专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US Preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21. Following the release of the previous guidelines in 2014, the Task Force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies. However, the conclusion is still the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene (胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular (心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said. “Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases (慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity,” Dr. Jeffrey Linder, Director of General Internal Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago, wrote in an additional commentary. Take the Mediterranean diet for example. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia (痴呆), memory loss, depression and breast cancer. And numerous studies found meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life. Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension (高血压)”. Many studies have shown that this diet successfully reduces hypertension. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. “Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities...following a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking,” Linder and his colleagues wrote. However, certain groups of people do need to take specific vitamins. Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful. 1． What can we learn from the Task Force? A．Vitamins must be useful to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer. B．Doctors want to control cardiovascular disease. C．It’s necessary for all people to take vitamins. D．In some regard, taking vitamins is not beneficial. 2． How many kinds of diets are mentioned to reduce death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk? A. One B. Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3． According to the passage, who can take vitamins regularly? A．A 40-year-old healthy worker. B．A 15-year-old healthy boy. C．A 34-year-old healthy lady. D．A 69-year-old healthy man. 4． What’s the main idea for the text? A．The history of vitamins. B．The functions of vitamins. C．Taking vitamins to prevent diseases may fail. D．People’s attitudes towards vitamins. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·蚌埠毛坦厂实验中学·期末） Studies have found that having lots of friends helps us feel happier. But sometimes we stop talking to friends we used to be close with. Scientists did seven studies with about 2,500 people. They wanted to know how people feel about getting back in touch with friends they haven’t talked to in a while. They looked at the problems and reasons for reconnecting and if there were ways to help people send a message to old friends. To see how willing people were to reconnect, the scientists asked them how ready they were to do different things right away. This included calling or texting a friend they hadn’t talked to in a long time. The results showed that people were not very excited about reaching out to an old friends, just like they don’t want to talk to someone new or pick up trash. People were worried that their old friends might not want to hear from them. It might be weird to reconnect after so long, and they felt bad. They thought both they and their old friends were too busy to talk again. People thought there were only a few good reasons to get in touch, like saying happy birthday to a friend. Talking about a memory they shared was the second reason. They didn’t like the idea of asking an old friend for help. A scientist said that even though people were warned about how an old friend would react to their message, the help they offered to ease this worry didn’t really work well. The scientist added that we know from many years of research that friends make us happy and give our lives meaning. These research findings will encourage people to send a message to someone they miss. It will be the first step to establish contact with friends they have not communicated with for a long period. 5．What is the main focus of the scientists’ research? A．The benefits of maintaining friendships. B．The process of forming new friendships. C．The feelings about reconnecting with old friendships. D．The reasons for losing contact with long-lost friends. 6．What did the scientists find out about people’s willingness to reconnect with old friends? A．Most people wanted to reconnect. B．People were not sure about contacting old friends. C．People liked to ask old friends for help. D．Being busy was the main reason for not making contact. 7．What does the underlined word “weird” mean in paragraph 4? A．Strange. B．Interesting. C．Fashionable. D．Fresh. 8．What was found to help people contact old friends? A．Sending a message to ask for a favor. B．Focusing on the guilt of not reaching out. C．Expressing concerns over the message reception. D．Practicing social connection with current friends first. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽太和高中·期末） A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (2型糖尿病) . “Our findings suggest that not all chocolate is created equal,” said lead author BinkaiLiu, doctoral student in the Department of Nutrition. “For anyone who loves chocolate, this is are minder that making small choices, like choosing dark chocolate over milk chocolate, can make a positive difference to their health.” There’s a lot of research on how chocolate might be linked to T2D, but the results don’t always agree. Also, not many studies look at the differences between types of chocolate, like dark chocolate and milk chocolate. The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. During more than 30 years, 192,000 grown-ups who didn’t have diabetes when the study started told researchers about what they ate, like how much chocolate they had, and also about whether they got diabetes and how much they weighed. By the end of the study period, nearly 19,000 reported being diagnosed (诊断) with T2D．Of the nearly 112,000 who reported specifically on their dark and milk chocolate intake, nearly 5,000 were diagnosed with T2D． The study found that those who consumed (吃；喝) at least five ounces of any type of chocolate per week had a 10% lower risk of developing T2D compared to those who never or rarely ate chocolate. Dark chocolate had an even bigger impact: those who consumed at least five servings of this chocolate per week showed a 21% lower risk of T2D．The researchers also observed (观察) a 3% reduction in risk for every serving of dark chocolate eaten per week. Eating milk chocolate, meanwhile, was not linked to reduced T2D risk. Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D． The researchers pointed out that the amount of chocolate people ate was less than what they usually eat in the country, as seen in past records. They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. 9．How was the new study conducted? A．By conducting experiments in a lab. B．By interviewing chocolate producers. C．By studying data from long-term health studies. D．By letting people eat different types of chocolate. 10．What is the relationship between eatıng milk chocolate and weight gain? A．Milk chocolate stops weight gain. B．Milk chocolate is linked to weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is linked to weight loss. D．There is no relationship between them. 11．What might be a problem with the study’s results? A．The study didn’t have kids in it. B．The study didn’t look at family history. C．Only one kind of chocolate was examined. D．The findings of this study don’t apply to everyone. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The health benefits of all types of chocolate. B．Chocolate consumption can prevent weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is more beneficial for T2D avoidance. D．Eating dark chocolate could reduce the risk of diabetes. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is owned by Richard Avenz, the world-class rock climber who also owns the famous Climbing Gym Subway. Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is a 6,000-square-foot gym on Gothelm Street that hosts a 200-foot -long climbing wall and a cafe, where you can relax before or after climbing, or simply sit and watch your friends go for it. Rock Climbing is also about the people you meet, as much as the climbing itself. Our gym is the perfect place for climbers to meet and share experiences. There are lessons seven days a week on the smaller wall and when someone is ready, they are let loose on the main wall, but always under observation. We have a great safety record and intend to keep it that way. The gym is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, but lessons are between 12 to 6 p.m. You can get a student package for 700 pounds a month and there are also yearly deals, but daily or weekly deals are not provided. Probably one of the best things the gym offers is weekend trips for many experienced climbers. You can get out and try a real rock face at the cost of 150 pounds. We arrange hotel accommodation for overnight and it’s free of charge. It’s a lot of fun. It’s a great way to meet people, strengthen your body and become part of the rock climbing community. 13．Which of the following is Not true about Richard Avenz? A．He is in possession of Seven Bays Rock Gym. B．He is an excellent climber. C．Climbing Gym Subway doesn’t belong to him. D．He is not only a sportsman but also a businessman. 14．What do we know about the gym? A．It is not open all year round. B．The lessons can be available any time. C．During weekend trips, the gym will offer hotel accommodation free of charge. D．The students can get daily deals. 15．Who is Seven Bays Rocking Climbing intended for? A．People who are fond of sports. B．People who show interest in music. C．People who dream to be a scientist. D．People who like geography. Passage 5 （24-25高一上·合肥六校联盟·期末） Finland’s education system is considered one of the best in the world. Finland (芬兰) is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so different from others in the western world? Until the 1960s Finland’s school system had been influenced largely by its neighbor, the Soviet Union. Most students left school after six years; some went on to private (私人的) schools. Only the wealthy ones got a better education. In the middle of the 1960s the Finnish government saw the need to reform and modernize (使现代化) their education system if they wanted to be internationally competitive. Most of Finland’s schools get their money from the government. The people who are in charge of the education system, from teachers to officials are trained teachers, not politicians like in other countries. Teachers work with their pupils in school as much as possible. When teachers are not with the pupils, they spend a lot of time in schools working on the curriculum and new projects. All Finnish children, whether they come from the city or the country, whether from a rich or poor family, have the same chances in education. There are not so many differences between the wealthy and poor, as in America or other western European countries. Education experts say that there is very little difference between very good and the worst students. Two thirds of Finnish pupils move on to higher education, the highest rate (比率) in the European Union. 16．What did the Finland government do in the middle of the 1960s? A．They encouraged students to go to private school. B．They lengthened preschool education. C．They reformed the school system. D．They learned modern education from neighboring countries. 17．We can learn from the text that ________. A．the children in Finland attend preschool at the age of six B．the children in Finland are educated equally C．the school system in Finland is better than that in Singapore D．the school equipment in Finland doesn’t meet international standards 18．The author mentions Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea to show ________. A．the school system in Finland has been very successful B．Asian countries are successful in school education C．students in these places are better than those in European countries D．the educational system in Asia is different from that in the western world 19．What can be the best title for the text? A．What Differences European Schools Have B．Why Finland’s School System Has Changed C．What Good Schools Provide Students With D．Why Finland’s School System Is Successful Passage 6 （24-25高一上·安徽涡阳·期末） Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 20．What ability of dogs is focused on in paragraph 1? A．Following orders from their masters. B．Recognizing human stress by smelling. C．Being able to learn human language. D．Understanding people’s expressions. 21．Why did volunteers in the study feel stressed? A．They were tested on math. B．They had to speak in public. C．They were separated from their dogs. D．They were unprepared for the tasks. 22．How did the dogs react when smelling stressed sweat? A．They got more curious about food. B．They became more excited about the tests. C．They expressed concern about their owner’s stress. D．They started to help their owners solving math problems. 23．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The survival strategy of dogs. B．The benefits of sensing stress. C．The origin of dogs’ stress-sensing ability. D．The long history of dogs helping each other. Passage 7 （24-25高一上·安徽涡阳·期末） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring (批判性忽略). As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can offer us advertisements producing profit. So we are not customers but products, and each connection we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva calls on us to learn the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to false information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist (难以抵制的) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-catching items are kept out of sight: Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to judge the reliability (可靠) of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, which can be reliable. The last is: “never feed the trolls.” Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, ignore their bad behaviour. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding being harmed by those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 24．What does the author mean by “we are not customers but products”? A．We produce content for profit. B．We are persuaded to make advertisements. C．We are being used to make money. D．We control the information flow. 25．What does the word “exposure” mean in the context of the passage? A．Display. B．Experience. C．Contact. D．Advertisement. 26．How is the first strategy explained? A．By making a comparison. B．By describing a scene. C．By listing detailed steps. D．By providing scientific ideas. 27．What do we know about the trolls? A．They intend no good. B．They care about honesty. C．They refuse to annoy others. D．They ignore bad behaviour. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·淮北一中·期末） It is late autumn — millions of gardeners across the northern hemisphere pulled on their thickest sweaters, spent hours clearing large piles of leaves and packed them into plastic bags at the end of driveways. In the US alone, nearly 10 million tonnes of garden waste go to landfill every year. That is a large amount of effort, not just from an environmental viewpoint but from that of our aching backs, too. So where does this advice come from? Well, it largely comes from the belief that thick fallen leaves can make plants under them unable to breathe, especially shorter grass. They shut down important photosynthesis (光合作用) and get in the way of the growth of the shorter grass. However, this received wisdom has recently been questioned by researchers at Wisconsin University. The key finding of their new research was that although clearing fallen leaves is one of the most common gardening practices, it makes very little sense. In natural ecosystems, fallen leaves help return nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth to the soil, which greatly improves soil condition. Removing leaves year after year breaks this ecological (生态的) balance. Letting some leaves stick around to cover your garden is a great way to help your grass and the local ecosystem. They further explained that if up to 50 percent of your grass lawn (草坪) is covered by fallen leaves, you might as well go back indoors and put your feet up. The advantages of this light leaf coverage far outweigh the disadvantages — the leaves will quickly break down and help next year’s lawn grow far better than if you had cleared them. Only at over 50 percent coverage do the Wisconsin researchers recommend clearing. So why not consider leaving the leaves? Save time, carbon and effort, and in exchange get a healthier lawn from this garden waste — that seems like a pretty good deal. And how many plastic bags could be saved by simply not binning fallen leaves every year? In the US alone, about 700 million. 28．What does the author describe in paragraph 1? A．An amazing autumn game. B．A common sight in gardens. C．A hot attraction in the north. D．An extreme weather event. 29．What is the received wisdom? A．Fallen leaves need not be cleared. B．Fallen leaves protect shorter grass. C．Fallen leaves block photosynthesis. D．Fallen leaves are hard to break down. 30．The new research finds clearing fallen leaves makes little sense, because ________. A．it ruins city image B．it breaks gardening rules C．it affects local economy D．it causes ecological damage 31．What’s the author’s attitude to Wisconsin University’s study? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） Four of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in 2023 Indeed, 2023 was host to a variety of natural disasters, some of them taking thousands of lives at once. Here are four of the deadliest natural disasters of 2023. Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar A big storm called Cyclone Mocha hit Myanmar on May 14. It caused very fast winds and sudden lightning. At least 145 people died because of it. — Many of the people who died were from a group — called Rohingya. This storm was one of the worst that Myanmar has experienced in a long time. Earthquake Joy in Nepal On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people. Sitting at the meeting point of the Indian and Asian tectonic (地壳构造的) plates, this mountainous nation is no stranger to earthquakes. One of its most destructive earthquakes took almost 9,000 lives in 2015. Storm Daniel in Libya On September 10, a big storm named Daniel hit the city of Derna in Libya, located near the Mediterranean Sea. It brought a lot of rain and floods, and it broke two dams in the city. By October 31, it was reported that 4,352 people had died, while an additional 8,000 were missing and thought to be dead. Floods in the DRC Early May brought heavy rainfall to the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, causing flash flooding and mudslides. The flood water killed at least 438 people and left thousands more missing or homeless. Heavy rain and extreme flooding have become increasingly common in Africa in recent years due to climate change, according to the U. N. 32．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths? A．Floods in the DRC． B．Storm Daniel in Libya. C．Earthquake Joy in Nepal. D．Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar. 33．What do the disasters that happened in Myanmar and DRC have in common? A．They happened in the same month. B．They are of the same type of disaster. C．They lasted for nearly half a week. D．They have the same number of deaths. 34．What do we know about the earthquake Joy in Nepal? A．It happened in 2015. B．It happened in summer. C．It was caused by heavy rain. D．It resulted in about 160 deaths. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Several years ago, a worldwide heavy rain was predicted, but no one got prepared for what was to come. Then, some areas received over 100 mm of rain. Cars and trucks floated down the streets. Whole buildings were swept away. At least 225 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless. The weather is always changing. Over the past few years, heavy rains have led to floods in many parts of the world. Droughts have taken place in Brazil and Australia. There have been heat waves in Europe which killed thousands. There have been more powerful hurricanes and tornadoes than ever before. In 2017 alone, the financial cost from global weather events was up to 340 billion dollars. With more wild weather events happening, people couldn’t help asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or our fault? The answer seems to be: a little of both. Wild weather is natural. But most scientists hold the same view that human activity has made the Earth warmer. It is this global warming that makes heat waves more likely. The higher temperatures also result in more water going into the air, which causes heavier and more frequent rain. Many scientists also believe global warming makes hurricanes and other storms stronger. This means we’re likely to see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and accept it,” says scientist Michael. He and other experts say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives. 35．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? A．A past weather event happened in some areas in the world. B．Some facts are listed about the global warming. C．A number of recent weather events happened over the world. D．Wild weather is partly the result of human activity. 36．How does paragraph two develop? A．By giving a lot of examples of recent wild weather events. B．By describing a serious flood that once happened. C．By predicting how the weather will change in a few years. D．By comparing the former wild weather with what happened now 37．What does scientist Michael’s words mean? A．People can not do anything to prevent wild weather. B．If people stop global warming, the weather will be better. C．It is too late to stop global warming. D．People have to stand by and accept what will happen to us. 38．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a tourist brochure B．In a research paper C．In a science fiction D．In a nature magazine 主题01 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·安徽安庆·期末） Two years ago Lucy was saved from a rural area in New South Wales, Australia. Today, she is one of the lucky animals living in rows of trees that have been created to protect koalas and other animals by saving their smaller and smaller habitat (栖息地) , or natural environment. The trees, planted by the local protection group Bangalow Koalas, are made up of large systems of plants. They are a lifeline for koalas and other animals. All of them are in danger of dying out, or at risk of extinction. The trees provide a safe way across the koala’s increasingly broken habitat. This protects koalas from human threats (威胁). “Our trees are actually trying to get them away from humans, cars and dogs. ”said Linda Sparrow. President of Bangalow Koalas. The koala is expected to die out in the wild in New South Wales by 2050. Some of the biggest threats include wildfires and habitat loss through land clearing for development. Bangalow Koalas has planted over 336,000 trees on 119 areas, helping koala protection and improving the local ecosystem (生态系统). The group, which depends on community volunteers, aims to plant 500,000 trees by 2025. “The neighbor would want to join and then another neighbor would want to join. ”Sparrow said. Volunteer Lindy Stacker, who has been planting trees for over five years. A recent report by the Australian Koala Foundation said the animal was worth about $3.2 billion per year to the tourism industry. However. the World Wildlife Fund-Australia reported a drop in koala populations in Australian states. “I can’t imagine a world where there are no koalas in the wild. ” Sparrow said. “We’re going to do our best to make sure that doesn’t happen. ” 1．Why is Lucy mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show it is important to plant trees. B．To suggest a way to protect nature. C．To introduce a special kind of living thing. D．To compare koalas with other animals. 2．What does the underlined word “extinction” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Disappearing. C．Reducing. D．Failing. 3．How does Sparrow feel about koalas’ future? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Positive. D．Disappointed. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Protection Group B．The Polluted Environment C．Human Threats D．More Trees, More Hope Passage 2 （23-24高一上·安徽庐江·期末） Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively (相对地) small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulations by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 5．The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________. A．heart problems and exercising B．heart problems and smoking C．heart problems and fatty food D．heart problems and air quality 6．What does the underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Relatively high. B．Relatively low. C．Too low. D．Too high. 7．What can we learn from the text? A．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. B．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. C．The EPA did many studies on air quality. D．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. 8．The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________. A．introduce B．describe C．entertain D．persuade Passage 3 （23-24高一上·安徽宣城·期末） Monkfish are low in calories and they are easy to cook. They can be cut into pieces, mixed with egg whites, cornflour and salt, and then put into boiling water for a few minutes. There is only one problem with monkfish: they are ugly. With their eyes sticking out and wide mouths full of sharp teeth, they are frightening. In the Netherlands, fishermen who caught them used to throw them back. They are still usually sold without their heads, but the days of throwing them away are long gone. Japanese diners love the fatty liver; while Italians may still call them toad tails, that doesn’t stop them from eating the fish. People have been encouraged to eat more monkfish, as well as other unattractive creatures — in order to ensure the biodiversity of the ocean environment. There are more examples for sea animals going from “purposely avoided” to “willingly consumed”. In America, lobsters used to be fed to prisoners — a result of their abundance but also, no doubt, because they are difficult to eat and look frightening. Not until the late 19th century did they become fantastic dish. Today they are so desirable that Maine, where most American lobsters are caught, has the images of these creatures printed on many of its vehicles. Sometimes fashion goes the other way. Turtles were plentiful in early America, but in the 19th century they became fashionable: few foods were more recommended than turtle soup. Americans ate some species of turtle nearly to extinction. Yet today turtle-eating is more closely associated with remote and uncultured areas. Among cooking choices, people prefer the rare and the beautiful one than the unattractive one. But such narrow-minded food choices can have bad results: some species may not survive human preference for them. Better to stare into monkfish’s eyes than to contribute to the permanent loss of a species. 9．How were monkfish treated in the Netherlands? A．They were abandoned by local fishermen. B．They were popular due to their fatty livers. C．They were called toad tails from time to time. D．They were considered a danger to the ecosystem. 10．Why are lobsters mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress its abundance in America. B．To make a comparison with monkfish. C．To prove prisoners used to be fed on seafood. D．To show people’s food habits keep changing. 11．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Turtle-eating has been out of date now. B．Turtles have completely disappeared in America. C．Turtles were purposely avoided among food choices. D．Turtle-eating was against fashion in the 19th century. 12．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce rare undersea wildlife. B．To encourage people to eat seafood. C．To explain why people dislike monkfish. D．To call for the protection of biodiversity. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·合肥一中·期末） Have you heard of the term “tweenager”? It’s a slang (俚语) word used in the UK to describe children between about ten and twelve years old. They are between being a junior and a teenager. Why do the press and media refer to kids in this way? Well, more and more companies now create products and services for tweenagers. They seem to tell us that tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they’ve ever had before. Most children in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago. Despite problems happening fairly often and regularly in the economy, parents generally have more money to give than before, since they are having fewer children on average than in the past. In addition, a higher divorce (离婚) rate in the UK makes parents try to compensate by buying presents for their children. It’s a bad habit for both parents and children to get into, but parents are under constant pressure from commercial marketing and the requests of their children. You may wonder how tweenagers have more freedom than previous generations. Well, UK children today are very media- and computer-literate. They have access to much more information about life and the world. They may have experienced a lot in life as well. With such sophistication (老于世故) at such a young age, it’s no wonder tweenagers are able to influence their parents. Now UK tweenagers are also very fashion-conscious and concerned about their images. In a world of television programs that promise immediate success and fame at a young age, some people think it’s extremely important to look fashionable. So what does tweenage fashion look like? It’s lots of brightly colored materials, particularly pink, and usually plain, not patterned. There are plenty of bows, necklaces and bracelets, too. But can it really be healthy for us to encourage kids to be like adults at a young age? Are we stealing childhoods in return for a bit of profit? Well, the UK government is certainly concerned, and for that reason has strict laws preventing companies from clearly and openly marketing their products and services to children. 13．What is the use of the first paragraph? A．To explain a concept and bring up the topic. B．To tell the difference between a junior and a teenager. C．To show why people in the UK prefer to use the slang. D．To state how the slang came into being and make a summary. 14．Why are more products and services created for tweenagers? A．Because children education is becoming more important. B．Because they are more affordable to tweenagers. C．Because it is better to study music from an early age. D．Because more companies are creating products and services. 15．What does the underlined word “compensate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Keep company. B．Reward. C．Make up. D．Motivate. 16．Why do tweenagers pay more attention to their appearance? A．They are afraid of being laughed at by others. B．They have less freedom than previous generations. C．They wish to become successful and famous quickly. D．They are encouraged to be like adults at a young age. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·合肥六中·期末） Morocco’s national women’s soccer team is set to make its first appearance at the FIFA Women’s World Cup. After years of being largely hidden, Moroccan women’s soccer is getting new growth at home and around the world. During one game in May, the audience was not very big. The game was between a Moroccan national women’s professional league team and the armed forces team called ASFAR. ASFAR, a strong women’s team in Morocco, won 7 to 0. Dressed in a shirt reading “Morocco” in Arabic, Aliae Benazzouza went to the field to meet the players. “I was very happy,” the young girl said. Idriss Benazzouza is Aliae’s father. “I teach my daughters confidence, not fear,” he said. “There is no difference between men and women in physical exercise.” The national women’s team is known as the Lionesses. Benazzouza said the Lionesses shows “how women’s soccer has progressed” in the North African country. He said the team has filed him with joy. Morocco hosted the 2022 Women’s Africa Cup of Nations. The event drew large numbers of fans and augmented interest in this year’s worldwide women’s championship. Hiba Karami plays for a local team called Fath Union Sport. The development in women’s soccer has made a dream of hers a reality. Last year, Karami was one of the players playing for Morocco in the FIFA under-17 Women’s World Cup. “Some kids or men would say that women belonged (属于) in the kitchen and weren’t made for soccer,” she said. “I knew that I loved the game and that I would play. Boys in my neighborhood accepted me because I played better than they did and they thought of me as a role model.” Nouhaila Benzina also plays for the national team and for ASFAR. She said her soccer career (职业) opened up new chances for her. The 25-year-old never saw soccer going against her clothing. Many look up to her. “This makes me want to work harder to show girls that they can achieve great things,” Benzina said. 17．Which matches Aliae’s father’s opinion? A．Women athletes are more popular. B．Women should work for happiness. C．Women play better than men in soccer. D．Sports are fit for both men and women. 18．What does the underlined word “augmented” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Lost. B．Increased. C．Showed. D．Compared. 19．Why did the boys show respect to her according to Karami? A．She was good at soccer. B．She was friendly to them. C．She was a famous player. D．She taught them to play soccer. 20．How does Benzina feel about her career? A．Relaxed. B．Worried. C．Helpless. D．Confident. Passage 3 （23-24高一上·安徽淮北·期末） Any creature or person that has both organic (与有机体有关的) and non-organic body parts can technically be considered a cyborg. This means that anyone who has a pace-maker to control their heartbeat, or a cochlear implant (耳蜗移植) to restore their hearing, could technically be called one. The above are examples of “restorative” cyborgs, because technology is restoring an ability that a healthy human would normally have. More recent advancements in this field include robotic arms and legs, which are controlled by sensors (传感器) to receive muscle signals. Recently, brain implants have allowed disabled people to perform simple computer tasks. But with these rapid advances in technology, another variety of cyborg will soon become more common— ‘Advanced’ cyborgs. If it’s possible to make man-made body parts which are as good as their organic ones, then surely it will become possible to make ones that are even better. Possible cyborg advancements that may exist in the future include man-made joints which increase your speed and strength. Advanced brain chips (芯片) which allow you to control machines with a thought. Or visual implants which improve your eyesight or allow you to see colors that can’t be seen previously to the human eye. However, some people worry that this technology could be dangerous. New ways of exciting the pleasure centers of people’s brains could lead to new forms of addiction. Others worry that it could lead to inequality in healthcare, with the high cost of implants causing the wealthy to gain further advantages over the poor. Implants which restore the abilities of those who are injured are a wonderful medical advancement. But as physical enhancements that allow people to do more and live longer become more common, the choice will be between combining with machines or being left behind. 21．Which of the following is a cyborg? A．A pace-maker. B．A robot with strong arms. C．A brain implant. D．An animal with a robotic leg. 22．What ability may an advanced cyborg have according to the text? A．Seeing more colors than normal people. B．Directing people with brain. C．Creating the man-made joints. D．Repairing the organic body parts. 23．What can we infer from the text? A．The poor could gain new addiction. B．The wealthy could live longer than the poor. C．Cyborgs no longer need healthcare. D．Cyborgs could avoid any form of injury. 24．Where can the text be found? A．A report on a robotic project. B．A fictional novel on cyborgs. C．A fitness and well-being brochure. D．A magazine on new science. Passage 4 （23-24高一上·六安二中·期末） With a host of research showing that late night eating is linked to great er body weight, it’s no wonder avoiding late night eating has long been suggested to people who plan to lose weight. But until now, few studies have actually investigated (调查) why. This is what a recent US study set out to uncover. Researchers had 16 participants follow two different meal schedules, each for a period of six days in total. The first group had their meals early in the day with the last meal consumed six hours and 40 minutes before bedtime. The second group had their daily meals four hours later. This meant they skipped breakfast and instead had lunch, dinner and an evening meal. Their last meal was consumed only two and a half hours before sleep. All the participants consumed the same diet, and all of their meals were equally space d with around four hours between them. The researchers looked at three measures associated with weight gain: the influence of appetite, the impact of eating time on calories burned, and changes of fat tissue (组织). They found that compared to an early eating pattern, late eating not only increased feelings of hunger the following day, it also increased the rate of “hunger” hormones (激素) in the blood. Late eating also caused a decrease in calories burned the following day. Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage. These results suggest that late eating could lead to weight gain. Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time, more research will be needed to further understand whether these changes are only temporary, and what effects long-term late night eating can have on the weight gain mechanisms (机制). Anyway, this study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Therefore, people who are watching their weight may want to stay away from the late night snacks and favour eating most of their meals earlier. 25．What is the study designed to do? A．To provide suggestions on losing weight. B．To prove the findings of the past research. C．To explore why a late night meal causes weight gain. D．To figure out a better meal schedule. 26．What do the two groups have in common? A．They had breakfast four hours later than normal. B．They had daily meals roughly every four hours. C．They had some light snacks between meals. D．Their late night meal lasted for about 150 minutes. 27．Which of the following is a result of late eating? A．The slow intake of nutrition. B．The end in feeling hungry. C．The increase in blood pressure. D．The greater accumulation(累积) of fat. 28．What is the limitation of the study? A．A small number of participants and trial days. B．The different eating times in the two groups. C．Lack of more measures related to weight gain. D．Limited tissue samples taken from volunteers. Passage 5 （23-24高一上·安徽淮北·期末） WHY SHENNONGJIA? As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it on to the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia? UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sealevel, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”. For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3, 000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral richness. It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1, 300 in 2015 and continues to grow. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. 29．Why is Shennongjia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List? A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. B．Because it is the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because it satisfies the two requirements for the status. D．Because it has the mysterious creature called “Yeren”. 30．Shennongjia is also called the“__________”. A．Roof of Central China B．Roof of Northern China C．Roof of Eastern China D．Roof of Southern China 31．How does the author think of the scientists in Shennongjia? A．Patient. B．Careful. C．Confident. D．Hard-working. 32．According to the text, what impressed the author most? A．A local village. B．The local people. C．Some special monkeys. D．The wild bees. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US Preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21. Following the release of the previous guidelines in 2014, the Task Force reviewed 84 studies testing vitamins in almost 700,000 people, including 52 new studies. However, the conclusion is still the same as that of 2014: If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene (胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular (心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said. “Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases (慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity,” Dr. Jeffrey Linder, Director of General Internal Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University in Chicago, wrote in an additional commentary. Take the Mediterranean diet for example. Eating the Mediterranean way, which focuses on a plant-based diet, physical activity and social engagement, can reduce the risk for high cholesterol, dementia (痴呆), memory loss, depression and breast cancer. And numerous studies found meals from the sunny Mediterranean region have also been linked to weight loss, stronger bones, a healthier heart and longer life. Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension (高血压)”. Many studies have shown that this diet successfully reduces hypertension. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets avoid processed foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. “Rather than focusing money, time, and attention on supplements, it would be better to emphasize lower-risk, higher-benefit activities...following a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking,” Linder and his colleagues wrote. However, certain groups of people do need to take specific vitamins. Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful. 1． What can we learn from the Task Force? A．Vitamins must be useful to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer. B．Doctors want to control cardiovascular disease. C．It’s necessary for all people to take vitamins. D．In some regard, taking vitamins is not beneficial. 2． How many kinds of diets are mentioned to reduce death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk? A. One B. Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3． According to the passage, who can take vitamins regularly? A．A 40-year-old healthy worker. B．A 15-year-old healthy boy. C．A 34-year-old healthy lady. D．A 69-year-old healthy man. 4． What’s the main idea for the text? A．The history of vitamins. B．The functions of vitamins. C．Taking vitamins to prevent diseases may fail. D．People’s attitudes towards vitamins. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明，普通人服用维生素、矿物质和复合维生素补充剂并不能降低患病风险，也不能帮助延长寿命，建议应该关注有据可循的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer, the US preventive Services Task Force said in the new guidelines released Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association on June 21.(美国预防服务工作组在6月21日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的新指南中表示，维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不能保护你免受癌症、心脏病的侵害，也不能延长你的寿命)”和第三段中的“If you are a healthy adult who is not pregnant, there is not enough evidence of benefits to expand one’s life in taking vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, calcium tablets, carotene(胡萝卜素), vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C and other supplements. The Task Force does not recommend taking carotene supplements to prevent cardiovascular(心血管) disease or cancer, with enough evidence that it “may increase the risk of death, the death rate of cardiovascular disease and the risk of lung cancer”. Nor should people take vitamin E, “because vitamin E is not likely to be beneficial in reducing death, cardiovascular disease or cancer risk,” the Task Force said.(如果你是一个健康且没有怀孕的成年人，那么没有足够的证据表明服用维生素E、维生素D、维生素A、钙片、胡萝卜素、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素C和其他补充剂有助于延长寿命。工作组不建议服用胡萝卜素补充剂来预防心血管疾病或癌症，有足够的证据表明它“可能会增加死亡风险、心血管疾病死亡率和癌症风险”。工作组表示，人们也不应该服用维生素E，“因为维生素E不太可能有助于降低死亡、心血管疾病或癌症风险”。)”可推知，从某些方面来说，服用维生素并没有好处。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Lifestyle recommendations for preventing chronic diseases(慢性病) should continue to focus on evidence-based methods, including balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables and physical activity(预防慢性病的生活方式建议应继续关注有据可循方法，包括富含水果和蔬菜的均衡膳食以及体育活动)”、第五段中的“Take the Mediterranean diet for example.(以地中海饮食为例。)”和第六段中的“Another evidence-based approach is the DASH diet, which stands for “dietary approaches to stop hypertension(高血压)”.(另一种循证方法是DASH饮食，它代表“阻止高血压的饮食方法”。)”可知，文中提到地中海饮食和DASH饮食两种有助于预防慢性病、减少死亡的饮食。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some seniors may need vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplements because they absorb fewer vitamins from food as they age. Because the elderly often have less sun exposure than younger people, they may need vitamin D supplements, but the dosage must be checked by the doctor, as too much vitamin D intake can be harmful.(一些老年人可能需要补充维生素B12和维生素B6，因为随着年龄的增长，他们从食物中吸收的维生素会减少。因为老年人经常比年轻人少晒太阳，他们可能需要补充维生素D，但剂量必须由医生检查，因为摄入过多的维生素D可能有害。)”可知，一些老年人需要补充维生素。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“Vitamins, minerals, and multivitamin supplements won’t protect you from cancer, heart disease, or help you live longer(维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不会保护你免受癌症、心脏病的侵袭，也不会帮助你活得更长)”引出主题，即维生素、矿物质和多种维生素补充剂不会帮助预防疾病和延长寿命，由此可推测出，C项“服用维生素来预防疾病可能无效”符合题意。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·蚌埠毛坦厂实验中学·期末） Studies have found that having lots of friends helps us feel happier. But sometimes we stop talking to friends we used to be close with. Scientists did seven studies with about 2,500 people. They wanted to know how people feel about getting back in touch with friends they haven’t talked to in a while. They looked at the problems and reasons for reconnecting and if there were ways to help people send a message to old friends. To see how willing people were to reconnect, the scientists asked them how ready they were to do different things right away. This included calling or texting a friend they hadn’t talked to in a long time. The results showed that people were not very excited about reaching out to an old friends, just like they don’t want to talk to someone new or pick up trash. People were worried that their old friends might not want to hear from them. It might be weird to reconnect after so long, and they felt bad. They thought both they and their old friends were too busy to talk again. People thought there were only a few good reasons to get in touch, like saying happy birthday to a friend. Talking about a memory they shared was the second reason. They didn’t like the idea of asking an old friend for help. A scientist said that even though people were warned about how an old friend would react to their message, the help they offered to ease this worry didn’t really work well. The scientist added that we know from many years of research that friends make us happy and give our lives meaning. These research findings will encourage people to send a message to someone they miss. It will be the first step to establish contact with friends they have not communicated with for a long period. 5．What is the main focus of the scientists’ research? A．The benefits of maintaining friendships. B．The process of forming new friendships. C．The feelings about reconnecting with old friendships. D．The reasons for losing contact with long-lost friends. 6．What did the scientists find out about people’s willingness to reconnect with old friends? A．Most people wanted to reconnect. B．People were not sure about contacting old friends. C．People liked to ask old friends for help. D．Being busy was the main reason for not making contact. 7．What does the underlined word “weird” mean in paragraph 4? A．Strange. B．Interesting. C．Fashionable. D．Fresh. 8．What was found to help people contact old friends? A．Sending a message to ask for a favor. B．Focusing on the guilt of not reaching out. C．Expressing concerns over the message reception. D．Practicing social connection with current friends first. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是人们与久违的朋友重新联系的意愿和感受的研究报告。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists did seven studies with about 2,500 people. They wanted to know how people feel about getting back in touch with friends they haven’t talked to in a while.(科学家们对大约2500人进行了7项研究。他们想知道人们与许久未联系的朋友重新取得联系时的感受)”可知，科学家们研究的主要焦点是与旧朋友重新联系的感觉。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The results showed that people were not very excited about reaching out to an old friend, just like they don’t want to talk to someone new or pick up trash.(研究结果表明，人们对联系老朋友并不是很兴奋，就像他们不想和陌生人说话或捡垃圾一样)”可知，关于人们与老朋友重新联系的意愿，科学家们发现人们不确定是否要联系老朋友。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“to reconnect after so long(在这么久之后重新联系)”以及“and they felt bad. They thought both they and their old friends were too busy to talk again.(他们感觉很糟糕。他们认为他们和他们的老朋友都太忙了，没有时间再交谈)”可知，根据后半句“他们感觉很糟糕”可知，重新联系久违的朋友可能会让他们产生不好的感受，由此推测“weird”的意思应该是负面的，而“strange”意为“奇怪的”，是负面的意思，“interesting”意为“有趣的”，“fashionable”意为“时尚的”，“fresh”意为“新鲜的”，这三个词都是正面的意思，所以选项B、选项C和选项D均错误。故划线词意思是“奇怪的”。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“People thought there were only a few good reasons to get in touch, like saying happy birthday to a friend. Talking about a memory they shared was the second reason. They didn’t like the idea of asking an old friend for help.(人们认为只有几个好的理由来联系，比如对朋友说一声生日快乐。谈论他们共同的记忆是第二个理由。他们不喜欢向老朋友求助)”以及最后一段“These research findings will encourage people to send a message to someone they miss. It will be the first step to establish contact with friends they have not communicated with for a long period.(这些研究结果将鼓励人们给他们想念的人发信息。这将是他们与长期没有联系的朋友建立联系的第一步)”可知，人们不喜欢向老朋友求助，以此作为不联系的理由，而研究结果鼓励人们给老朋友发信息，故可推知，发信息请求帮忙可以帮助人们联系老朋友。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽太和高中·期末） A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (2型糖尿病) . “Our findings suggest that not all chocolate is created equal,” said lead author BinkaiLiu, doctoral student in the Department of Nutrition. “For anyone who loves chocolate, this is are minder that making small choices, like choosing dark chocolate over milk chocolate, can make a positive difference to their health.” There’s a lot of research on how chocolate might be linked to T2D, but the results don’t always agree. Also, not many studies look at the differences between types of chocolate, like dark chocolate and milk chocolate. The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. During more than 30 years, 192,000 grown-ups who didn’t have diabetes when the study started told researchers about what they ate, like how much chocolate they had, and also about whether they got diabetes and how much they weighed. By the end of the study period, nearly 19,000 reported being diagnosed (诊断) with T2D．Of the nearly 112,000 who reported specifically on their dark and milk chocolate intake, nearly 5,000 were diagnosed with T2D． The study found that those who consumed (吃；喝) at least five ounces of any type of chocolate per week had a 10% lower risk of developing T2D compared to those who never or rarely ate chocolate. Dark chocolate had an even bigger impact: those who consumed at least five servings of this chocolate per week showed a 21% lower risk of T2D．The researchers also observed (观察) a 3% reduction in risk for every serving of dark chocolate eaten per week. Eating milk chocolate, meanwhile, was not linked to reduced T2D risk. Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D． The researchers pointed out that the amount of chocolate people ate was less than what they usually eat in the country, as seen in past records. They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. 9．How was the new study conducted? A．By conducting experiments in a lab. B．By interviewing chocolate producers. C．By studying data from long-term health studies. D．By letting people eat different types of chocolate. 10．What is the relationship between eatıng milk chocolate and weight gain? A．Milk chocolate stops weight gain. B．Milk chocolate is linked to weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is linked to weight loss. D．There is no relationship between them. 11．What might be a problem with the study’s results? A．The study didn’t have kids in it. B．The study didn’t look at family history. C．Only one kind of chocolate was examined. D．The findings of this study don’t apply to everyone. 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The health benefits of all types of chocolate. B．Chocolate consumption can prevent weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is more beneficial for T2D avoidance. D．Eating dark chocolate could reduce the risk of diabetes. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项来自哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究，探讨了食用黑巧克力与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，并指出黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力在健康影响上的差异。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. (研究人员试图利用“护士健康研究I和II”以及“健康专业人士后续研究”的数据来填补这一空白)”可知，这项新研究是通过研究长期健康研究的数据来进行的。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D. (增加食用牛奶巧克力，而不是黑巧克力，与长期体重增加有关，而体重增加是2型糖尿病发生的一个潜在因素)”可知，食用牛奶巧克力与体重增加有关。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. (他们还指出，对于那些大量食用巧克力的人来说，研究结果可能并不相同)”可知，研究结果可能有一定的局限性，并不适用于所有人。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (哈佛大学T. H. Chan公共卫生学院的一项新研究表明，食用黑巧克力，而非牛奶巧克力，可能与降低患2型糖尿病的风险有关)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了黑巧克力与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，并指出黑巧克力对健康的积极影响，而牛奶巧克力则没有这种效果。因此，文章的核心内容是关于食用黑巧克力可以降低糖尿病的风险。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is owned by Richard Avenz, the world-class rock climber who also owns the famous Climbing Gym Subway. Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is a 6,000-square-foot gym on Gothelm Street that hosts a 200-foot -long climbing wall and a cafe, where you can relax before or after climbing, or simply sit and watch your friends go for it. Rock Climbing is also about the people you meet, as much as the climbing itself. Our gym is the perfect place for climbers to meet and share experiences. There are lessons seven days a week on the smaller wall and when someone is ready, they are let loose on the main wall, but always under observation. We have a great safety record and intend to keep it that way. The gym is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, but lessons are between 12 to 6 p.m. You can get a student package for 700 pounds a month and there are also yearly deals, but daily or weekly deals are not provided. Probably one of the best things the gym offers is weekend trips for many experienced climbers. You can get out and try a real rock face at the cost of 150 pounds. We arrange hotel accommodation for overnight and it’s free of charge. It’s a lot of fun. It’s a great way to meet people, strengthen your body and become part of the rock climbing community. 13．Which of the following is Not true about Richard Avenz? A．He is in possession of Seven Bays Rock Gym. B．He is an excellent climber. C．Climbing Gym Subway doesn’t belong to him. D．He is not only a sportsman but also a businessman. 14．What do we know about the gym? A．It is not open all year round. B．The lessons can be available any time. C．During weekend trips, the gym will offer hotel accommodation free of charge. D．The students can get daily deals. 15．Who is Seven Bays Rocking Climbing intended for? A．People who are fond of sports. B．People who show interest in music. C．People who dream to be a scientist. D．People who like geography. 【答案】13．C 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了世界一流攀岩运动员理查德·艾文兹创立的七湾攀岩馆。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is owned by Richard Avenz, the world-class rock climber who also owns the famous Climbing Gym Subway.(七湾攀岩馆的老板是世界一流的攀岩运动员理查德·艾文兹，他也是著名的地铁攀岩馆的老板。)”可知，Climbing Gym Subway也属于Richard Avenz。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Probably one of the best things the gym offers is weekend trips for many experienced climbers. You can get out and try a real rock face at the cost of 150 pounds. We arrange hotel accommodation for overnight and it’s free of charge.(对于许多有经验的登山者来说，场馆提供的最好的东西之一可能是周末旅行。你可以出去试试真正的岩壁，花费150英镑。我们免费为您安排酒店住宿。)”可知，在周末旅行期间，场馆将免费提供酒店住宿。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Seven Bays Rock Climbing Gym is a 6,000-square-foot gym on Gothelm Street that hosts a 200-foot -long climbing wall and a cafe, where you can relax before or after climbing, or simply sit and watch your friends go for it.(七湾攀岩馆位于哥瑟姆街，占地6000平方英尺，有一面200英尺长的攀岩墙和一个咖啡馆，你可以在攀岩之前或之后放松一下，或者只是坐着看你的朋友攀岩。)”及文章最后一段“It’s a great way to meet people, strengthen your body and become part of the rock climbing community.(这是一个很好的结识朋友，增强你的身体，成为攀岩社区的一部分的方式。)”可推知，七湾攀岩馆是为喜欢运动的人设立的。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·合肥六校联盟·期末） Finland’s education system is considered one of the best in the world. Finland (芬兰) is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so different from others in the western world? Until the 1960s Finland’s school system had been influenced largely by its neighbor, the Soviet Union. Most students left school after six years; some went on to private (私人的) schools. Only the wealthy ones got a better education. In the middle of the 1960s the Finnish government saw the need to reform and modernize (使现代化) their education system if they wanted to be internationally competitive. Most of Finland’s schools get their money from the government. The people who are in charge of the education system, from teachers to officials are trained teachers, not politicians like in other countries. Teachers work with their pupils in school as much as possible. When teachers are not with the pupils, they spend a lot of time in schools working on the curriculum and new projects. All Finnish children, whether they come from the city or the country, whether from a rich or poor family, have the same chances in education. There are not so many differences between the wealthy and poor, as in America or other western European countries. Education experts say that there is very little difference between very good and the worst students. Two thirds of Finnish pupils move on to higher education, the highest rate (比率) in the European Union. 16．What did the Finland government do in the middle of the 1960s? A．They encouraged students to go to private school. B．They lengthened preschool education. C．They reformed the school system. D．They learned modern education from neighboring countries. 17．We can learn from the text that ________. A．the children in Finland attend preschool at the age of six B．the children in Finland are educated equally C．the school system in Finland is better than that in Singapore D．the school equipment in Finland doesn’t meet international standards 18．The author mentions Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea to show ________. A．the school system in Finland has been very successful B．Asian countries are successful in school education C．students in these places are better than those in European countries D．the educational system in Asia is different from that in the western world 19．What can be the best title for the text? A．What Differences European Schools Have B．Why Finland’s School System Has Changed C．What Good Schools Provide Students With D．Why Finland’s School System Is Successful 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了芬兰学校制度改革的时间，教育制度改革后的特点等。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the middle of the 1960s the Finnish government saw the need to reform and modernize (使现代化) their education system if they wanted to be internationally competitive.(在20世纪60年代中期，芬兰政府认为，如果他们想要在国际上具有竞争力，就需要改革和现代化他们的教育体系)”可知，芬兰政府在20世纪60年代中期改革了学校制度。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All Finnish children, whether they come from the city or the country, whether from a rich or poor family, have the same chances in education. (所有芬兰的孩子，无论他们来自城市还是乡村，无论他们来自富裕还是贫穷的家庭，都有同样的受教育机会)”可知，芬兰的孩子受到平等的教育。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据第一段“Finland’s education system is considered one of the best in the world. Finland (芬兰) is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea.(芬兰的教育体系被认为是世界上最好的之一。芬兰不仅是欧洲排名第一的国家，而且还与上海、新加坡和韩国等亚洲巨头竞争)”可知，作者提到了上海、新加坡和韩国，以表明芬兰的学校制度非常成功。故选A。 19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Finland’s education system is considered one of the best in the world. Finland (芬兰) is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so different from others in the western world?(芬兰的教育体系被认为是世界上最好的之一。芬兰不仅是欧洲排名第一的国家，而且还与上海、新加坡和韩国等亚洲巨头竞争。但是，是什么使这个小国的教育制度与西方世界的其他国家如此不同呢？)”结合文章主要说明了芬兰学校制度改革的时间，教育制度改革后的特点等。可知，D选项“为什么芬兰的学校系统是成功的”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25高一上·安徽涡阳·期末） Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol (皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D．student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 20．What ability of dogs is focused on in paragraph 1? A．Following orders from their masters. B．Recognizing human stress by smelling. C．Being able to learn human language. D．Understanding people’s expressions. 21．Why did volunteers in the study feel stressed? A．They were tested on math. B．They had to speak in public. C．They were separated from their dogs. D．They were unprepared for the tasks. 22．How did the dogs react when smelling stressed sweat? A．They got more curious about food. B．They became more excited about the tests. C．They expressed concern about their owner’s stress. D．They started to help their owners solving math problems. 23．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The survival strategy of dogs. B．The benefits of sensing stress. C．The origin of dogs’ stress-sensing ability. D．The long history of dogs helping each other. 【答案】20．B 21．D 22．C 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗能通过嗅觉感知人类压力的能力，以及这项能力是如何发展的。 20．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond (反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. (最近的一项研究表明，狗实际上能闻到人类的压力，并以一种表明与我们人类有密切关系的方式对其作出反应。)”可知，第一段主要关注的是狗通过嗅觉识别人类压力的能力。故选B项。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. (在这项研究中，18名志愿者和他们的狗参加了研究。这些志愿者在没有任何准备的情况下进行了公开演讲和解决数学难题的测试。他们的焦虑使他们的汗液中出现更多的皮质醇。)”可知，研究中的志愿者感到压力是因为他们对任务没有准备。故选D项。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. (当狗闻到这种紧张的汗水时，它们的好奇心降低了，对位置不确定的碗也不那么感兴趣了，就好像它们认为碗里没有食物一样。似乎狗真的能感受到人类的压力，它们自己的感受也会受到影响。)”可知，当狗闻到压力下的汗液时，它们能感受到主人的压力，自己的感受也会受到影响，对主人的压力表现出担忧。故选C项。 23．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. (那么狗是如何发展出这种感知压力的能力的呢?嗯，这可能是因为在过去，感知压力有助于狗的生存。)”和下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了狗感知压力能力的起源。故选C项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一上·安徽涡阳·期末） Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring (批判性忽略). As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can offer us advertisements producing profit. So we are not customers but products, and each connection we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva calls on us to learn the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to false information. According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist (难以抵制的) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-catching items are kept out of sight: Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to keep them out of sight at first! The next is to judge the reliability (可靠) of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, which can be reliable. The last is: “never feed the trolls.” Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, ignore their bad behaviour. By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding being harmed by those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 24．What does the author mean by “we are not customers but products”? A．We produce content for profit. B．We are persuaded to make advertisements. C．We are being used to make money. D．We control the information flow. 25．What does the word “exposure” mean in the context of the passage? A．Display. B．Experience. C．Contact. D．Advertisement. 26．How is the first strategy explained? A．By making a comparison. B．By describing a scene. C．By listing detailed steps. D．By providing scientific ideas. 27．What do we know about the trolls? A．They intend no good. B．They care about honesty. C．They refuse to annoy others. D．They ignore bad behaviour. 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．A 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了互联网时代人们面临的信息过载问题，并介绍了心理学家 Anastasia Kozyreva提出的“批判性忽略”技能。文章指出，在互联网注意力经济中，内容生产者竞相吸引我们的注意，而批判性忽略则能帮助我们控制信息环境，减少接触到虚假信息。Kozyreva提出了三种批判性忽略的策略：设计环境、判断信息可靠性和“不喂食巨魔”，即忽略网络上的恶意传播者。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段“So we are not customers but products, and each connection we click is a sale of our time and attention.(所以我们不是顾客而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知，作者的意思是我们在互联网上点击链接时，我们的时间和注意力被出售，成为了广告商的产品，而不是作为消费者去选择广告。因此，选项C“我们被用来赚钱”正确表达了作者的意思。故选C。 25．词句猜测题。根据第二段“So we are not customers but products, and each connection we click is a sale of our time and attention.(所以我们不是顾客而是产品，我们点击的每一个连接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”以及划线词上文“readers can control their information environment to reduce(读者可以控制他们的信息环境来减少……)”以及后文“false information(虚假信息)”可知，读者可以控制自己的信息环境以减少对虚假信息的“接触”。故“exposure”意思是“接触”。故选 C。 26．推理判断题。根据第三段“Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes.(成功的节食者需要让不健康的食物远离他们的家)”可知，作者举了节食的例子，通过将设计数字环境与减肥做比较来解释第一种策略。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据第五段“Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm.(喷子是一些在网上传播虚假信息以造成伤害的人)”可知，trolls是指在网络上传播虚假信息以造成伤害的人。因此，他们意图不善。故选A。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·淮北一中·期末） It is late autumn — millions of gardeners across the northern hemisphere pulled on their thickest sweaters, spent hours clearing large piles of leaves and packed them into plastic bags at the end of driveways. In the US alone, nearly 10 million tonnes of garden waste go to landfill every year. That is a large amount of effort, not just from an environmental viewpoint but from that of our aching backs, too. So where does this advice come from? Well, it largely comes from the belief that thick fallen leaves can make plants under them unable to breathe, especially shorter grass. They shut down important photosynthesis (光合作用) and get in the way of the growth of the shorter grass. However, this received wisdom has recently been questioned by researchers at Wisconsin University. The key finding of their new research was that although clearing fallen leaves is one of the most common gardening practices, it makes very little sense. In natural ecosystems, fallen leaves help return nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth to the soil, which greatly improves soil condition. Removing leaves year after year breaks this ecological (生态的) balance. Letting some leaves stick around to cover your garden is a great way to help your grass and the local ecosystem. They further explained that if up to 50 percent of your grass lawn (草坪) is covered by fallen leaves, you might as well go back indoors and put your feet up. The advantages of this light leaf coverage far outweigh the disadvantages — the leaves will quickly break down and help next year’s lawn grow far better than if you had cleared them. Only at over 50 percent coverage do the Wisconsin researchers recommend clearing. So why not consider leaving the leaves? Save time, carbon and effort, and in exchange get a healthier lawn from this garden waste — that seems like a pretty good deal. And how many plastic bags could be saved by simply not binning fallen leaves every year? In the US alone, about 700 million. 28．What does the author describe in paragraph 1? A．An amazing autumn game. B．A common sight in gardens. C．A hot attraction in the north. D．An extreme weather event. 29．What is the received wisdom? A．Fallen leaves need not be cleared. B．Fallen leaves protect shorter grass. C．Fallen leaves block photosynthesis. D．Fallen leaves are hard to break down. 30．The new research finds clearing fallen leaves makes little sense, because ________. A．it ruins city image B．it breaks gardening rules C．it affects local economy D．it causes ecological damage 31．What’s the author’s attitude to Wisconsin University’s study? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述每年都会有数以百万计的园丁在晚秋移除落叶，但是威斯康星大学最近研究表明，落叶有助于将植物健康生长所需的营养物质返还给土壤，这会大大改善土壤的状况。年复一年地移除树叶打破了这种生态平衡。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is late autumn — millions of gardeners across the northern hemisphere pulled on their thickest sweaters, spent hours clearing large piles of leaves and packed them into plastic bags at the end of driveways.(这是晚秋——北半球数以百万计的园丁，穿上他们厚厚的毛衣，花费几个小时清理树叶然后把它们装进车道尽头的塑料袋里)”可知，作者描述的是花园里常见的情景。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“They shut down important photosynthesis (光合作用) and get in the way of the growth of the shorter grass. However, this received wisdom has recently been questioned by researchers at Wisconsin University.(它们关闭了重要的光合作用，阻碍了较矮的草的生长。然而，这一公认的智慧最近受到了威斯康星大学研究人员的质疑)”可知，落叶阻碍光合作用是公认的智慧。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“In natural ecosystems, fallen leaves help return nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth to the soil, which greatly improves soil condition. Removing leaves year after year breaks this ecological (生态的) balance.(在自然生态系统中，落叶有助于将植物健康生长所需的营养物质返还给土壤，这会大大改善土壤的状况。年复一年地移除树叶打破了这种生态平衡)”可知，研究人员发现清理落叶毫无意义是因为这会对生态造成破坏。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So why not consider leaving the leaves? Save time, carbon and effort, and in exchange get a healthier lawn from this garden waste — that seems like a pretty good deal. And how many plastic bags could be saved by simply not binning fallen leaves every year? In the US alone, about 700 million.(那么，为什么不考虑留下树叶呢？节省时间、碳排放和精力，作为交换，从这些花园垃圾中获得更健康的草坪——这似乎是一笔相当不错的交易。每年只要不把落叶扔进垃圾桶，就能节省多少塑料袋呢？仅在美国，就有7亿人)”可知，作者对于威斯康星大学的研究是拥护的。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末） Four of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in 2023 Indeed, 2023 was host to a variety of natural disasters, some of them taking thousands of lives at once. Here are four of the deadliest natural disasters of 2023. Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar A big storm called Cyclone Mocha hit Myanmar on May 14. It caused very fast winds and sudden lightning. At least 145 people died because of it. — Many of the people who died were from a group — called Rohingya. This storm was one of the worst that Myanmar has experienced in a long time. Earthquake Joy in Nepal On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people. Sitting at the meeting point of the Indian and Asian tectonic (地壳构造的) plates, this mountainous nation is no stranger to earthquakes. One of its most destructive earthquakes took almost 9,000 lives in 2015. Storm Daniel in Libya On September 10, a big storm named Daniel hit the city of Derna in Libya, located near the Mediterranean Sea. It brought a lot of rain and floods, and it broke two dams in the city. By October 31, it was reported that 4,352 people had died, while an additional 8,000 were missing and thought to be dead. Floods in the DRC Early May brought heavy rainfall to the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, causing flash flooding and mudslides. The flood water killed at least 438 people and left thousands more missing or homeless. Heavy rain and extreme flooding have become increasingly common in Africa in recent years due to climate change, according to the U. N. 32．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths? A．Floods in the DRC． B．Storm Daniel in Libya. C．Earthquake Joy in Nepal. D．Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar. 33．What do the disasters that happened in Myanmar and DRC have in common? A．They happened in the same month. B．They are of the same type of disaster. C．They lasted for nearly half a week. D．They have the same number of deaths. 34．What do we know about the earthquake Joy in Nepal? A．It happened in 2015. B．It happened in summer. C．It was caused by heavy rain. D．It resulted in about 160 deaths. 【答案】32．B 33．A 34．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章列举了2023年四个最严重的自然灾害，并描述了它们的发生时间、地点、伤亡情况等。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“At least 145 people died because of it.(至少145人因此丧生)”；第三段“On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people.(11月3日，尼泊尔西部发生5.6级“乔伊”地震，造成至少157人死亡)”；第四段“By October 31, it was reported that 4,352 people had died, while an additional 8,000 were missing and thought to be dead.(截至10月31日，据报道已有4352人死亡，另有8000人失踪，据信已经死亡)”以及最后一段“The flood water killed at least 438 people and left thousands more missing or homeless.(洪水造成至少438人死亡，数千人失踪或无家可归)”可知，利比亚达里尔风暴造成死亡人数最多。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“A big storm called Cyclone Mocha hit Myanmar on May 14.(5月14日，一场名为“摩卡”的强风暴袭击了缅甸)”以及最后一段“Early May brought heavy rainfall to the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, causing flash flooding and mudslides. (5月初，刚果民主共和国东部地区遭遇强降雨，引发山洪和泥石流)”可知，发生在缅甸和刚果民主共和国的灾难的共同之处是发生在同一个月。故选A。 34．细节理解题。第三段“On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people.(11月3日，尼泊尔西部发生5.6级“乔伊”地震，造成至少157人死亡)”可知，Joy造成大约160例死亡。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·宿州十三校联考·期末） Several years ago, a worldwide heavy rain was predicted, but no one got prepared for what was to come. Then, some areas received over 100 mm of rain. Cars and trucks floated down the streets. Whole buildings were swept away. At least 225 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless. The weather is always changing. Over the past few years, heavy rains have led to floods in many parts of the world. Droughts have taken place in Brazil and Australia. There have been heat waves in Europe which killed thousands. There have been more powerful hurricanes and tornadoes than ever before. In 2017 alone, the financial cost from global weather events was up to 340 billion dollars. With more wild weather events happening, people couldn’t help asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or our fault? The answer seems to be: a little of both. Wild weather is natural. But most scientists hold the same view that human activity has made the Earth warmer. It is this global warming that makes heat waves more likely. The higher temperatures also result in more water going into the air, which causes heavier and more frequent rain. Many scientists also believe global warming makes hurricanes and other storms stronger. This means we’re likely to see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and accept it,” says scientist Michael. He and other experts say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives. 35．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph? A．A past weather event happened in some areas in the world. B．Some facts are listed about the global warming. C．A number of recent weather events happened over the world. D．Wild weather is partly the result of human activity. 36．How does paragraph two develop? A．By giving a lot of examples of recent wild weather events. B．By describing a serious flood that once happened. C．By predicting how the weather will change in a few years. D．By comparing the former wild weather with what happened now 37．What does scientist Michael’s words mean? A．People can not do anything to prevent wild weather. B．If people stop global warming, the weather will be better. C．It is too late to stop global warming. D．People have to stand by and accept what will happen to us. 38．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a tourist brochure B．In a research paper C．In a science fiction D．In a nature magazine 【答案】35．A 36．A 37．B 38．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文介绍了恶劣天气事件的增多及背后的原因，并提出了我们应该如何对待这一现象。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Then, some areas received over 100 cm of rain. Cars and trucks floated down the streets. Whole buildings were swept away. At least 225 people lost their lives, and millions became homeless.(当时，一些地区的降雨量超过了100厘米。汽车和卡车沿街行驶。整座建筑物被冲走。至少225人丧生，数百万人无家可归)”可知，第一段描述了过去发生在世界上的一些地区的天气事件。故选A。 36．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Over the past few years, heavy rains have led to floods in many parts of the world. Droughts have taken place in Brazil and Australia. There have been heat waves in Europe which killed thousands. There have been more powerful hurricanes and tornadoes than ever before. In 2017 alone, the financial cost from global weather events was up to 340 billion dollars.(在过去的几年里，暴雨在世界许多地方导致了洪水。巴西和澳大利亚也发生了干旱。欧洲的热浪造成数千人死亡。飓风和龙卷风的威力比以往任何时候都大。仅在2017年，全球天气事件造成的经济损失就高达3400亿美元)”可知，文章第二段列举了很多最近恶劣天气事件的例子。故选A。 37．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This means we’re likely to see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and accept it,” says scientist Michael. He and other experts say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives.(这意味着我们可能会看到更多的恶劣天气。“但我们不必只是站在那里接受它，”科学家迈克尔说。他和其他专家表示，我们需要阻止地球变暖。我们还需要做好准备，做一些有助于拯救生命的事情)”可知，迈克尔的话表明，全球变暖对气候有影响，如果人们阻止全球变暖，天气会更好。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The weather is always changing.(天气总是在变化)”及第三段“With more wild weather events happening, people couldn’t help asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or our fault? The answer seems to be: a little of both.(随着越来越多的恶劣天气事件的发生，人们不禁要问：天气怎么了？为什么？这是自然的，还是我们的错？答案似乎是:两者兼而有之)”可知，本文介绍了恶劣天气事件的增多及背后的原因及我们应该如何对待这一现象，文章应该出自自然杂志。故选D。 主题01 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·安徽安庆·期末） Two years ago Lucy was saved from a rural area in New South Wales, Australia. Today, she is one of the lucky animals living in rows of trees that have been created to protect koalas and other animals by saving their smaller and smaller habitat (栖息地) , or natural environment. The trees, planted by the local protection group Bangalow Koalas, are made up of large systems of plants. They are a lifeline for koalas and other animals. All of them are in danger of dying out, or at risk of extinction. The trees provide a safe way across the koala’s increasingly broken habitat. This protects koalas from human threats (威胁). “Our trees are actually trying to get them away from humans, cars and dogs. ”said Linda Sparrow. President of Bangalow Koalas. The koala is expected to die out in the wild in New South Wales by 2050. Some of the biggest threats include wildfires and habitat loss through land clearing for development. Bangalow Koalas has planted over 336,000 trees on 119 areas, helping koala protection and improving the local ecosystem (生态系统). The group, which depends on community volunteers, aims to plant 500,000 trees by 2025. “The neighbor would want to join and then another neighbor would want to join. ”Sparrow said. Volunteer Lindy Stacker, who has been planting trees for over five years. A recent report by the Australian Koala Foundation said the animal was worth about $3.2 billion per year to the tourism industry. However. the World Wildlife Fund-Australia reported a drop in koala populations in Australian states. “I can’t imagine a world where there are no koalas in the wild. ” Sparrow said. “We’re going to do our best to make sure that doesn’t happen. ” 1．Why is Lucy mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show it is important to plant trees. B．To suggest a way to protect nature. C．To introduce a special kind of living thing. D．To compare koalas with other animals. 2．What does the underlined word “extinction” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Growing. B．Disappearing. C．Reducing. D．Failing. 3．How does Sparrow feel about koalas’ future? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Positive. D．Disappointed. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Protection Group B．The Polluted Environment C．Human Threats D．More Trees, More Hope 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚的考拉和其它一些动物都面临着数量减少，濒临灭绝的危险，当地保护组织正在尽自己最大的努力，采取措施保护这些野生动物。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, she is one of the lucky animals living in rows of trees that have been created to protect koalas and other animals by saving their smaller and smaller habitat(栖息地) , or natural environment.”（如今，她是生活在一排排树木中的幸运动物之一，这些树木是为了保护考拉和其他动物，拯救它们越来越小的栖息地或自然环境而建造的。）和第二段“They are a lifeline for koalas and other animals.”（它们是考拉和其他动物的生命线。）可知，Lucy因种植的树木而幸运地存活下来，种植树木起到了保护考拉和其他动物的作用，树木成为了这些动物的生命线，可见第一段提到Lucy是为表明种植树木的重要性。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“All of them are in danger of dying out, or at risk of extinction.”（它们都有灭绝的危险，或者有extinction的危险。）可知，“extinction”应该与“dying out”意思相同，表示“灭绝、消失”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I can’t imagine a world where there’s no koalas in the wild. ” Sparrow said. “We’re going to do our best to make sure that doesn’t happen. ””（“我无法想象一个没有考拉的世界。”Sparrow说，“我们将尽最大努力确保这种情况不会发生。”）可知，Sparrow认为他们会尽全力保护考拉，不会让考拉灭绝，可见她对考拉的未来感到乐观。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Today, she is one of the lucky animals living in rows of trees that have been created to protect koalas and other animals by saving their smaller and smaller habitat(栖息地) , or natural environment.”（如今，她是生活在一排排树木中的幸运动物之一，这些树木是为了保护考拉和其他动物，拯救它们越来越小的栖息地或自然环境而建造的。）、第二段“The trees, planted by the local protection group Bangalow Koalas, are made up of large systems of plants. They are a lifeline for koalas and other animals.”（这些树是由当地保护组织Bangalow Koalas种植的，由大型植物系统组成。它们是考拉和其他动物的生命线。）和第四段“Bangalow Koalas has planted over 336, 000 trees on 119 areas, helping koala protection and improving the local ecosystem(生态系统).”（Bangalow Koalas在119个地区种植了33.6万棵树，帮助保护考拉，改善当地生态系统。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了种植树木对于保护考拉和其他动物的重要性，种的树木越多，考拉和其他动物的未来就越充满希望。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·安徽庐江·期末） Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively (相对地) small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulations by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 5．The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________. A．heart problems and exercising B．heart problems and smoking C．heart problems and fatty food D．heart problems and air quality 6．What does the underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Relatively high. B．Relatively low. C．Too low. D．Too high. 7．What can we learn from the text? A．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. B．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. C．The EPA did many studies on air quality. D．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. 8．The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________. A．introduce B．describe C．entertain D．persuade 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.(但还有一个因素会更直接地导致你的心脏问题:你呼吸的空气)”可知，本文主要讲述了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响，即讨论空气质量与心脏问题的关系。故选D。 6．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively (相对地) small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure(这两项研究的作者都强调，这些风险对健康人来说相对较小，与吸烟和高血压等其他风险因素相比，当然是modest)” 可知，此处把这些对于健康人相对较小的风险与吸烟和高血压等风险进行比较，结合常识和certainly可推断，此处modest表示“相对较低”，呼应前文的relatively small，故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据文章中第三段的“So stricter regulations by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health(因此，美国环保署对污染物制定更严格的规定不仅可以改善环境空气质量，而且对保护公众健康也是必要的)”可知，从文章中我们可以得知，对污染物进行更严格的监管可以改善环境空气质量，对保护公众健康也是必要的。所以应该对污染物制定更严格的规定。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.(但还有一个因素会更直接地导致你的心脏问题：你呼吸的空气)”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了吸入了受污染的空气对人类的心脏造成了极大的影响，客观地给读者讲述了这个问题，因此作者写这篇文章的目的很可能是为了传达信息。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·安徽宣城·期末） Monkfish are low in calories and they are easy to cook. They can be cut into pieces, mixed with egg whites, cornflour and salt, and then put into boiling water for a few minutes. There is only one problem with monkfish: they are ugly. With their eyes sticking out and wide mouths full of sharp teeth, they are frightening. In the Netherlands, fishermen who caught them used to throw them back. They are still usually sold without their heads, but the days of throwing them away are long gone. Japanese diners love the fatty liver; while Italians may still call them toad tails, that doesn’t stop them from eating the fish. People have been encouraged to eat more monkfish, as well as other unattractive creatures — in order to ensure the biodiversity of the ocean environment. There are more examples for sea animals going from “purposely avoided” to “willingly consumed”. In America, lobsters used to be fed to prisoners — a result of their abundance but also, no doubt, because they are difficult to eat and look frightening. Not until the late 19th century did they become fantastic dish. Today they are so desirable that Maine, where most American lobsters are caught, has the images of these creatures printed on many of its vehicles. Sometimes fashion goes the other way. Turtles were plentiful in early America, but in the 19th century they became fashionable: few foods were more recommended than turtle soup. Americans ate some species of turtle nearly to extinction. Yet today turtle-eating is more closely associated with remote and uncultured areas. Among cooking choices, people prefer the rare and the beautiful one than the unattractive one. But such narrow-minded food choices can have bad results: some species may not survive human preference for them. Better to stare into monkfish’s eyes than to contribute to the permanent loss of a species. 9．How were monkfish treated in the Netherlands? A．They were abandoned by local fishermen. B．They were popular due to their fatty livers. C．They were called toad tails from time to time. D．They were considered a danger to the ecosystem. 10．Why are lobsters mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To stress its abundance in America. B．To make a comparison with monkfish. C．To prove prisoners used to be fed on seafood. D．To show people’s food habits keep changing. 11．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Turtle-eating has been out of date now. B．Turtles have completely disappeared in America. C．Turtles were purposely avoided among food choices. D．Turtle-eating was against fashion in the 19th century. 12．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To introduce rare undersea wildlife. B．To encourage people to eat seafood. C．To explain why people dislike monkfish. D．To call for the protection of biodiversity. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．A 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以安康鱼为例，说明海洋动物从“故意避免”变成“自愿食用”，这一做法是为了保护生物多样性。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the Netherlands, fishermen who caught them used to throw them back.(在荷兰，捕获它们的渔民过去常常把它们扔回去)”可知，在荷兰，安康鱼被当地渔民遗弃。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“There are more examples for sea animals going from “purposely avoided” to “willingly consumed”. In America, lobsters used to be fed to prisoners—a result of their abundance but also, no doubt, because they are difficult to eat and look frightening. Not until the late 19th century did they become fantastic dish. Today they are so desirable that Maine, where most American lobsters are caught, has the images of these creatures printed on many of its vehicles.(有更多的例子表明，海洋动物从“故意避免”变成“自愿食用”。在美国，龙虾曾经被用来喂囚犯——这不仅是因为它们的数量多，而且毫无疑问，因为它们很难吃，而且看起来很吓人。直到19世纪后期，它们才成为美味佳肴。如今，它们是如此抢手，以至于缅因州——美国龙虾的主要捕捞地——在许多交通工具上都印上了这些生物的图像)”可推知，第三段提到了龙虾是为了显示人们的饮食习惯在不断变化。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Yet today turtle-eating is more closely associated with remote and uncultured areas. (然而，今天吃乌龟与偏远和未开垦的地区联系更紧密)”可知，吃乌龟现在已经过时了。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“People have been encouraged to eat more monkfish, as well as other unattractive creatures—in order to ensure the biodiversity of the ocean environment.(为了确保海洋环境的生物多样性，人们被鼓励多吃安康鱼，以及其他没有吸引力的生物)”结合文章以安康鱼为例，说明海洋动物从“故意避免”变成“自愿食用”，这一做法是为了保护生物多样性。可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁保护生物多样性。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·合肥一中·期末） Have you heard of the term “tweenager”? It’s a slang (俚语) word used in the UK to describe children between about ten and twelve years old. They are between being a junior and a teenager. Why do the press and media refer to kids in this way? Well, more and more companies now create products and services for tweenagers. They seem to tell us that tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they’ve ever had before. Most children in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago. Despite problems happening fairly often and regularly in the economy, parents generally have more money to give than before, since they are having fewer children on average than in the past. In addition, a higher divorce (离婚) rate in the UK makes parents try to compensate by buying presents for their children. It’s a bad habit for both parents and children to get into, but parents are under constant pressure from commercial marketing and the requests of their children. You may wonder how tweenagers have more freedom than previous generations. Well, UK children today are very media- and computer-literate. They have access to much more information about life and the world. They may have experienced a lot in life as well. With such sophistication (老于世故) at such a young age, it’s no wonder tweenagers are able to influence their parents. Now UK tweenagers are also very fashion-conscious and concerned about their images. In a world of television programs that promise immediate success and fame at a young age, some people think it’s extremely important to look fashionable. So what does tweenage fashion look like? It’s lots of brightly colored materials, particularly pink, and usually plain, not patterned. There are plenty of bows, necklaces and bracelets, too. But can it really be healthy for us to encourage kids to be like adults at a young age? Are we stealing childhoods in return for a bit of profit? Well, the UK government is certainly concerned, and for that reason has strict laws preventing companies from clearly and openly marketing their products and services to children. 13．What is the use of the first paragraph? A．To explain a concept and bring up the topic. B．To tell the difference between a junior and a teenager. C．To show why people in the UK prefer to use the slang. D．To state how the slang came into being and make a summary. 14．Why are more products and services created for tweenagers? A．Because children education is becoming more important. B．Because they are more affordable to tweenagers. C．Because it is better to study music from an early age. D．Because more companies are creating products and services. 15．What does the underlined word “compensate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Keep company. B．Reward. C．Make up. D．Motivate. 16．Why do tweenagers pay more attention to their appearance? A．They are afraid of being laughed at by others. B．They have less freedom than previous generations. C．They wish to become successful and famous quickly. D．They are encouraged to be like adults at a young age. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国十到十二岁的青少年鲜明的个性和行为特征。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Have you heard of the term ‘tweenager’? It’s a slang (俚语) word used in the UK to describe children between about ten and twelve years old. They are between being a junior and a teenager. Why do the press and media refer to kids in this way?(你听说过‘tweenager’这个词吗？这是英国的一个俚语，用来形容十到十二岁的孩子。他们介于初中生和青少年之间。为什么新闻和媒体用这种方式称呼孩子呢？)”可知，此处解释了“tweenager”的含义，同时最后用一个问题“Why do the press and media refer to kids in this way?”引出下文关于tweenager话题。由此推知，第一段用来解释概念并引出主题。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Well, more and more companies now create products and services for tweenagers. They seem to tell us that tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they’ve ever had before.(嗯，现在越来越多的公司为青少年创造产品和服务。他们似乎在告诉我们，青少年一定比以前拥有更多的金钱、自由和对父母的影响力)”可知，因为青少年更能负担得起，越来越多的公司为青少年创造产品和服务。故选B。 15．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In addition, a higher divorce (离婚) rate in the UK makes parents try to compensate by buying presents for their children. (此外，英国较高的离婚率让父母试图通过给孩子买礼物来compensate)”可知，青少年能从父母那里得到更多零花钱是因为他们的父母想通过这种方式弥补他们的缺习。由此推知，划线词与C项make up“弥补”意思一致。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Now UK tweenagers are also very fashion-conscious and concerned about their images. In a world of television programs that promise immediate success and fame at a young age, some people think it’s extremely important to look fashionable.(现在，英国的青少年也非常注重时尚，关心自己的形象。在一个充斥着承诺年轻时就能立即获得成功和名声的电视节目的世界里，有些人认为看起来很时尚是非常重要的)”可推知，青少年们希望迅速成功和出名，所以更注重自己的外表。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·合肥六中·期末） Morocco’s national women’s soccer team is set to make its first appearance at the FIFA Women’s World Cup. After years of being largely hidden, Moroccan women’s soccer is getting new growth at home and around the world. During one game in May, the audience was not very big. The game was between a Moroccan national women’s professional league team and the armed forces team called ASFAR. ASFAR, a strong women’s team in Morocco, won 7 to 0. Dressed in a shirt reading “Morocco” in Arabic, Aliae Benazzouza went to the field to meet the players. “I was very happy,” the young girl said. Idriss Benazzouza is Aliae’s father. “I teach my daughters confidence, not fear,” he said. “There is no difference between men and women in physical exercise.” The national women’s team is known as the Lionesses. Benazzouza said the Lionesses shows “how women’s soccer has progressed” in the North African country. He said the team has filed him with joy. Morocco hosted the 2022 Women’s Africa Cup of Nations. The event drew large numbers of fans and augmented interest in this year’s worldwide women’s championship. Hiba Karami plays for a local team called Fath Union Sport. The development in women’s soccer has made a dream of hers a reality. Last year, Karami was one of the players playing for Morocco in the FIFA under-17 Women’s World Cup. “Some kids or men would say that women belonged (属于) in the kitchen and weren’t made for soccer,” she said. “I knew that I loved the game and that I would play. Boys in my neighborhood accepted me because I played better than they did and they thought of me as a role model.” Nouhaila Benzina also plays for the national team and for ASFAR. She said her soccer career (职业) opened up new chances for her. The 25-year-old never saw soccer going against her clothing. Many look up to her. “This makes me want to work harder to show girls that they can achieve great things,” Benzina said. 17．Which matches Aliae’s father’s opinion? A．Women athletes are more popular. B．Women should work for happiness. C．Women play better than men in soccer. D．Sports are fit for both men and women. 18．What does the underlined word “augmented” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Lost. B．Increased. C．Showed. D．Compared. 19．Why did the boys show respect to her according to Karami? A．She was good at soccer. B．She was friendly to them. C．She was a famous player. D．She taught them to play soccer. 20．How does Benzina feel about her career? A．Relaxed. B．Worried. C．Helpless. D．Confident. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。摩洛哥国家女子足球队将首次亮相国际足联女足世界杯。经过多年的隐藏，摩洛哥女子足球在国内和世界各地都有了新的发展。文章介绍了一些女足球选手的情况。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Idriss Benazzouza is Aliae’s father. “I teach my daughters confidence, not fear,” he said. “There is no difference between men and women in physical exercise.”(Idriss Benazzouza是Aliae的父亲。“我教我的女儿们自信，而不是恐惧，”他说。“男性和女性在体育锻炼方面没有区别。”)”可知，运动男女都适合符合艾莉父亲的观点。故选D。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The event drew large numbers of fans and”以及后文“interest in this year’s worldwide women’s championship”可知，这一赛事吸引了大批粉丝，所以是增加了人们对今年世界女子锦标赛的兴趣。故划线词意思是“增加”。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Last year, Karami was one of the players playing for Morocco in the FIFA under-17 Women’s World Cup. “Some kids or men would say that women belonged (属于) in the kitchen and weren’t made for soccer,” she said. “I knew that I loved the game and that I would play. Boys in my neighborhood accepted me because I played better than they did and they thought of me as a role model.”(去年，卡拉米是代表摩洛哥参加国际足联17岁以下女子世界杯的球员之一。“有些孩子或男人会说，女人属于厨房，不适合踢足球，”她说。“我知道我喜欢这个游戏，我也会去比赛。邻居们都接受我，因为我比他们踢得好，他们把我当作榜样。”)”可知，根据卡拉米的说法，男孩们对她表示尊重是因为她擅长踢足球。故选A。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段““This makes me want to work harder to show girls that they can achieve great things,” Benzina said.( “这让我想更加努力地向女孩们展示她们可以取得伟大的成就，”本齐娜说)”可知，本齐娜对自己的职业生涯感到自信。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·安徽淮北·期末） Any creature or person that has both organic (与有机体有关的) and non-organic body parts can technically be considered a cyborg. This means that anyone who has a pace-maker to control their heartbeat, or a cochlear implant (耳蜗移植) to restore their hearing, could technically be called one. The above are examples of “restorative” cyborgs, because technology is restoring an ability that a healthy human would normally have. More recent advancements in this field include robotic arms and legs, which are controlled by sensors (传感器) to receive muscle signals. Recently, brain implants have allowed disabled people to perform simple computer tasks. But with these rapid advances in technology, another variety of cyborg will soon become more common— ‘Advanced’ cyborgs. If it’s possible to make man-made body parts which are as good as their organic ones, then surely it will become possible to make ones that are even better. Possible cyborg advancements that may exist in the future include man-made joints which increase your speed and strength. Advanced brain chips (芯片) which allow you to control machines with a thought. Or visual implants which improve your eyesight or allow you to see colors that can’t be seen previously to the human eye. However, some people worry that this technology could be dangerous. New ways of exciting the pleasure centers of people’s brains could lead to new forms of addiction. Others worry that it could lead to inequality in healthcare, with the high cost of implants causing the wealthy to gain further advantages over the poor. Implants which restore the abilities of those who are injured are a wonderful medical advancement. But as physical enhancements that allow people to do more and live longer become more common, the choice will be between combining with machines or being left behind. 21．Which of the following is a cyborg? A．A pace-maker. B．A robot with strong arms. C．A brain implant. D．An animal with a robotic leg. 22．What ability may an advanced cyborg have according to the text? A．Seeing more colors than normal people. B．Directing people with brain. C．Creating the man-made joints. D．Repairing the organic body parts. 23．What can we infer from the text? A．The poor could gain new addiction. B．The wealthy could live longer than the poor. C．Cyborgs no longer need healthcare. D．Cyborgs could avoid any form of injury. 24．Where can the text be found? A．A report on a robotic project. B．A fictional novel on cyborgs. C．A fitness and well-being brochure. D．A magazine on new science. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是半机械人以及但随着科技的飞速发展，另一种“高级”半机械人将很快变得更加普遍。文章介绍了它们的优点以及担忧。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Any creature or person that has both organic (与有机体有关的) and non-organic body parts can technically be considered a cyborg.(任何具有有机和非有机身体部位的生物或人在技术上都可以被认为是半机械人)”可知，有机械腿的动物是半机械人。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Or visual implants which improve your eyesight or allow you to see colors that can’t be seen previously to the human eye. (或者是视觉植入物，它可以改善你的视力，或者让你看到以前人眼看不到的颜色)”可知，高级半机械人能够比正常人看到更多的颜色。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Others worry that it could lead to inequality in healthcare, with the high cost of implants causing the wealthy to gain further advantages over the poor.(另一些人则担心，这可能会导致医疗保健领域的不平等，因为植入物的高成本会让富人进一步获得相对于穷人的优势)”可推知，富人可能比穷人活得长。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段“The above are examples of “restorative” cyborgs, because technology is restoring an ability that a healthy human would normally have. More recent advancements in this field include robotic arms and legs, which are controlled by sensors (传感器) to receive muscle signals. Recently, brain implants have allowed disabled people to perform simple computer tasks.(以上是“恢复性”半机械人的例子，因为技术正在恢复健康人通常拥有的能力。该领域的最新进展包括机器人手臂和机器人腿，它们由传感器控制以接收肌肉信号。最近，大脑植入物使残疾人能够执行简单的计算机任务)”结合文章主要说明了什么是半机械人以及但随着科技的飞速发展，另一种“高级”半机械人将很快变得更加普遍。文章介绍了它们的优点以及担忧。可推知，文章选自关于新科学的杂志。故选D。 Passage 4 （23-24高一上·六安二中·期末） With a host of research showing that late night eating is linked to great er body weight, it’s no wonder avoiding late night eating has long been suggested to people who plan to lose weight. But until now, few studies have actually investigated (调查) why. This is what a recent US study set out to uncover. Researchers had 16 participants follow two different meal schedules, each for a period of six days in total. The first group had their meals early in the day with the last meal consumed six hours and 40 minutes before bedtime. The second group had their daily meals four hours later. This meant they skipped breakfast and instead had lunch, dinner and an evening meal. Their last meal was consumed only two and a half hours before sleep. All the participants consumed the same diet, and all of their meals were equally space d with around four hours between them. The researchers looked at three measures associated with weight gain: the influence of appetite, the impact of eating time on calories burned, and changes of fat tissue (组织). They found that compared to an early eating pattern, late eating not only increased feelings of hunger the following day, it also increased the rate of “hunger” hormones (激素) in the blood. Late eating also caused a decrease in calories burned the following day. Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage. These results suggest that late eating could lead to weight gain. Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time, more research will be needed to further understand whether these changes are only temporary, and what effects long-term late night eating can have on the weight gain mechanisms (机制). Anyway, this study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Therefore, people who are watching their weight may want to stay away from the late night snacks and favour eating most of their meals earlier. 25．What is the study designed to do? A．To provide suggestions on losing weight. B．To prove the findings of the past research. C．To explore why a late night meal causes weight gain. D．To figure out a better meal schedule. 26．What do the two groups have in common? A．They had breakfast four hours later than normal. B．They had daily meals roughly every four hours. C．They had some light snacks between meals. D．Their late night meal lasted for about 150 minutes. 27．Which of the following is a result of late eating? A．The slow intake of nutrition. B．The end in feeling hungry. C．The increase in blood pressure. D．The greater accumulation(累积) of fat. 28．What is the limitation of the study? A．A small number of participants and trial days. B．The different eating times in the two groups. C．Lack of more measures related to weight gain. D．Limited tissue samples taken from volunteers. 【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，晚食可能导致体重增加，并解释了这一现象的原因。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“With a host of research showing that late night eating is linked to great er body weight, it’s no wonder avoiding late night eating has long been suggested to people who plan to lose weight. But until now, few studies have actually investigated (调查) why. This is what a recent US study set out to uncover.(大量研究表明，深夜进食与体重增加有关，难怪长期以来一直建议计划减肥的人避免深夜进食。但直到现在，很少有研究真正调查了其中的原因。这是美国最近的一项研究所揭示的)”可知，研究的目的是了解为什么深夜用餐会导致体重增加。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“All the participants consumed the same diet, and all of their meals were equally space d with around four hours between them.(所有的参与者都吃同样的食物，他们每顿饭的间隔都是一样的，每次间隔大约4小时)”可知，这两个群体的共同之处在于他们每天大约每四小时吃一顿饭。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage. These results suggest that late eating could lead to weight gain.(从参与者身上采集的脂肪组织样本也显示出脂肪储存的增加。这些结果表明，吃得晚可能会导致体重增加)”可知，晚上吃饭的结果是更多的脂肪堆积。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time, more research will be needed to further understand whether these changes are only temporary, and what effects long-term late night eating can have on the weight gain mechanisms (机制).(考虑到这项研究只在有限的参与者中进行，而且时间很短，需要更多的研究来进一步了解这些变化是否只是暂时的，以及长期深夜进食对体重增加的机制有什么影响)”可知，本研究的局限性是参与者和试验天数太少。故选A。 Passage 5 （23-24高一上·安徽淮北·期末） WHY SHENNONGJIA? As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it on to the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia? UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sealevel, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”. For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3, 000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral richness. It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1, 300 in 2015 and continues to grow. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. 29．Why is Shennongjia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List? A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. B．Because it is the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine. C．Because it satisfies the two requirements for the status. D．Because it has the mysterious creature called “Yeren”. 30．Shennongjia is also called the“__________”. A．Roof of Central China B．Roof of Northern China C．Roof of Eastern China D．Roof of Southern China 31．How does the author think of the scientists in Shennongjia? A．Patient. B．Careful. C．Confident. D．Hard-working. 32．According to the text, what impressed the author most? A．A local village. B．The local people. C．Some special monkeys. D．The wild bees. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神农架被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录的原因。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. (联合国教科文组织授予神农架这一地位，是因为它满足了名录所要求的两个标准。)”可知，联合国教科文组织将神农架授予这一地位，因为它符合清单所要求的两个标准。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”(因此被称为“华中屋脊”)”可知，该地区被誉为“华中屋脊”。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. (照顾这么多的物种是一项挑战。在冬天，科学家们冒着大雪和寒冷的气温为金丝猴提供食物。)”可推断，作者认为照顾如此多的物种的科学家们是努力的、辛苦的。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people (但神农架最令人印象深刻的是当地人)”可知，神农架最令人印象深刻的方面是当地人。故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $