. Dim sum is a word for Cantonese foods from southern China. The dim sum cookie is Elaine Lau’s way of honoring her grandmother who would make a kind of food that had a similar taste. Lau’s restaurant also makes Chinese White Rabbit candy cookies. Those sweets would not be found in any bakery in Asia but are a mixture of Asian and Western foods. Lau said she speaks to Asian Americans and others at her store. She said:“We get a lot of comments, for example, ‘The cookies are just like little lovely kitties and puppies.’ ‘Oh this took me back to several years ago when I was growing up.’” She added that it was nice to create good memories and feelings with her pastries (糕点). Bakeries that combine the feeling of growing-up Asians and Americans have been opening up more often in recent years. Traditional Asian ingredients are being mixed with European or American pastries into something new. The creations are a way for young Asian Americans to celebrate their identity. “Older traditional Asian bakeries make foods that immigrants (移民) miss from their home country. The new bakeries celebrate Asian culture and are part of a natural progression,”said Robert Ku, who is an Asian American studies professor at Binghamton University in New York state. He also wrote the book Dubious Gastronomy: The Cultural Politics of Eating Asian in the USA. “The bakers are showing that their foods, which mix cultures, are just as American as apple pie. It’s sort of the artistic side of Asian American identity that’s often ignored,” Ku said. “They’re instead really trying to fuse things together.” 1．What does Lau think of her work? A．Tiring. B．Demanding. C．Confusing. D．Valuable. 2．What are the older traditional Asian bakeries trying to do? A．Create a new way of showing their identities. B．Celebrate the Asian culture in foreign countries. C．Remind the immigrants of their hometown flavor. D．Introduce young Asian Americans to new culture. 3．What does the underlined word “fuse” in the last paragraph mean? A．Combine. B．Improve. C．Invent. D．Consume. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Asian American Cookies Become American’s Favorite Food B．Varieties of New Asian Foods Are Created by American Cooks C．Asian American Bakeries Mix Together Cultures to Create New Foods D．Traditional Asian Food Becomes Popular with American Young People 主题01 人与社会—— 人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. Studies reveal that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average! Some of this usage may be related to work. However, much of it is because many apps — particularly social media apps — use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more. One of such techniques is to push notifications. You’re getting on with your work or something else when — ping! — a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you go back to your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again. Once you’ve opened an app, its goal is now to get you continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. Have you ever noticed that in some apps, three dots (…) appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create your expectation or curiosity. You wonder what your friend is going to say. Well, you’ll have to keep waiting and see. While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone. 1．What does the underlined word “reveal” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Encourage. B．Predict. C．Prevent. D．Show. 2．What is special about an app using streaks? A．Ongoing pings will inform you of new posts. B．Competitive games will greatly discourage you. C．Everyday use of the app might earn you a medal. D．Appearance of three dots might disturb your typing. 3．There are “clever techniques” mentioned in the passage. A．two B．three C．four D．five 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Tricks That Keep You Glued to Your Phone. B．Can People Break Their Addition to Games? C．Could Technology Further Improve Phones? D．The Social Media Apps That Waste Your Time. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Most students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results, they feel that their 1Q is what determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change this fact. However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are. your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their EQ might actually count more than their IQ. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life. The good news is that most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Compared with IQ that seems to be fixed the moment you were born, EQ could be improved with right approaches. Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person’s EQ, especially when it comes to “people’s skills”, such as understanding and communication. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way. This requires a high EQ —the higher, the better. 1．Why do most students think others have a better performance? A．Because they have a higher EQ. B．Because their teachers help them. C．Because they have more luck. D．Because they have a higher IQ. 2．What does the underlined word “count” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sum. B．Matter. C．List. D．Name 3．What will people with a high EQ usually do? A．They don’t accept new ideas B．They are troubled by problems. C．They get along well with others D．They have negative attitudes 4．As for EQ, which would the author agree with: A．It is fixed the moment we were born. B．It has little connection with education. C．It can be improved with right methods D．It will surely lead to an unsuccessful life. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省晋中市·期末） Imagine flying over the city in an electric-powered aircraft that has no pilot but can take you from point A to point B in minutes. Sounds like science fiction, right? Well, not anymore. China-based Ehang has become the world’s first company to be officially allowed to fly passengers in its pilotless air taxis. Ehang’s air taxis can carry up to two passengers and can fly at speeds of up to 130 km/h and distances of up to 28 km. Passengers can simply select their destination( 目 的 地 )on a touch screen inside the cabin and enjoy the ride without worrying about piloting the aircraft. The taxis do not require airports or runways. They can take off and land vertically( 垂 直 地 ) from any flat surface, such as a rooftop, park or car park. They can be fully charged in two hours and have low noise levels. They also have some necessary things, such as backup batteries, propellers, emergency landing systems and parachutes in case anything goes wrong. They could change how we travel around big cities—imagine using them to avoid traffic jams, save time to work or school, or get to places that are hard to reach by car or public transport. And beyond just moving people, the aircraft can be used for delivering goods, such as packages, medical supplies or food. During natural disasters such as bushfires or foods, air taxis could transport much-needed medical staff, equipment or medicines to the scene quickly and safely. Ehang’s air taxis need to follow the laws and rules of different countries and regions where they might operate. One big challenge will be gaining the trust of the public and persuading passengers they are safe while flying. To do this, Ehang will educate passengers about the benefits and risks of using its taxis while also dealing with possible problems. 1．Why is science fiction mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To prove air taxis are not real. B．To show air taxis are advanced. C．To express people’s love for air taxis. D．To provide scientific facts about air taxis! 2．Which is an advantage of air taxis? A．They are less noisy. B．They use less energy. C．They can land anywhere. D．They are less expensive. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about air taxis? A．Their possible problems. B．Their wide popularity. C．Their key functions. D．Their simple design. 4．What’s the passengers’ main concern over air taxis? A．Price. B．Speed. C．Management. D．Safety. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） Five seconds are left on the clock. The ball is passed from one player to another. The athletes move quickly past opponents (对手). In the final second, a player scores the winning goal. What sets this match apart? The players are in wheelchairs. Wheelchair rugby is played in more than 25 countries around the world, with men and women competing equally. It is also a sport in the Summer Paralympics, the world’s second-largest sporting event after the Olympics. The sport’s rules and equipment are different from traditional rugby, which has 15 players on an outdoor field and kicking methods that are similar to football in the United States. Wheelchair rugby is played indoors on a small hardwood court. Only four players from each 10-member team are on the court at the same time. In wheelchair rugby, the ball is smaller than a traditional rugby ball and round instead of oval (椭圆形). This makes it easier to carry on one’s knee. It’s also easier to catch, which is important because some players struggle with hand movements. In wheelchair rugby, the aim is to carry the ball across the goal line. Instead of kicking other players along the way, the athletes crash with each other in order to kick the ball out. In New Zealand, the All Blacks, the traditional rugby team, are widely known. But not everyone knows about the Wheel Blacks, who travel across the country and internationally to compete. Members of this great team won the gold medal in the 2004 Paralympic Games and the third medal in the 2019 Asia-Oceania Championships. The team captain encourages everyone to find a sport they love, no matter what limitations they may have. “In any sport that you’re wanting to try,” he said, “just go for it. Don’t be afraid to push the limit.” 1．What is special about the match introduced in the text? A．It is very competitive. B．There’s something wrong with the players’ bodies. C．Men and women compete together. D．It receives great attention. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The history of the game. B．The traditional rugby. C．Different rugby balls. D．Differences between two kinds of sports. 3．What happens during the wheelchair rugby? A．Athletes never carry the ball. B．Athletes break the rules a lot. C．Athletes knock into each other. D．Athletes kick other players wildly. 4．What does the captain encourage others to do? A．Face limitations and do the sport they love. B．Try their best in the sport to win an honor. C．Do more exercise to keep healthy. D．Take part in different sports if they have time. Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川·期末） Screen time before bedtime may leave people feeling sleepy in the morning. Cell phones, computers and TVs emit (发出) blue light. And exposure to that bluish light during the two hours before bed can keep us from getting a good night’s rest, a new study finds. It cuts down on the length of people’s sleep. It also leaves them feeling tired in the morning and can disrupt the body clock. Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need. Green and his team surveyed 19 people — all in their 20s — for a sleep study. All spent two hours on a computer right before bedtime. But they didn’t all experience the same light exposure. Looking at screens that gave off intense blue light cut someone’s sleep by about 16 minutes, compared to when they had used screens with red light. Those exposed to blue light also woke up more often at night than if they had been exposed to red light. “The normal blue light emissions from the computer screen also affect how much melatonin (褪黑素) each volunteer makes. It is released into our blood around 9 p.m. When our bodies make less melatonin, we may still feel too alert at bedtime to fall asleep when the body is tired. And body temperature won’t drop as expected after we use devices emitting lots of blue light. Using screens before bed damages the body’s biological clock,” Green says. “More and more kids are using screens nowadays. Sleep is important, especially during the first few years of life when ‘neural plasticity’ (神经可塑性) is at its greatest. Their brains are still developing the ability to learn and pay attention. That makes the new results worrisome,” Green says. Rahman says that the new work makes a good point about how blue light from screens can be bad for our bodies. However, he points out, the light in this study is extremely bright. It is far brighter than what a normal computer, tablet or TV will emit. Still, Rahman says the results remind us to think about how we should use screens before bed. 1．The blue light from the screens may cause people to ________. A．tend to work at night B．get attentive in the morning C．be less sleepy before bed time D．be affected less by the body clock 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．People’s concern about light exposure. B．A study on blue light’s effects on sleep. C．Reasons for blue light’s effects on sleep. D．Effects of various types of light on sleep. 3．What can be implied from Green’s remarks? A．Melatonin may affect people’s neural plasticity. B．Blue light may affect children’s brain development. C．Exposure to normal screen has little impact on sleep. D．The low temperature of body helps produce melatonin. 4．What’s Rahman’s possible attitude towards the Green’s study? A．Uncaring. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Critical. 主题02 人与自然—— 自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Veery, a small songbird only weighing about 30 grams, will migrate thousands of miles south —from North America, across the ocean, to South America in summer. No doubt it’s a perilous journey. Some of those birds may never make it if a hurricane(飓风) happens. But a study published in the journal Scientific Reports in 2018 showed that when the veeries begin to leave the north is closely related to the coming of the Atlantic hurricane season. The little birds try not to be destroyed by the possible hurricanes. “During bad years, the birds would shorten their breeding (繁殖) season in the north and head down to South America earlier than usual. In this way, most of the birds survived. It makes sense that they have figured it out somehow.” says Christopher Heckscher, an ecologist at Delaware State University. Exactly, how the veeries “predict” hurricane seasons may partly result from small changes in climate like El Niio (厄尔尼诺) events. During El Niio years, the ocean water is warmer than average, and produces winds that more effectively weaken hurricanes, bringing down the number of hurricanes. The little birds are usually smart enough to sense this and make a wise decision to migrate. With these changes, rainfall in veery habitat (栖息地) may differ. When more rain falls, more fruit could be available. This change in diet may help the veery return to North America in a better shape and also enjoy a longer breeding season back home. Heckscher says although it’s too early to determine what the birds are predicting for future Atlantic hurricane seasons, veeries have been just as good, and in one case better than meteorological (气象) models in predicting hurricanes. 1．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Dangerous. B．Unfamiliar. C．Beneficial. D．Powerful. 2．What have scientists discovered about the veery migration? A．It brings the climate change. B．It explains why hurricanes happen. C．It often occurs later than other migrant birds’. D．It is influenced by the possible hurricane season. 3．What may happen to veeries during El Niio years? A．They seek for more food. B．They meet more hurricanes. C．They don't fly back to the north. D．They become stronger for breeding. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Veery: Beating Climate Models B．Veery: A Natural Predictor of Hurricanes C．El Nino: Destroying Vecries' Migration D．Christopher Heckscher: A Famous Ecologist Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·青海省西宁市·期末） A Love of Gardening “If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.” These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built. This is what started the British love of gardening! Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening. For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest. Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality. As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things? And if you’re in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose… A thistle cannot grow.” 1．What inspired the British to create their own private gardens? A．A rise in earnings. B．The call of the government. C．The publication of The Secret Garden. D．The competition among neighbors. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How to build a garden well. B．Where is suitable for building gardens. C．When is the right time to do gardening. D．How the private garden is enjoyed by the British. 3．Why is it difficult for the British living in cities to build private gardens? A．They don’t have free time. B．They don’t have enough space. C．They lack gardening knowledge. D．They are not allowed to do so by law. 4．What can we know about gardening according to the text? A．It wastes money. B．It takes up too much land. C．It worsens air quality. D．It benefits the environment and people’s soul. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） As humans encroach (侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move — it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks. Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras. Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, bunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%. The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted. The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans. 1．Why are animals becoming more active at night? A．It is easier to find food at night. B．It is easier to escape being hunted. C．They can be less affected by human. D．They have got used to nightlife. 2．How did the researchers find the animals’ behavioral changes? A．They followed and watched the animals. B．They used modern technologies. C．They compared different animals. D．They found more animals at night. 3．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Any human encroachment can affect animals. B．Animals can be affected only when being hunted. C．Deer can get used to nightlife easily. D．Animals should stay away from humans. 4．Which word can possibly replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．dangers B．strengths C．possibilities D．disadvantages 试卷第20页，共42页 试卷第21页，共42页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌). It seems that wearing headphones could only make that environment more inviting to these bacteria. Actually, a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium. And in 1992, a study at the Navy Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland in the US, found that the kind of over-the-ear headphones used by airlines had 11 times more bacteria after having been worn for just one hour. As unpleasant as this sounds, there is no need to worry about it. The headphones in the second study were clean before use, so began with a very low bacterial population and that increase resulted in a fairly low number in absolute terms. Also, this increase was not fast enough to increase the reproduction of bacteria. The study’s authors said that most of the bacteria must already have been present in the deeper skins. The dark warm conditions while wearing headphones just encouraged some of them to come out and play. Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear. The bacteria that increase in your ear while you listen to music are the ones that live there normally, and your ear is able to deal with them. However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses. 1．What does the underlined word “inviting” in the first paragraph mean? A．Equal. B．Attractive. C．Deadly. D．Confusing. 2．Why does the author mention the 2002 study? A．To support a view. B．To show a lifestyle. C．To raise a question. D．To present a product. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Researchers haven’t finished the studies. B．Listening to music makes us less focused. C．We can kill harmful bacteria completely. D．Improper use of headphones harms health. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Proper Ways to Get Free from Bacteria B．Doctors Can Treat an Illness in the Ear C．Concerns about Bacteria on Headphones D．Causes of the Rising Number of Bacteria 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【来源】山西省多校联考2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了耳机使用过程中可能会增加耳朵中细菌的数量，但这些细菌并不会对人体造成伤害，然而，频繁的戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Your ears are already dark, wet and full of oils and dead skin—a delicious meal for many bacteria (细菌).”（你的耳朵已经又黑又湿，满是油脂和死皮——这是许多细菌的美味大餐。）第二段“Actually, a 2008 study at Manipal University in India found that frequent (频繁的) use of headphones did increase the population of bacteria in the ear—mostly the staphylococcus, a common skin bacterium.”（事实上，印度马尼帕尔大学2008年的一项研究发现，频繁使用耳机确实会增加耳朵里的细菌数量——主要是葡萄球菌，一种常见的皮肤细菌。）可知，戴耳机只会使这种环境对这些细菌更具吸引力。所以，inviting在此处意为“吸引人的”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Furthermore, there are no signs that these bacteria can cause any harm. A 2002 study of call centre workers in Malaysia found no connections between headphone use and the illness in the ear.”(此外，没有迹象表明这些细菌会造成任何伤害。2002年对马来西亚呼叫中心工作人员的一项研究发现，耳机的使用与耳病之间没有关系。)可推知，作者提到2002年的研究是为了支持一个观点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, several studies have suggested that repeatedly putting on and taking off headphones may increase the risk of skin abrasions (擦伤) that allow harmful bacteria to get in and cause illnesses.”(然而，有几项研究表明，频繁地戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。)可推知，不当的使用耳机可能会对健康造成伤害。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了耳机使用过程中可能会增加耳朵中细菌的数量，但这些细菌并不会对人体造成伤害，然而，频繁的戴上和摘下耳机可能会增加皮肤擦伤的风险，从而使有害细菌有机会侵入并引发疾病。所以短文的最佳标题为“对耳机细菌的担忧”切题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省宝鸡市·期末） Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is. Experts have different opinions about morning, evening and afternoon workouts. To explore these differences further, let’s look at the benefits of exercising at different times of the day. Dr. Jagim from Mayo Clinic Health System says, “Morning workouts make you feel like you do something good and start the day on a happy note.” After a morning workout, people feel good because of endorphins (内啡肽). Also, mornings are usually free from other things to do, allowing people to enjoy their afternoons and evenings without worrying about exercise. For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, “Eating a varied breakfast with carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.” “However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening.” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine specialist. “This is a good time to exercise. During this time, your body has time to wake up a bit by moving around throughout the day. Also, your body uses oxygen better in the evening. This helps you use your energy more efficiently when you exercise.” A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people. Dr. Gende, emergency physician at Mayo Clinic Health System, says that morning workouts might not be good for people who work late shifts or stay up late. For them, it’s better to sleep more in the morning and then do a workout in the middle of the day or early afternoon before their next shift. While science gives ideas, experts agree the best time matches personal plans and energy. Consistency is more important than timing. 1．What does Dr. Jagim recommend for morning workouts? A．Taking in more fats. B．Having a healthy breakfast C．Drinking enough water. D．Avoiding staying up late the night before. 2．What might Jake Erickson agree with? A．Early evening workouts suit late risers. B．The later night exercisers wake up, the better. C．All people’s bodies work best in the late evening. D．Morning workouts set a positive tone for night workers. 3．Which group benefits most from afternoon workouts according to the study? A．Young women. B．Teenagers C．Children. D．Older people 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．When is the Best Time to Exercise? B．What is Important for a Healthy Body? C．What Role Does Food Play During Workouts? D．Why is Evening Exercise Good for Everyone? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【来源】陕西省宝鸡市2025-2026学年高一上学期10月期中英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了专家对一天中不同时间段锻炼的看法，指出最佳锻炼时间应根据个人计划和精力来定，而锻炼的持续性比选择具体时间段更重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For morning workouts, Dr. Jagim says, ‘Eating a varied breakfast with carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats is important. This gives energy for the workout.’(贾吉姆博士表示，对于晨练来说，‘吃一顿包含碳水化合物、蛋白质和健康脂肪的多样化早餐非常重要，这能为锻炼提供能量。’)”可知，贾吉姆博士建议晨练者吃健康的早餐。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, for some people, waking up early to exercise is the last thing they feel like doing, and therefore, the case for evening workouts is more attractive. Your body works best in the early evening.” says Jake Erickson, a sports medicine specialist.(运动医学专家杰克・埃里克森说：“然而，对有些人来说，早起锻炼是他们最不想做的事，因此，傍晚锻炼更有吸引力。你的身体在傍晚早些时候状态最佳。”)可知，埃里克森认为傍晚锻炼适合不想早起的人（即晚起者）。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A study with over 90,000 people found that exercising in the afternoon is better for your heart and helps you live longer than exercising in the morning or evening. This is especially true for older people.(一项涉及9万多人的研究发现，下午锻炼比早晚锻炼更有益心脏，也更有助于长寿，这对老年人来说尤其如此)”可知，下午锻炼对老年人益处最大。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中“Many people wonder when the best time to exercise is.(很多人想知道最佳锻炼时间是什么时候)”以及后文围绕早、晚、下午锻炼的益处展开，结尾总结“最佳时间匹配个人计划与精力”可知，A项“何时是最佳锻炼时间？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Do you like travelling? No matter travelling alone, with friends, or with a tour group, they all have advantages and disadvantages. The best thing about travelling alone is that you can do what you want to do. No waiting around in places you aren’t interested in, no missing a bus because your friend was late. Your experience will be greatly improved by travelling alone. The main worry is loneliness, but believe me, it’s not difficult to talk to and meet people. Just remember everyone is on the same boat; everyone wants to meet new people, have fun and be friendly! There’s a problem of safety in some countries, especially for women travelling alone. You should always check the foreign office of your country for advice on safety. Buying a personal alarm is a good idea for women travelling alone. Travelling with a friend does sound nice, but it depends on how well you get on. If you have similar interests or travel ideas, it should be wonderful. You will find it much cheaper to cook food in developed countries and share a room. However, a lot of people I meet travelling together don’t seem to be having as much fun and often go their separate ways. Tours are great when they go well. Some of my best memories have been with tour groups. The key there is when they go well. A terrible tour guide, quiet group and terrible food can ruin our time. My ad vice would be never to do a tour that is too long especially in countries with safety problems or poor transport. All in all, travelling alone is the best, but it is good to mix it up. Invite a friend from home to meet you for a few weeks. Try a tour or two — some people love them — perhaps start with a day tour. 1．How many ways of travelling are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A．Other travellers have to learn boating with you. B．Other travellers will help you make a boat. C．Other travellers have similar feelings to yours. D．Other travellers will teach you new rules. 3．What’s the author’s suggestion on travelling with friends? A．Don’t be late for the tour bus. B．Always listen to others’ travel ideas. C．Cook food when travelling in developing countries. D．Choose those who have common interests with you. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．We can try different ways of travelling. B．Travelling with friends is more interesting than with a tour. C．It is not necessary to get an alarm when travelling alone. D．A terrible tour guide won’t affect the trip much. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【来源】陕西省西安市经开第三中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期末评价英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种不同的旅行方式（独自旅行、与朋友一起旅行和跟团旅行）的优缺点，并给出了相应的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“No matter travelling alone, with friends, or with a tour group, they all have advantages and disadvantages. (无论是独自旅行，与朋友，或与旅游团，他们都有优点和缺点。)”可知，文中提到了三种旅行方式：独自旅行、与朋友一起旅行和跟团旅行。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文的句子“everyone wants to meet new people, have fun and be friendly! (每个人都想认识新朋友，玩得开心，友好！)”可知，这里的“everyone is on the same boat”意为“处境相同”。也就是其他旅行者和你相似的感受和需求，都想认识新朋友，玩得开心，友好！故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子“If you have similar interests or travel ideas, it should be wonderful. (如果你们有相似的兴趣或旅游想法，那就太棒了。)”可知，作者建议选择与自己有共同兴趣或旅行想法的朋友一起旅行。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“All in all, travelling alone is the best, but it is good to mix it up. (总而言之，独自旅行是最棒的，但偶尔结伴也不错。)”可知，作者认为可以尝试不同的旅行方式。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Salad seeds (生菜种子) that went on a round trip to outer space and back grew at a slightly slower rate than the ones on earth. scientists have found, thanks to thousands of young people who helped conduct an out-of-this-world experiment. The project started in 2015, when British astronaut (宇航员) Tim Peake took a million rocket seeds with him on his journey to the International Space Station(ISS). The seeds spent six months there before they were sent back to Earth in 2016. In a message sent from the ISS, Peake said the science experiment was to find out if the conditions in space affected the seeds’ ability to grow. Around 600, 000 pupils at 8. 600 schools in the UK were then asked to grow the rocket seeds that had been to space, along with regular seeds that had never left the planet. Peake described the experiment as “one of the largest and most inspirational experiments of its kind. ” The results of the study, which have just been published, found that the space seeds grew more slowly than the ones that had stayed on Earth. Researchers on the experiment said this was due to the stresses of space travel, such as the zero-gravity atmosphere and high levels of cosmic rays (宇宙射线), which slowed the growth of the plants. Now researchers are hopeful that if the seeds are properly protected, it might be possible to grow plants during future space tasks to other planets. Dr Jake Chandler, from University of London, who led the study, said, “The possibility of eating home-grown salad on Mars may be one small step closer.” 1．What’s the purpose of the science experiment? A．To complete a round trip to the outer space. B．To produce enough food for astronauts in space. C．To test the effect of space on the growth of seeds. D．To develop young people’s interest in gardening. 2．How did Tim Peake feel about the experiment? A．Disappointing. B．Meaningless. C．Doubtful D．Significant 3．What affected the rocket seeds’ ability to grow according to the researchers? A．The size of the seeds B．The quality of the seeds. C．The condition of the soil D．The stresses of space travel. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Seeds that had never left the earth grew faster B．It will be impossible to eat home-grown salad on Mars C．The result of the experiment had nothing to do with comic rays. D．Pupils were just asked to grow seeds that had never been to space. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【来源】山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了实验表明太空条件会影响生菜种子的生长。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a message sent from the ISS, Peake said the science experiment was to find out if the conditions in space affected the seeds’ ability to grow.(在国际空间站发出的一条信息中，皮克说，这项科学实验是为了找出太空环境是否会影响种子的生长能力)”可知，这个实验的目的是为了测试太空对种子生长的影响。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Peake described the experiment as “one of the largest and most inspirational experiments of its kind.”(皮克将该实验描述为“同类实验中规模最大、最鼓舞人心的实验之一”)”可推知，Peake觉得这次实验是意义重大的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researchers on the experiment said this was due to the stresses of space travel, such as the zero-gravity atmosphere and high levels of cosmic rays, which slowed the growth of the plants.(该实验的研究人员表示，这是由于太空旅行的压力，如零重力大气和高水平的宇宙射线，减缓了植物的生长)”可知，据研究人员称，太空旅行的压力影响了火箭种子的生长能力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The results of the study, which have just been published, found that the space seeds grew more slowly than the ones that had stayed on Earth.(这项刚刚发表的研究结果发现，太空种子的生长速度比留在地球上的种子要慢)”可推知，从未离开过地球的种子长得更快。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Donna Edmonds certainly knows a thing or two about getting children outside of the classroom. Having been a teacher for 23 years, she’s now in charge of Farms For City Children, a program enabling children in cities to explore the farms in the British countryside. Visiting children can take part in the farm tasks: growing and harvesting in the gardens; caring for chickens and looking after the land; and cooking up a home-grown meal in the farmhouse kitchen. Donna’s connection with the charity led to a life-changing experience. She explained, “In November 2000, my headteacher said we’d got this trip going to a farm. I didn’t want to do that. I’m from south London and had no interest in farming.” But the week at Farms For City Children changed Donna’s entire life. Donna said, “Quite honestly, the nature connection gap in our society is embarrassing; there are so many children who haven’t been to the countryside. I remember asking them what cows drank and they replied “milk”. Seeing them fall in love with nature was incredible to my life.” Donna believes there is a strong need for teachers to bring city children into close contact with nature. Farms for City Children was founded in 1976, and it has now embraced a new direction — more children from different backgrounds can get into the countryside and they may one day even make a career from it. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．It praises an excellent teacher. B．It introduces a school program. C．It tells the adventure of a field trip. D．It shows the difficulty in education. 2．What can be inferred about the children in city in paragraph 3? A．They badly need to connect with nature. B．They felt embarrassed in the countryside. C．They are unlikely to fall in love with nature. D．They know nothing about biology knowledge. 3．What benefit may Farms for City Children bring? A．Help with young people’s career plan. B．The right direction of farming development. C．Improvement of children’s school performance. D．Better ways to improve farmers’ living conditions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 【来源】山西省太原市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末学业诊断英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“城市儿童农场”——这是一个让城市的孩子探索英国农村农场的项目。创始人解释成立这个项目的原因以及这个项目的好处。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Donna Edmonds certainly knows a thing or two about getting children outside of the classroom. Having been a teacher for 23 years, she’s now in charge of Farms For City Children, a program enabling children in cities to explore the farms in the British countryside. Visiting children can take part in the farm tasks: growing and harvesting in the gardens; caring for chickens and looking after the land; and cooking up a home-grown meal in the farmhouse kitchen.(Donna Edmonds当然知道如何让孩子走出教室。她已经当了23年的老师，现在负责“城市儿童农场”，这是一个让城市的孩子探索英国农村农场的项目。来访的孩子们可以参加农场活动：在花园里种植和收割；照顾鸡，照料土地;在农舍的厨房里做一顿家常菜)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一个学校项目“城市儿童农场”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Quite honestly, the nature connection gap in our society is embarrassing; there are so many children who haven’t been to the countryside. I remember asking them what cows drank and they replied “milk”. (坦率地说，我们社会的自然联系差距是令人尴尬的;有很多孩子没有去过农村。我记得我问他们奶牛喝什么，他们回答说“牛奶”)”可推知，城市里的孩子们迫切需要亲近自然。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Farms for City Children was founded in 1976, and it has now embraced a new direction — more children from different backgrounds can get into the countryside and they may one day even make a career from it.(城市儿童农场成立于1976年，现在它有了一个新的方向——更多来自不同背景的孩子可以进入农村，甚至有一天他们可能会以此为职业)”可知，城市儿童农场能帮助年轻人的职业规划。故选A。 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省榆林市·期末） Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak (喙) since at least 2012. This makes the parrot look different. But scientists are more surprised at what he can do in spite of his injury. When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand. Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own. Normally these birds use their beaks to keep their feathers (羽毛) clean, but Bruce couldn’t. However, researchers noticed that Bruce had his own way to do it. First, he looks for his tool among pointy small stones. He then rolls a few stones around in his mouth with his tongue until he finds one that he likes. He holds the chosen stone between his tongue and lower beak to pick through his feathers. This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. “It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,” says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many skills. The birds are famous for copying-and perhaps even understanding-human speech. These make the birds seem quite smart. But studying intelligence (智力) is difficult, especially in animals other than humans. Researchers once thought these skills made humans special. But some other animals also practice these skills, such as dolphins and elephants. So do parrots. Even so, parrots may not be an obvious choice for studying human-like intelligence. Parrots’ bodies are very different than ours. Their brains also look quite simple compared to ours. But studies over the last 10 years are highlighting the hidden powers of bird brains. And those powers suggest parrots may be able to teach us about what human-like intelligence is like. 1．What can be learned about Bruce before he lived at Willowbank? A．He was badly hurt. B．He was kept at a zoo. C．He was old enough. D．He was lost in the woods. 2．Which best explains the word “forage” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Cry out for help. B．Turn up in time. C．Search for food. D．Live with others. 3．What can we infer about Bruce? A．He taught himself to use tools. B．He always ran into trouble. C．He failed to build a new home. D．He learnt the skill in the wild. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Taking Action to Protect Parrots B．Knowing Animals’ Survival Skill C．Scientists Raise Young Parrots in the Lab D．Parrots May Be Smarter than We Thought 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【来源】陕西省榆林市八校联考2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一只失去上喙的鹦鹉Bruce学会使用石头来整理自己的羽毛，从而认为鹦鹉可能比我们想象的更聪明。 1．推理判断题题。由文章第一段“Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak (喙) since at least 2012. (至少从2012年开始，Bruce 就失去了喙的上半部分)”以及第二段“When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand.(当它获救时，这只幼鸟，就在它学习飞行的年龄，去了新西兰南部克赖斯特彻奇的Willowbank野生动物保护区生活)”可推知，Bruce在住Willowbank之前受了重伤。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own. (长而尖的喙帮助鹦鹉在树林里找到昆虫。Bruce受伤的喙意味着他不能自己 。)”可知，喙帮助鹦鹉寻找昆虫吃，没有喙它就难以“觅食”，所以猜测forage表“觅食”的意思。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. ‘It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,’ says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world.(这种行为并非来自野外。当Bruce到Willowbank时，它还太小，无法学会这种行为。Willowbank没有其他鸟会这样用石头。研究动物如何理解世界的Amalia Bastos说，‘它似乎只是为自己创造了这个工具。’)”可推知，Bruce自学了如何使用工具。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第六段“Tool use is just one of parrots’ many skills. The birds are famous for copying-and perhaps even understanding-human speech. These make the birds seem quite smart. But studying intelligence (智力) is difficult, especially in animals other than humans.(使用工具只是鹦鹉的众多技能之一。这些鸟以模仿甚至理解人类语言而闻名。这些鸟看起来很聪明。但研究智力是困难的，尤其是在人类以外的动物身上)”以及最后一段中“And those powers suggest parrots may be able to teach us about what human-like intelligence is like.(而这些能力表明，鹦鹉可能能够教会我们关于类似人类的智能是什么样的)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过讲述一只失去上喙的鹦鹉Bruce学会使用石头来整理自己的羽毛，从而说明鹦鹉可能比我们想象的更聪明。故D选项“鹦鹉可能比我们想象的要更聪明”最适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） How much do you love animals? Maybe not as much as photographer Joel Sartore. He is traveling the world to take pictures of as many animals as he can find, which allows people to focus on the beauty and uniqueness of each animal. Sartore is working to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters. And he has already taken nearly 15,000! He hopes his photos will remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered creatures are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone. “My job is to tell their stories and hope that the world cares in time,” he told The Weather Channel in 2023. Sartore calls his project the Photo Ark, like the story of Noah’s Ark, in which a large boat is built to save every type of animal in the world from a flood. He founded the Photo Ark in 2016 in his hometown of Lincoln, Nebraska. He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights. This helps him photograph their true colors, and lets people see a little mouse as clearly as a big elephant and look each animal right in the eye. “When people connect to animals through eye contact, we have got a real chance at changing human behavior,” Sartore says. The project has been well received. Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. He asks people to buy his books and photos, give money to the Photo Ark, and support zoos, aquariums and wildlife shelters near where they live. 1．What is the purpose of Sartore’s project? A．To help sell his photos. B．To help save animals in danger. C．To meet his own interest in animals. D．To offer another way to learn about animals. 2．What can be known about Sartore’s photos of the animals in Paragraph 4? A．They are black and white. B．They are about animals in danger. C．They are taken in a natural condition. D．They are taken in a designed environment. 3．What is people’s attitude towards Sartore’s project? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Negative. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Profile of a Traveling Photographer. B．The Art of Studio Photography for Animals. C．Saving Endangered Species: One Photo at a Time. D．The History of Noah’s Ark and Animal Protection. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【来源】陕西省西安市西北工业大学附属中学2025-2026学年高一上学期大练习英语试卷（2） 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了摄影师乔尔·萨托雷为了保护濒危动物，在世界各地旅行，尽可能多地拍摄他能找到的动物，这让人们专注于每只动物的美丽和独特性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He hopes his photos will remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered creatures are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone.(他希望他的照片能提醒人们这些地球上最濒危的生物所处的处境，并在它们消失之前把它们记录下来)”可知，Sartore这个项目的目的是挽救濒危动物。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights.(然而，他不只是在通常的动物园环境中拍摄动物照片。他把每只动物放在黑色或白色的背景上，用工作室的灯)”可知，萨托雷的动物照片是在人造环境中拍摄的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. He asks people to buy his books and photos, give money to the Photo Ark, and support zoos, aquariums and wildlife shelters near where they live.(萨托雷在网上有160多万粉丝，并出版了一系列最畅销的“影像方舟”丛书。他要求人们购买他的书籍和照片，向“影像方舟”捐款，并支持他们居住地附近的动物园、水族馆和野生动物庇护所)”可推知，人们对Sartore的项目持支持态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sartore is working to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters.(萨托雷正在为生活在世界上动物园、水族馆和野生动物收容所的所有2万种不同类型的动物拍照)”结合全文内容主要说明了摄影师乔尔·萨托雷为了保护濒危动物，在世界各地旅行，尽可能多地拍摄他能找到的动物，这让人们专注于每只动物的美丽和独特性。可知，C选项“拯救濒危物种：一次一张照片”最符合作为文章标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） For more than 140 years, fishers in Laguna, Brazil have formed an unusual partnership with local dolphins. As soon as the fishers spot a dolphin waving its tail, lifting its head, and diving deeply, they race into the water with their nets. Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation and that the animals may be guiding the people. They pay close attention to the humans, timing their actions to maximize their catch. Over the years, dolphins have been showing the fishers “where to stand and when to get ready to throw their nets” in the dark waters. It’s almost as if the dolphins are training the humans. As much as the fishers were watching the dolphins, the dolphins were also watching the fishers, the study found. Both species must time their actions correctly to catch fish. The people wait with their nets at the ready for a dolphin to approach closely. When a dolphin sees a ready fisher, the animal will give a tip, usually that deep dive, which tells the fisher the mullet (鲻鱼) are right there and it’s time to cast their net. Sometimes, either dolphin or fisher will respond incorrectly, and neither catches fish. Yet, the scientists reported that of nearly 3,000 recorded fishing attempts, nearly 46% were successful. To ensure this accuracy, fishers must understand the dolphins’ tips, learning them over time. Even it can say, “The dolphins are almost like teachers.” Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, rushing fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline. The same fate likely faces the Laguna dolphins if the mullet numbers, which have dropped over the past decade because of overfishing, continue to decline. The practice may escape such a fate, if Brazil regards this dolphin-fisher relationship a cultural heritage, as the scientists propose. “Without mullet,” the expert says, “this partnership will end.” 1．How do the dolphins guide the fishers to catch the fish? A．They constantly attack fish. B．They use body languages. C．They make strange voices. D．They pull the nets. 2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? A．Introduce a new topic for discussion. B．Provide suggestions for the readers. C．Share some interesting facts about dolphins. D．Conclude the previous paragraphs. 3．What can we learn about the dolphin-fisher relationship in Laguna? A．It has completely disappeared. B．It develops friendly. C．It needs to be protected. D．It becomes useless and meaningless. 4．In which column of the newspaper can we read the passage? A．Art. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Animals. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【来源】陕西省西安市长安区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴西拉古纳的海豚能够与渔民合作，帮助渔民捕鱼，一项针对这种合作关系的研究显示海豚在其中是心甘情愿的伙伴，充当引导的角色，但是世界范围内这种海豚与渔民之间的合作正在逐渐减少，专家呼吁巴西方面将海豚与渔民的关系视为一种文化遗产，保护这种合作关系的延续。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As soon as the fishers spot a dolphin waving its tail, lifting its head, and diving deeply, they race into the water with their nets. (渔民们一发现海豚摇着尾巴，抬起头，潜入水中，他们就会拿着渔网冲进水里)”可知，海豚通过使用肢体动作引导渔民捕鱼。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Other populations of dolphins have also been known to cooperate with human fishers, rushing fish toward shore or into nets off eastern Australia, Mauritania, and Southeast Asia. But these practices have either disappeared or are in decline. (据了解，其他海豚种群也会与人类渔民合作，在澳大利亚东部、毛里塔尼亚和东南亚海域，它们会把鱼赶向海岸或渔网。但这些做法要么已经消失，要么正在减少)”可知，此处提到海豚和与渔民合作，帮助渔民捕鱼的做法在其他地方也存在，且这种做法在逐渐消失。由此可知，作者是想借本段引出下一段涉及的保护的新话题。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The same fate likely faces the Laguna dolphins if the mullet numbers, which have dropped over the past decade because of overfishing, continue to decline. The practice may escape such a fate, if Brazil regards this dolphin-fisher relationship a cultural heritage, as the scientists propose. (如果鲻鱼的数量继续减少，拉古纳海豚可能面临同样的命运。在过去的十年里，由于过度捕捞，鲻鱼的数量一直在下降。如果巴西像科学家们提议的那样，将海豚与渔民的关系视为一种文化遗产，这种做法可能会逃脱这样的命运)”可知，如果不珍视海豚与渔民之间的这种关系，拉古纳海豚将面临消失的命运。由此可知，这种关系需要被保护。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“For more than 140 years, fishers in Laguna, Brazil have formed an unusual partnership with local dolphins. (140多年来，巴西拉古纳的渔民与当地海豚建立了一种不同寻常的伙伴关系)”和“Now, a new study suggests the dolphins are willing partners in this cooperation and that the animals may be guiding the people. (现在，一项新的研究表明，海豚在这种合作中是心甘情愿的伙伴，动物可能会引导人们)”可知，文章介绍了巴西拉古纳的海豚能够与渔民合作，帮助渔民捕鱼，展示了一项针对这种合作关系的研究的结果，并呼吁巴西方面将海豚与渔民的关系视为一种文化遗产，保护这种合作关系的延续。因此，文章主要与人与动物之间的关系相关，可能出自报纸的动物栏目。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省安康市·期末） You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 1．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 2．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【来源】陕西省安康市第二高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect ( 尊重 ) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you.”（首先，很多专业摄影师尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。只要记住，你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。）可知，对动物拍照时要尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。第三段中“You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young.”（在给他们拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。）可知，拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。据此可知，选项B、C和D错误；第四段中“Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. （把相机的闪光灯调到自然光，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。）”可推知，给动物拍照时，关掉闪光灯，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness.”（考虑一下天气;有些动物在下雨的时候不出去，而有些动物喜欢下雨。因此，对天气做一点研究不会有坏处。你应该考虑在日出之后和日落之前拍照。现在，如果动物在夜间活动，那么你不仅要准备好与野生动物作战，还要准备好与黑暗作战。）可知，要拍摄动物的照片，提前考虑天气和拍照时间是必要的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead.”（野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备，有专家为你做后盾，还要有拍照的许可证。如果你没有这些，那么也许你应该考虑去动物园。）可知，野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备。可推知，野外探险会有危险的，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules.”（你可能会被野生动物的照片所吸引。你可能会想象自己在拍城市里很少见到的动物。如果你有这样的机会，你可能会考虑以下建议或规则。）可知，本段作为文章的主题段落，主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。因而，本文的写作目的是给大家一些建议。故选C。 主题03 人与自我—— 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省汉中市·期末） To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books. Yet one may be at a loss to choose the right books, especially as a beginner. As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time. My enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. No long and complicated sentences. And I particularly liked his brief and straightforward (简洁的) style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you’d better choose contemporary novels instead of classical ones. However, if you limit yourself to novels you will miss a lot of treasures. English essays can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell’s work. His simple language enables his philosophy within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion — essays are necessary. Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine by ourselves. As a saying goes, “One man’s meat is another man’s poison”. With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English. 1．What made the first English novel that the author read hard to understand? A．Complicated conversations. B．Sentences and Austen’s thinking style. C．The old-fashioned vocabulary. D．Not knowing the social background. 2．Which word can best describe the author’s first English novel reading experience? A．Enjoyable. B．Unique. C．Terrible. D．Inspirational. 3．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be affected by others’ ideas easily. B．Read books that are instructive. C．Choose books that challenge us most. D．Compare books before buying. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．Give comments on literature works. B．Tell beginners how to choose English books. C．Encourage people to read more English books. D．Recommend first class books to English learners. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【来源】陕西省汉中市汉台区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择适合自己的英文读物，作者给出了自己的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen makes sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too hard for me at that time.(困扰我的不是那些词汇，而是奥斯汀造句的方式，以及她的思维方式，这在当时对我来说似乎太难了)”可知，作者的第一本英文读物《傲慢与偏见》的句子结构和作者简·奥斯汀的思维方式使作者很难读懂这本书。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“My first English novel was Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, recommended by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But my experience was somewhat disastrous. I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it.(我的第一本英文小说是简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》，许多英语老师和教授都推荐它为英语学习者的理想读物。但我的经历有些灾难性。我很难理解这部小说，更不用说欣赏它了)”可知，“糟糕可怕”最能描述作者第一次读英语小说的经历。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Never follow others’ suggestions and opinions blindly, however famous or influential (有很大影响的) the person might be. We should be open to various ideas, but always think and determine for ourselves. As a saying goes, “one man’s meat is another man’s poison.”(永远不要盲目听从别人的建议和意见，不管这个人多么有名或有影响力。我们应该对各种各样的想法持开放态度，但总是为自己思考和决定。俗话说，“一个人的美味是另一个人的毒药”)”可知，作者在最后一段建议我们要自己做决定，不要盲目听从别人的建议，不要受别人选择的影响。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“To develop one’s taste in English, the most effective way is to read a wide variety of English books.(要培养一个人的英语品味，最有效的方法是阅读各种各样的英语书籍)”和“As a native Spanish, I would like to share some of my experience. (作为一个土生土长的西班牙人, 我想分享一些我的经验)”，以最后一段中“With that in mind, we are bound to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English.(记住这一点，我们一定会通过阅读找到我们最喜欢的作家，培养我们的英语品味)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉初学者如何选择英语读物。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏西夏区·期末） Sunday Bakeshop in Oakland, California, makes foods that mix American and Asian cultures. The restaurant makes foods that are cooked or baked in an oven. Many of them are sweet. For example, the shop sells something called a dim sum cookie. It looks like a sugar cookie but has sesame (芝麻) seeds on top and sweetened red beans inside. Dim sum is a word for Cantonese foods from southern China. The dim sum cookie is Elaine Lau’s way of honoring her grandmother who would make a kind of food that had a similar taste. Lau’s restaurant also makes Chinese White Rabbit candy cookies. Those sweets would not be found in any bakery in Asia but are a mixture of Asian and Western foods. Lau said she speaks to Asian Americans and others at her store. She said:“We get a lot of comments, for example, ‘The cookies are just like little lovely kitties and puppies.’ ‘Oh this took me back to several years ago when I was growing up.’” She added that it was nice to create good memories and feelings with her pastries (糕点). Bakeries that combine the feeling of growing-up Asians and Americans have been opening up more often in recent years. Traditional Asian ingredients are being mixed with European or American pastries into something new. The creations are a way for young Asian Americans to celebrate their identity. “Older traditional Asian bakeries make foods that immigrants (移民) miss from their home country. The new bakeries celebrate Asian culture and are part of a natural progression,”said Robert Ku, who is an Asian American studies professor at Binghamton University in New York state. He also wrote the book Dubious Gastronomy: The Cultural Politics of Eating Asian in the USA. “The bakers are showing that their foods, which mix cultures, are just as American as apple pie. It’s sort of the artistic side of Asian American identity that’s often ignored,” Ku said. “They’re instead really trying to fuse things together.” 1．What does Lau think of her work? A．Tiring. B．Demanding. C．Confusing. D．Valuable. 2．What are the older traditional Asian bakeries trying to do? A．Create a new way of showing their identities. B．Celebrate the Asian culture in foreign countries. C．Remind the immigrants of their hometown flavor. D．Introduce young Asian Americans to new culture. 3．What does the underlined word “fuse” in the last paragraph mean? A．Combine. B．Improve. C．Invent. D．Consume. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Asian American Cookies Become American’s Favorite Food B．Varieties of New Asian Foods Are Created by American Cooks C．Asian American Bakeries Mix Together Cultures to Create New Foods D．Traditional Asian Food Becomes Popular with American Young People 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【来源】宁夏西夏区宁夏育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章以加州奥克兰市的Sunday面包店为例，讲述了很多亚裔美国人的面包店将亚洲文化融合在一起，创造出新的食物。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“She said: “We get a lot of comments, for example, ‘The cookies are just like little lovely kitties and puppies.’ ‘Oh this took me back to several years ago when I was growing up.’” She added that it was nice to create good memories and feelings with her pastries (糕点).(她说：“我们收到了很多评论，比如，‘这些饼干就像可爱的小猫和小狗。’‘哦，这让我想起了几年前我成长的时候。’”她补充说，用她的糕点创造美好的回忆和感情是很好的)”可知，Lau认为她的工作是有价值的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Older traditional Asian bakeries make foods that immigrants (移民) miss from their home country.(古老的传统亚洲面包店制作的食物是移民们想念的祖国的食物。)”可知，更古老的传统亚洲面包尽力让移民们想起家乡的味道。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“The bakers are showing that their foods, which mix cultures, are just as American as apple pie.(面包师们在向人们展示，他们的食物融合了不同的文化，就像苹果派一样具有美国特色)”可知，面包师们在向人们展示，他们的食物融合了不同的文化，由此推知划线词所在句意为“相反，他们真的在努力把事情融合在一起”，fuse意为“（使）融合”，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Sunday Bakeshop in Oakland, California, makes foods that mix American and Asian cultures.(加州奥克兰市的Sunday面包店制作混合了美国和亚洲文化的食物)”和第三段“Bakeries that combine the feeling of growing-up Asians and Americans have been opening up more often in recent years. Traditional Asian ingredients are being mixed with European or American pastries into something new. The creations are a way for young Asian Americans to celebrate their identity.(近年来，融合了亚洲人和美国人成长感觉的面包店越来越多。传统的亚洲原料正与欧洲或美国的糕点混合成一种新的东西。这些作品是年轻的亚裔美国人庆祝他们身份的一种方式)”可知，文章以加州奥克兰市的Sunday面包店为例，讲述了很多亚裔美国人的面包店将亚洲文化融合在一起，创造出新的食物，故选C。 主题01 人与社会—— 人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省西安市·期末） Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. Studies reveal that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average! Some of this usage may be related to work. However, much of it is because many apps — particularly social media apps — use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more. One of such techniques is to push notifications. You’re getting on with your work or something else when — ping! — a notification pops up on your screen, informing you that a friend has posted something new or commented on your post. It may seem like a small interruption, but it often is enough to break your concentration and make you go back to your phone again. Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. Therefore, keeping one’s streak alive becomes a major reason to return to the app again and again. Once you’ve opened an app, its goal is now to get you continue using it. Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. Have you ever noticed that in some apps, three dots (…) appear to let you know your friend is typing a reply? This trick is designed specifically to create your expectation or curiosity. You wonder what your friend is going to say. Well, you’ll have to keep waiting and see. While using social media apps is certainly fun, becoming addicted definitely isn’t. Now that you know some tricks used by these apps’ designers, you’ll be better equipped to reduce their influence and keep a healthier relationship with your phone. 1．What does the underlined word “reveal” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Encourage. B．Predict. C．Prevent. D．Show. 2．What is special about an app using streaks? A．Ongoing pings will inform you of new posts. B．Competitive games will greatly discourage you. C．Everyday use of the app might earn you a medal. D．Appearance of three dots might disturb your typing. 3．There are “clever techniques” mentioned in the passage. A．two B．three C．four D．five 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Tricks That Keep You Glued to Your Phone. B．Can People Break Their Addition to Games? C．Could Technology Further Improve Phones? D．The Social Media Apps That Waste Your Time. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【来源】陕西省西安市长安区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们常常查看手机是因为许多应用程序运用了消息推送通知等“巧妙的技术”，让我们离不开手机，同时提醒我们在知道了这些技术后，学会减少它们的影响，与我们的手机保持更健康的关系。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Do you ever get restless if you haven’t checked your phone for a few minutes? If so, you’re not alone. (你有没有因为几分钟不看手机而感到不安？如果是这样，你并不孤单)”可知，作者先用问题的形式引出话题，表明很多人都会因为几分钟不看手机而感到不安，再结合画线词的下文“that people these days check their phones once every four minutes on average (现在的人平均每四分钟看一次手机)”可推知，此处作者用相关研究的结果来支持上文提到的现象，指的应该是研究“表明”这样的情况，画线词的意思应该与show“表明，显示”一致。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some apps, for example, uses streaks (连续纪录), which count the number of days you have used the app. If you keep a streak going, you might get a medal or some other rewards. (例如，一些应用程序使用连续纪录，计算你使用应用程序的天数。如果你连续使用，你可能会获得奖牌或其他奖励)”可知，使用连续记录的应用程序的特别之处是每天使用应用程序可能会为你赢得奖牌。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of such techniques is to push notifications. (其中一种技术就是推送通知)”、第三段中“Another method is to make a game of the in-app experience by setting up a competitive goal element. (另一种方法是通过设置竞争性目标元素来创造一款应用程序内部体验的游戏)”和第四段中“Messaging apps use a simple but effective trick to keep you engaged even when you’re not writing anything. (即时通讯软件使用了一个简单但有效的技巧，即使你没有写任何东西，也能让你保持参与)”可知，文章共提到了三种巧妙的技术。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“However, much of it is because many apps — particularly social media apps — use “clever techniques” to keep us coming back for more. (然而，这在很大程度上是因为许多应用程序——尤其是社交媒体应用程序——使用了“巧妙的技术”，让我们不断回头获得更多)”可知，文章主要介绍了我们常常查看手机的原因，这是因为许多应用程序运用了消息推送通知等“巧妙的技术”，让我们离不开手机，同时文章提醒我们在知道了这些技术后，学会减少它们的影响，与我们的手机保持更健康的关系。因此，A项“使你离不开手机的技巧”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·山西省吕梁市·期末） Most students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results, they feel that their 1Q is what determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change this fact. However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are. your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their EQ might actually count more than their IQ. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life. The good news is that most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Compared with IQ that seems to be fixed the moment you were born, EQ could be improved with right approaches. Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person’s EQ, especially when it comes to “people’s skills”, such as understanding and communication. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way. This requires a high EQ —the higher, the better. 1．Why do most students think others have a better performance? A．Because they have a higher EQ. B．Because their teachers help them. C．Because they have more luck. D．Because they have a higher IQ. 2．What does the underlined word “count” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Sum. B．Matter. C．List. D．Name 3．What will people with a high EQ usually do? A．They don’t accept new ideas B．They are troubled by problems. C．They get along well with others D．They have negative attitudes 4．As for EQ, which would the author agree with: A．It is fixed the moment we were born. B．It has little connection with education. C．It can be improved with right methods D．It will surely lead to an unsuccessful life. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【来源】山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题 【导语】本文是说明文。主要论述情商比智商更重要，智商只表明一个是多么聪明，而情商则是决定一个人未来成功与否的关键。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change this fact. (当他们看到其他学生比他们做得更好时，他们通常会认为那些学生的智商更高，而且他们无法改变这一事实。)”可知，大多数学生认为别人在学习中的表现更好是因为高智商。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. (例如，你有没有想过为什么你班上一些最聪明的学生，你认为他们应该得到好成绩，有时却考试不及格？也许他们的失败是因为他们的情商低。)”可推断，情商实际上可能比智商更重要，划线词的含义为“重要”。A. Sum总结，概括；B. Matter要紧，有重大影响；C. List列清单；D. Name命名。故选B。 3． 推理判断题。根据第三段的“On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time surviving in life. ( 另一方面，毫无疑问，具有低情商的人经常难以与他人相处和处理困难的情况；因此，他们在生活中更难生存)”可推断，高情商的人会与他人友好相处。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The good news is that most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Compared with IQ that seems to be fixed the moment you were born, EQ could be improved with right approaches.(好消息是，大多数社会科学家都一致认为，情商与教育有很大关系。与你一出生就能固定下来的智商相比，情商可以通过正确的方法得到提高。)”可知，大多数社会科学家认为教育有助于提高情商。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·山西省晋中市·期末） Imagine flying over the city in an electric-powered aircraft that has no pilot but can take you from point A to point B in minutes. Sounds like science fiction, right? Well, not anymore. China-based Ehang has become the world’s first company to be officially allowed to fly passengers in its pilotless air taxis. Ehang’s air taxis can carry up to two passengers and can fly at speeds of up to 130 km/h and distances of up to 28 km. Passengers can simply select their destination( 目 的 地 )on a touch screen inside the cabin and enjoy the ride without worrying about piloting the aircraft. The taxis do not require airports or runways. They can take off and land vertically( 垂 直 地 ) from any flat surface, such as a rooftop, park or car park. They can be fully charged in two hours and have low noise levels. They also have some necessary things, such as backup batteries, propellers, emergency landing systems and parachutes in case anything goes wrong. They could change how we travel around big cities—imagine using them to avoid traffic jams, save time to work or school, or get to places that are hard to reach by car or public transport. And beyond just moving people, the aircraft can be used for delivering goods, such as packages, medical supplies or food. During natural disasters such as bushfires or foods, air taxis could transport much-needed medical staff, equipment or medicines to the scene quickly and safely. Ehang’s air taxis need to follow the laws and rules of different countries and regions where they might operate. One big challenge will be gaining the trust of the public and persuading passengers they are safe while flying. To do this, Ehang will educate passengers about the benefits and risks of using its taxis while also dealing with possible problems. 1．Why is science fiction mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To prove air taxis are not real. B．To show air taxis are advanced. C．To express people’s love for air taxis. D．To provide scientific facts about air taxis! 2．Which is an advantage of air taxis? A．They are less noisy. B．They use less energy. C．They can land anywhere. D．They are less expensive. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about air taxis? A．Their possible problems. B．Their wide popularity. C．Their key functions. D．Their simple design. 4．What’s the passengers’ main concern over air taxis? A．Price. B．Speed. C．Management. D．Safety. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【来源】山西省晋中市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末调研英语试题 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国的Ehang（亿航）空中出租车。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine flying over the city in an electric-powered aircraft that has no pilot but can take you from point A to point B in minutes. Sounds like science fiction, right? Well, not anymore.(想象一下，一架没有飞行员的电动飞行器在城市上空飞行，但可以在几分钟内把你从A点带到B点。听起来像科幻小说，对吧？现在不是了)”可推知，第一段提及科幻小说是为了证明空中出租车是不真实的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They can be fully charged in two hours and have low noise levels.(它们可以在两个小时内充满电，而且噪音很低)”可知，空中出租车有更少的噪音。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“They could change how we travel around big cities—imagine using them to avoid traffic jams, save time to work or school, or get to places that are hard to reach by car or public transport. And beyond just moving people, the aircraft can be used for delivering goods, such as packages, medical supplies or food. During natural disasters such as bushfires or foods, air taxis could transport much-needed medical staff, equipment or medicines to the scene quickly and safely.(它们可以改变我们在大城市的出行方式——想象一下，使用它们可以避免交通堵塞，节省上班或上学的时间，或者到达汽车或公共交通工具难以到达的地方。除了运送人员，这种飞行器还可以用来运送货物，比如包裹、医疗用品或食品。在发生森林大火或食品等自然灾害时，空中出租车可以快速安全地将急需的医务人员、设备或药品运送到现场)”可知，文章第五段介绍了空中出租车的主要功能。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“One big challenge will be gaining the trust of the public and persuading passengers they are safe while flying.(一个巨大的挑战将是赢得公众的信任，并说服乘客它们在飞行时是安全的)”可知，乘客对空中出租车的主要担忧是安全性。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一上·陕西省咸阳市·期末） Five seconds are left on the clock. The ball is passed from one player to another. The athletes move quickly past opponents (对手). In the final second, a player scores the winning goal. What sets this match apart? The players are in wheelchairs. Wheelchair rugby is played in more than 25 countries around the world, with men and women competing equally. It is also a sport in the Summer Paralympics, the world’s second-largest sporting event after the Olympics. The sport’s rules and equipment are different from traditional rugby, which has 15 players on an outdoor field and kicking methods that are similar to football in the United States. Wheelchair rugby is played indoors on a small hardwood court. Only four players from each 10-member team are on the court at the same time. In wheelchair rugby, the ball is smaller than a traditional rugby ball and round instead of oval (椭圆形). This makes it easier to carry on one’s knee. It’s also easier to catch, which is important because some players struggle with hand movements. In wheelchair rugby, the aim is to carry the ball across the goal line. Instead of kicking other players along the way, the athletes crash with each other in order to kick the ball out. In New Zealand, the All Blacks, the traditional rugby team, are widely known. But not everyone knows about the Wheel Blacks, who travel across the country and internationally to compete. Members of this great team won the gold medal in the 2004 Paralympic Games and the third medal in the 2019 Asia-Oceania Championships. The team captain encourages everyone to find a sport they love, no matter what limitations they may have. “In any sport that you’re wanting to try,” he said, “just go for it. Don’t be afraid to push the limit.” 1．What is special about the match introduced in the text? A．It is very competitive. B．There’s something wrong with the players’ bodies. C．Men and women compete together. D．It receives great attention. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The history of the game. B．The traditional rugby. C．Different rugby balls. D．Differences between two kinds of sports. 3．What happens during the wheelchair rugby? A．Athletes never carry the ball. B．Athletes break the rules a lot. C．Athletes knock into each other. D．Athletes kick other players wildly. 4．What does the captain encourage others to do? A．Face limitations and do the sport they love. B．Try their best in the sport to win an honor. C．Do more exercise to keep healthy. D．Take part in different sports if they have time. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【来源】陕西省咸阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了轮椅橄榄球比赛中的特别之处及其比赛规则。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“What sets this match apart? The players are in wheelchairs.(是什么让这场比赛与众不同？运动员们坐在轮椅上。)”可知，文章中介绍的比赛的特别之处是运动员的身体都有问题。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“The sport’s rules and equipment are different from traditional rugby, which has 15 players on an outdoor field and kicking methods that are similar to football in the United States.(这项运动的规则和设备与传统橄榄球不同，传统橄榄球有15名球员在室外场地上比赛，踢法与美国的足球相似。)”可知，第三段主要是讲这项活动和传统橄榄球的不同。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Instead of kicking other players along the way, the athletes crash with each other in order to kick the ball out.(运动员们不是在路上踢其他球员，而是互相碰撞，以便把球踢出去。)”可知，在轮椅橄榄球比赛中运动员会互相碰撞。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The team captain encourages everyone to find a sport they love, no matter what limitations they may have.(队长鼓励每个人都去找一项自己喜欢的运动，不管他们有什么限制。)”可知，队长鼓励别人面对限制，并做自己喜欢的运动。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川·期末） Screen time before bedtime may leave people feeling sleepy in the morning. Cell phones, computers and TVs emit (发出) blue light. And exposure to that bluish light during the two hours before bed can keep us from getting a good night’s rest, a new study finds. It cuts down on the length of people’s sleep. It also leaves them feeling tired in the morning and can disrupt the body clock. Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need. Green and his team surveyed 19 people — all in their 20s — for a sleep study. All spent two hours on a computer right before bedtime. But they didn’t all experience the same light exposure. Looking at screens that gave off intense blue light cut someone’s sleep by about 16 minutes, compared to when they had used screens with red light. Those exposed to blue light also woke up more often at night than if they had been exposed to red light. “The normal blue light emissions from the computer screen also affect how much melatonin (褪黑素) each volunteer makes. It is released into our blood around 9 p.m. When our bodies make less melatonin, we may still feel too alert at bedtime to fall asleep when the body is tired. And body temperature won’t drop as expected after we use devices emitting lots of blue light. Using screens before bed damages the body’s biological clock,” Green says. “More and more kids are using screens nowadays. Sleep is important, especially during the first few years of life when ‘neural plasticity’ (神经可塑性) is at its greatest. Their brains are still developing the ability to learn and pay attention. That makes the new results worrisome,” Green says. Rahman says that the new work makes a good point about how blue light from screens can be bad for our bodies. However, he points out, the light in this study is extremely bright. It is far brighter than what a normal computer, tablet or TV will emit. Still, Rahman says the results remind us to think about how we should use screens before bed. 1．The blue light from the screens may cause people to ________. A．tend to work at night B．get attentive in the morning C．be less sleepy before bed time D．be affected less by the body clock 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．People’s concern about light exposure. B．A study on blue light’s effects on sleep. C．Reasons for blue light’s effects on sleep. D．Effects of various types of light on sleep. 3．What can be implied from Green’s remarks? A．Melatonin may affect people’s neural plasticity. B．Blue light may affect children’s brain development. C．Exposure to normal screen has little impact on sleep. D．The low temperature of body helps produce melatonin. 4．What’s Rahman’s possible attitude towards the Green’s study? A．Uncaring. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Critical. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【来源】宁夏银川一中2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了屏幕发出的强烈的蓝光对人们睡眠质量的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need.(数据显示，这种蓝光往往会让我们在晚上更警觉，让我们更难得到所需的休息)”可知，夜晚在屏幕的蓝光下会让人们更清醒，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Green and his team surveyed 19 people — all in their 20s — for a sleep study. All spent two hours on a computer right before bedtime. But they didn’t all experience the same light exposure. Looking at screens that gave off intense blue light cut someone’s sleep by about 16 minutes, compared to when they had used screens with red light. Those exposed to blue light also woke up more often at night than if they had been exposed to red light.(Green和他的团队调查了19名20多岁的人进行睡眠研究。他们都在睡觉前花了两个小时在电脑上。但它们并不是都经历了相同的光照。与使用红光屏幕的人相比，看发出强烈蓝光的屏幕会使他们的睡眠时间缩短约16分钟。那些暴露在蓝光下的人也比暴露在红光下的人更经常在晚上醒来)”可知，本段介绍了Green小组关于蓝光对睡眠的研究的影响，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Data shows that this blue light tends to make us more alert at night, making it harder to get all the rest we need.(数据显示，这种蓝光往往会让我们在晚上更警觉，让我们更难得到所需的休息)”根据第三段中“More and more kids are using screens nowadays. Sleep is important, especially during the first few years of life when ‘neural plasticity’ (神经可塑性) is at its greatest. Their brains are still developing the ability to learn and pay attention.(现在越来越多的孩子使用屏幕。睡眠很重要，特别是在生命的最初几年，‘神经可塑性’处于最佳状态。他们的大脑仍在发展学习和集中注意力的能力)”可知，蓝光可能会影响孩子大脑的发育，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Rahman says that the new work makes a good point about how blue light from screens can be bad for our bodies. However, he points out, the light in this study is extremely bright.(Rahman说，这项新研究很好地说明了屏幕发出的蓝光是如何对我们的身体有害的。然而，他指出，这项研究中的光线非常明亮)”可知，Rahman对Green的研究持客观态度，故选C。 主题02 人与自然—— 自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一上·山西省太原市·期末） Veery, a small songbird only weighing about 30 grams, will migrate thousands of miles south —from North America, across the ocean, to South America in summer. No doubt it’s a perilous journey. Some of those birds may never make it if a hurricane(飓风) happens. But a study published in the journal Scientific Reports in 2018 showed that when the veeries begin to leave the north is closely related to the coming of the Atlantic hurricane season. The little birds try not to be destroyed by the possible hurricanes. “During bad years, the birds would shorten their breeding (繁殖) season in the north and head down to South America earlier than usual. In this way, most of the birds survived. It makes sense that they have figured it out somehow.” says Christopher Heckscher, an ecologist at Delaware State University. Exactly, how the veeries “predict” hurricane seasons may partly result from small changes in climate like El Niio (厄尔尼诺) events. During El Niio years, the ocean water is warmer than average, and produces winds that more effectively weaken hurricanes, bringing down the number of hurricanes. The little birds are usually smart enough to sense this and make a wise decision to migrate. With these changes, rainfall in veery habitat (栖息地) may differ. When more rain falls, more fruit could be available. This change in diet may help the veery return to North America in a better shape and also enjoy a longer breeding season back home. Heckscher says although it’s too early to determine what the birds are predicting for future Atlantic hurricane seasons, veeries have been just as good, and in one case better than meteorological (气象) models in predicting hurricanes. 1．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Dangerous. B．Unfamiliar. C．Beneficial. D．Powerful. 2．What have scientists discovered about the veery migration? A．It brings the climate change. B．It explains why hurricanes happen. C．It often occurs later than other migrant birds’. D．It is influenced by the possible hurricane season. 3．What may happen to veeries during El Niio years? A．They seek for more food. B．They meet more hurricanes. C．They don't fly back to the north. D．They become stronger for breeding. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Veery: Beating Climate Models B．Veery: A Natural Predictor of Hurricanes C．El Nino: Destroying Vecries' Migration D．Christopher Heckscher: A Famous Ecologist 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【来源】山西省太原市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末学业诊断英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种叫Veery的小鸣禽，它们会在夏天从北美向南迁徙到达南美洲，并且它们可以预测飓风，努力避免被飓风摧毁。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词句后文“Some of those birds may never make it if a hurricane (飓风) happens. (如果飓风来了，其中一些鸟可能永远也活不下来。)”可知，飓风对于这些鸟儿来说很危险，从而推知划线词句“No doubt it’s a perilous journey.”意为“ 毫无疑问，这是一次危险的旅程”，即划线部分意思是“危险的”。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But a study published in the journal Scientific Reports in 2018 showed that when the veeries begin to leave the north is closely related to the coming of the Atlantic hurricane season. The little birds try not to be destroyed by the possible hurricanes. (但2018年发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一项研究表明，这种小鸣禽开始离开北方的时间与大西洋飓风季节的到来密切相关。这些小鸟努力不被可能到来的飓风摧毁。)”可知，科学家们发现这种小鸣禽的迁徙受到可能的飓风季节的影响。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During El Niio years, the ocean water is warmer than average, and produces winds that more effectively weaken hurricanes, bringing down the number of hurricanes. The little birds are usually smart enough to sense this and make a wise decision to migrate. With these changes, rainfall in veery habitat(栖息地) may differ. When more rain falls, more fruit could be available. This change in diet may help the veery return to North America in a better shape and also enjoy a longer breeding season back home. (在厄尔尼诺年份，海水比平均温度高，产生的风更有效地削弱了飓风，减少了飓风的数量。这种小鸟通常很聪明，能感觉到这一点，并做出明智的迁徙决定。由于这些变化，每个小鸣禽栖息地的降雨量可能会有所不同。雨水越多，水果就越多。这种饮食上的改变可能会帮助这种小鸣禽以更好的体型返回北美，也可以享受更长的繁殖季节。)”可知，在厄尔尼诺年份，这种小鸣禽为了繁殖而变得更强壮。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Veery, a small songbird only weighing about 30 grams, will migrate thousands of miles south —from North America, across the ocean, to South America in summer.( Veery ，一种体重只有30克左右的小鸣禽，会在夏天从北美向南迁徙数千英里，跨越海洋，到达南美洲。)”和最后一段中“Heckscher says although it's too early to determine what the birds are predicting for future Atlantic hurricane seasons, veeries have been just as good, and in one case better than meteorological (气象) models in predicting hurricanes. (Heckscher说，虽然现在确定这些鸟类对未来大西洋飓风季节的预测还为时过早，但在预测飓风方面，它们的预测效果一样好，在某种情况下甚至比气象模型更好。)”可知，本文介绍了一种叫Veery的小鸣禽，它们会在夏天从北美向南迁徙到达南美洲，并且它们可以预测飓风，努力避免被飓风摧毁。B项“Veery：飓风的自然预测器”符合文章主题，故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一上·青海省西宁市·期末） A Love of Gardening “If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.” These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built. This is what started the British love of gardening! Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening. For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest. Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality. As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things? And if you’re in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose… A thistle cannot grow.” 1．What inspired the British to create their own private gardens? A．A rise in earnings. B．The call of the government. C．The publication of The Secret Garden. D．The competition among neighbors. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How to build a garden well. B．Where is suitable for building gardens. C．When is the right time to do gardening. D．How the private garden is enjoyed by the British. 3．Why is it difficult for the British living in cities to build private gardens? A．They don’t have free time. B．They don’t have enough space. C．They lack gardening knowledge. D．They are not allowed to do so by law. 4．What can we know about gardening according to the text? A．It wastes money. B．It takes up too much land. C．It worsens air quality. D．It benefits the environment and people’s soul. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【来源】青海省西宁市大通县2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人喜爱园艺的原因以及是如何培养私人花园的。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built. This is what started the British love of gardening!(当时，英国只有非常富有的人才有花园。此后不久，带花园的房屋开始建造。这就是英国人开始热爱园艺的原因！)”可知，收入的增加激发了英国人创造自己的私人花园。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest. Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(对许多英国人来说，他们的花园是他们自己的私人世界。每年春天，孩子们都会种上向日葵，等着看哪一株最高。专业的园丁知道种植玫瑰的最佳位置，而其他人则花费数小时尝试种植完美的蔬菜以参加比赛。虽然许多英国人最喜欢在周日修剪草坪，但也有一些人很乐意坐在树枝下，欣赏周围世界的美景)”可知，第二段的主要内容是英国人是如何享受私人花园的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.(但在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。那些没有外部空间的人可以租一小块地来种东西)”可知，生活在城市里的英国人很难建造私人花园是因为他们没有足够的空间。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things? And if you’re in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose… A thistle cannot grow.”(园艺不仅对环境有益，对心灵也有好处。还有什么业余活动能让你与自然融为一体，创造更美丽的生物？如果你对此有任何疑问，花点时间思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“在你照料玫瑰的地方，长不出蓟。”)”可知，园艺有益于环境和人的灵魂。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一上·宁夏银川市·期末） As humans encroach (侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move — it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks. Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras. Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, bunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%. The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted. The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans. 1．Why are animals becoming more active at night? A．It is easier to find food at night. B．It is easier to escape being hunted. C．They can be less affected by human. D．They have got used to nightlife. 2．How did the researchers find the animals’ behavioral changes? A．They followed and watched the animals. B．They used modern technologies. C．They compared different animals. D．They found more animals at night. 3．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Any human encroachment can affect animals. B．Animals can be affected only when being hunted. C．Deer can get used to nightlife easily. D．Animals should stay away from humans. 4．Which word can possibly replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．dangers B．strengths C．possibilities D．disadvantages 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【来源】宁夏银川市第二中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着人类越来越多地侵入野生动物栖息地，动物们发现生存的最佳方式不是收拾行李搬家，而是要适应夜间生活。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. (狐狸、鹿、野猪等各种以往白天活动的动物，由于害怕人类活动而在夜间活动。)”可知，动物在夜间变得更加活跃的原因是因为此时它们受人类的影响较小。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras.(研究采用了各种技术来跟踪动物，从GPS跟踪器到运动激活相机。)”可知，研究人员使用现代技术发现这些动物的行为变化的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. (研究小组还发现，不管人类活动是否直接影响到它们，动物对这些人类侵犯的反应相似。)”可知，任何人类的侵犯都会影响动物。故选A项。 4．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段“But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. (但转向夜生活也可能给这些动物带来 。夜间生活方式会降低动物成功狩猎和觅食的能力，甚至会影响其寻找配偶的能力。转向夜间生活方式会影响自然生活模式，即使这些动物这样做是为了减少与人类的互动。)”可知，这里主要讲夜间生活给动物带来的“不利”，所以猜测downsides表“不利或者劣势”。故选D项。 试卷第20页，共42页 试卷第21页，共42页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $