专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末） Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonorable—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 1．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 2．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 3．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能撰写文章从而使自己的声誉受损的事情。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损（如果不是完全不诚实的话）的媒体公司。）可知，《体育画报》的人工智能可能会损坏它的好名声。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website.”（本周，《未来主义》网站报道，《体育画报》使用了它无法识别的作者所写的故事。在询问《体育画报》后，《未来主义》表示，所有使用人工智能生成照片的作者都从该杂志的网站上消失了。）可知，未来派质疑《体育画报》因为该杂志的网站上使用了人工智能生成的故事。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs.”（许多公司正在测试这项新技术，而人类工人担心它可能会导致cost工作。）可知人类担心因新技术的测试使他们失去工作，推断出划线单词意为“使失去”，和C项“这样的行为会使你失去在团队中的地位”中的cost意思一致。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损(如果不是完全不诚实的话)的媒体公司。这家一度强大的媒体公司表示，将解雇一家为其网站撰写文章的公司，这些文章的作者显然是不存在的。）可知，文章主要介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能写文章使自己的声誉受损并遭到质疑，所以C项“人工智能写作毁了媒体公司的声誉”符合题意。故选C项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州西湖区·期末) In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 1．What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A．They launched a peace campaign. B．They discussed a planned nuclear test. C．They spread an immortal peace slogan. D．They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 2．What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A．Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B．They both associated the color green with their leaders. C．Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D．They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 3．What can be inferred according to the text? A．The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B．Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C．Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D．Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 4．How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A．Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B．Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C．The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D．The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。它结合了历史叙述、文化分析和科学解释，以阐述绿色与环境保护、自然以及人类历史之间的紧密联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace! ”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”.(1970年2月，一群嬉皮士和激进分子聚集在加拿大温哥华，讨论在阿拉斯加阿姆奇特卡岛进行核试验的计划。他们最终同意乘船前往试验场，亲自抗议爆炸。会议结束时，主席向房间里举起两根手指，喊道：“和平！”。在短暂的停顿之后，一位年轻的与会者回应说：“让我们实现绿色和平。”)”可知，嬉皮士和激进分子在1970年结束温哥华的集会后发起了一场和平运动。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”.(从公元前8000年开始在尼罗河沿岸耕作的古埃及人同样用绿色来标识他们的作物。他们对这种颜色的称呼是“wadj”，也有“繁盛”的意思)”以及第五段“All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason.(在世界各地，人们通过绿色材料与自然交流。例如，玉石被用来制作保证丰收的物品。玛雅人用玉死亡面具埋葬他们的领袖正是出于这个原因)”可知，古埃及人和玛雅人都将绿色与丰收联系起来，古埃及人称绿色为“wadj”，意为“繁荣”，而玛雅人则将玉作为保证丰收的材料。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new-found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的).(西方社会花了更长的时间才接受自然之美，进而接受绿色。但到了中世纪下半叶，欧洲作家将他们对风景的新信仰注入了这种颜色，将其与肥沃、生长、春天、希望和喜悦联系起来。到17世纪末，英国诗人开始意识到，就像我们今天所做的那样，绿色空间可以具有深刻的治疗作用)”可推知，西方社会经历了一个缓慢而渐进的认识自然的过程。故选C项。 4．词句猜测题。根据后文“After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning.(毕竟，对于早期等待嫩芽从土壤中冒出来的农民，对于决心实现可持续未来的现代活动家来说，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色——希望在漫长寒冷的冬天或干旱的夏天之后，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始)”可知，绿色过去是，现在也是希望的颜色，叶绿素的到来将预示着一个新的开始，推知a decisive weapon指的是叶子中的色素以及绿色所代表的希望。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——公共服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) According to the Gallup World Poll for the World Happiness Report 2024, America has fallen out of the top 20 happiest countries for the first time. This is not surprising considering the rising costs of living and a number of daily disturbing news reports. But the key factor is that social media has replaced in-person interaction and often creates a feeling of missing out. One way that companies can help deal with these challenges is holding community-building activities and providing employees (雇员) with social purpose. A recent study by Ares Management Corporation looked into the effects of workplace volunteer programs, conducting interviews with more than 5,100 employees across five countries. The goal of this study was to understand how acts of selflessness change the givers. The results stress the fact that volunteering enriches the lives of both receivers and volunteers. According to the study, employees who participate in workplace volunteer programs are more likely than nonparticipants to be content with their jobs and chances for professional growth. Many companies make efforts to offer more time away from the office to make it easy for their employees to volunteer. One of the best examples is IBM, a leader in this space, recognizing the benefits of investing in community service for its employees. The company sponsors its employees on multi-week service projects in developing countries. Enabling volunteers to take much time away from office to travel abroad to make an effect creates a life-changing experience for both the workers and the communities they are supporting. Especially in times like today, when we face so many worries and stresses that are out of our control, volunteering offers mental improvement by bringing people together and giving them a way to make a positive difference. And there are no more meaningful ways to improve employee wellness and satisfaction. 1． What’s the major cause in the reduction of happiness in America? A．Increasing living expenses. B．Various social media apps. C．Less face-to-face communication. D．Countless troublesome information. 2．According to paragraph 2, the study mainly focuses on ________. A．how workplace volunteer programs affect employees B．what workplace volunteer programs bring to the community C．whether workplace volunteer programs should be carried out D．why workplace volunteer programs are popular across countries 3．Why does the author mention the example of IBM? A．To praise the employees in IBM. B．To advocate volunteering abroad. C．To comment on a new voluntary model. D．To show companies’ support for volunteering. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Volunteering: Bring People Together B．Volunteering: Enrich the Community C．Volunteering: Offer Mental Improvement D．Volunteering: Increase Employee Happiness 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国幸福感下降原因以及志愿服务对提升幸福感作用的文章。文章指出美国幸福感下降的主要原因是社交媒体取代了面对面交流，公司通过举办社区建设活动和让员工参与志愿服务能改善这种情况，且志愿服务对员工和社区都有益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to the Gallup World Poll for the World Happiness Report 2024, America has fallen out of the top 20 happiest countries for the first time. This is not surprising considering the rising costs of living and a number of daily disturbing news reports. But the key factor is that social media has replaced in-person interaction and often creates a feeling of missing out.( 根据盖洛普对《2024年世界幸福报告》的世界民意调查，美国首次跌出了最幸福国家的前20名。考虑到不断上涨的生活成本和每天大量令人不安的新闻报道，这并不奇怪。但关键因素是，社交媒体已经取代了面对面的互动，往往会让人产生一种落伍的感觉)”可知，美国幸福感下降的关键因素是社交媒体取代了面对面的交流，这常常让人产生一种错过的感觉。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study by Ares Management Corporation looked into the effects of workplace volunteer programs, conducting interviews with more than 5,100 employees across five countries. The goal of this study was to understand how acts of selflessness change the givers.( 阿瑞斯管理公司（Ares Management Corporation）最近对五个国家的5100多名员工进行了采访，调查了工作场所志愿者项目的影响。这项研究的目的是了解无私的行为是如何改变施予者的)”可知，这项研究主要是调查职场志愿者项目对员工（给予者）的影响，了解无私的行为是如何改变给予者的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many companies make efforts to offer more time away from the office to make it easy for their employees to volunteer. One of the best examples is IBM, a leader in this space, recognizing the benefits of investing in community service for its employees.( 许多公司都在努力为员工提供更多离开办公室的时间，以便他们更容易做志愿者。最好的例子之一是IBM，它是这一领域的领导者，认识到为员工投资社区服务的好处)”可知，作者提到 IBM 的例子是为了展示公司对志愿服务的支持。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出美国幸福感下降，接着提到公司可以通过让员工参与志愿服务来应对挑战，然后阐述了志愿服务对员工的好处，如更满足工作和职业成长机会等，最后强调志愿服务能提升员工的幸福感和满意度。由此可知，D 选项“志愿服务：增加员工幸福感”符合文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末) In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket, you’ll find everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 1．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 2．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 3．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers.(这是英国第一家“零浪费”商店——食物装在大罐子和盒子里，人们自己带着容器)”以及第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处是一家没有塑料袋的商店。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，这家店的受欢迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea.(塑料污染正在造成广泛的全球破坏。世界各地每分钟售出100多万个塑料瓶，其中大多数最终被填埋或入海)”以及后文“is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.”可知，塑料污染范围如此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故划线词意思是“污染”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol.(最近，政府呼吁超市引入无塑料通道。但埃克斯利表示，许多消费者已经走在了政客的前面。他和尼古拉帮助人们在威尔士、伯明翰和布里斯托尔建立了类似的商店)”可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是反塑料运动的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江杭州•期末) When nine-year-old Ella and Cash met at Ocean Heroes Bootcamp in July 2019, they immediately connected. Introduced by their moms at the University of British Columbia, they soon became an environmental-activism powerhouse duo (强强组合). “We knew we could make a difference together”, says Cash from Tennessee. Ella, now living in Florida, adds, “We became best friends immediately.” Their meeting quickly turned into action, leading to the creation of Cleanup Kids — a youth-led non-profit focused on environmental protection. Ella’s strong love for the environment began with a love for sharks, encouraged by bedtime stories about them, along with her experiences cleaning up trash along Vero Beach. Cash’s journey started at seven when he found a single plastic straw on the beach, highlighting the broader issue of plastic pollution threatening countless wildlife, including turtles and seabirds. Now both 14, they sometimes meet for sea-turtle freeing, scuba diving, or meeting, but mostly stay “closely connected online” while co-leading Cleanup Kids, which has grown to over 200 members worldwide and continues to grow. “My hope for Cleanup Kids is that it grows from hundreds to thousands of kids, causing a chain of effect that encourages others”, says Ella. Members are tasked with conducting at least one cleanup per month, documenting the rubbish they collect, and aiming for a goal of one million pieces by year’s end, while also sorting and recycling items. In 2022, they were among 25 projects selected for the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, which honors exceptional young leaders in North America. How do you even begin to make that effect? Cash’s best advice is to start small. “I started with a couple of cleanups with my family. Don’t overdo it”, he says. “Kids may be a small part of the population, but we’re 100 percent of the future, and every little action counts.” 1．What do Ella and Cash have in common? A．They both live in beachside communities. B．They both worry about rubbish on the beach. C．They both have environmental activist parents. D．They both started environmental protection at seven. 2．What effect do Ella and Cash hope to make through Cleanup Kids? A．Local community connection. B．Creation of a worldwide recycling program. C．Children’s awareness of pollution. D．Development of new environmental policies. 3．Which of the following can best describe Ella and Cash? A．Curious and adventurous. B．Warm-hearted and generous. C．Supportive and outgoing. D．Responsible and determined. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Cleanup Kids: Small but Powerful B．Friends for Nature: Ella and Cash C．Green Organization: A Non-Profit Project D．Youth in Action: A Path to Change 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了“Cleanup Kids”这个由青少年主导的环保组织，虽然成员是青少年，但在环保方面发挥了很大作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ella’s strong love for the environment began with a love for sharks, encouraged by bedtime stories about them, along with her experiences cleaning up trash along Vero Beach. Cash’s journey started at seven when he found a single plastic straw on the beach, highlighting the broader issue of plastic pollution threatening countless wildlife, including turtles and seabirds.(Ella对环境的强烈热爱始于对鲨鱼的热爱，她在睡前听了关于鲨鱼的故事，以及她在维罗海滩清理垃圾的经历，鼓励了她。Cash的旅程始于7点，当时他在海滩上发现了一根塑料吸管，突显了塑料污染威胁着无数野生动物的更广泛问题，包括海龟和海鸟)”可知，Ella和Cash两人都有在海滩的经历且都担心海滩上的垃圾。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Members are tasked with conducting at least one cleanup per month, documenting the rubbish they collect, and aiming for a goal of one million pieces by year’s end, while also sorting and recycling items.(会员的任务是每月至少进行一次清理，记录他们收集的垃圾，目标是到年底达到100万件，同时分类和回收物品)”可知，组织成员通过参与这些环保活动，能提高对污染的认识。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Their meeting quickly turned into action, leading to the creation of Cleanup Kids — a youth-led non-profit focused on environmental protection.(他们的会面很快变成了行动，导致了Cleanup Kids的成立——一个由年轻人领导的专注于环境保护的非营利组织)”和第四段中“Members are tasked with conducting at least one cleanup per month, documenting the rubbish they collect, and aiming for a goal of one million pieces by year’s end, while also sorting and recycling items.(会员的任务是每月至少进行一次清理，记录他们收集的垃圾，目标是到年底达到100万件，同时分类和回收物品)”可知，从他们创立“Cleanup Kids”组织，并持续领导组织开展环保活动，如要求成员每月清理垃圾等，可看出他们有责任感且坚定。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“Their meeting quickly turned into action, leading to the creation of Cleanup Kids — a youth-led non-profit focused on environmental protection.(他们的会面很快变成了行动，导致了Cleanup Kids的成立——一个由年轻人领导的专注于环境保护的非营利组织)”可知，文章主要讲述了“Cleanup Kids”这个由青少年主导的环保组织，虽然成员是青少年，但在环保方面发挥了很大作用。A项“Cleanup Kids组织：小而强大”为最佳标题。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末) Whether it’s salty popcorn at the cinema or a bag of ready salted crisps as a quick snack, salt is something many of us desire. While we need salt in our diet, too much of the white stuff can lead to some serious health issues. The National Health Service suggests that adults should eat no more than 6 grams of salt daily. For children, the amount varies by age. Specifically, kids aged one to three should have 2 grams per day, and older children aged seven to ten can have up to 5 grams. It is important to note that some food packaging only shows the sodium (钠) content. Do not mistake it for the salt content. To get the salt amount, multiply (乘以) the sodium by 2.5. Adults should limit their sodium intake to 2.4 grams a day, which is equal to the recommended 6 grams of salt a day. Overeating salt can cause high blood pressure. It causes the body to hold water, increasing blood pressure and putting stress on organs. Moreover, it leads to water retention. However, too little salt intake is harmful. A study found that adults who ate less than 2 grams of salt a day were more likely to have heart disease than those who had around the recommended 4 to 5 grams. Luckily, these days, most pre-packed food has nutrition labels on the back to tell us how much salt is in the product. Besides, many foods also show the salt content on the front of the packaging. The salt content can be different in branded foods such as pizza, bread and soups. Thankfully, the Change4Life Food Scanner can aid you to find out how much salt is in a product by using its app on your smartphone to scan the barcode (条形码). You can also use the traditional method of avoiding adding salt on the dinner table. Always taste a dish first. If necessary, add salt carefully. 1．Which daily intake might be recommended according to Paragraph 2? A．5 grams of sodium for adults. B．2.5 grams of salt for two-year-old kids. C．6 grams of salt for ten-year-old children. D．2 grams of sodium for eight-year-old children. 2．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Too much salt intake can result in water retention. B．High blood pressure is mainly caused by a lack of salt. C．People with little salt intake experience more stress on organs. D．Heart disease is more likely to affect people with too much salt intake. 3．What is suggested to stop taking in too much salt? A．Buying pre-packed food with nutrition labels. B．Eating branded foods rather than other products. C．Scanning barcodes to learn products’ salt content. D．Making it a habit to place salt on the dinner table. 4．What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．Salt intake and health. B．Different functions of salt. C．Ways to reduce salt intake. D．Connection between salt and sodium. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了盐摄入量与健康之间的关系，包括成人和儿童的推荐摄入量，过多和过少的盐摄入的健康问题，以及如何控制盐的摄入。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The National Health Service suggests that adults should eat no more than 6 grams of salt daily. For children, the amount varies by age. Specifically, kids aged one to three should have 2 grams per day, and older children aged seven to ten can have up to 5 grams.(国家卫生局建议成年人每天不得吃不超过6克盐。对于儿童，数量随着年龄的增长而变化。具体来说，1到3岁的孩子每天应该摄入2克，7到10岁的大一点的孩子每天以摄入高达5克盐)”和“To get the salt amount, multiply ( 乘以) the sodium by 2.5. Adults should limit their sodium intake to 2.4 grams a day, which is equal to the recommended 6 grams of salt a day.”(用钠乘以2.5得到盐的量。成年人应将钠摄入量限制在每天2.4克，这相当于每天推荐的6克盐)”可推知，8岁的孩子推荐每天摄入钠的量计算为：5除以2.5=2克，即每天2克钠合适。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Overeating salt can cause high blood pressure. It causes the body to hold water, increasing blood pressure and putting stress on organs. Moreover, it leads to water retention.(食用过多的盐会导致高血压。它会使身体保留水分，增加血压并给器官带来压力。此外，它还会导致水肿)”可知过量摄入盐会导致水肿，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thankfully, the Change4Life Food Scanner can aid you to find out how much salt is in a product by using its app on your smartphone to scan the barcode.(幸运的是，Change4Life食品扫描仪可以通过手机上的应用程序扫描条形码来帮助你找到产品中的盐含量)”可知可以通过扫描条形码来了解产品的盐含量，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段“While we need salt in our diet, too much of the white stuff can lead to some serious health issues.(虽然我们饮食中需要盐，但过多的白色物质会导致一些严重的健康问题)”可知文章主要讨论的是盐的摄入量和健康之间的关系，故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末) Showing a shining set of white teeth may feel attractive, but people who are crazy about popular teeth whitening might have their oral health seriously affected. This doesn’t happen by chance. TikTok and Instagram influencers are selling a large number of new whitening products, and pop stars’ snowy-white teeth can make the rest of us feel bad about our own smile. About 37 million Americans tried some form of teeth-whitening products in 2020. Experts say using whitening products in line with producers’ instructions is generally safe, but they warn that overdoing it can be harmful to your teeth: overwhitening can damage enamel (牙釉质) or even cause long-term teeth sensitivity. So how white can your teeth safely get? “That depends on how much enamel you start with, younger person is likely to have more enamel, which means their teeth can get whiter than an older person’s,” Rodriguez, a local dentist, says. “Whitening your teeth just a little whiter than the whites of your eyes is generally considered the best practice,” she adds. Having white teeth can make people fel more confident. But Rodriguez warns that hose shining smiles on social media are often selling a false story. “When people have shockingly white teeth social media, it’s not their real teeth,“ she says. The look may be beautified and any imperfections can be covered. For most of us who want brighter teeth, Rodriguez says that the daily teeth health basics are a good place to start and may be enough. “Before you do anything else, get a professional cleaning to remove a large amount of staining (污渍) from your teeth,” she says. And only then decide whether extra whitening still makes sense for you. 1．What makes people crazy about teeth whitening? A．The beauty of white teeth. B．The love for famous people C．The importance of body health. D．The influence from social media 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．Teeth whitening is dangerous. B．Overwhitening may cause problems C．Most Americans like teeth whitening. D．Long-term teeth health depends on enamel. 3．What might be Rodriguez’s suggestion? A．Having a monthly cleaning. B．Whitening teeth in one’s youth. C．Taking careful steps to whiten teeth D．Getting whitening advice from the Internet. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards teeth whitening? A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Favourable. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受TikTok和Instagram等社交媒体上网红推销美白产品及明星亮白牙齿的影响，人们热衷牙齿美白，却可能严重损害口腔健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“TikTok and Instagram influencers are selling a large number of new whitening products, and pop stars’ snowy-white teeth can make the rest of us feel bad about our own smile.( 抖音和Instagram网红正在销售大量新的美白产品，流行歌手的雪白牙齿会让我们其他人对自己的微笑感到不好受)” 可知，社交媒体上有影响力的人和明星的雪白牙齿影响了人们，使人们热衷于牙齿美白，所以是社交媒体的影响让人们痴迷于牙齿美白。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Experts say using whitening products in line with producers’ instructions is generally safe, but they warn that overdoing it can be harmful to your teeth: overwhitening can damage enamel (牙釉质) or even cause long-term teeth sensitivity.( 专家表示，按照生产商的说明使用美白产品通常是安全的，但他们警告说，过度美白可能对牙齿有害：过度美白会损害牙釉质，甚至导致长期的牙齿敏感)”可推知，从第二段可以了解到过度美白牙齿可能会导致诸如损害牙釉质、引起长期牙齿敏感等问题。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Before you do anything else, get a professional cleaning to remove a large amount of staining (污渍) from your teeth,” she says. And only then decide whether extra whitening still makes sense for you.( 她说：“在你做任何事情之前，先进行专业的清洁，去除牙齿上的大量污渍。”然后再决定额外的美白是否对你有意义)”可知，罗德里格斯的建议是谨慎地采取步骤美白牙齿。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章既提到了人们对牙齿美白的热衷以及美白带来的自信，也指出了过度美白对牙齿健康的危害，还引用专家的建议，客观地阐述了牙齿美白的相关情况，所以作者的态度是客观的。故选A项。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末) A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for. This is an example of serendipity. Cases of serendipity can be found in numerous fields, such as science. Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his leg rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain. Wells hadn’t been looking for it, but he’d made a medical discovery — certain gases reduce and can even almost eradicate pain. Had Wells not been there that night, anesthesia (麻醉) might have taken longer to be discovered. Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. Jane, a friend of mine,was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café. As she was sipping her coffee, she heard two people talking behind her. A man was telling a story that sounded so unbelievable that she knew it had to be true. She asked the people if she could interview them for the article. They agreed and her article turned out to be one of the top trending articles of the week. 1．The word “serendipity” in paragraph 1 means the fact of __________. A．observing rare birds in person B．achieving important aims in time C．finding valuable things by chance D．taking interesting photos by mistake 2．What surprised Wells at the demonstration? A．The gas’s hidden damage. B．The gas’s pain-killing effect. C．The patient’s scientific discovery. D．The patient’s balance-losing moment. 3．Why did Jane go to the café? A．To take a break. B．To meet a friend. C．To write an article. D．To do an interview. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain a concept. B．To promote a culture. C．To introduce a person. D．To recommend a method. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过三件事来说明生活中会偶然发现有价值的事物的现象。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for.(一位野生动物摄影师在等着，希望能拍到一种相对罕见的鸟，一种特殊的苍鹭。他在树林里沮丧地等了几个小时，但一点运气也没有。突然，让摄影师高兴的是，一只苍鹭停在他面前的树枝上。摄影师举起相机拍了下来。摄影师看着这张照片，感到特别高兴。令他惊讶的是，他看到在苍鹭的后面，他的照片还捕捉到了一只非常非常罕见的啄木鸟飞过。他没有看到它，但他甚至没有尝试，他拍到了一只比他瞄准的那只更稀有的鸟)”可知，摄影师本来想拍苍鹭，结果偶然拍到了更稀有的啄木鸟，所以第一段中的“serendipity”一词是指偶然发现有价值的东西。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his le g rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain.(早在19世纪，一个叫威尔斯的人参加了笑气的演示。不出所料，注射完气体后，病人笑了起来。但是他突然摔倒了，伤得很重。令每个人吃惊的是，那个人报告说他感觉不到任何疼痛)”可知，气体的止痛作用让威尔斯感到惊讶。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Jane, a friend of mine, was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café.(我的一个朋友简试图想出一个文章的想法，但完全卡住了。她很沮丧，决定去当地的一家咖啡馆)”可知，简去咖啡馆是为了休息一下。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“This is an example of serendipity.(这是一个意外发现的例子)”以及第三段“Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. (在我们的生活中，我们大多数人可能至少能想到一个意外的例子)”结合文章主要通过三件事来说明生活中会偶然发现有价值的事物的现象。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释一个概念。故选A。 主题04 人与自然——环境与生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末) Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect? Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice. However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者). At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness. 1．What’s the focus of the research? A．How human views affect animal protection efforts. B．What qualities different types of animal species have. C．How human activities influence wildlife populations. D．What characteristics affect public interest in species. 2．What do we know from paragraph 2? A．Companions are more capable than others. B．Predators are always feared and hunted. C．Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D．Pests are generally well-liked by people. 3．Why are bees an important species to save? A．They are popular pets among humans. B．They rank high in warmth and competence. C．They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems. D．They support species variety through pollination. 4．What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals. B．To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection. C．To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions. D．To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人类对不同动物的观点会影响动物保护工作，以及生态系统中各物种的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect?(我们的刻板印象是否影响了我们选择保护哪些动物？)”以及第二段中的“Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. (研究人员研究了人们基于两个特质来如何看待动物：“温暖”（我们认为它们有多友好）和“能力”（它们看起来有多能干）。像狗和猴子这样的伴侣动物在温暖和能力上都得分很高，这使我们热切地想要保护它们。)”可知，第一段通过提问的方式引出下文讲述的研究，第二段介绍的是人们对不同类型动物的态度影响是否保护这些动物，由此可知，研究关注的是人类的观点如何影响动物保护工作。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them.(我们视为同伴的动物，如狗和猴子，在温暖和能力方面得分都很高，这使我们热切地想要保护它们。)”可知，被视为友好的动物更可能得到人们的保护。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者).(但是，最受欢迎的保护动物是蜜蜂。看来，除了对温暖和能力的关注外，人们还意识到物种如何影响更广泛的生态系统，并重视蜜蜂作为传粉者的角色。)”可知，人们认识到某些物种对更大生态系统的重要性，由此可知，蜜蜂是重要的需要保护的物种的原因是它们通过授粉支持物种多样性。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness.(为了保护像考拉这样的可爱动物，保护它们的整个栖息地至关重要——这可以拯救多种多样的物种。可能许多动物因为考拉的可爱而得到庇护。)”可知，为了保护动物的栖息地有助于保护该物种，所以，这样做可以保护更多的物种，由此可知，文章提到考拉是为了告知读者保护栖息地的重要性。故选D项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末) Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless. A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon. Male mosquitoes’ long, tubelike mouth parts aren’t able to bite skin deeply enough to draw blood. But a wound caused by Rasgon’s cat allowed him to test whether males could get blood another way. Sure enough, a dehydrated male mosquito drank blood from the open wound. In another experiment, male mosquitoes that were genetically engineered to be unable to sense wetness didn’t take blood meals more often when lacking water. Those findings suggest that males may go for blood to satisfy their thirst. One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes. Scientists thought all male mosquitoes didn’t have the ability to break down blood. But in Rasgon’s experiment, male mosquitoes fed only blood lived as long as those that didn’t get blood, and even a little bit longer. 1．What is discovered in Rasgon’s research according to Paragraph 1? A．That female mosquitoes may be harmful. B．That only female mosquitoes drink blood. C．That male mosquitoes may bite and drink blood. D．That male mosquitoes are disinterested in blood. 2．How did Rasgon carry out his research? A．By taking away water. B．By experimenting on himself. C．By placing his cat in the cage. D．By creating a thin artificial membrane. 3．What didn’t Rasgon expect in his research? A．Male mosquitoes would be able to bite deeply into human skin. B．Male mosquitoes would try to drink human blood when dehydrated. C．Female mosquitoes would become interested in blood when hydrated. D．Female mosquitoes would prefer water over blood meals when dehydrated. 4．What did one earlier research paper show? A．Blood would bring harm to male mosquitoes. B．Blood would make mosquitoes more harmful. C．Male mosquitoes were able to break down blood. D．Male mosquitoes fed blood would live as long or longer. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Jason Rasgon和他的同事研究发现，通常对血液不感兴趣的雄性蚊子在脱水时会吸食血液。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless.(新的研究表明，在某些条件下，雄性蚊子可能和雌性蚊子一样嗜血。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的科学家Jason Rasgon和他的同事在一篇论文中报告说，通常对血液不感兴趣的雄性蚊子在脱水时会吸食血液。这一发现推翻了只有雌蚊叮咬、吸血和传播疾病的观点。雄性可能不是完全无害的。)”可知，Rasgon的研究发现雄蚊也可能咬人吸血。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon.(Rasgon实验室的一名学生注意到，当研究人员取走水时，雄性蚊子有时会以用人造薄膜覆盖的托盘里的血液为食。Rasgon想知道口渴的雄蚊是否会试图从人身上吸血，所以他把手伸进装有雄蚊的笼子里。水分充足的雄性大多不理会他，但脱水的雄性会降落并检查他的皮肤。有一只甚至咬了他一口，但几乎没有咬到他的第一层皮肤。‘我很震惊，’Rasgon说。)”可知，Rasgon是通过在自己身上做实验进行他的研究的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon.(Rasgon实验室的一名学生注意到，当研究人员取走水时，雄性蚊子有时会以用人造薄膜覆盖的托盘里的血液为食。Rasgon想知道口渴的雄蚊是否会试图从人身上吸血，所以他把手伸进装有雄蚊的笼子里。水分充足的雄性大多不理会他，但脱水的雄性会降落并检查他的皮肤。有一只甚至咬了他一口，但几乎没有咬到他的第一层皮肤。‘我很震惊，’Rasgon说。)”可知，Rasgon在研究中没有预料到的是雄性蚊子在脱水时会尝试喝人血。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes.(早些时候的一篇研究论文表明，血液对雄性蚊子有害。)”可知，早期的一篇研究论文表明血液会给雄蚊带来伤害。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末) Otaku dance, also known as “Zhaiwu” in Chinese, has emerged as a unique and popular form of dance in recent years, especially among young people. It is often performed by individuals in their own homes or small spaces and then shared on various online platforms. The origin of otaku dance can be traced back to Japanese pop culture. It combines elements of anime, manga, and J-pop music, with dancers imitating the movements and styles of anime characters or creating their own unique choreography inspired by Japanese pop culture. These dances are usually characterized by their energetic and lively movements, as well as their colorful and sometimes exaggerated costumes, which are designed to attract attention and express the individuality of the dancers One of the man reasons for the popularity of otaku dance is the rise of the internet and social media. Online platforms such as Bilibili, TikTok, and You Tube have provided a convenient and accessible space for otaku dancers to showcase their works and connect with like-minded people. Through these platforms, dancers can gain a large number of fans and followers, and their videos can be easily shared and spread which further promotes the popularity of otaku dance. Moreover, otaku dance offers a way for young people to express themselves and release their creativity. In a society where individuality is highly valued, otaku dance allows dancers to break free from traditional dance forms and create their own unique styles. It also provides a sense of community and belonging, as dancers can interact with each other, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. However, otaku dance also faces some challenges and controversies. Some people may view it as a form of “otaku” culture that is too niche or even “weird” and may not understand or appreciate its value. Additionally, there may be concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive focus on online popularity and the pursuit of likes and views, which could lead to a lack of authenticity and depth in the dance itself. Despite these challenges, otaku dance continues to thrive and evolve. With the continuous development of technology and the increasing acceptance of diverse cultures, it is likely to gain even more popularity and recognition in the future, attracting more and more young people to join in and explore this unique form of dance. 1．This passage is most likely to be taken from ________. A．a fashion magazine B．a cultural studies journal C．a spots newspaper D．a technology website 2．The author’s attitude towards otaku dance is ________. A．critical B．negative C．objective D．enthusiastic 3．What might be the possible topic of the following paragraph? A．The detailed steps of learning otaku dance. B．The influence of otaku dance on traditional dance forms C．The ways to address the challenges faced by otaku dance. D．The famous otaku dance events and competitions. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宅舞的起源、特点、流行原因及其面临的挑战。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Otaku dance, also known as “Zhaiwu” in Chinese, has emerged as a unique and popular form of dance in recent years, especially among young people. It is often performed by individuals in their own homes or small spaces and then shared on various online platforms. (otaku dance，中文也叫 “宅舞”，近年来已成为一种独特且流行的舞蹈形式，尤其在年轻人中备受欢迎。它通常由个人在自己家中或小空间内表演，然后在各种网络平台上分享。)”可知，文章主要介绍了宅舞这一独特的文化现象，包括其起源、流行原因、面临的挑战等内容，重点在于对宅舞这种文化形式的探讨和分析。所以这篇文章最有可能取自文化研究期刊。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Moreover, otaku dance offers a way for young people to express themselves and release their creativity. In a society where individuality is highly valued, otaku dance allows dancers to break free from traditional dance forms and create their own unique styles. It also provides a sense of community and belonging, as dancers can interact with each other, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. (此外，宅舞为年轻人提供了一种表达自我、释放创造力的方式。在一个高度重视个性的社会里，宅舞让舞者能够摆脱传统舞蹈形式的束缚，创造出自己独特的风格。它还营造了一种社区感和归属感，因为舞者们可以相互交流、交换想法并相互学习。)”、第五段“However, otaku dance also faces some challenges and controversies. Some people may view it as a form of “otaku” culture that is too niche or even “weird” and may not understand or appreciate its value. Additionally, there may be concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive focus on online popularity and the pursuit of likes and views, which could lead to a lack of authenticity and depth in the dance itself. (然而，宅舞也面临一些挑战和争议。有些人可能将其视为一种过于小众甚至“怪异”的“宅”文化形式，可能无法理解或欣赏它的价值。此外，人们可能担心过度关注网络人气以及追求点赞和浏览量所带来的潜在负面影响，这可能会导致舞蹈本身缺乏真实性和深度。)”可知，作者在文中既阐述了宅舞的好处；也提到了宅舞面临的挑战和争议。作者既没有一味地赞扬宅舞，也没有批判它，而是客观地呈现了宅舞的多面性，所以作者对宅舞的态度是客观的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。文章最后一段“Despite these challenges, otaku dance continues to thrive and evolve. With the continuous development of technology and the increasing acceptance of diverse cultures, it is likely to gain even more popularity and recognition in the future, attracting more and more young people to join in and explore this unique form of dance. (尽管存在这些挑战，宅舞仍在蓬勃发展并不断演变。随着技术的持续发展以及对多元文化的接受度日益提高，未来宅舞很可能会获得更多的人气和认可，吸引越来越多的年轻人参与并探索这种独特的舞蹈形式。)”可知，最后一段指出尽管宅舞面临挑战，但仍在发展，未来可能更受欢迎。那么接下来很可能会围绕如何应对宅舞面临的这些挑战展开讨论。故选C。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末) In September, when UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July. The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals. The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment, Qin Changwei, secretary-general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov. 17 and 18. “It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.” Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO(Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites. Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem. “Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in-depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration,” says Qin. “Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds. 1．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian? A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors. B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design. C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities. D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection. 2．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum? A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites. B．The preservation of the original structure. C．The unsuitable response to disasters. D．The unacceptable human behaviours. 3．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem? A．Strengthening international cooperation. B．Hosting more in-depth discussion forums. C．Making plans for risk prevention individually. D．Turning attention to developing space technology. 4．What is the main concern of the author? A．The loss of balance between humans and nature. B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage. C．The growing weather threat that Heritage sites face. D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国因为周口店的建筑而受到称赞，因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。文章还解释了气候变化对遗产的影响以及解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.(它为保护珍贵文物提供了参考，并提出了帮助遗产地应对气候变化影响的措施)”可知，中国因为周口店的建筑而受到称赞是因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.(学者们强调了气候变化对遗产地的影响，并就如何解决这一问题提出了建议)”可知，北京论坛将讨论气候变化对遗产地的影响。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds.(“解决这个问题需要我们团结起来，充分利用先进技术，如空间和数字技术，共同制定风险防范和应对计划，”他补充说)”可知，应该加强国际合作解决这个问题。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration (如何平衡人与自然，如何应对气候变化带来的自然灾害，以及这给世界遗产地带来的新挑战，这些问题都值得考虑)”可知，作者主要关心的是遗产遗址面临的日益严重的天气威胁。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州杭二·期末) Every day, we face a range of decisions, from picking a shirt for work to choosing a job. Some of these decisions have far-reaching consequences that may impact the rest of our lives. These choices can be difficult, and we aren’t often aware of the reasons behind why we make certain choices. A new study explores how we make decisions when it comes to short and long-term rewards. It found that we were more impulsive (冲动) with decisions that may bring about an immediate reward than those that have longer-term consequences. The study was conducted by Professor Pleger from Ruhr University Bochum. The team wanted to know how we make decisions about what to eat and where. They asked participants to choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger rewards that they had to wait for. The longer they waited, the bigger the reward. Brain activity was observed using functional MRI, which shows which parts of the brain are active during decision-making. The brain observation revealed interesting differences when it came to each type of reward. When people made decisions about money, brain areas responsible for thinking about the future and self-control were more active. When deciding about food, the areas that are linked to immediate satisfaction were more involved. This means that our decision-making pattern depends on the type of reward that we are given. By understanding how our brains respond to different types of rewards, we may develop better tools that control how we make those decisions that may have serious consequences in our lives. Professor Pleger believes that understanding these differences can lead to new treatments for impulsive behaviors and addictions. For example, Neurofeedback (神经反馈) can observe real-time brain activity to help individuals manage their brain functions, which can help them make particularly difficult decisions, specifically when it comes to unhealthy or addictive choices. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The process of Pleger’s study. B．The causes of brain activity. C．The theory of people’s choices. D．The methods of decision making. 2．According to the study, what influences the decision-making pattern? A．The desire for long-term rewards. B．The kind of reward provided. C．The ability to control one’s desire. D．The focus on immediate satisfaction. 3．Why does the author mention the example in the last paragraph? A．To prove the theory of the study. B．To show the application of the study. C．To compare different types of rewards. D．To praise the usefulness of the Neurofeedback. 4．What can be a best title for the text? A．How to Make Reasonable Decisions? B．Can You Wait Longer Before Decisions? C．How Is Decision-Making Pattern Benefit Us? D．Are Your Decisions Based on Impulse or Reason? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了我们的决策是基于冲动还是理性，以及这种决策模式如何影响我们的生活。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The team wanted to know how we make decisions about what to eat and how to make a profit. They asked subjects to choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger rewards that they had to wait for. The longer they waited, the bigger the reward. Brain activity was observed using functional MRI, which shows which parts of the brain are active during decision-making. (这个团队想知道我们是如何决定吃什么以及如何盈利的。他们要求受试者在较小的即时奖励和必须等待的较大奖励之间做出选择。他们等待的时间越长，奖励就越大。研究人员使用功能性核磁共振成像来观察大脑活动，该成像显示出大脑的哪些部分在做决策时是活跃的。)”可知，第二段主要描述了Pleger的研究过程。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This means that our decision-making pattern depends on the type of reward that we are given. (这意味着我们的决策模式取决于我们获得的奖励类型。)”可知，决策模式受到奖励类型的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Professor Pleger believes that understanding these differences can lead to new treatments for impulsive behaviors and addictions. For example, Neurofeedback (神经反馈) can observe real-time brain activity to help individuals manage their brain functions, which can help them make particularly difficult decisions, specifically surrounding unhealthy or addictive choices. (普莱格教授认为，了解这些差异可以为冲动行为和成瘾带来新的治疗方法。例如，神经反馈可以观察实时大脑活动，帮助个体管理他们的大脑功能，这可以帮助他们做出特别困难的决定，特别是围绕不健康或上瘾的选择。)”可知，作者提到这个例子是为了展示研究的应用。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study explores how we make decisions when it comes to short and long-term rewards . It found that we were more impulsive (冲动) with decisions that may bring about an immediate reward than those that have longer-term consequences. (一项新的研究探讨了我们在短期和长期奖励方面是如何做出决定的。研究发现，与那些有长期影响的决定相比，我们在做出可能带来即时回报的决定时更容易冲动。)”和最后一段“By understanding how our brains respond to different types of rewards, we may develop better tools that control how we make those decisions that may have serious consequences in our lives. (通过了解我们的大脑对不同类型奖励的反应，我们可以开发出更好的工具来控制我们如何做出那些可能对我们的生活产生严重后果的决定。)”可知文章主要讨论了我们的决策是基于冲动还是理性，以及这种决策模式如何影响我们的生活。故短文的最佳标题为“你的决定是基于冲动还是理性？”切题。故选D。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上•浙江衢州•期末) There are times in life when we don’t have the energy to get through our problems or the strength to push ahead. That’s when our friends carry us. They remind us that we are not alone — they stand with and comfort us. Even when some friends don’t always know how best to help, they want to be there for us. Author Parker J. Palmer in his book, Let Your Life Speak, shares about the time he was battling depression (抑郁). He recalls that some people who visited him tried to cheer him up. “It’s a beautiful day. Why don’t you go out and soak up some sunshine and look at the flowers?” Although he understood their purpose, it made him more depressed. Others reminded him that he was a teacher and writer who had helped so many people. “Try to remember all the good you’ve done and surely you’ll feel better.” That advice, too, left him depressed. Then there were those who had the courage to stand with him in simple and healing ways. One was a guy named Bill who asked Parker’s permission to visit him in the afternoons. Bill would sit Parker in the chair, kneel in front of him, remove his shoes and socks and for half an hour, massage (按摩) his feet. Bill had found the only place in Parker’s body where he could still experience feelings and reconnect with the human race. Bill would simply do this and say very little. When he talked, he would not give advice but mirror Parker’s feelings. This simple act of care was what carried Parker through his dark time. We are thankful for the friends who sit with us in easy and healing ways. And we are thankful for the opportunity to be that friend, to offer our presence to those who are hurting, sick, battling depression, suffering great pain and more. May the pathways of love, patience and kindness lead us to friends who are suffering. And once there, even if we are unsure of what to do, we can simply be present. 1．According to paragraph 2, how did Parker find his friends’ ways to cheer him up? A．Nice but unhelpful. B．Warm but old-fashioned. C．Simple but creative. D．Kind but unimaginative. 2．What effect did Bill’s massage have on Parker? A．It reduced his physical pain. B．It encouraged him to take advice. C．It helped him reconnect with the world. D．It gave him professional medical care. 3．What does the author suggest we do to help our friends? A．Be thankful to them. B．Keep them company. C．Be quick to respond. D．Offer practical advice. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．How to Win over People and Make Friends B．The Benefit of Friendships in Battling Depression C．The Great Power of Simply Being Present for a Friend D．Why Friends can Carry You Through Your Darkest Times 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。患有抑郁症的Parker J. Palmer只因为朋友简单地陪伴而缓解了抑郁症，文章以此为例证明了出现在朋友面前简单地陪伴这个小动作的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Although he understood their purpose, it made him more depressed. Others reminded him that he was a teacher and writer who had helped so many people. “Try to remember all the good you’ve done and surely you’ll feel better.” That advice, too, left him depressed.(虽然明白他们的目的，但这却让他更加郁闷了。其他人提醒他，他是一位帮助了很多人的老师和作家。“试着记住你做过的所有好事，你肯定会感觉好一些。”这个建议也让他感到沮丧。)”可推知，Parker认为他的朋友们让他高兴起来的方法很好，但是没有用，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Bill would sit Parker in the chair, kneel in front of him, remove his shoes and socks and for half an hour, massage (按摩) his feet. Bill had found the only place in Parker’s body where he could still experience feelings and reconnect with the human race. (比尔会让帕克坐在椅子上，跪在他面前，脱掉他的鞋子和袜子，按摩他的脚半个小时。比尔在帕克体内找到了唯一能让他体验感情并与人类重新建立联系的地方)”可知，比尔对帕克的按摩帮助他重新与世界建立联系。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And we are thankful for the opportunity to be that friend, to offer our presence to those who are hurting, sick, battling depression, suffering great pain and more...And once there, even if we are unsure of what to do, we can simply be present.(我们感谢有机会成为那个朋友，向那些正在受伤、生病、与抑郁作斗争、遭受巨大痛苦等的人们提供我们的陪伴……一旦到达那里，即使我们不确定该做什么，我们也可以只是出现在那里)”可知，作者建议我们陪伴朋友，以此来帮助他们，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“There are times in life when we don’t have the energy to get through our problems or the strength to push ahead. That’s when our friends carry us. They remind us that we are not alone — they stand with and comfort us. (生活中有时我们没有精力解决问题，也没有力量继续前进。那时我们的朋友载着我们。他们提醒我们，我们并不孤单——他们与我们站在一起并安慰我们。)”可知，第一段提出了朋友陪伴我们让我们感到并不孤单，接着文章以患有抑郁症的Parker J. Palmer为例，第二段指出一些朋友来安慰他但是没有缓解他的抑郁症，第三段介绍了朋友Bill通过简单的陪伴缓解了Parker J. Palmer的抑郁症，最后一段中的“And we are thankful for the opportunity to be that friend, to offer our presence to those who are hurting, sick, battling depression, suffering great pain and more...And once there, even if we are unsure of what to do, we can simply be present.(我们感谢有机会成为那个朋友，向那些正在受伤、生病、与抑郁作斗争、遭受巨大痛苦等的人们提供我们的陪伴……一旦到达那里，即使我们不确定该做什么，我们也可以只是出现在那里)”可知，最后一段作者呼吁我们要陪伴朋友，哪怕只是出现在朋友面前。由此可知，文章主要介绍了出现在朋友面前简单地陪伴这个小动作的重要性，C项“只是出现在朋友面前会带来伟大的力量”适合作文章标题，故选C。 主题03 人与自然——环境与生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) The number of pandas, which once were an endangered species, has grown continuously in recent years, partly thanks to the introduction of the special pandas born in captivity (圈养) but trained from birth to return to nature. The first stage of the training begins in the first year of life in an area of around 2,000 square meters. This allows experts to monitor them more easily and minimize the damage they may suffer. During this period, the baby pandas learn to find water sources, something necessary for their survival. In the second stage, once they turn one year old, their diet changes and in addition to mother’s milk they need bamboo. They will learn to find bamboo, how to stay away from their natural enemies and how to seek shelter to avoid danger. In this second stage, the area in which they move enlarges to over 20 thousand square meters, a surface similar to that of the habitat in which they find themselves when they live in the wild. After those training and final physical examinations, captive pandas are well-prepared to explore the wild world. When they go back to the wild, they wear collars (颈圈) to provide a helpful tracking sign to inform the wildlife protection experts. Mu Shijie is one of these experts who is backed by a giant panda monitoring “dream team”, whose daily duty is to monitor the wild giant pandas in the nature reserve as well as the captive giant pandas after being set free. The World Wide Fund for Nature said in a statement that there was a “promising trend” in the wild population of pandas and that rewilding could help deal with the risk of inbreeding (近亲繁殖). “After decades of work, it is clear that the future of pandas and their forest home depends on more effective measures, especially with the increasing effect of climate change.” a spokesperson said. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The benefits of training. B．The process of training. C．The challenges of training. D．The importance of training. 2．Why do the captive pandas wear collars when they go back to the wild? A．To aid experts in following the pandas’ trace. B．To help pandas adapt to the wild world easily. C．To enable pandas to recognize each other quickly. D．To protect pandas from hunters and natural enemies. 3．What does the underlined word “backed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Observed. B．Supported. C．Affected. D．Promoted. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Greater efforts should be made to protect pandas. B．The population of the captive giant pandas is mounting. C．The risk of inbreeding can be totally avoided by rewilding. D．A World Wide Fund for Nature will be established to preserve pandas. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大熊猫从圈养到野化放归的过程及其对保护大熊猫种群的意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“The first stage of the training begins in the first year of life in an area of around 2,000 square meters. (训练的第一阶段从生命的第一年开始，占地约2000平方米。)”和“In the second stage, once they turn one year old, their diet changes and in addition to mother’s milk they need bamboo. (在第二阶段，一旦它们满一岁，它们的饮食就会改变，除了母乳，它们还需要竹子。)”可知，第二段主要讲了训练过程，“The first stage of the training”和“In the second stage”是明显的过程标志词，由此可知，第二段主要讲了训练过程。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“When they go back to the wild, they wear collars (颈圈) to provide a helpful tracking sign to inform the wildlife protection experts. (当它们回到野外时，它们会戴上项圈，作为一个有用的追踪标志，通知野生动物保护专家。)”可知，为了帮助野生动物保护专家追踪熊猫，当它们回到野外时，它们会戴上项圈，由此可知，圈养的大熊猫回到野外时戴上项圈是为了协助专家追踪大熊猫的踪迹。故选A项。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“whose daily duty is to monitor the wild giant pandas in the nature reserve as well as the captive giant pandas after being set free (其日常职责是监测自然保护区内的野生大熊猫以及放生后的圈养大熊猫)”可知，牟仕杰是大熊猫保护专家，大熊猫监测“梦之队”的日常职责是监测自然保护区内的野生大熊猫以及放生后的圈养大熊猫，由此可知，牟仕杰保护熊猫的工作得到了大熊猫监测“梦之队”的支持，“Supported”意为“支持”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句““After decades of work, it is clear that the future of pandas and their forest home depends on more effective measures, especially with the increasing effect of climate change.” a spokesperson said. (一位发言人说：“经过几十年的努力，很明显，大熊猫及其森林家园的未来取决于更有效的措施，尤其是在气候变化影响日益严重的情况下。”)”可知，在气候变化影响日益严重的情况下，需要更有效的措施来保护大熊猫及其森林家园，由此可知，从最后一段我们能推断出应该加大力度保护大熊猫。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江湖州·期末) Sorry rabbits, but giant tortoises are still winning the race of life by treating it like a marathon and taking each step slow and steady. Recently, the world’s oldest tortoise, Jonathan, has turned 191 years old. This extends his title of the oldest living land animal by another year. Unofficially, there have been claims of older tortoises, including one believed to have been 255 years old when it died in 2006. Researchers have not been able to pin down exactly what keeps them around for so long, but their slow-motion lifestyle may have something to do with it. Giant tortoises have very slow metabolisms (新陈代谢), which means they burn energy at a slower rate than smaller and faster animals. Physiologist Max Rubner introduced the rate of living theory. The theory suggested an inverse relationship between metabolism and lifespan, which means that the faster the metabolism, the shorter the life. Scientists have had some issues with the theory over the past century, but it did produce the phrase “‘live fast, die young", and it serves as the basis for more research on the topic. The link between metabolism and longevity (长寿) is still not understood. Some scientists believe that metabolism is linked to the creation of free radicals (自由基). They are the molecules (分子) that damage cells and that increase as more energy is burned by the body. According to this theory, tortoises live longer because their slow metabolisms bum less energy. which means less harm to the cells in their bodies. Theories on aging alone don’t fully explain how tortoises live much longer than humans, but their reproductive (繁殖的) life and size may give an explanation. Because of their massive hard shells and their geographic isolation (they only live on a few specific islands), giant tortoises have very few enemies to worry about. This means giant tortoises don’t have to rush into reproduction to keep their species alive. Each theory has its limitations and unanswered questions, but scientists believe that a combination of biological and evolutionary factors is what keeps giant tortoises alive for so long. 1．What does the underlined word “inverse” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Similar. B．Opposite. C．Clear. D．Unchanging. 2．What can we learn about free radicals? A．Free radicals can protect cells. B．Free radicals increase with age. C．Fewer free radicals lead to a longer lifetime. D．The slower the metabolism, the more free radicals. 3．Why don’t giant tortoises rush to produce their young? A．They have little worry about extinction. B．They have a low reproductive ability C．They live a long time. D．They usually prefer to be alone. 4．What could be the best title for this article? A．Live fast, die young. B．The way metabolism works. C．Jonathan, oldest tortoise. D．Secret to giant tortoises’ longevity. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了巨型陆龟为何能够拥有超长寿命的秘密，从它们的新陈代谢速度、繁殖生活以及体型等多个方面进行了阐述，并指出科学家认为这是生物和进化因素共同作用的结果。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The theory suggested an inverse relationship between metabolism and lifespan, which means that the faster the metabolism, the shorter the life.(该理论表明新陈代谢和寿命之间存在___关系，这意味着新陈代谢越快，寿命越短。)”可知，该理论表明新陈代谢和寿命之间存在一种相反的关系，即新陈代谢越快，寿命越短。由此可推知，inverse意为“相反的”。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They are the molecules (分子) that damage cells and that increase as more energy is burned by the body. According to this theory, tortoises live longer because their slow metabolisms bum less energy, which means less harm to the cells in their bodies.(自由基是损伤细胞的分子，随着身体燃烧更多的能量而增加。根据这一理论，乌龟的寿命更长，因为它们缓慢的新陈代谢消耗的能量更少。这意味着对体内细胞的伤害更小。)”可知，自由基是损害细胞的分子，身体燃烧的能量越多，自由基就越多。根据这个理论，陆龟寿命更长是因为它们的新陈代谢缓慢，燃烧的能量少，这意味着对它们体内细胞的伤害更少。由此可推知，自由基越少，寿命越长。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Because of their massive hard shells and their geographic isolation (they only live on a few specific islands), giant tortoises have very few enemies to worry about. This means giant tortoises don’t have to rush into reproduction to keep their species alive.(由于它们巨大的硬壳和地理隔离（它们只生活在几个特定的岛屿上），巨龟几乎没有敌人需要担心。这意味着巨龟不必急于繁殖来维持物种的生存。)”可知，巨型陆龟不必急于繁殖以保持其物种的生存。由此可知，巨型陆龟不必担心灭绝，所以它们不急于繁殖。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“Sorry rabbits, but giant tortoises are still winning the race of life by treating it like a marathon and taking each step slow and steady.(对不起，兔子，但巨龟仍然通过像马拉松一样对待生命，缓慢而稳定地迈出每一步，赢得了生命的竞赛。)”以及最后一段中的“Each theory has its limitations and unanswered questions, but scientists believe that a combination of biological and evolutionary factors is what keeps giant tortoises alive for so long.(每种理论都有其局限性和未解之谜，但科学家们认为，生物和进化因素的结合是使巨龟存活如此之久的原因。)”可知，本文主要探讨了巨型陆龟长寿的秘密。D选项（巨型陆龟长寿的秘密）”最符合文章标题。故选D项。 4 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末） Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonorable—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 1．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 2．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 3．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州西湖区·期末) In February 1970, a ragbag of hippies and activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and protest against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee responded with a now immortal line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”. The human species, which emerged in the verdant forests and savannas of Africa about 300,000 years ago, has a special biological bond with green. Our eyes might even have evolved specifically to see the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in plants. With the advent of agriculture, we started to use green as a symbol for nature and its processes. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000BCE, likewise identified their crops with green. Their term for the colour was wadj, which also meant “flourish”. All over the world, people communed with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade death masks for precisely this reason. Western societies took longer to embrace the beauty of nature, and by extension, green. But by the second half of the Middle Ages, European writers were infusing the colour with their new- found faith in the landscape, connecting it to fertility, growth, spring, hope and joy. By the end of the 17th Century, English poets were beginning to realise, as we do today, that green spaces can be profoundly therapeutic (有疗效的). While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves, and the miraculous green pigment (色素) that lurks within them, will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for shoots to emerge from the soil, and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a colour of hope—the hope that, after a long, cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of chlorophyll will promise a new beginning. 1．What happened after hippies and activists ended the gathering in Vancouver in 1970? A．They launched a peace campaign. B．They discussed a planned nuclear test. C．They spread an immortal peace slogan. D．They prevented all the government's nuclear tests. 2．What is a similarity between the ancient Egyptians and the Maya regarding green? A．Both cultures built a complex web of religious beliefs. B．They both associated the color green with their leaders. C．Both used the color green as a symbol of military power. D．They both had specific symbols for green related to harvest. 3．What can be inferred according to the text? A．The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the first to start environmental protection. B．Ancient humans had a more advanced visual system than modern humans. C．Western societies went through a slow and progressive recognition of nature. D．Language evolution reflects the links between green and the environmental movement. 4．How do you understand the underlined phrase “a decisive weapon” in the last paragraph? A．Green is a color that makes people feel good but has no practical value. B．Green is a symbol used by environmental activists to promote their ideas. C．The pigment can directly absorb all greenhouse gases and solve the climate problem. D．The pigment in leaves and the symbolic associations of the colour green with hope count. 主题02 人与社会——公共服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) According to the Gallup World Poll for the World Happiness Report 2024, America has fallen out of the top 20 happiest countries for the first time. This is not surprising considering the rising costs of living and a number of daily disturbing news reports. But the key factor is that social media has replaced in-person interaction and often creates a feeling of missing out. One way that companies can help deal with these challenges is holding community-building activities and providing employees (雇员) with social purpose. A recent study by Ares Management Corporation looked into the effects of workplace volunteer programs, conducting interviews with more than 5,100 employees across five countries. The goal of this study was to understand how acts of selflessness change the givers. The results stress the fact that volunteering enriches the lives of both receivers and volunteers. According to the study, employees who participate in workplace volunteer programs are more likely than nonparticipants to be content with their jobs and chances for professional growth. Many companies make efforts to offer more time away from the office to make it easy for their employees to volunteer. One of the best examples is IBM, a leader in this space, recognizing the benefits of investing in community service for its employees. The company sponsors its employees on multi-week service projects in developing countries. Enabling volunteers to take much time away from office to travel abroad to make an effect creates a life-changing experience for both the workers and the communities they are supporting. Especially in times like today, when we face so many worries and stresses that are out of our control, volunteering offers mental improvement by bringing people together and giving them a way to make a positive difference. And there are no more meaningful ways to improve employee wellness and satisfaction. 1． What’s the major cause in the reduction of happiness in America? A．Increasing living expenses. B．Various social media apps. C．Less face-to-face communication. D．Countless troublesome information. 2．According to paragraph 2, the study mainly focuses on ________. A．how workplace volunteer programs affect employees B．what workplace volunteer programs bring to the community C．whether workplace volunteer programs should be carried out D．why workplace volunteer programs are popular across countries 3．Why does the author mention the example of IBM? A．To praise the employees in IBM. B．To advocate volunteering abroad. C．To comment on a new voluntary model. D．To show companies’ support for volunteering. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Volunteering: Bring People Together B．Volunteering: Enrich the Community C．Volunteering: Offer Mental Improvement D．Volunteering: Increase Employee Happiness Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末) In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket, you’ll find everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 1．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 2．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 3．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江杭州•期末) When nine-year-old Ella and Cash met at Ocean Heroes Bootcamp in July 2019, they immediately connected. Introduced by their moms at the University of British Columbia, they soon became an environmental-activism powerhouse duo (强强组合). “We knew we could make a difference together”, says Cash from Tennessee. Ella, now living in Florida, adds, “We became best friends immediately.” Their meeting quickly turned into action, leading to the creation of Cleanup Kids — a youth-led non-profit focused on environmental protection. Ella’s strong love for the environment began with a love for sharks, encouraged by bedtime stories about them, along with her experiences cleaning up trash along Vero Beach. Cash’s journey started at seven when he found a single plastic straw on the beach, highlighting the broader issue of plastic pollution threatening countless wildlife, including turtles and seabirds. Now both 14, they sometimes meet for sea-turtle freeing, scuba diving, or meeting, but mostly stay “closely connected online” while co-leading Cleanup Kids, which has grown to over 200 members worldwide and continues to grow. “My hope for Cleanup Kids is that it grows from hundreds to thousands of kids, causing a chain of effect that encourages others”, says Ella. Members are tasked with conducting at least one cleanup per month, documenting the rubbish they collect, and aiming for a goal of one million pieces by year’s end, while also sorting and recycling items. In 2022, they were among 25 projects selected for the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, which honors exceptional young leaders in North America. How do you even begin to make that effect? Cash’s best advice is to start small. “I started with a couple of cleanups with my family. Don’t overdo it”, he says. “Kids may be a small part of the population, but we’re 100 percent of the future, and every little action counts.” 1．What do Ella and Cash have in common? A．They both live in beachside communities. B．They both worry about rubbish on the beach. C．They both have environmental activist parents. D．They both started environmental protection at seven. 2．What effect do Ella and Cash hope to make through Cleanup Kids? A．Local community connection. B．Creation of a worldwide recycling program. C．Children’s awareness of pollution. D．Development of new environmental policies. 3．Which of the following can best describe Ella and Cash? A．Curious and adventurous. B．Warm-hearted and generous. C．Supportive and outgoing. D．Responsible and determined. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Cleanup Kids: Small but Powerful B．Friends for Nature: Ella and Cash C．Green Organization: A Non-Profit Project D．Youth in Action: A Path to Change 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末) Whether it’s salty popcorn at the cinema or a bag of ready salted crisps as a quick snack, salt is something many of us desire. While we need salt in our diet, too much of the white stuff can lead to some serious health issues. The National Health Service suggests that adults should eat no more than 6 grams of salt daily. For children, the amount varies by age. Specifically, kids aged one to three should have 2 grams per day, and older children aged seven to ten can have up to 5 grams. It is important to note that some food packaging only shows the sodium (钠) content. Do not mistake it for the salt content. To get the salt amount, multiply (乘以) the sodium by 2.5. Adults should limit their sodium intake to 2.4 grams a day, which is equal to the recommended 6 grams of salt a day. Overeating salt can cause high blood pressure. It causes the body to hold water, increasing blood pressure and putting stress on organs. Moreover, it leads to water retention. However, too little salt intake is harmful. A study found that adults who ate less than 2 grams of salt a day were more likely to have heart disease than those who had around the recommended 4 to 5 grams. Luckily, these days, most pre-packed food has nutrition labels on the back to tell us how much salt is in the product. Besides, many foods also show the salt content on the front of the packaging. The salt content can be different in branded foods such as pizza, bread and soups. Thankfully, the Change4Life Food Scanner can aid you to find out how much salt is in a product by using its app on your smartphone to scan the barcode (条形码). You can also use the traditional method of avoiding adding salt on the dinner table. Always taste a dish first. If necessary, add salt carefully. 1．Which daily intake might be recommended according to Paragraph 2? A．5 grams of sodium for adults. B．2.5 grams of salt for two-year-old kids. C．6 grams of salt for ten-year-old children. D．2 grams of sodium for eight-year-old children. 2．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Too much salt intake can result in water retention. B．High blood pressure is mainly caused by a lack of salt. C．People with little salt intake experience more stress on organs. D．Heart disease is more likely to affect people with too much salt intake. 3．What is suggested to stop taking in too much salt? A．Buying pre-packed food with nutrition labels. B．Eating branded foods rather than other products. C．Scanning barcodes to learn products’ salt content. D．Making it a habit to place salt on the dinner table. 4．What is mainly discussed in the passage? A．Salt intake and health. B．Different functions of salt. C．Ways to reduce salt intake. D．Connection between salt and sodium. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江温州·期末) Showing a shining set of white teeth may feel attractive, but people who are crazy about popular teeth whitening might have their oral health seriously affected. This doesn’t happen by chance. TikTok and Instagram influencers are selling a large number of new whitening products, and pop stars’ snowy-white teeth can make the rest of us feel bad about our own smile. About 37 million Americans tried some form of teeth-whitening products in 2020. Experts say using whitening products in line with producers’ instructions is generally safe, but they warn that overdoing it can be harmful to your teeth: overwhitening can damage enamel (牙釉质) or even cause long-term teeth sensitivity. So how white can your teeth safely get? “That depends on how much enamel you start with, younger person is likely to have more enamel, which means their teeth can get whiter than an older person’s,” Rodriguez, a local dentist, says. “Whitening your teeth just a little whiter than the whites of your eyes is generally considered the best practice,” she adds. Having white teeth can make people fel more confident. But Rodriguez warns that hose shining smiles on social media are often selling a false story. “When people have shockingly white teeth social media, it’s not their real teeth,“ she says. The look may be beautified and any imperfections can be covered. For most of us who want brighter teeth, Rodriguez says that the daily teeth health basics are a good place to start and may be enough. “Before you do anything else, get a professional cleaning to remove a large amount of staining (污渍) from your teeth,” she says. And only then decide whether extra whitening still makes sense for you. 1．What makes people crazy about teeth whitening? A．The beauty of white teeth. B．The love for famous people C．The importance of body health. D．The influence from social media 2．What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．Teeth whitening is dangerous. B．Overwhitening may cause problems C．Most Americans like teeth whitening. D．Long-term teeth health depends on enamel. 3．What might be Rodriguez’s suggestion? A．Having a monthly cleaning. B．Whitening teeth in one’s youth. C．Taking careful steps to whiten teeth D．Getting whitening advice from the Internet. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards teeth whitening? A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Favourable. Passage 3 (23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末) A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for. This is an example of serendipity. Cases of serendipity can be found in numerous fields, such as science. Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his leg rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain. Wells hadn’t been looking for it, but he’d made a medical discovery — certain gases reduce and can even almost eradicate pain. Had Wells not been there that night, anesthesia (麻醉) might have taken longer to be discovered. Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. Jane, a friend of mine,was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café. As she was sipping her coffee, she heard two people talking behind her. A man was telling a story that sounded so unbelievable that she knew it had to be true. She asked the people if she could interview them for the article. They agreed and her article turned out to be one of the top trending articles of the week. 1．The word “serendipity” in paragraph 1 means the fact of __________. A．observing rare birds in person B．achieving important aims in time C．finding valuable things by chance D．taking interesting photos by mistake 2．What surprised Wells at the demonstration? A．The gas’s hidden damage. B．The gas’s pain-killing effect. C．The patient’s scientific discovery. D．The patient’s balance-losing moment. 3．Why did Jane go to the café? A．To take a break. B．To meet a friend. C．To write an article. D．To do an interview. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain a concept. B．To promote a culture. C．To introduce a person. D．To recommend a method. 主题04 人与自然——环境与生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末) Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect? Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice. However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者). At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness. 1．What’s the focus of the research? A．How human views affect animal protection efforts. B．What qualities different types of animal species have. C．How human activities influence wildlife populations. D．What characteristics affect public interest in species. 2．What do we know from paragraph 2? A．Companions are more capable than others. B．Predators are always feared and hunted. C．Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D．Pests are generally well-liked by people. 3．Why are bees an important species to save? A．They are popular pets among humans. B．They rank high in warmth and competence. C．They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems. D．They support species variety through pollination. 4．What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph? A．To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals. B．To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection. C．To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions. D．To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末) Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless. A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon. Male mosquitoes’ long, tubelike mouth parts aren’t able to bite skin deeply enough to draw blood. But a wound caused by Rasgon’s cat allowed him to test whether males could get blood another way. Sure enough, a dehydrated male mosquito drank blood from the open wound. In another experiment, male mosquitoes that were genetically engineered to be unable to sense wetness didn’t take blood meals more often when lacking water. Those findings suggest that males may go for blood to satisfy their thirst. One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes. Scientists thought all male mosquitoes didn’t have the ability to break down blood. But in Rasgon’s experiment, male mosquitoes fed only blood lived as long as those that didn’t get blood, and even a little bit longer. 1．What is discovered in Rasgon’s research according to Paragraph 1? A．That female mosquitoes may be harmful. B．That only female mosquitoes drink blood. C．That male mosquitoes may bite and drink blood. D．That male mosquitoes are disinterested in blood. 2．How did Rasgon carry out his research? A．By taking away water. B．By experimenting on himself. C．By placing his cat in the cage. D．By creating a thin artificial membrane. 3．What didn’t Rasgon expect in his research? A．Male mosquitoes would be able to bite deeply into human skin. B．Male mosquitoes would try to drink human blood when dehydrated. C．Female mosquitoes would become interested in blood when hydrated. D．Female mosquitoes would prefer water over blood meals when dehydrated. 4．What did one earlier research paper show? A．Blood would bring harm to male mosquitoes. B．Blood would make mosquitoes more harmful. C．Male mosquitoes were able to break down blood. D．Male mosquitoes fed blood would live as long or longer. 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末) Otaku dance, also known as “Zhaiwu” in Chinese, has emerged as a unique and popular form of dance in recent years, especially among young people. It is often performed by individuals in their own homes or small spaces and then shared on various online platforms. The origin of otaku dance can be traced back to Japanese pop culture. It combines elements of anime, manga, and J-pop music, with dancers imitating the movements and styles of anime characters or creating their own unique choreography inspired by Japanese pop culture. These dances are usually characterized by their energetic and lively movements, as well as their colorful and sometimes exaggerated costumes, which are designed to attract attention and express the individuality of the dancers One of the man reasons for the popularity of otaku dance is the rise of the internet and social media. Online platforms such as Bilibili, TikTok, and You Tube have provided a convenient and accessible space for otaku dancers to showcase their works and connect with like-minded people. Through these platforms, dancers can gain a large number of fans and followers, and their videos can be easily shared and spread which further promotes the popularity of otaku dance. Moreover, otaku dance offers a way for young people to express themselves and release their creativity. In a society where individuality is highly valued, otaku dance allows dancers to break free from traditional dance forms and create their own unique styles. It also provides a sense of community and belonging, as dancers can interact with each other, exchange ideas, and learn from one another. However, otaku dance also faces some challenges and controversies. Some people may view it as a form of “otaku” culture that is too niche or even “weird” and may not understand or appreciate its value. Additionally, there may be concerns about the potential negative impacts of excessive focus on online popularity and the pursuit of likes and views, which could lead to a lack of authenticity and depth in the dance itself. Despite these challenges, otaku dance continues to thrive and evolve. With the continuous development of technology and the increasing acceptance of diverse cultures, it is likely to gain even more popularity and recognition in the future, attracting more and more young people to join in and explore this unique form of dance. 1．This passage is most likely to be taken from ________. A．a fashion magazine B．a cultural studies journal C．a spots newspaper D．a technology website 2．The author’s attitude towards otaku dance is ________. A．critical B．negative C．objective D．enthusiastic 3．What might be the possible topic of the following paragraph? A．The detailed steps of learning otaku dance. B．The influence of otaku dance on traditional dance forms C．The ways to address the challenges faced by otaku dance. D．The famous otaku dance events and competitions. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末) In September, when UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July. The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals. The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment, Qin Changwei, secretary-general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov. 17 and 18. “It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.” Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO(Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites. Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem. “Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in-depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration,” says Qin. “Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds. 1．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian? A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors. B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design. C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities. D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection. 2．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum? A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites. B．The preservation of the original structure. C．The unsuitable response to disasters. D．The unacceptable human behaviours. 3．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem? A．Strengthening international cooperation. B．Hosting more in-depth discussion forums. C．Making plans for risk prevention individually. D．Turning attention to developing space technology. 4．What is the main concern of the author? A．The loss of balance between humans and nature. B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage. C．The growing weather threat that Heritage sites face. D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江杭州杭二·期末) Every day, we face a range of decisions, from picking a shirt for work to choosing a job. Some of these decisions have far-reaching consequences that may impact the rest of our lives. These choices can be difficult, and we aren’t often aware of the reasons behind why we make certain choices. A new study explores how we make decisions when it comes to short and long-term rewards. It found that we were more impulsive (冲动) with decisions that may bring about an immediate reward than those that have longer-term consequences. The study was conducted by Professor Pleger from Ruhr University Bochum. The team wanted to know how we make decisions about what to eat and where. They asked participants to choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger rewards that they had to wait for. The longer they waited, the bigger the reward. Brain activity was observed using functional MRI, which shows which parts of the brain are active during decision-making. The brain observation revealed interesting differences when it came to each type of reward. When people made decisions about money, brain areas responsible for thinking about the future and self-control were more active. When deciding about food, the areas that are linked to immediate satisfaction were more involved. This means that our decision-making pattern depends on the type of reward that we are given. By understanding how our brains respond to different types of rewards, we may develop better tools that control how we make those decisions that may have serious consequences in our lives. Professor Pleger believes that understanding these differences can lead to new treatments for impulsive behaviors and addictions. For example, Neurofeedback (神经反馈) can observe real-time brain activity to help individuals manage their brain functions, which can help them make particularly difficult decisions, specifically when it comes to unhealthy or addictive choices. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The process of Pleger’s study. B．The causes of brain activity. C．The theory of people’s choices. D．The methods of decision making. 2．According to the study, what influences the decision-making pattern? A．The desire for long-term rewards. B．The kind of reward provided. C．The ability to control one’s desire. D．The focus on immediate satisfaction. 3．Why does the author mention the example in the last paragraph? A．To prove the theory of the study. B．To show the application of the study. C．To compare different types of rewards. D．To praise the usefulness of the Neurofeedback. 4．What can be a best title for the text? A．How to Make Reasonable Decisions? B．Can You Wait Longer Before Decisions? C．How Is Decision-Making Pattern Benefit Us? D．Are Your Decisions Based on Impulse or Reason? Passage 2 (23-24高一上•浙江衢州•期末) There are times in life when we don’t have the energy to get through our problems or the strength to push ahead. That’s when our friends carry us. They remind us that we are not alone — they stand with and comfort us. Even when some friends don’t always know how best to help, they want to be there for us. Author Parker J. Palmer in his book, Let Your Life Speak, shares about the time he was battling depression (抑郁). He recalls that some people who visited him tried to cheer him up. “It’s a beautiful day. Why don’t you go out and soak up some sunshine and look at the flowers?” Although he understood their purpose, it made him more depressed. Others reminded him that he was a teacher and writer who had helped so many people. “Try to remember all the good you’ve done and surely you’ll feel better.” That advice, too, left him depressed. Then there were those who had the courage to stand with him in simple and healing ways. One was a guy named Bill who asked Parker’s permission to visit him in the afternoons. Bill would sit Parker in the chair, kneel in front of him, remove his shoes and socks and for half an hour, massage (按摩) his feet. Bill had found the only place in Parker’s body where he could still experience feelings and reconnect with the human race. Bill would simply do this and say very little. When he talked, he would not give advice but mirror Parker’s feelings. This simple act of care was what carried Parker through his dark time. We are thankful for the friends who sit with us in easy and healing ways. And we are thankful for the opportunity to be that friend, to offer our presence to those who are hurting, sick, battling depression, suffering great pain and more. May the pathways of love, patience and kindness lead us to friends who are suffering. And once there, even if we are unsure of what to do, we can simply be present. 1．According to paragraph 2, how did Parker find his friends’ ways to cheer him up? A．Nice but unhelpful. B．Warm but old-fashioned. C．Simple but creative. D．Kind but unimaginative. 2．What effect did Bill’s massage have on Parker? A．It reduced his physical pain. B．It encouraged him to take advice. C．It helped him reconnect with the world. D．It gave him professional medical care. 3．What does the author suggest we do to help our friends? A．Be thankful to them. B．Keep them company. C．Be quick to respond. D．Offer practical advice. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A．How to Win over People and Make Friends B．The Benefit of Friendships in Battling Depression C．The Great Power of Simply Being Present for a Friend D．Why Friends can Carry You Through Your Darkest Times 主题03 人与自然——环境与生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·浙江丽水·期末) The number of pandas, which once were an endangered species, has grown continuously in recent years, partly thanks to the introduction of the special pandas born in captivity (圈养) but trained from birth to return to nature. The first stage of the training begins in the first year of life in an area of around 2,000 square meters. This allows experts to monitor them more easily and minimize the damage they may suffer. During this period, the baby pandas learn to find water sources, something necessary for their survival. In the second stage, once they turn one year old, their diet changes and in addition to mother’s milk they need bamboo. They will learn to find bamboo, how to stay away from their natural enemies and how to seek shelter to avoid danger. In this second stage, the area in which they move enlarges to over 20 thousand square meters, a surface similar to that of the habitat in which they find themselves when they live in the wild. After those training and final physical examinations, captive pandas are well-prepared to explore the wild world. When they go back to the wild, they wear collars (颈圈) to provide a helpful tracking sign to inform the wildlife protection experts. Mu Shijie is one of these experts who is backed by a giant panda monitoring “dream team”, whose daily duty is to monitor the wild giant pandas in the nature reserve as well as the captive giant pandas after being set free. The World Wide Fund for Nature said in a statement that there was a “promising trend” in the wild population of pandas and that rewilding could help deal with the risk of inbreeding (近亲繁殖). “After decades of work, it is clear that the future of pandas and their forest home depends on more effective measures, especially with the increasing effect of climate change.” a spokesperson said. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The benefits of training. B．The process of training. C．The challenges of training. D．The importance of training. 2．Why do the captive pandas wear collars when they go back to the wild? A．To aid experts in following the pandas’ trace. B．To help pandas adapt to the wild world easily. C．To enable pandas to recognize each other quickly. D．To protect pandas from hunters and natural enemies. 3．What does the underlined word “backed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Observed. B．Supported. C．Affected. D．Promoted. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Greater efforts should be made to protect pandas. B．The population of the captive giant pandas is mounting. C．The risk of inbreeding can be totally avoided by rewilding. D．A World Wide Fund for Nature will be established to preserve pandas. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·浙江湖州·期末) Sorry rabbits, but giant tortoises are still winning the race of life by treating it like a marathon and taking each step slow and steady. Recently, the world’s oldest tortoise, Jonathan, has turned 191 years old. This extends his title of the oldest living land animal by another year. Unofficially, there have been claims of older tortoises, including one believed to have been 255 years old when it died in 2006. Researchers have not been able to pin down exactly what keeps them around for so long, but their slow-motion lifestyle may have something to do with it. Giant tortoises have very slow metabolisms (新陈代谢), which means they burn energy at a slower rate than smaller and faster animals. Physiologist Max Rubner introduced the rate of living theory. The theory suggested an inverse relationship between metabolism and lifespan, which means that the faster the metabolism, the shorter the life. Scientists have had some issues with the theory over the past century, but it did produce the phrase “‘live fast, die young", and it serves as the basis for more research on the topic. The link between metabolism and longevity (长寿) is still not understood. Some scientists believe that metabolism is linked to the creation of free radicals (自由基). They are the molecules (分子) that damage cells and that increase as more energy is burned by the body. According to this theory, tortoises live longer because their slow metabolisms bum less energy. which means less harm to the cells in their bodies. Theories on aging alone don’t fully explain how tortoises live much longer than humans, but their reproductive (繁殖的) life and size may give an explanation. Because of their massive hard shells and their geographic isolation (they only live on a few specific islands), giant tortoises have very few enemies to worry about. This means giant tortoises don’t have to rush into reproduction to keep their species alive. Each theory has its limitations and unanswered questions, but scientists believe that a combination of biological and evolutionary factors is what keeps giant tortoises alive for so long. 1．What does the underlined word “inverse” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Similar. B．Opposite. C．Clear. D．Unchanging. 2．What can we learn about free radicals? A．Free radicals can protect cells. B．Free radicals increase with age. C．Fewer free radicals lead to a longer lifetime. D．The slower the metabolism, the more free radicals. 3．Why don’t giant tortoises rush to produce their young? A．They have little worry about extinction. B．They have a low reproductive ability C．They live a long time. D．They usually prefer to be alone. 4．What could be the best title for this article? A．Live fast, die young. B．The way metabolism works. C．Jonathan, oldest tortoise. D．Secret to giant tortoises’ longevity. 4 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $