专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末） A roomful of hundreds of blooming orchids (盛开的兰花) is always a breathtaking sight. But Smithsonian Gardens has gone even further with its 28th annual orchid show held in the Kogod Courtyard. For the first time, Smithsonian Gardens used art to enrich the showy natural display, selecting the work of Baltimore-based artist Phaan Howng. Howng hopes her art inspires audiences to take action to support the protection of orchid species. Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials. The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition. The annual show educates visitors about orchids’ precarious situation in some areas of the world. The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat. Orchards are found around the globe everywhere except in Antarctica, says Kondrat. The largest diversity is in the tropics (热带地区), though they are under the most threat there due to disappearing habitats. Horticulturists periodically enhance the collection. Smithsonian Gardens aims to use appropriate collection techniques and safeguard the orchids for future generations and for scientific research and use, Kondrat says. Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.” 1．What can be learned about Smithsonian Gardens’ 28th orchid show? A．It focuses on orchids’ symbolic significance. B．It has long been known for its artistic element. C．It promotes technology use in art. D．It displays both real and artificial flowers. 2．Which aspect of orchids does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Their biological effects. B．Their environmental sensitivity. C．Their soil conditions. D．Their healthy growth. 3．What is the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A．Unlikely. B．Ideal. C．Dangerous. D．Different 4．What does Justin Kondrat want to show by mentioning the National Portrait Gallery? A．High-standard care for displayed orchids. B．Its cooperation with Smithsonian Gardens. C．Its contribution to the orchid exhibition. D．Effective techniques for collecting orchids. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广西梧州·期末）In 2010 there were no more than 20 wild tigers in China, most of which had crossed the border from Russia. That was until 2014, when camera traps captured footage of a tigress and her cubs in Jilin Wangqing Nature Reserve: it was a landmark moment — tigers were breeding (繁殖) in China again. Thanks to the efforts of the government and conservationists, the population has been gradually recovering and dispersing (分散) inland from the country’s northmost province at the border with Russia. But as poaching (偷猎) and deforestation remain a threat, rangers play a crucial role in protecting tiger habitats. Gathering data and trying to prevent poaching and illegal logging, they act as the eyes and ears of the forest. As tigers return to the northmost area of China, efforts are underway to ensure they are able to travel deeper into the country. A tale of a lone male tiger named Hu Wa shows exactly why enabling tigers to move is so important. This eight-year-old male is the only individual known in the Huangnihe Nature Reserve. His frantic search for a mate has seen him travel extensively, as far as the major city of Jilin. But with major infrastructure (基础设施) such as the Heda Highway blocking his movements, and stopping any tigress coming to him, there is an urgent need to restore wildlife corridors before it’s too late for Hu Wa to breed. On Global Tiger Day 2020, WWF-China is initiating a national campaign #TigersNeedCorridors, calling on the public to help government actions on corridor building. Hu Wa’s home — the Huangnihe Nature Reserve — is the first site of the country to be registered under the Conservation Assured Tiger Standards accreditation scheme, a commitment showcasing its ambition to safeguard the habitat for tigers into the future. China has also committed to increasing the extent of its protected areas, including creating the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park which covers 14,600km2, an area of 60% larger than Yellowstone National Park in the US. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．There were 20 tigers in China in 2010. B．The wild tigers in China were from Russia. C．A tigress and her cubs were caught in Jilin. D．Tigers were found breeding in China again in 2014. 6．What does the underlined word “crucial” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Major. B．Secondary. C．Important. D．Leading. 7．What is the third paragraph mainly tell us about? A．A tale of a lone male tiger named Hu Wa. B．The importance of enabling tigers to move. C．A national campaign initiated by WWF-China. D．Government actions on corridor building. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．Wild Tigers Return to China B．Tigers Need Corridors C．Nature Reserves in China D．Global Tiger Day Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏·期末） Do animals besides humans have emotions? If so, which ones? Scientists and animal lovers often debate this issue. In the past, many scientists believed that animals could not be showing complex human emotions such as empathy. Empathy is the understanding of and sharing in another’s feelings. For example, if your little brother’s turtle dies, you probably would feel bad for him. Several recent experiments and observations support the theory that animals feel empathy. In 1964, one study showed that rhesus monkeys would not accept food if another monkey got an electric shock. Likewise, biologist Marc Bekoff reports that when he was watching elephants in Kenya, he noticed an elephant that had been lame for years. Although the elephant moved very slowly, the herd (兽群) never left it behind. They’d stop walking, check on her, and then wait for her. Bekoff also tells of Alaskan bear cubs that were orphaned when their mother was shot. One cub had been wounded, so he limped (跛行) along and swam painfully slowly, but his sister never left his side. She even fished salmon out of the river for him. There are reports of animals showing emotions besides empathy, too. In 2005, a humpback whale became tangled in fishing lines off California’s coast. After divers freed the whale, it played with and nuzzled (用鼻爱抚) each diver, seeming to show gratitude. Gorillas, lamas, and many other animals appear to express sorrow when a mate dies. And then there’s the story of the two abandoned terriers (梗犬) that were taken to an animal shelter. When one of them went blind, the other led his companion around the new environment by the scruff of the neck until the blind dog learned its way around. Maybe humans and animals aren’t so different after all. 9．What might cause a person to feel empathy? A．Having to move to another state. B．Being invited to a birthday party. C．Getting injured before a big game. D．Watching a friend be chosen last for a team. 10．Which animal or animals described in the passage showed empathy? A．The blind dog. B．The elephant herd. C．Gorillas and lamas. D．The humpback whale. 11．What makes the author doubt whether humans and animals are really so different? A．Animals appear to express emotions, too. B．Animals have been shown to use tools. C．Many animals live in pairs or groups. D．Animals can suffer injuries, too. 12．What can we infer from the text? A．Animals feel greater pain than people do. B．Empathy is an emotion shown only by humans. C．Some animals do not want another animal to suffer. D．Animals and people experience all the same emotions. 主题02 人与社会——文化传承与社会公益 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Every culture has its own way of celebrating the arrival of a new year, and these traditions offer a fascinating look into local customs and values.​ In Vietnam, Tet Nguyen Dan, or Tet, is the most important holiday. Families spend weeks cleaning their homes to sweep away bad luck. On New Year’s Eve, they gather for a feast with special dishes like banh chung (sticky rice cakes), which symbolize prosperity. Children receive red envelopes with money, and people visit relatives to exchange good wishes.​ In Scotland, Hogmanay is celebrated with lively street parties, especially in Edinburgh. A popular tradition is “first-footing” — the first person to enter a home after midnight should bring gifts like shortbread or whiskey to bring good fortune. Fireworks light up the sky, and people sing Auld Lang Syne at midnight.​ In Japan, Oshogatsu is a time for reflection and new beginnings. Many people visit temples to pray for a good year, and families eat toshikoshi soba (long noodles) to wish for a long life. Homes are decorated with kadomatsu — arrangements of pine, bamboo, and plum branches, which represent longevity and resilience.​ These diverse New Year traditions from around the world not only showcase the rich cultural heritage of different countries but also reflect the common values of family, prosperity, and new beginnings that unite people across the globe. 1．What is the most important holiday in Vietnam?​ A．Hogmanay.​ B．Oshogatsu.​ C．Tet Nguyen Dan.​ D．Auld Lang Syne.​ 2．What do Scottish people do during Hogmanay?​ A．Eat sticky rice cakes.​ B．Have street parties and fireworks.​ C．Visit temples to pray.​ D．Clean their homes thoroughly.​ 3．Why do Japanese families eat toshikoshi soba?​ A．To symbolize prosperity.​ B．To wish for a long life.​ C．To bring good fortune to visitors.​ D．To celebrate with relatives.​ 4．What do kadomatsu in Japan represent?​ A．Longevity and resilience.​ B．Good luck and wealth.​ C．Happiness and success.​ D．Health and wisdom.​ Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·期末） Rethink Food, a New York-based organization, is working hard to cut food waste and fight hunger by distributing (分发) food from restaurants and businesses to those in need. “We hope our example can show that it’s not just possible, but totally practical to achieve a fairer food system, ” co-founder and CEO Matt Jozwiak said. Across the US, 38 million people struggle to get nutritious (有营养的) food, but 42 percent of the nation’s food supply goes uneaten, according to Rethink Food’s website. Since Jozwiak started Rethink Food in 2017 with his friend Daniel Humm, the project has prepared and distributed more than 26 million meals and saved more than 2. 5 million pounds of food waste — but the project has changed over the years. “The year 2020 marked a turning point for the food industry as a whole; we were no exception. As restaurants closed and people became jobless, food insecurity (无保障) grew. Rethink Food pivoted its model to support both struggling restaurants and food-insecure communities; we began buying meals directly from local restaurants to distribute to people in need, ” said Jozwiak. At the same time, Rethink Food began working not only with restaurants, but community-based organizations, food banks and other groups to ensure meals reached the needy. It also developed a program to help restaurants rehire workers and provide meals at affordable prices. Weekly, Rethink Food receives nearly 12, 000 pounds of food from partners like Whole Foods and Chelsea Market restaurants. Rethink Food collects food throughout the morning from these restaurants before dropping it off at its kitchen. Then, the organization’s team create a menu, and prepare meals for delivery — made in the style of family cooking, but by cooks. “We take great care to make sure the meals at our Sustainable Community Kitchen are delicious, nutritious, and made with love, ” said Jozwiak. 5．What does Rethink Food aim to do? A．Provide well-paid jobs. B．Encourage a healthy life. C．Control the food prices. D．Feed communities in need. 6．What does the underlined word “pivoted” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Identified. B．Changed. C．Downloaded. D．Recommended. 7．How do Rethink Food’s team deal with the collected food? A．They bring it to their homes. B．They turn it into family-style meals. C．They have it reasonably priced. D．They sell it at their own restaurants. 8．What did Jozwiak say about the meals at the Sustainable Community Kitchen? A．They are too expensive. B．They are delivered at night. C．They are made at home. D．They are prepared with love. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·期末） Jersey City, New Jersey, is partnering with two Illinois companies to change used school buses into mobile units where people experiencing homelessness can access health services. The city bought the two buses from Joliet, Illinois, and is working with Infinity Trailers and Diamond Specialty Vehicles to turn them into spaces where people without housing can shower, wash clothes and receive health services. The project has been made possible by a $50,000 donation from Reckitt Benckiser, a company that specializes in health products. Named “Health Buses”, the vehicles will travel along a scheduled route and each will have two full shower and bathroom units, two washing machines, a medical room and free Wi-Fi. The buses will be free to use for all people, but they are specifically targeting women who are homeless to provide them with the safe spaces they need. The project is part of a larger effort by Jersey City to make health services more accessible to at-risk populations. “Our homeless are at special risk and special concern.” said Jersey City Mayor Steven Fulop. “By mobilizing our efforts directly to targeted areas and populations, we’re making our city services more accessible and therefore more used by those who need them most.” The buses will also work with housing companies to help those in need move toward housing readiness. Diamond Specialty Vehicles is dealing with the main part of the improvement work and is taking care of stripping (拆卸) the buses down and then turning them into a final product that’ll serve the community at large. “I think that so much of what we did before was usually a business-to-business type of project.” said Eric Stutzman, Diamond Specialty Vehicles’ CEO. “The project of Health Buses was absolutely our first try. We put great efforts and humanity to it. We’re serving disadvantaged groups, and I think that we have a responsibility to do that.” 9．Why does Jersey City work with two Illinois companies? A．To replace the used school buses. B．To offer health services to the homeless. C．To raise donations for homeless women. D．To provide free trips for the citizens. 10．Who directly made the project a reality? A．Infinity Trailers. B．Reckitt Benckiser. C．Jersey City Government. D．Diamond Specialty Vehicles. 11．What can people do on Health Buses? A．Have a nice wash. B．Use computers for free. C．Travel around Jersey City. D．Get washing machines repaired. 12．Which word can best describe the project of Health Buses according to Eric Stutzman? A．Time-consuming. B．Money-wasting. C．Educational. D．Pioneering. 主题03 人与自我——健康生活与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末） The word “manifest” has been chosen as Cambridge Dictionary’s Word of the Year for 2024. Manifest isn’t a new word; it’s been used since at least the 1400s to mean “clear” or “obvious. ” But as time went on, it had different meanings. Its modern meaning — “to imagine achieving something you want, with the belief that imagining it will make it happen” — was first used in the early 1900s. This is the version (版本) of the word that’s become popular today. Cambridge Dictionary’s Wendalyn Nicols explained that the Word of the Year is chosen based on three things: how popular the word is during the year, how it relates to important events, and how interesting it is as a word. And “manifest” was certainly popular — the word was looked up over 130, 000 times on the Cambridge Dictionary website in 2024. The word “manifest” gained traction thanks to celebrities (名人) like singer Dua Lipa, US gymnast Simone Biles, and England soccer player Ollie Watkins, who all said “manifesting” helped them achieve their goals. “Manifesting is a big thing for me, ” Dua Lipa told Time in April. The 2024 year was a big year for the singer, as she headlined the legendary Glastonbury music festival in England in June. As she stood on the stage, she shared how she had “manifested” the moment. “I’ve written this moment down and wished for it and dreamed it and worked so hard,” she said to the crowd. But not everyone is a fan of manifesting. Dr. Sander van der Linden, a psychologist from Cambridge University, believes manifesting is just “magical thinking” with no scientific proof that it actually works. “However, it is necessary to understand the difference between the power of positive thinking and moving reality with your mind — the former is healthy, while the latter is an unfounded belief,” he said. 1．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．More people tend to dream big. B．Language can change over time. C．Homan imagination knows no limits. D．The meaning of a word matters most. 2．What does the underlined part “gained traction” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Got popular. B．Became clear. C．Remained important. D．Looked new. 3．What does Dua Lipa’s experience suggest? A．She is proud of her confidence. B．She enjoys every moment on stage. C．She credited her success to manifesting. D．She believed 2024 was a lucky year for singers. 4．What is Dr. Sander van der Linden’s attitude towards manifesting? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Unconcerned. D．Surprised. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·陕西咸阳·期末）The concept of choice blindness suggests that people are not always aware of their choices and preferences. It is a part of a cognitive (认知的) phenomenon known as the introspection illusion (内省错觉). Essentially, people incorrectly believe that they fully understand the roots of their emotions and thoughts, yet believe that other people’s introspections are largely unreliable. In a pioneering study on the concept of choice blindness, researchers examined how people often overlook differences between their intentions and outcomes. The study involved having participants look at images of two different female faces for between two to five seconds. The participants then rated which face they found the most attractive. The researchers then changed the photo that the participants thought they had chosen to that of an entirely different woman, and the participants were asked to describe why they found the woman attractive. Surprisingly, only 13% of the participants noticed the switch. In fact, many went on to describe the reasons why they found the face attractive, even though it was not the woman that they had chosen at all. So why do so many people fail to notice these switches? Are we less aware of our preferences than we think we are? Interest in the choice at hand is one factor that might play a role. When an issue is more important to us, we might be likely to notice mismatches between what we choose and what we actually get. Additionally, the similarity of choices can have an effect — we may be less likely to notice small differences when presented with a choice we did not make. The ability to recognize faces plays a major role in our everyday lives. While this kind of mistake may not always be significant, there are times when it can be life-changing. So next time you’re making a decision, perhaps it will help to take an extra beat to fully understand and process your choice as you make it. You may be less susceptible to mistaking that choice for something else in the future. 5．What may happen to people when choice blindness occurs? A．They may easily trust others. B．They can make better decisions. C．They fully understand themselves. D．They may not get the desired result. 6．What were the participants asked to do? A．Make changes to their choices. B．Distinguish between two images. C．Make an explanation of their choices. D．Describe feelings about female faces. 7．Why do people fail to notice changes to their choices? A．They lack interest in the choice at hand. B．They are unaware of their preferences. C．They lay more emphasis on similarities. D．They are presented with more choices. 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To prove a point. B．To make a suggestion. C．To explain a rule. D．To confirm a prediction. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末） In 2018, Jennifer Groh PhD, a professor in the departments of psychology and neuroscience as well as neurobiology at Duke University, and her team discovered that the ears make a slight and imperceptible noise when the eyes move. In a new report, the Duke team shows that these sounds can reveal where your eyes are looking. “You can actually estimate the movement of the eyes, the position of the target that the eyes are going to look at, just from recordings made with a microphone in the ear,” said Groh. It also works the other way around. Just by knowing where someone is looking, Groh and her team are able to predict what the waveform of the slight ear sound would look like. These sounds, Groh believes, may be caused when eye movements stimulate the brain to contract (收缩) either middle ear muscles, which typically help reduce loud sounds, or the hair cells that help strengthen quiet sounds. The exact purpose of these ear noises is unclear, but Groh thinks it might make people sharper when perceiving things. “We think this is part of a system that allows the brain to match up where sights and sounds are located, even though our eyes can move when our head and ears do not,” Groh said. Understanding the relationship between slight ear sounds and vision might lead to the development of new clinical (临床的) tests for hearing. “If each part of the ear contributes to individual rules for the eardrum (耳膜) signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to judge which part of the ear fails to work normally,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology and neuroscience at Duke. 9．What does the underlined word “imperceptible” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Uncomfortable. B．Unnoticeable. C．Unavoidable. D．Unbearable. 10．What does the Duke team newly find? A．Ears make noises when moving. B．Eye movements help locate sounds. C．Ear sounds can reveal eye movements. D．Eye movements stimulate ear movements. 11．What does Jennifer Groh think of the mentioned ear noises? A．They could vary with brain movements. B．They help connect the brain with sights. C．They might improve people’s perception. D．They are produced by muscle movements. 12．What can we learn from Stephanie Lovich’s words? A．The findings can be applied to medical examinations for ears. B．The ear treatment and the eye treatment are closely connected. C．The relationship between ear sounds and vision is complicated. D．The understanding of eardrum signals contributes to ear health. 主题01 人与社会——人际沟通与社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川南充·期末） In a digital age where screens control children’s attention, Pakistani singer and activist Shehzad Roy is trying to help parents weaken this growing trend. Roy has made a chess course developed through the Zindagi Trust, his non-profit organisation, publicly available for free. The course seeks to inspire children to spend less time glued to their devices. On Sunday, Roy shared a heartfelt message for parents struggling to manage their children’s screen time. Highlighting the transformative power of chess, he said, “If you want to lower your kids’ screen time, teach them chess.” Recalling how Zindagi Trust introduced chess as a subject in its schools years ago, Roy reflected, “Because this is a competitive mind sport, we observed kids sitting alone for hours, thinking and designing. They were spending time with themselves.” He elaborated on the success of Zindagi Trust’s chess project, mentioning how girls from the programme have gone on to win Pakistan’s top chess championships. Roy urged everyone to teach children chess using the course available on the Zindagi Trust website, explaining that it could lead to noticeable changes in their routines and improve their mathematical and cognitive skills. The journey of incorporating chess in Zindagi Trust schools began in 2011 as part of the organisation’s broader goal to strengthen education in economically disadvantaged communities. 1．What problem is Roy trying to solve? A．The lack of profit in his organization. B．The decline in children’s sports time. C．The long screen time for children. D．The rise of online gaming addiction. 2．How does the chess course aim to benefit children? A．By improving their social skills. B．By developing their planning and thinking abilities. C．By encouraging them to take part in physical activities. D．By teaching them advanced math questions. 3．What does the underlined phrase “elaborated on” probably mean in paragraph 5? A．Affected. B．Ignored. C．Explained. D．Assumed. 4．What has been the wider aim of Zindagi Trust since 2011? A．To improve education level in low-income areas. B．To create a new business for the organization. C．To develop children’s skills in digital products. D．To introduce chess to all Pakistani schools. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建南平·期末） Joyful giggles (咯咯笑) fill the room, as the delighted baby plays with a laughing older man. Mark Gould, 62, is enjoying the game as much as the eight-month-old baby, whose parents Beth and Craig Macauley join in with their laughter. This scene is a daily event they all share. But until three years ago, Mark and the couple were total strangers. Beth, 28, and Craig, 32, had only met Mark a few times before he moved in with them, as part of a project called Shared Lives. Founded in 1978, this project has been placing strangers with needs with families, who are happy to give them a loving home, for 46 years. More than 10,000 carers have opened their homes to someone else who needs support. Craig’s mum had been a Shared Lives carer. It was seeing how much pleasure the role gave her and, in turn, their family, that made Craig keen to follow in her footsteps. After living in a nursing home for most of his life, with some learning difficulties and no blood family to care for him, Mark is finally part of a wonderfully happy home. Now Mark has learned how to make his own meals and can even go to the shops independently. He had never had the opportunity to learn how to do those things before. “It’s so good to be part of a family now. It really has changed my life.” “Mark gets a lot out of it, but it’s not one way, we get a lot out of it too. The four of us just enjoy life together. Also, it’s really important to us that our son is brought up in a home with a sense of kindness. Mark is not a stranger to our lives, he enriches them,” Craig said. 5．Which word can best describe the scene in paragraph 1? A．Loving. B．Noisy. C．Awkward. D．Stressful. 6．Who might receive support from Shared Lives? A．Seniors without a family. B．Couples with no children. C．Kids without learning chances. D．Strangers with no shelters. 7．What contributed to Craig’s joining in the project? A．Beth’s advice. B．His son’s need. C．Mark’s request. D．His mum’s influence. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Shared Lives B．Joyful Childhood C．A Helpful Couple D．A Lucky Old Man Passage 3 （24-25高一上·北京丰台·期末） When considering the members of my social network, I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth, affection and support. A handful, however, arouse quite different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and fear. In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Psychologists call them “ambivalent relationships”. According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful. They can damage your mental and physical health.     Knowing this, the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people. But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable.     To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories. Try it: pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale. When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favour, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships. Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties; low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships; both high indicate ambivalent connections — frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (怒斥) with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships, but research complicates this. Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. It also slowed their recovery after the task. In fact, even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind.     Furthermore, ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline. Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome (染色体) ends, prevent DNA damage during cell division. As we age, telomeres wear down, and, when they become too short, cells may start to malfunction or die. Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases.     The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family. Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 9．What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Giving help or encouragement. B．Continuing or developing gradually. C．Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D．Happening sometimes and not at other times. 10．The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad’s scale to ______. A．measure the level of generosity in friendships B．predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C．show it’s difficult to break up with frenemies. D．compare the benefits of different connections 11．What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A．Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B．Frenemies don’t need to say a word to cause anxiety. C．Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D．High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship. 12．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Understanding and Managing Frenemies B．The Complexities of Human Relationships C．The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D．The Double-Edged Sword of Social Connections 主题02 人与自我——语言学习与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东·期末） If you’ve been learning English for a while, you may have noticed that native speakers often use idioms (习语) in conversations. But do you know how to learn idioms and why they are so important? This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. With this guide, you’ll understand what idioms are, why native speakers use them so much, and how to learn and use idioms in your own conversations. Idioms are a unique aspect of language that can sometimes be confusing for language learners. So, what exactly are idioms and why are they important? Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. They play an important role in understanding and communicating effectively. Learning idioms is important for several reasons. Firstly, idioms can help you sound more like a native speaker. Including idioms into your conversations will make your speech more natural and fluent. Secondly, idioms are a key part of cultural understanding. Many idioms are deeply rooted in a country’s culture, history, and by understanding and using idioms, you can learn more about the culture of the language you are learning. Lastly, idioms are often used in literature, movies, and songs, so having a good grasp of idiomatic expressions can improve your overall understanding and appreciation of English media. 1．What is the main purpose of this guide? A．To tell the history of English idioms. B．To give the reasons for using English idioms. C．To help learners effectively learn English idioms. D．To explain the historical origins of English idioms. 2．What does the text suggest about the use of idioms by native speakers? A．They avoid using idioms in daily conversations. B．They use idioms frequently without realizing it. C．They are aware of using idioms in every conversation. D．They often use idioms when teaching language learners. 3．What can we know about English idioms? A．They are short and easy to remember. B．They are often used in formal situations. C．They are confusing and difficult to learn. D．They can make conversations more interesting. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards learning idioms? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.” “This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly. This not only helps students achieve their learning goals more effectively but also encourages a more interactive learning environment. Until 2020, 27 schools across 11 states have adopted Teach to One. Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs. Schools are often under pressure to follow a traditional curriculum (课程) with textbooks and teacher-led classes to ensure that they cover the content needed for standardized tests. Many worry that turning away from traditional practices could affect test results, which would then affect school rankings and the funding these schools receive. There is also the cost of purchasing the program, buying computers for students, adding math teachers, and reconstructing classrooms to meet the requirements of different teaching methods. The total costs involved with such programs can vary dramatically, with most school systems having to depend on grants (拨款) in order to cover them. “You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School. 5．The example of Nina Mones is mentioned in the first paragraph to ________. A．promote an app B．introduce the topic C．express an opinion D．show a difficult situation 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about?? A．How the program works. B．Why the program appeals to students. C．Why the program could change the role of school. D．How the program will help reduce students’ burdens. 7．What are some of the challenges schools face when adopting Teach to One 360? A．Teachers are eager to try new teaching methods. B．Schools have plenty of funding to support the program. C．Traditional textbooks and teacher-led classes are no longer required. D．Some teachers are unwilling to change and worry about job security. 8．What is Alfred Cordova’s attitude towards the future of personalized learning? A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Concerned. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·天津南开·期末） Students have received realistic exposure to working advanced technology, said Gerald LeTendre, the Harry Lawrence Batschelet Ⅱ Chair of Educational Administration in the College of Education. “All of us are dealing with technology and Al in our daily lives. I think it’s helpful for the students to see what the true capabilities (能力) of the technology are.” In a recent study, the researchers put a social robot in a 10-week project-based learning unit in a class. While this was an exploratory study with no specific questions, the overall goal was to see what would happen when you actually put this robot into a real-life classroom setting. The class put no restriction (约束) on what the children could do and no team backed up the robot to make it perform better. The researchers made weekly visits to observe the students’ involvement with the robot. They also conducted focus-group interviews. Then they analyzed the data to determine how the students thought about the robots. The students were eager to learn about the robot at first. Despite having a human-like form, the robot’s inability to shake hands or even move around in open areas of the classroom negatively impacted the students’ views of the robot as a social being. The buzz wore off when they thought the robot failed to meet their expectations. However, those glitches (小故障) also turned out to be not without value. “The technical issues allowed students to explore workable approaches — that’s what we like in a project-based learning environment,” said Raisa Gray, a doctoral candidate. “Some of these glitches that students came across provided more of a way for them to overcome these issues.” Another downfall students noted was the lack of a personalized, human-like response to their conversation starters. To expand their usefulness, LeTendre recommended increasing access to programs like ChatGPT, an Al program that creates personalized content based on human instructions, which offers the possibility of significantly enhancing the communication capacity of social robots. Although current technology and the high price tag attached to social robots limit the ability of robots to be widely used in public school classrooms, skillfully designed programs using social robots have the possibility of engaging and inspiring students. In the right learning environment, students can take full advantage of learning about social robots. 9．What is the main focus of the study? A．To compare the costs of different advanced technologies in education. B．To determine the long-term impact of social robots on student learning. C．To evaluate the effectiveness of social robots in a classroom setting. D．To analyze the technical specifications of social robots. 10．What does the author mean by saying “The buzz wore off” in Paragraph 4? A．The initial excitement about the robot decreased. B．The students became bored with the robot. C．The robot stopped working properly. D．The students started to ignore the robot. 11．How does Raisa Gray consider the shortcomings of social robots? A．They slowed down students’ learning process. B．They contributed little to students’ social skills. C．They enhanced students’ teamwork significantly. D．They encouraged students’ creative problem-solving. 12．What is LeTendre’s suggestion for improving social robots? A．To decrease the cost of social robots. B．To increase access to advanced Al models. C．To limit the use of social robots in classrooms. D．To focus on the physical design of social robots. 13．What is the author’s attitude towards using social robots in classrooms? A．The author is skeptical about the value of social robots in education. B．The author thinks social robots are not suitable for public school classrooms. C．The author is neutral and only presenting the findings of the study. D．The author believes social robots should be used more widely. 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与可持续发展 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·四川成都·期末） Chameleons are some of the most fascinating reptiles on Earth. There are over 200 species of this highly specialized lizard and most have the unusual ability to change color at will. Native to Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia, some species live in desert habitats, while others are rainforest inhabitants. Along with many other lizards, larger chameleons have tails that are adapted for grasping trees. They also have rapidly extendable tongues to catch prey. Chameleons have two forward-facing toes and two back toes, a climbing adaptation they share with some bird and owl species. Still another unusual characteristic possessed by chameleons is their independently mobile eyes. This is a strong advantage in both hunting prey and spotting predators. Most attractively, of course, chameleons can change the color of their skin. You might think the only reason chameleons change color is to escape from predators by mixing easily with their surroundings, but you would be wrong. The many purposes for their shifting appearance are much more interesting and include mating, hunting, social interaction, and defense. While chameleons can run very fast and usually flee from predators successfully using only their speed, they still need to hide, sometimes using camouflage. This adaptation enables the animal to regulate its body temperature and display its mood, signaling its intentions to other chameleons. Changing to a darker color increases the animal’s body temperature, while taking on a lighter shade produces the opposite effect. Chameleons also darken themselves in reaction to fear and change into their brightest colors in a display of excitement. A red chameleon is excited; a green one is probably calm. Males change color more often, and females do it to signal their willingness to mate. Chameleons can exhibit a wide range of colors, allowing people who keep pal chameleons, as some claim, to easily read their pet’s mood. 1．What can be inferred about a chameleon’s habitat requirements? A．It requires plenty of fresh water. B．It requires a warm climate. C．It requires a dry environment. D．It requires cool temperatures. 2．Which of the following chameleon characteristics is NOT commonly shared with other bird, owl or lizard species? A．The ability to move their tongues rapidly. B．Toes that face different directions. C．Tails that can function like hands. D．Eyes that move independently. 3．What is the chameleon’s primary defense mechanism? A．Speed. B．Combat. C．Biting. D．Camouflage. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE about chameleons? A．Male chameleons change color only when they are ready to fight. B．Female chameleons change color to display their intention to mate. C．Chameleons can read owners’ mood and give reaction in different colors. D．Chameleons can’t regulate body temperature because they’re cold-blooded. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期末） For generations of children, going to the circus (马戏团) has been one of the greatest experiences of their young lives. Amazing performers and impressive animal shows used to be the standards of what makes a good circus show. But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows. One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. Circus Roncalli, which has been touring since 1976, banned the use of wild animals in its shows in the 1990s, long before others began to take similar steps. Since then, Roncalli has used only household horses, but recently decided to stop using any live animals altogether. “We decided to stop using animals for their benefit,” said Markus Strobl, the media director of Circus Roncalli, in a 2017 interview with RP Online. “Most of the performances in the show would already be done by the artists today. The focus of the Circus Roncalli is on poetic performances. The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.” Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. Circus Roncalli is undoubtedly a big step ahead of the game. In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here. 5．What led to stopping animal shows? A．Absence of wild animals. B．Concerns about the animals. C．Disagreements from performers. D．Views on good circus shows. 6．From Markus Strobl’s words, we know that the holographic show _________. A．presents images from all directions B．focuses on animal performances C．covers part of the circus field D．replaces actors completely 7．What’s the author’s attitude to the future circus with holographic shows? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Indifferent. D．Opposed. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Age of Animal Care B．The Fall of Traditional Circuses C．The Rise of Live Animal Shows D．Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can eat. 9．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 11．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末） A roomful of hundreds of blooming orchids (盛开的兰花) is always a breathtaking sight. But Smithsonian Gardens has gone even further with its 28th annual orchid show held in the Kogod Courtyard. For the first time, Smithsonian Gardens used art to enrich the showy natural display, selecting the work of Baltimore-based artist Phaan Howng. Howng hopes her art inspires audiences to take action to support the protection of orchid species. Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials. The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition. The annual show educates visitors about orchids’ precarious situation in some areas of the world. The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat. Orchards are found around the globe everywhere except in Antarctica, says Kondrat. The largest diversity is in the tropics (热带地区), though they are under the most threat there due to disappearing habitats. Horticulturists periodically enhance the collection. Smithsonian Gardens aims to use appropriate collection techniques and safeguard the orchids for future generations and for scientific research and use, Kondrat says. Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.” 1．What can be learned about Smithsonian Gardens’ 28th orchid show? A．It focuses on orchids’ symbolic significance. B．It has long been known for its artistic element. C．It promotes technology use in art. D．It displays both real and artificial flowers. 2．Which aspect of orchids does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Their biological effects. B．Their environmental sensitivity. C．Their soil conditions. D．Their healthy growth. 3．What is the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A．Unlikely. B．Ideal. C．Dangerous. D．Different 4．What does Justin Kondrat want to show by mentioning the National Portrait Gallery? A．High-standard care for displayed orchids. B．Its cooperation with Smithsonian Gardens. C．Its contribution to the orchid exhibition. D．Effective techniques for collecting orchids. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了史密森尼花园第28届兰花展首融艺术，展350株活兰与艺术家作品，介绍兰花对环境敏感特性，警示其生存危机并强调高水准养护。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials.(霍恩的原作作品中包含了约350株活兰花，其画面中有着色彩鲜艳的花盆、手工绘制的树皮装饰以及精选兰花的三维雕塑作品。为了制作这些雕塑，她先使用了史密森尼花园兰花收藏中的植物的3D打印模型，然后将其固定在钢质底座上。之后，她还对这些雕塑进行了修改，并使用了各种人造材料进行完善)”可知，史密森尼花园的第28届兰花展既展示了真正的花朵，也展示了人造花朵。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchard Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition.(兰花植物离开理想的生长环境只能短暂存活：温度需保持在60至80华氏度，湿度需维持在65%至80%之间。而这些条件全年都在史密森尼博物馆占地16000平方英尺的温室中得以维持。史密森尼花园果园收藏项目的首席园艺家贾斯汀·康德拉特表示，占地28000平方英尺的科戈德庭院是这些兰花植物短期生长的适宜环境。史密森尼花园的员工会定期调节湿度，并在展览期间提供养分)”可知，第三段主要侧重于描述兰花的对环境的敏感性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat.(由于某些地区的非法采挖，兰花的数量已大幅减少，而且许多物种如今正受到气候和栖息地变化的威胁)”可知，后文明确解释兰花面临数量锐减以及气候与栖息地变化的威胁，说明其生存状态是危险的。故划线词意思是“危险的”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.”(康德拉特指出：“每株兰花都堪称一件鲜活的展品。”他还表示，这些兰花所受到的照料程度与国家肖像馆里展出的任何一幅画像一样，都极为细致入微)”可知，贾斯汀·康德拉特提及国家肖像画廊意在表明对展出兰花的精心照料。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广西梧州·期末）In 2010 there were no more than 20 wild tigers in China, most of which had crossed the border from Russia. That was until 2014, when camera traps captured footage of a tigress and her cubs in Jilin Wangqing Nature Reserve: it was a landmark moment — tigers were breeding (繁殖) in China again. Thanks to the efforts of the government and conservationists, the population has been gradually recovering and dispersing (分散) inland from the country’s northmost province at the border with Russia. But as poaching (偷猎) and deforestation remain a threat, rangers play a crucial role in protecting tiger habitats. Gathering data and trying to prevent poaching and illegal logging, they act as the eyes and ears of the forest. As tigers return to the northmost area of China, efforts are underway to ensure they are able to travel deeper into the country. A tale of a lone male tiger named Hu Wa shows exactly why enabling tigers to move is so important. This eight-year-old male is the only individual known in the Huangnihe Nature Reserve. His frantic search for a mate has seen him travel extensively, as far as the major city of Jilin. But with major infrastructure (基础设施) such as the Heda Highway blocking his movements, and stopping any tigress coming to him, there is an urgent need to restore wildlife corridors before it’s too late for Hu Wa to breed. On Global Tiger Day 2020, WWF-China is initiating a national campaign #TigersNeedCorridors, calling on the public to help government actions on corridor building. Hu Wa’s home — the Huangnihe Nature Reserve — is the first site of the country to be registered under the Conservation Assured Tiger Standards accreditation scheme, a commitment showcasing its ambition to safeguard the habitat for tigers into the future. China has also committed to increasing the extent of its protected areas, including creating the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park which covers 14,600km2, an area of 60% larger than Yellowstone National Park in the US. 5．What can we know from the first paragraph? A．There were 20 tigers in China in 2010. B．The wild tigers in China were from Russia. C．A tigress and her cubs were caught in Jilin. D．Tigers were found breeding in China again in 2014. 6．What does the underlined word “crucial” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Major. B．Secondary. C．Important. D．Leading. 7．What is the third paragraph mainly tell us about? A．A tale of a lone male tiger named Hu Wa. B．The importance of enabling tigers to move. C．A national campaign initiated by WWF-China. D．Government actions on corridor building. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．Wild Tigers Return to China B．Tigers Need Corridors C．Nature Reserves in China D．Global Tiger Day 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述中国野生虎种群恢复的现状、挑战及保护措施，重点提及巡护员的作用、东北虎“虎娃”的生存困境以及生态廊道建设的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段第一段“That was until 2014, when camera traps captured footage of a tigress and her cubs in Jilin Wangqing Nature Reserve: it was a landmark moment — tigers were breeding (繁殖) in China again.(但直到 2014 年，陷阱相机拍摄到了一只母虎及其幼崽在吉林汪清自然保护区的画面：这是一次具有里程碑意义的事件——中国再次出现了老虎的繁殖现象)”可知，2014年，人们再次在中国发现了老虎的繁殖活动。故选D。 6．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Gathering data and trying to prevent poaching and illegal logging, they act as the eyes and ears of the forest.(他们收集数据并努力阻止偷猎和非法砍伐行为，充当着森林的“眼睛和耳朵”)”可知，护林员收集数据并努力阻止偷猎和非法砍伐行为，充当着森林的“眼睛和耳朵”，说明作用很重要。故划线词意思是“重要的”。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“As tigers return to the northmost area of China, efforts are underway to ensure they are able to travel deeper into the country. A tale of a lone male tiger named Hu Wa shows exactly why enabling tigers to move is so important. This eight-year-old male is the only individual known in the Huangnihe Nature Reserve. His frantic search for a mate has seen him travel extensively, as far as the major city of Jilin. But with major infrastructure (基础设施) such as the Heda High blocking his movements, and stopping any tigress coming to him, there is an urgent need to restore wildlife corridors before it’s too late for Hu Wa to breed. On Global Tiger Day 2020, WWF-China is initiating a national campaign #TigersNeedCorridors, calling on the public to help government actions on corridor building.(随着老虎重返中国最北部地区，人们正在努力确保它们能够深入到更远的内陆地区。一只名叫“虎娃”的独雄虎的故事清楚地说明了让老虎能够自由迁徙为何如此重要。这只八岁的雄性老虎是黄尼河自然保护区中唯一的一只个体。但由于鹤大高速等主要基础设施阻碍了它的活动，也让任何雌性老虎无法接近它，因此在虎娃失去繁殖能力之前，亟需修复野生动物迁徙走廊。在 2020 年全球老虎日，世界自然基金会中国分会发起了一项全国性的活动 #老虎需要通道 ，呼吁公众协助政府的通道建设行动)”可知，第三段主要向我们讲述了让老虎能够自由活动的重要性。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“That was until 2014, when camera traps captured footage of a tigress and her cubs in Jilin Wangqing Nature Reserve: it was a landmark moment — tigers were breeding (繁殖) in China again.(但直到 2014 年，陷阱相机拍摄到了一只母虎及其幼崽在吉林汪清自然保护区的画面：这是一次具有里程碑意义的事件——中国再次出现了老虎的繁殖现象)”结合文章主要讲述中国野生虎种群恢复的现状、挑战及保护措施，重点提及巡护员的作用、东北虎“虎娃”的生存困境以及生态廊道建设的重要性。可知，A选项“野生老虎重返中国”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏·期末） Do animals besides humans have emotions? If so, which ones? Scientists and animal lovers often debate this issue. In the past, many scientists believed that animals could not be showing complex human emotions such as empathy. Empathy is the understanding of and sharing in another’s feelings. For example, if your little brother’s turtle dies, you probably would feel bad for him. Several recent experiments and observations support the theory that animals feel empathy. In 1964, one study showed that rhesus monkeys would not accept food if another monkey got an electric shock. Likewise, biologist Marc Bekoff reports that when he was watching elephants in Kenya, he noticed an elephant that had been lame for years. Although the elephant moved very slowly, the herd (兽群) never left it behind. They’d stop walking, check on her, and then wait for her. Bekoff also tells of Alaskan bear cubs that were orphaned when their mother was shot. One cub had been wounded, so he limped (跛行) along and swam painfully slowly, but his sister never left his side. She even fished salmon out of the river for him. There are reports of animals showing emotions besides empathy, too. In 2005, a humpback whale became tangled in fishing lines off California’s coast. After divers freed the whale, it played with and nuzzled (用鼻爱抚) each diver, seeming to show gratitude. Gorillas, lamas, and many other animals appear to express sorrow when a mate dies. And then there’s the story of the two abandoned terriers (梗犬) that were taken to an animal shelter. When one of them went blind, the other led his companion around the new environment by the scruff of the neck until the blind dog learned its way around. Maybe humans and animals aren’t so different after all. 9．What might cause a person to feel empathy? A．Having to move to another state. B．Being invited to a birthday party. C．Getting injured before a big game. D．Watching a friend be chosen last for a team. 10．Which animal or animals described in the passage showed empathy? A．The blind dog. B．The elephant herd. C．Gorillas and lamas. D．The humpback whale. 11．What makes the author doubt whether humans and animals are really so different? A．Animals appear to express emotions, too. B．Animals have been shown to use tools. C．Many animals live in pairs or groups. D．Animals can suffer injuries, too. 12．What can we infer from the text? A．Animals feel greater pain than people do. B．Empathy is an emotion shown only by humans. C．Some animals do not want another animal to suffer. D．Animals and people experience all the same emotions. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家通过实验和观察发现，猴子、大象等动物能表现同理心，其他动物也有感恩、悲伤等情感，表明动物可能有情绪。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Empathy is the understanding of and sharing in another’s feelings. For example, if your little brother’s turtle dies, you probably would feel bad for him.(同理心指的是对他人感受的理解和共情。例如，如果你的小弟弟的乌龟死了，你可能会为他感到难过)”可知，同理心指的是理解并分享他人的感受。结合选项推知“看着朋友最后被选入队伍” 会让人感受到朋友的失落，从而产生共情。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Likewise, biologist Marc Bekoff reports that when he was watching elephants in Kenya, he noticed an elephant that had been lame for years. Although the elephant moved very slowly, the herd (兽群) never left it behind.(同样地，生物学家马克·贝科夫报告说，在肯尼亚观察大象时，他注意到有一头大象已经跛行多年了。尽管这头大象行动十分缓慢，但象群从未抛弃它)”可知，象群为等待跛脚的同伴而停下脚步，体现了对同伴的关心与共情，即大象群表现出了同理心。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are reports of animals showing emotions besides empathy, too.(除了共情之外，还有动物表现出其他情感的报道)”以及“Maybe humans and animals aren’t so different after all. (也许人类和动物其实并没有那么不同)”可知，动物似乎也能表达情感让作者开始怀疑人类和动物之间是否真的存在如此大的差异。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 1964, one study showed that rhesus monkeys would not accept food if another monkey got an electric shock.(1964 年，有一项研究显示，如果一只猕猴看到另一只猕猴遭受电击，它就不会接受食物了)”可知，有些动物是不愿意看到其他动物遭受痛苦的。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——文化传承与社会公益 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Every culture has its own way of celebrating the arrival of a new year, and these traditions offer a fascinating look into local customs and values.​ In Vietnam, Tet Nguyen Dan, or Tet, is the most important holiday. Families spend weeks cleaning their homes to sweep away bad luck. On New Year’s Eve, they gather for a feast with special dishes like banh chung (sticky rice cakes), which symbolize prosperity. Children receive red envelopes with money, and people visit relatives to exchange good wishes.​ In Scotland, Hogmanay is celebrated with lively street parties, especially in Edinburgh. A popular tradition is “first-footing” — the first person to enter a home after midnight should bring gifts like shortbread or whiskey to bring good fortune. Fireworks light up the sky, and people sing Auld Lang Syne at midnight.​ In Japan, Oshogatsu is a time for reflection and new beginnings. Many people visit temples to pray for a good year, and families eat toshikoshi soba (long noodles) to wish for a long life. Homes are decorated with kadomatsu — arrangements of pine, bamboo, and plum branches, which represent longevity and resilience.​ These diverse New Year traditions from around the world not only showcase the rich cultural heritage of different countries but also reflect the common values of family, prosperity, and new beginnings that unite people across the globe. 1．What is the most important holiday in Vietnam?​ A．Hogmanay.​ B．Oshogatsu.​ C．Tet Nguyen Dan.​ D．Auld Lang Syne.​ 2．What do Scottish people do during Hogmanay?​ A．Eat sticky rice cakes.​ B．Have street parties and fireworks.​ C．Visit temples to pray.​ D．Clean their homes thoroughly.​ 3．Why do Japanese families eat toshikoshi soba?​ A．To symbolize prosperity.​ B．To wish for a long life.​ C．To bring good fortune to visitors.​ D．To celebrate with relatives.​ 4．What do kadomatsu in Japan represent?​ A．Longevity and resilience.​ B．Good luck and wealth.​ C．Happiness and success.​ D．Health and wisdom.​ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越南、苏格兰和日本三个国家庆祝新年的独特传统，解释了这些习俗的象征意义，并强调了它们所体现的共同价值观。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Vietnam, Tet Nguyen Dan, or Tet, is the most important holiday. ( 在越南，Tet Nguyen Dan，简称Tet，是最重要的节日。)”可知，越南最重要的节日是 Tet Nguyen Dan。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In Scotland, Hogmanay is celebrated with lively street parties, especially in Edinburgh. A popular tradition is “first-footing” — the first person to enter a home after midnight should bring gifts like shortbread or whiskey to bring good fortune. Fireworks light up the sky, and people sing Auld Lang Syne at midnight. (在苏格兰，人们会以热闹的街头派对庆祝Hogmanay，尤其是在爱丁堡。一个广受欢迎的传统是“first-footing”——午夜后第一个进入他人家中的人要携带酥饼或威士忌等礼物，为对方带来好运。夜空中烟花绽放，人们在午夜时分齐唱《友谊地久天长》。)”可知，苏格兰人在Hogmanay会举办街头派对并燃放烟花。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many people visit temples to pray for a good year, and families eat toshikoshi soba (long noodles) to wish for a long life. (许多人会前往寺庙祈福，祈求新年顺遂；家人们会吃年节荞麦面，寓意长寿。)”可知，日本家庭吃年节荞麦面是为了祈求长寿。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Homes are decorated with kadomatsu — arrangements of pine, bamboo, and plum branches, which represent longevity and resilience. (家中会摆放门松 ——由松枝、竹枝和梅枝组成的装饰，象征着长寿与坚韧。)”可知，日本的门松象征着长寿与坚韧。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·期末） Rethink Food, a New York-based organization, is working hard to cut food waste and fight hunger by distributing (分发) food from restaurants and businesses to those in need. “We hope our example can show that it’s not just possible, but totally practical to achieve a fairer food system, ” co-founder and CEO Matt Jozwiak said. Across the US, 38 million people struggle to get nutritious (有营养的) food, but 42 percent of the nation’s food supply goes uneaten, according to Rethink Food’s website. Since Jozwiak started Rethink Food in 2017 with his friend Daniel Humm, the project has prepared and distributed more than 26 million meals and saved more than 2. 5 million pounds of food waste — but the project has changed over the years. “The year 2020 marked a turning point for the food industry as a whole; we were no exception. As restaurants closed and people became jobless, food insecurity (无保障) grew. Rethink Food pivoted its model to support both struggling restaurants and food-insecure communities; we began buying meals directly from local restaurants to distribute to people in need, ” said Jozwiak. At the same time, Rethink Food began working not only with restaurants, but community-based organizations, food banks and other groups to ensure meals reached the needy. It also developed a program to help restaurants rehire workers and provide meals at affordable prices. Weekly, Rethink Food receives nearly 12, 000 pounds of food from partners like Whole Foods and Chelsea Market restaurants. Rethink Food collects food throughout the morning from these restaurants before dropping it off at its kitchen. Then, the organization’s team create a menu, and prepare meals for delivery — made in the style of family cooking, but by cooks. “We take great care to make sure the meals at our Sustainable Community Kitchen are delicious, nutritious, and made with love, ” said Jozwiak. 5．What does Rethink Food aim to do? A．Provide well-paid jobs. B．Encourage a healthy life. C．Control the food prices. D．Feed communities in need. 6．What does the underlined word “pivoted” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Identified. B．Changed. C．Downloaded. D．Recommended. 7．How do Rethink Food’s team deal with the collected food? A．They bring it to their homes. B．They turn it into family-style meals. C．They have it reasonably priced. D．They sell it at their own restaurants. 8．What did Jozwiak say about the meals at the Sustainable Community Kitchen? A．They are too expensive. B．They are delivered at night. C．They are made at home. D．They are prepared with love. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了纽约的一个组织Rethink Food致力于减少食物浪费并通过分发餐馆和企业的食物给有需要的人来对抗饥饿，阐述了其发展历程、目标以及食物处理方式等。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Rethink Food, a New York-based organization, is working hard to cut food waste and fight hunger by distributing food from restaurants and businesses to those in need. (Rethink Food，一个总部位于纽约的组织，正在努力减少食物浪费，并通过将餐馆和企业的食物分发给有需要的人来对抗饥饿)”可知，Rethink Food的目标是为有需要的社区提供食物，故选D项。 6．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“As restaurants closed and people became jobless, food insecurity grew. Rethink Food pivoted its model to support both struggling restaurants and food-insecure communities. We began buying meals directly from local restaurants to distribute to people in need (随着餐馆关闭，人们失业，食品不安全状况加剧。Rethink Food ……其模式以支持陷入困境的餐馆和食品不安全的社区。我们开始直接从当地餐馆购买餐食分发给有需要的人)”可知，因为客观情况发生了变化，Rethink Food开始直接从当地餐馆购买餐食分发给有需要的人，可推理出Rethink Food的经营模式也发生了改变，所以pivoted的意思是“改变”，故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Then, the organization’s team create a menu, and prepare meals for delivery — made in the style of family cooking, but by cooks. (然后，该组织的团队创建菜单，准备送餐——以家庭烹饪的风格制作，但由厨师完成)”可知该组织的团队以家庭烹饪的风格制作食物，所以Rethink Food的团队把收集来的食物变成家庭式的饭菜，故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We take great care to make sure the meals at our Sustainable Community Kitchen are delicious, nutritious, and made with love (我们非常小心地确保我们可持续社区厨房的饭菜美味、营养且充满爱心)”可知，Jozwiak说可持续社区厨房的饭菜是用爱心做出来的，故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·期末） Jersey City, New Jersey, is partnering with two Illinois companies to change used school buses into mobile units where people experiencing homelessness can access health services. The city bought the two buses from Joliet, Illinois, and is working with Infinity Trailers and Diamond Specialty Vehicles to turn them into spaces where people without housing can shower, wash clothes and receive health services. The project has been made possible by a $50,000 donation from Reckitt Benckiser, a company that specializes in health products. Named “Health Buses”, the vehicles will travel along a scheduled route and each will have two full shower and bathroom units, two washing machines, a medical room and free Wi-Fi. The buses will be free to use for all people, but they are specifically targeting women who are homeless to provide them with the safe spaces they need. The project is part of a larger effort by Jersey City to make health services more accessible to at-risk populations. “Our homeless are at special risk and special concern.” said Jersey City Mayor Steven Fulop. “By mobilizing our efforts directly to targeted areas and populations, we’re making our city services more accessible and therefore more used by those who need them most.” The buses will also work with housing companies to help those in need move toward housing readiness. Diamond Specialty Vehicles is dealing with the main part of the improvement work and is taking care of stripping (拆卸) the buses down and then turning them into a final product that’ll serve the community at large. “I think that so much of what we did before was usually a business-to-business type of project.” said Eric Stutzman, Diamond Specialty Vehicles’ CEO. “The project of Health Buses was absolutely our first try. We put great efforts and humanity to it. We’re serving disadvantaged groups, and I think that we have a responsibility to do that.” 9．Why does Jersey City work with two Illinois companies? A．To replace the used school buses. B．To offer health services to the homeless. C．To raise donations for homeless women. D．To provide free trips for the citizens. 10．Who directly made the project a reality? A．Infinity Trailers. B．Reckitt Benckiser. C．Jersey City Government. D．Diamond Specialty Vehicles. 11．What can people do on Health Buses? A．Have a nice wash. B．Use computers for free. C．Travel around Jersey City. D．Get washing machines repaired. 12．Which word can best describe the project of Health Buses according to Eric Stutzman? A．Time-consuming. B．Money-wasting. C．Educational. D．Pioneering. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新泽西州的泽西城与两家伊利诺伊州的公司合作，将废旧校车改造成名为“健康巴士”的移动设备，为无家可归者提供医疗服务、淋浴、洗衣等便利。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jersey City, New Jersey, is partnering with two Illinois companies to change used school buses into mobile units where people experiencing homelessness can access health services.(新泽西州泽西城正在与伊利诺伊州的两家公司合作，将二手校车改装成移动设备，让无家可归的人可以获得医疗服务)”可知，泽西城与两家伊利诺伊州的公司合作为无家可归者提供医疗服务。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The project has been made possible by a $50,000 donation from Reckitt Benckiser, a company that specializes in health products.(这个项目是由一家专门从事保健产品的公司利洁时捐赠的5万美元实现的)”可知，利洁时公司直接使这个项目成为现实。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“Named “Health Buses”, the vehicles will travel along a scheduled route and each will have two full shower and bathroom units, two washing machines, a medical room and free Wi-Fi.(这些被命名为“健康巴士”的车辆将沿着预定路线行驶，每辆车将配备两个完整的淋浴和浴室设备、两台洗衣机、一个医务室和免费Wi-Fi)”可知，在健康巴士上，人们可以洗澡或者洗衣服。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I think that so much of what we did before was usually a business-to-business type of project.” said Eric Stutzman, Diamond Specialty Vehicles’ CEO. “The project of Health Buses was absolutely our first try. We put great efforts and humanity to it. We’re serving disadvantaged groups, and I think that we have a responsibility to do that.” (“我认为我们之前做的很多事情通常都是企业对企业的项目。”Diamond Specialty Vehicles首席执行官Eric Stutzman表示。“健康巴士项目绝对是我们的第一次尝试。我们付出了巨大的努力和人性。我们在为弱势群体服务，我认为我们有责任这样做。”)”可知，健康巴士项目是他们的第一次尝试。由此推知，这个项目具有开创性。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——健康生活与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末） The word “manifest” has been chosen as Cambridge Dictionary’s Word of the Year for 2024. Manifest isn’t a new word; it’s been used since at least the 1400s to mean “clear” or “obvious. ” But as time went on, it had different meanings. Its modern meaning — “to imagine achieving something you want, with the belief that imagining it will make it happen” — was first used in the early 1900s. This is the version (版本) of the word that’s become popular today. Cambridge Dictionary’s Wendalyn Nicols explained that the Word of the Year is chosen based on three things: how popular the word is during the year, how it relates to important events, and how interesting it is as a word. And “manifest” was certainly popular — the word was looked up over 130, 000 times on the Cambridge Dictionary website in 2024. The word “manifest” gained traction thanks to celebrities (名人) like singer Dua Lipa, US gymnast Simone Biles, and England soccer player Ollie Watkins, who all said “manifesting” helped them achieve their goals. “Manifesting is a big thing for me, ” Dua Lipa told Time in April. The 2024 year was a big year for the singer, as she headlined the legendary Glastonbury music festival in England in June. As she stood on the stage, she shared how she had “manifested” the moment. “I’ve written this moment down and wished for it and dreamed it and worked so hard,” she said to the crowd. But not everyone is a fan of manifesting. Dr. Sander van der Linden, a psychologist from Cambridge University, believes manifesting is just “magical thinking” with no scientific proof that it actually works. “However, it is necessary to understand the difference between the power of positive thinking and moving reality with your mind — the former is healthy, while the latter is an unfounded belief,” he said. 1．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．More people tend to dream big. B．Language can change over time. C．Homan imagination knows no limits. D．The meaning of a word matters most. 2．What does the underlined part “gained traction” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Got popular. B．Became clear. C．Remained important. D．Looked new. 3．What does Dua Lipa’s experience suggest? A．She is proud of her confidence. B．She enjoys every moment on stage. C．She credited her success to manifesting. D．She believed 2024 was a lucky year for singers. 4．What is Dr. Sander van der Linden’s attitude towards manifesting? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful. C．Unconcerned. D．Surprised. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了“manifest”一词被选为2024年《剑桥词典》年度词汇的原因，包括其历史含义、现代含义、流行程度以及与名人和重要事件的关联，同时还提及了不同人对“manifesting”现象的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Manifest isn’t a new word; it’s been used since at least the 1400s to mean “clear” or “obvious. ” But as time went on, it had different meanings. Its modern meaning — “to imagine achieving something you want, with the belief that imagining it will make it happen” — was first used in the early 1900s. This is the version (版本) of the word that’s become popular today.(Manifest并不是一个新词；至少从15世纪开始，它就被用来表示“清楚的”或“明显的”。但随着时间的推移，它有了不同的含义。它的现代含义是“想象实现你想要的东西，并相信想象会使它实现”，在20世纪初首次使用。这是这个词今天很流行的版本)”可知，从本段可推断语言会随着时间而改变。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“thanks to celebrities (名人) like singer Dua Lipa, US gymnast Simone Biles, and England soccer player Ollie Watkins, who all said “manifesting” helped them achieve their goals.(由于歌手杜瓦·利帕、美国体操运动员西蒙娜·拜尔斯和英格兰足球运动员奥利·沃特金斯等名人，他们都说“manifest”一词帮助他们实现了目标)”可知，由于名人的推广，所以manifest这个词得到了广泛的关注，推知gained traction为“广为人知”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Manifesting is a big thing for me, ” Dua Lipa told Time in April. The 2024 year was a big year for the singer, as she headlined the legendary Glastonbury music festival in England in June. As she stood on the stage, she shared how she had “manifested” the moment. “I’ve written this moment down and wished for it and dreamed it and worked so hard,” she said to the crowd.(“manifesting对我来说是件大事，”Dua Lipa在四月接受《时代》杂志采访时表示。2024年对这位歌手来说意义重大，因为她在6月担任了英国传奇格拉斯顿伯里音乐节的头牌艺人。站在舞台上，她分享了自己是如何“manifested”这一时刻的。“我把这个时刻写下来，许下愿望，梦想着它，并为此付出了巨大努力，”她对观众说道)”可知，Dua Lipa把自己的成功归功于manifesting。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But not everyone is a fan of manifesting. Dr. Sander van der Linden, a psychologist from Cambridge University, believes manifesting is just “magical thinking” with no scientific proof that it actually works. “However, it is necessary to understand the difference between the power of positive thinking and moving reality with your mind — the former is healthy, while the latter is an unfounded belief,” he said.(但并不是每个人都喜欢manifesting。剑桥大学的心理学家Sander van der Linden博士认为，manifesting只是“神奇的想法”，没有科学证据证明它确实有效。他说：“然而，有必要了解积极思考的力量和用头脑改变现实之间的区别——前者是健康的，而后者是毫无根据的信念。”)”可知，Sander van der Linden博士认为，manifesting只是“神奇的想法”，没有科学证据证明它确实有效，所以是怀疑的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·陕西咸阳·期末）The concept of choice blindness suggests that people are not always aware of their choices and preferences. It is a part of a cognitive (认知的) phenomenon known as the introspection illusion (内省错觉). Essentially, people incorrectly believe that they fully understand the roots of their emotions and thoughts, yet believe that other people’s introspections are largely unreliable. In a pioneering study on the concept of choice blindness, researchers examined how people often overlook differences between their intentions and outcomes. The study involved having participants look at images of two different female faces for between two to five seconds. The participants then rated which face they found the most attractive. The researchers then changed the photo that the participants thought they had chosen to that of an entirely different woman, and the participants were asked to describe why they found the woman attractive. Surprisingly, only 13% of the participants noticed the switch. In fact, many went on to describe the reasons why they found the face attractive, even though it was not the woman that they had chosen at all. So why do so many people fail to notice these switches? Are we less aware of our preferences than we think we are? Interest in the choice at hand is one factor that might play a role. When an issue is more important to us, we might be likely to notice mismatches between what we choose and what we actually get. Additionally, the similarity of choices can have an effect — we may be less likely to notice small differences when presented with a choice we did not make. The ability to recognize faces plays a major role in our everyday lives. While this kind of mistake may not always be significant, there are times when it can be life-changing. So next time you’re making a decision, perhaps it will help to take an extra beat to fully understand and process your choice as you make it. You may be less susceptible to mistaking that choice for something else in the future. 5．What may happen to people when choice blindness occurs? A．They may easily trust others. B．They can make better decisions. C．They fully understand themselves. D．They may not get the desired result. 6．What were the participants asked to do? A．Make changes to their choices. B．Distinguish between two images. C．Make an explanation of their choices. D．Describe feelings about female faces. 7．Why do people fail to notice changes to their choices? A．They lack interest in the choice at hand. B．They are unaware of their preferences. C．They lay more emphasis on similarities. D．They are presented with more choices. 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To prove a point. B．To make a suggestion. C．To explain a rule. D．To confirm a prediction. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“选择失察”的概念，提及相关人脸选择实验及未察觉调换的原因，最后建议做决策时多思考以减少失误。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The concept of choice blindness suggests that people are not always aware of their choices and preferences(选择失察的概念表明人们并不总是意识到自己的选择和偏好)”以及第三段“many went on to describe the reasons why they found the face attractive, even though it was not the woman that they had chosen at all(许多人继续描述他们觉得这张脸有吸引力的原因，尽管这根本不是他们选择的那个女性)”可知，当选择失察发生时，许多人继续描述他们觉得这张脸有吸引力的原因，尽管这根本不是他们选择的那个女性。由此推知，当选择失察发生时，人们可能无法获得他们原本想要的结果。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the participants were asked to describe why they found the woman attractive(参与者被要求描述为什么他们觉得这个女性有吸引力)”可知，参与者被要求解释他们选择的原因。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Interest in the choice at hand is one factor that might play a role. When an issue is more important to us, we might be likely to notice mismatches between what we choose and what we actually get (选项本身能否引起我们的兴趣是一个可能起作用的因素。当某个问题对我们而言更为重要时，我们就更容易注意到自己所做的选择与实际所得之间的不匹配之处)”推知，文中明确指出对当前选择的兴趣是影响因素之一，并进一步解释 “当事情更重要（即兴趣更强）时，更容易发现偏差”—— 反向推导可知：若对当前选择缺乏兴趣，就难以察觉选择被篡改。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So next time you’re making a decision, perhaps it will help to take an extra beat to fully understand and process your choice as you make it(所以下次你做决定时，或许多花一点时间充分理解和处理你的选择会有所帮助)”推知，作者在最后一段提出建议，希望人们在决策时更加谨慎。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江苏无锡·期末） In 2018, Jennifer Groh PhD, a professor in the departments of psychology and neuroscience as well as neurobiology at Duke University, and her team discovered that the ears make a slight and imperceptible noise when the eyes move. In a new report, the Duke team shows that these sounds can reveal where your eyes are looking. “You can actually estimate the movement of the eyes, the position of the target that the eyes are going to look at, just from recordings made with a microphone in the ear,” said Groh. It also works the other way around. Just by knowing where someone is looking, Groh and her team are able to predict what the waveform of the slight ear sound would look like. These sounds, Groh believes, may be caused when eye movements stimulate the brain to contract (收缩) either middle ear muscles, which typically help reduce loud sounds, or the hair cells that help strengthen quiet sounds. The exact purpose of these ear noises is unclear, but Groh thinks it might make people sharper when perceiving things. “We think this is part of a system that allows the brain to match up where sights and sounds are located, even though our eyes can move when our head and ears do not,” Groh said. Understanding the relationship between slight ear sounds and vision might lead to the development of new clinical (临床的) tests for hearing. “If each part of the ear contributes to individual rules for the eardrum (耳膜) signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to judge which part of the ear fails to work normally,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology and neuroscience at Duke. 9．What does the underlined word “imperceptible” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Uncomfortable. B．Unnoticeable. C．Unavoidable. D．Unbearable. 10．What does the Duke team newly find? A．Ears make noises when moving. B．Eye movements help locate sounds. C．Ear sounds can reveal eye movements. D．Eye movements stimulate ear movements. 11．What does Jennifer Groh think of the mentioned ear noises? A．They could vary with brain movements. B．They help connect the brain with sights. C．They might improve people’s perception. D．They are produced by muscle movements. 12．What can we learn from Stephanie Lovich’s words? A．The findings can be applied to medical examinations for ears. B．The ear treatment and the eye treatment are closely connected. C．The relationship between ear sounds and vision is complicated. D．The understanding of eardrum signals contributes to ear health. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了杜克大学的研究团队发现耳朵在眼睛移动时会发出微小且不易察觉的声音，并且这些声音可以揭示眼睛的运动，还探讨了这些声音的可能成因、作用以及潜在的临床应用价值。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段“In 2018, Jennifer Groh PhD, a professor in the departments of psychology and neuroscience as well as neurobiology at Duke University, and her team discovered that the ears make a slight and …noise when the eyes move(2018年，杜克大学心理学系、神经科学系及神经生物学系的教授珍妮弗·格罗博士与其研究团队共同发现，人类的眼睛在移动时，耳朵会产生一种微弱且……的声音)”可知，这种声音非常微弱，需要专用设备才能捕捉，因此“imperceptible”意为“难以察觉的”。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a new report, the Duke team shows that these sounds can reveal where your eyes are looking.(在一份新的报告中，杜克大学的研究小组表明，这些声音可以揭示你的眼睛在看哪里。)”可知，杜克团队的新发现是耳朵的声音可以揭示眼球的运动。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段“The exact purpose of these ear noises is unclear, but Groh thinks it might make people sharper when perceiving things.(这些耳音的确切目的尚不清楚，但Groh认为，它可能会使人们在感知事物时更加敏锐。)”可知，Jennifer Groh认为这些耳音可能会提高人们的感知能力。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Understanding the relationship between slight ear sounds and vision might lead to the development of new clinical (临床的) tests for hearing. “If each part of the ear contributes to individual rules for the eardrum (耳膜) signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to judge which part of the ear fails to work normally,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology and neuroscience at Duke.(理解细微耳音与视觉之间的关系，或有助于开发出新型的听力临床检测方法。该论文的主要作者之一、杜克大学心理学与神经科学专业的研究生斯蒂芬妮·洛维奇表示：“如果耳朵的各个部分都遵循着各自独特的鼓膜信号规律，那么这些特征就可以作为一种临床工具，用以判断耳朵哪一部分出现了功能异常”)”可知，该研究发现可应用于耳朵的医学检查。故选A项。 主题01 人与社会——人际沟通与社会服务 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·四川南充·期末） In a digital age where screens control children’s attention, Pakistani singer and activist Shehzad Roy is trying to help parents weaken this growing trend. Roy has made a chess course developed through the Zindagi Trust, his non-profit organisation, publicly available for free. The course seeks to inspire children to spend less time glued to their devices. On Sunday, Roy shared a heartfelt message for parents struggling to manage their children’s screen time. Highlighting the transformative power of chess, he said, “If you want to lower your kids’ screen time, teach them chess.” Recalling how Zindagi Trust introduced chess as a subject in its schools years ago, Roy reflected, “Because this is a competitive mind sport, we observed kids sitting alone for hours, thinking and designing. They were spending time with themselves.” He elaborated on the success of Zindagi Trust’s chess project, mentioning how girls from the programme have gone on to win Pakistan’s top chess championships. Roy urged everyone to teach children chess using the course available on the Zindagi Trust website, explaining that it could lead to noticeable changes in their routines and improve their mathematical and cognitive skills. The journey of incorporating chess in Zindagi Trust schools began in 2011 as part of the organisation’s broader goal to strengthen education in economically disadvantaged communities. 1．What problem is Roy trying to solve? A．The lack of profit in his organization. B．The decline in children’s sports time. C．The long screen time for children. D．The rise of online gaming addiction. 2．How does the chess course aim to benefit children? A．By improving their social skills. B．By developing their planning and thinking abilities. C．By encouraging them to take part in physical activities. D．By teaching them advanced math questions. 3．What does the underlined phrase “elaborated on” probably mean in paragraph 5? A．Affected. B．Ignored. C．Explained. D．Assumed. 4．What has been the wider aim of Zindagi Trust since 2011? A．To improve education level in low-income areas. B．To create a new business for the organization. C．To develop children’s skills in digital products. D．To introduce chess to all Pakistani schools. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了巴基斯坦歌手和活动家Shehzad Roy通过非营利组织Zindagi Trust，帮助孩子们减少看电子屏幕的时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Roy has made a chess course developed through the Zindagi Trust, his non-profit organisation, publicly available for free. The course seeks to inspire children to spend less time glued to their devices. (罗伊通过他的非营利组织Zindagi Trust开发了一门国际象棋课程，免费向公众开放。这门课程旨在鼓励孩子们少花点时间盯着电子设备。)”可知，罗伊想解决孩子看屏幕的时间过长的问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Recalling how Zindagi Trust introduced chess as a subject in its schools years ago, Roy reflected, “Because this is a competitive mind sport, we observed kids sitting alone for hours, thinking and designing. They were spending time with themselves.” (回想起几年前Zindagi Trust如何将国际象棋作为一门课程引入学校，罗伊回忆道：“因为这是一项竞争性的智力运动，我们观察到孩子们独自坐上几个小时，思考和设计。他们花时间和自己在一起。”)”可知，国际象棋课程的目的是通过培养儿童的计划和思考能力使儿童受益。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the success of Zindagi Trust’s chess project, mentioning how girls from the programme have gone on to win Pakistan’s top chess championship (津达吉信托国际象棋项目的成功，提到了该项目的女孩如何赢得巴基斯坦顶级国际象棋锦标赛)”可知，罗伊提到了该项目的女孩如何赢得巴基斯坦顶级国际象棋锦标赛，即解释了津达吉信托国际象棋项目取得的成功，故划线词意思是“解释”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The journey of incorporating chess in Zindagi Trust schools began in 2011 as part of the organisation’s broader goal to strengthen education in economically disadvantaged communities. (将国际象棋纳入Zindagi信托学校的旅程始于2011年，作为该组织加强经济弱势社区教育的更广泛目标的一部分。)”可知，自2011年以来，Zindagi Trust的更大目标是提高低收入地区的教育水平。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建南平·期末） Joyful giggles (咯咯笑) fill the room, as the delighted baby plays with a laughing older man. Mark Gould, 62, is enjoying the game as much as the eight-month-old baby, whose parents Beth and Craig Macauley join in with their laughter. This scene is a daily event they all share. But until three years ago, Mark and the couple were total strangers. Beth, 28, and Craig, 32, had only met Mark a few times before he moved in with them, as part of a project called Shared Lives. Founded in 1978, this project has been placing strangers with needs with families, who are happy to give them a loving home, for 46 years. More than 10,000 carers have opened their homes to someone else who needs support. Craig’s mum had been a Shared Lives carer. It was seeing how much pleasure the role gave her and, in turn, their family, that made Craig keen to follow in her footsteps. After living in a nursing home for most of his life, with some learning difficulties and no blood family to care for him, Mark is finally part of a wonderfully happy home. Now Mark has learned how to make his own meals and can even go to the shops independently. He had never had the opportunity to learn how to do those things before. “It’s so good to be part of a family now. It really has changed my life.” “Mark gets a lot out of it, but it’s not one way, we get a lot out of it too. The four of us just enjoy life together. Also, it’s really important to us that our son is brought up in a home with a sense of kindness. Mark is not a stranger to our lives, he enriches them,” Craig said. 5．Which word can best describe the scene in paragraph 1? A．Loving. B．Noisy. C．Awkward. D．Stressful. 6．Who might receive support from Shared Lives? A．Seniors without a family. B．Couples with no children. C．Kids without learning chances. D．Strangers with no shelters. 7．What contributed to Craig’s joining in the project? A．Beth’s advice. B．His son’s need. C．Mark’s request. D．His mum’s influence. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Shared Lives B．Joyful Childhood C．A Helpful Couple D．A Lucky Old Man 【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“共享生活”（Shared Lives）项目，主要为有需要的陌生人提供家庭服务。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Joyful giggles (咯咯笑) fill the room, as the delighted baby plays with a laughing older man. Mark Gould, 62, is enjoying the game as much as the eight-month-old baby, whose parents Beth and Craig Macauley join in with their laughter.(房间里充满了欢快的笑声，宝宝和一个大笑的老人在一起玩耍。62岁的马克·古尔德和这个8个月大的孩子一样喜欢这个游戏，孩子的父母贝丝和克雷格·麦考利也加入了他们的欢笑)”可知，第一段中的场景是有爱的。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Founded in 1978, this project has been placing strangers with needs with families, who are happy to give them a loving home, for 46 years.(该项目成立于1978年，46年来一直为有需要的陌生人提供家庭服务，这些家庭很乐意为他们提供一个充满爱的家)”可知，没有家庭的老年人可能从共享生活中得到支持。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Craig’s mum had been a Shared Lives carer. It was seeing how much pleasure the role gave her and, in turn, their family, that made Craig keen to follow in her footsteps.(克雷格的妈妈是“共享生活”的护工。看到这个角色给她和他们的家庭带来了如此多的快乐，克雷格渴望跟随她的脚步)”可知，克雷格加入这个项目的原因是他母亲的影响。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Beth, 28, and Craig, 32, had only met Mark a few times before he moved in with them, as part of a project called Shared Lives.(28岁的贝丝和32岁的克雷格在马克搬到一起住之前只见过他们几次面，这是一个名为“共享生活”（Shared Lives）项目的一部分)”结合文章主要介绍了一个名为“共享生活”（Shared Lives）项目，主要为有需要的陌生人提供家庭服务。可知，A选项“共享生活”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·北京丰台·期末） When considering the members of my social network, I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth, affection and support. A handful, however, arouse quite different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and fear. In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Psychologists call them “ambivalent relationships”. According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful. They can damage your mental and physical health.     Knowing this, the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people. But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable.     To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories. Try it: pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale. When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favour, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships. Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties; low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships; both high indicate ambivalent connections — frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (怒斥) with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships, but research complicates this. Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. It also slowed their recovery after the task. In fact, even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind.     Furthermore, ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline. Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome (染色体) ends, prevent DNA damage during cell division. As we age, telomeres wear down, and, when they become too short, cells may start to malfunction or die. Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases.     The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family. Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 9．What does the underlined word “ambivalent” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Giving help or encouragement. B．Continuing or developing gradually. C．Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D．Happening sometimes and not at other times. 10．The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad’s scale to ______. A．measure the level of generosity in friendships B．predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C．show it’s difficult to break up with frenemies. D．compare the benefits of different connections 11．What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A．Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B．Frenemies don’t need to say a word to cause anxiety. C．Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D．High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship. 12．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Understanding and Managing Frenemies B．The Complexities of Human Relationships C．The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D．The Double-Edged Sword of Social Connections 【答案】9．C 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了作者对社交网络中一些关系复杂的个体感到既期待又害怕，引出“友敌”的概念，接着介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，表明矛盾关系的问题很难解决，最后分享了自己如何处理这些矛盾关系。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can exhaust all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies.(心情好的时候，这些人可以带来一个充满乐趣的夜晚，但在错误的时刻，他们会耗尽我所有的善意。如果这听起来很熟悉，那么你也有友敌)”可知，此处指对朋友的矛盾情感，ambivalent意为“矛盾的”，故选C。 10．推理判断题。第二段中“But our relationships with frenemies aren’t simple and ditching (摆脱) them isn’t always possible or even desirable.(但我们与友敌的关系并不简单，抛弃他们并不总是可能的，甚至也不可取)”提到有时候不可能抛弃友敌，甚至这样做不可取，第三段“To capture interpersonal dynamics, Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories.(为了捕捉人际动态，Julianne Holt-Lunstad和她在犹他州杨百翰大学的同事设计了一个量表，确定了四种关系类型)”以及下文具体介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，最后一段中“The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve, especially in work or family.(矛盾关系的问题很难解决，尤其是在工作或家庭中)”得出结论，所以作者使用Julianne Holt-Lunstad的量表是为了说明很难和友敌决裂，故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Holt-Lunstad’s team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing.(Holt-Lunstad的研究小组发现，当参与者准备演讲时，只要知道隔壁房间里有一种矛盾的联系，就足以让他们的血压飙升)”可知，友敌不需要说一句话就能引起焦虑，故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies.(如果这听起来很熟悉，那么你也有友敌)”和最后一段中“Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection, so that we could manage expectations, focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks, while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses. Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior — are there relationships in which I am the frenemy?(简单地意识到一段关系的矛盾本质可能会提供一些保护，这样我们就可以管理期望，更多地关注这些人的优点，对他们不愉快的性格感到同情，同时在他们造成压力时也试图减少接触。同样重要的是，这促使我思考自己的行为——在某些关系中，我是友敌吗？)”可知，文章讲述了作者对社交网络中一些关系复杂的个体感到既期待又害怕，引出“友敌”的概念，接着介绍了Julianne Holt-Lunstad和同事关于识别四种关系类型的研究，表明矛盾关系的问题很难解决，最后分享了自己如何处理这些矛盾关系，A项“理解和管理友敌”为最佳标题，故选A。 主题02 人与自我——语言学习与自我认知 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·广东·期末） If you’ve been learning English for a while, you may have noticed that native speakers often use idioms (习语) in conversations. But do you know how to learn idioms and why they are so important? This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. With this guide, you’ll understand what idioms are, why native speakers use them so much, and how to learn and use idioms in your own conversations. Idioms are a unique aspect of language that can sometimes be confusing for language learners. So, what exactly are idioms and why are they important? Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. They play an important role in understanding and communicating effectively. Learning idioms is important for several reasons. Firstly, idioms can help you sound more like a native speaker. Including idioms into your conversations will make your speech more natural and fluent. Secondly, idioms are a key part of cultural understanding. Many idioms are deeply rooted in a country’s culture, history, and by understanding and using idioms, you can learn more about the culture of the language you are learning. Lastly, idioms are often used in literature, movies, and songs, so having a good grasp of idiomatic expressions can improve your overall understanding and appreciation of English media. 1．What is the main purpose of this guide? A．To tell the history of English idioms. B．To give the reasons for using English idioms. C．To help learners effectively learn English idioms. D．To explain the historical origins of English idioms. 2．What does the text suggest about the use of idioms by native speakers? A．They avoid using idioms in daily conversations. B．They use idioms frequently without realizing it. C．They are aware of using idioms in every conversation. D．They often use idioms when teaching language learners. 3．What can we know about English idioms? A．They are short and easy to remember. B．They are often used in formal situations. C．They are confusing and difficult to learn. D．They can make conversations more interesting. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards learning idioms? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了英语习语在对话中的重要性、原因以及如何有效地学习习语。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“This guide will teach you how to learn English idioms effectively, so that you can make your conversations sound more natural. (本指南将教你如何有效地学习英语习语，这样你的对话听起来会更自然。)”可知，这篇指南的主要目的是帮助学习者有效地学习英语习语。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Native speakers of English use idioms all the time without even realizing it. (英语母语者一直在使用习语，甚至没有意识到这一点。)”可知，母语者在自己都没有意识到的情况下一直在使用习语；由此可知，文章表明母语人士经常在不知不觉中频繁使用习语。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative (比喻的) meaning that is different from the literal interpretation (字面解释) of the words used. They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. (习语是具有比喻意义的短语或表达，与所用单词的字面解释不同。它们是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式。)”可知，习语是为我们的对话增添幽默的一种方式；由此可知，英语习语可以使对话更有趣。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“They are a way to add color, humor and depth to our conversations. (它们是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式。)”和最后一段关键句“Learning idioms is important for several reasons. (学习习语很重要，原因有几个。)”可知，作者认为习语是为我们的对话增添色彩、幽默和深度的一种方式，并介绍了学习习语的原因，由此可知，作者对学习习语的态度是积极的、支持的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期末） When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.” “This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly. This not only helps students achieve their learning goals more effectively but also encourages a more interactive learning environment. Until 2020, 27 schools across 11 states have adopted Teach to One. Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs. Schools are often under pressure to follow a traditional curriculum (课程) with textbooks and teacher-led classes to ensure that they cover the content needed for standardized tests. Many worry that turning away from traditional practices could affect test results, which would then affect school rankings and the funding these schools receive. There is also the cost of purchasing the program, buying computers for students, adding math teachers, and reconstructing classrooms to meet the requirements of different teaching methods. The total costs involved with such programs can vary dramatically, with most school systems having to depend on grants (拨款) in order to cover them. “You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School. 5．The example of Nina Mones is mentioned in the first paragraph to ________. A．promote an app B．introduce the topic C．express an opinion D．show a difficult situation 6．What is the second paragraph mainly about?? A．How the program works. B．Why the program appeals to students. C．Why the program could change the role of school. D．How the program will help reduce students’ burdens. 7．What are some of the challenges schools face when adopting Teach to One 360? A．Teachers are eager to try new teaching methods. B．Schools have plenty of funding to support the program. C．Traditional textbooks and teacher-led classes are no longer required. D．Some teachers are unwilling to change and worry about job security. 8．What is Alfred Cordova’s attitude towards the future of personalized learning? A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Negative. D．Concerned. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是个性化学习系统Teach to One 360如何通过数据分析帮助学生提升成绩和自信心，例如12岁的Nina在使用该系统后从六年级的数学困难生转变为七年级时更加自信的学生。 5．推理判断题。根据首段“When 12-year-old Nina Mones was in sixth grade, she struggled to keep up with her math class. And as the teacher pushed ahead with new lessons, she fell further and further behind. Then in the fall of 2019, her school, the Phoenix International Academy, brought in Teach to One 360. “I’m in seventh grade now,” Nina proudly said. “It gave me more confidence in myself.”(当12岁的Nina Mones在六年级时，她在数学课上跟不上进度。随着老师继续教授新课程，她落得越来越远。然后在2019年秋天，她所在的凤凰国际学院引入了Teach to One 360。“我现在是七年级学生了，”Nina自豪地说，“它让我对自己有了更多的信心。”)”可知，12岁的Nina Mones通过使用Teach to One 360学习系统变得更加的自信。由此推知，通过Nina的经历引出了Teach to One 360个性化学习系统这一主题，展示了该系统如何帮助学生提升自信。故选B项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的““This is a model for personalized learning,” said Sheldon H. Jacobson, professor of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.(“这是一种个性化学习的模式，”伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校计算机科学教授谢尔登·H·雅各布森说)”可知，Teach to One 360是一个个性化学习的模式，结合下文“Teach to One 360, and similar systems, often use data analytics (分析) to follow students’ progress, find out their strengths and weaknesses, and adjust teaching methods accordingly.(Teach to One 360和类似的系统经常使用数据分析来跟踪学生的进步，找出他们的优势和劣势，并相应地调整教学方法)”可知，此处介绍了该系统如何使用数据分析跟踪学生的进度、发现他们的优势和劣势，并调整教学方法。由此可知，第二段主要介绍了这个学习系统的工作原理。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Still, getting schools to sign on to the program has been a challenge. Some teachers are unwilling to try new teaching methods, while others worry that these new forms of technology could perhaps lead to the elimination of their jobs.(不过，让学校加入这个项目一直是一个挑战。一些教师不愿意尝试新的教学方法，而另一些教师则担心这些新形式的技术可能会导致他们的工作被淘汰)”可知，一些教师不愿意尝试新的教学方法，并担心新技术可能导致他们失业。由此可知，学校采用Teach to One 360时面临的挑战是一些老师不愿意改变，担心工作保障。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据尾段中的““You can have the best program in the world, but if you don’t have good operation of it, it’s all for nothing,” said Alfred Cordova, the principal at Taos Middle School.(陶斯中学校长阿尔弗雷德·科尔多瓦（Alfred Cordova）说：“你可以拥有世界上最好的课程，但如果你没有很好的运作，一切都是徒劳。”)”可知，Alfred Cordova认为成功的个性化学习不仅依赖于先进的技术，还依赖于能否有效运行这些技术。由此推知，Alfred Cordova对个性化学习的未来持不确定的态度。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·天津南开·期末） Students have received realistic exposure to working advanced technology, said Gerald LeTendre, the Harry Lawrence Batschelet Ⅱ Chair of Educational Administration in the College of Education. “All of us are dealing with technology and Al in our daily lives. I think it’s helpful for the students to see what the true capabilities (能力) of the technology are.” In a recent study, the researchers put a social robot in a 10-week project-based learning unit in a class. While this was an exploratory study with no specific questions, the overall goal was to see what would happen when you actually put this robot into a real-life classroom setting. The class put no restriction (约束) on what the children could do and no team backed up the robot to make it perform better. The researchers made weekly visits to observe the students’ involvement with the robot. They also conducted focus-group interviews. Then they analyzed the data to determine how the students thought about the robots. The students were eager to learn about the robot at first. Despite having a human-like form, the robot’s inability to shake hands or even move around in open areas of the classroom negatively impacted the students’ views of the robot as a social being. The buzz wore off when they thought the robot failed to meet their expectations. However, those glitches (小故障) also turned out to be not without value. “The technical issues allowed students to explore workable approaches — that’s what we like in a project-based learning environment,” said Raisa Gray, a doctoral candidate. “Some of these glitches that students came across provided more of a way for them to overcome these issues.” Another downfall students noted was the lack of a personalized, human-like response to their conversation starters. To expand their usefulness, LeTendre recommended increasing access to programs like ChatGPT, an Al program that creates personalized content based on human instructions, which offers the possibility of significantly enhancing the communication capacity of social robots. Although current technology and the high price tag attached to social robots limit the ability of robots to be widely used in public school classrooms, skillfully designed programs using social robots have the possibility of engaging and inspiring students. In the right learning environment, students can take full advantage of learning about social robots. 9．What is the main focus of the study? A．To compare the costs of different advanced technologies in education. B．To determine the long-term impact of social robots on student learning. C．To evaluate the effectiveness of social robots in a classroom setting. D．To analyze the technical specifications of social robots. 10．What does the author mean by saying “The buzz wore off” in Paragraph 4? A．The initial excitement about the robot decreased. B．The students became bored with the robot. C．The robot stopped working properly. D．The students started to ignore the robot. 11．How does Raisa Gray consider the shortcomings of social robots? A．They slowed down students’ learning process. B．They contributed little to students’ social skills. C．They enhanced students’ teamwork significantly. D．They encouraged students’ creative problem-solving. 12．What is LeTendre’s suggestion for improving social robots? A．To decrease the cost of social robots. B．To increase access to advanced Al models. C．To limit the use of social robots in classrooms. D．To focus on the physical design of social robots. 13．What is the author’s attitude towards using social robots in classrooms? A．The author is skeptical about the value of social robots in education. B．The author thinks social robots are not suitable for public school classrooms. C．The author is neutral and only presenting the findings of the study. D．The author believes social robots should be used more widely. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社会机器人在教室环境中的效果评估。 9．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“While this was an exploratory study with no specific questions, the overall goal was to see what would happen when you actually put this robot into a real-life classroom setting. (虽然这是一项没有具体问题的探索性研究，但总体目标是观察当你真正将这个机器人放入现实课堂环境中时会发生什么)”可知，该研究的主要焦点是评估社交机器人在课堂环境中的有效性。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“The students were eager to learn about the robot at first. Despite having a human-like form, the robot’s inability to shake hands or even move around in open areas of the classroom negatively impacted the students’ views of the robot as a social being. The buzz wore off when they thought the robot failed to meet their expectations. (学生们一开始很渴望了解这个机器人。尽管它有着类似人类的形态，但机器人无法在教室里开阔的地方握手或移动，这对学生们将机器人视为社交存在的看法产生了负面影响。当他们认为机器人没有达到他们的期望时，The buzz wore off)”可知，他们认为机器人未能满足他们的期望时，这种热情就消退了。The buzz wore off意思是“这种对机器人的热情就消退了”，与选项A“The initial excitement about the robot decreased. (最初对机器人的兴奋减少了)”意思一致。故选A。 11．细节理解题。由文章第五段中““The technical issues allowed students to explore workable approaches — that’s what we like in a project-based learning environment,” said Raisa Gray, a doctoral candidate. “Some of these glitches that students came across provided more of a way for them to overcome these issues.” (“技术问题使学生们能够探索可行的方法——这正是我们在基于项目的学习环境中所喜欢的，”博士生Raisa Gray说。“学生们遇到的一些小故障为他们提供了更多克服这些问题的方法。”)”可知，Raisa Gray认为社交机器人的缺点鼓励学生创造性解决问题。故选D。 12．细节理解题。由文章第六段中“To expand their usefulness, LeTendre recommended increasing access to programs like ChatGPT, an Al program that creates personalized content based on human instructions, which offers the possibility of significantly enhancing the communication capacity of social robots. (为了扩大它们的有用性，LeTendre建议增加对ChatGPT等程序的访问权限，ChatGPT是一个基于人类指令创建个性化内容的人工智能程序，它有可能显著提高社交机器人的通信能力)”可知，LeTendre建议增加对先进AI模型的访问权限。故选B。 13．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Although current technology and the high price tag attached to social robots limit the ability of robots to be widely used in public school classrooms, skillfully designed programs using social robots have the possibility of engaging and inspiring students. In the right learning environment, students can take full advantage of learning about social robots. (尽管当前的技术和社会机器人高昂的价格限制了机器人在公立学校教室中广泛使用的能力，但巧妙设计的利用社交机器人的程序有可能吸引学生并激发他们的灵感。在正确的学习环境中，学生可以充分利用学习社交机器人的机会)”可推知，作者认为社交机器人应该在课堂上得到更广泛的使用。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——环境保护与可持续发展 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·四川成都·期末） Chameleons are some of the most fascinating reptiles on Earth. There are over 200 species of this highly specialized lizard and most have the unusual ability to change color at will. Native to Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia, some species live in desert habitats, while others are rainforest inhabitants. Along with many other lizards, larger chameleons have tails that are adapted for grasping trees. They also have rapidly extendable tongues to catch prey. Chameleons have two forward-facing toes and two back toes, a climbing adaptation they share with some bird and owl species. Still another unusual characteristic possessed by chameleons is their independently mobile eyes. This is a strong advantage in both hunting prey and spotting predators. Most attractively, of course, chameleons can change the color of their skin. You might think the only reason chameleons change color is to escape from predators by mixing easily with their surroundings, but you would be wrong. The many purposes for their shifting appearance are much more interesting and include mating, hunting, social interaction, and defense. While chameleons can run very fast and usually flee from predators successfully using only their speed, they still need to hide, sometimes using camouflage. This adaptation enables the animal to regulate its body temperature and display its mood, signaling its intentions to other chameleons. Changing to a darker color increases the animal’s body temperature, while taking on a lighter shade produces the opposite effect. Chameleons also darken themselves in reaction to fear and change into their brightest colors in a display of excitement. A red chameleon is excited; a green one is probably calm. Males change color more often, and females do it to signal their willingness to mate. Chameleons can exhibit a wide range of colors, allowing people who keep pal chameleons, as some claim, to easily read their pet’s mood. 1．What can be inferred about a chameleon’s habitat requirements? A．It requires plenty of fresh water. B．It requires a warm climate. C．It requires a dry environment. D．It requires cool temperatures. 2．Which of the following chameleon characteristics is NOT commonly shared with other bird, owl or lizard species? A．The ability to move their tongues rapidly. B．Toes that face different directions. C．Tails that can function like hands. D．Eyes that move independently. 3．What is the chameleon’s primary defense mechanism? A．Speed. B．Combat. C．Biting. D．Camouflage. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE about chameleons? A．Male chameleons change color only when they are ready to fight. B．Female chameleons change color to display their intention to mate. C．Chameleons can read owners’ mood and give reaction in different colors. D．Chameleons can’t regulate body temperature because they’re cold-blooded. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了变色龙的栖息地、生理特征、行为习性以及变色能力的多重用途。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“Native to Africa, southern Europe, and southern Asia, some species live in desert habitats, while others are rainforest inhabitants.(原产于非洲、南欧和南亚，有些物种生活在沙漠栖息地，而另一些则是雨林居民)”可推知，变色龙的栖息地分布广泛，但均位于气候温暖的地区（非洲、南欧、南亚）。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“They also have rapidly extendable tongues to catch prey. Chameleons have two forward-facing toes and two back toes, a climbing adaptation they share with some bird and owl species. Still another unusual characteristic possessed by chameleons is their independently mobile eyes.(它们也有快速伸展的舌头来捕捉猎物。变色龙有两个前朝向的脚趾和两个后朝向的脚趾，这是它们与一些鸟类和猫头鹰物种共同的攀爬适应能力。变色龙还有一个不寻常的特征是它们独立移动的眼睛。)”可知，变色龙有快速伸缩的舌头，与某些鸟类和猫头鹰共有的攀爬适应性和独立移动的眼睛可知，A、B、C项均与其他物种共有，而D项“独立移动的眼睛”是变色龙独有的特征（文中未提及其他动物具备）。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“While chameleons can run very fast and usually flee from predators successfully using only their speed, they still need to hide, sometimes using camouflage.(虽然变色龙可以跑得很快，通常只依靠速度就能成功逃离捕食者，但它们仍然需要隐藏起来，有时会使用伪装。)”可知，变色龙跑得很快，仅靠速度就能成功逃离捕食者，因此速度是其主要防御手段。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“A red chameleon is excited; a green one is probably calm. Males change color more often, and females do it to signal their willingness to mate.(红色的变色龙很兴奋；绿色的可能是平静的。雄性更频繁地改变颜色，雌性这样做是为了表明它们愿意交配。)”可知，雌性变色龙通过变色发出交配意愿的信号。A项“雄性仅在战斗时变色”与原文“Males change color more often（雄性更频繁变色）”矛盾；C项“能读懂主人情绪”是主观推测（as some claim）；D项“无法调节体温”与原文“Changing to a darker color increases body temperature（通过变色调节体温）”矛盾。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期末） For generations of children, going to the circus (马戏团) has been one of the greatest experiences of their young lives. Amazing performers and impressive animal shows used to be the standards of what makes a good circus show. But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows. One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. Circus Roncalli, which has been touring since 1976, banned the use of wild animals in its shows in the 1990s, long before others began to take similar steps. Since then, Roncalli has used only household horses, but recently decided to stop using any live animals altogether. “We decided to stop using animals for their benefit,” said Markus Strobl, the media director of Circus Roncalli, in a 2017 interview with RP Online. “Most of the performances in the show would already be done by the artists today. The focus of the Circus Roncalli is on poetic performances. The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.” Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. Circus Roncalli is undoubtedly a big step ahead of the game. In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here. 5．What led to stopping animal shows? A．Absence of wild animals. B．Concerns about the animals. C．Disagreements from performers. D．Views on good circus shows. 6．From Markus Strobl’s words, we know that the holographic show _________. A．presents images from all directions B．focuses on animal performances C．covers part of the circus field D．replaces actors completely 7．What’s the author’s attitude to the future circus with holographic shows? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Indifferent. D．Opposed. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Age of Animal Care B．The Fall of Traditional Circuses C．The Rise of Live Animal Shows D．Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍随着动物保护意识增强，很多国家禁止马戏团使用动物表演，德国Circus Roncalli马戏团采用全息表演替代动物表演，这或是马戏团的未来方向。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But with the rise of animal rights groups and growing awareness of the bitter lives that circus animals lead, more countries around the world have passed laws to ban (禁止) the use of animals in recent years. (但随着动物权利组织的兴起，以及人们越来越意识到马戏团动物的痛苦生活，近年来，世界上越来越多的国家通过了禁止在表演中使用动物的法律)”可知，人们对动物生活状况的关注导致了停止动物表演。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中Markus Strobl的话“The holographic projections are large enough to fill the entire circus field, measuring 105 feet wide and 16 feet deep, offering 360° visibility for the entire audience.(全息投影足够大，可以填满整个马戏团场地，宽105英尺，深16英尺，为全体观众提供360°的视野)”可知，全息表演提供360°的视野，能从各个方向呈现图像。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future.(多亏了现代科技，现在正是世界各地马戏团停止使用活体动物、拥抱未来的最佳时机)”和“In fact, their use of 3D holograms of animals — such as elephants, horses, and even goldfish-has already attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers, making it clear that the future of the circus is here.(事实上，他们使用动物的3D全息图——比如大象、马，甚至金鱼——已经吸引了成千上万的观众，这清楚地表明马戏团的未来就在这里)”可知，作者认为全息技术给世界各地马戏团带来机遇，它是马戏团的未来，所以作者对有全息表演的未来马戏团持支持态度。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“So far, a total of 26 countries have gone with the times by introducing bans on using animals in shows.(到目前为止，共有26个国家顺应时代潮流，出台了禁止在表演中使用动物的禁令)”可知，很多国家已经禁止马戏团使用动物表演；再结合第二段中“One German circus has found the next reasonable step and introduced a breathtaking holographic (全息影的) show that combines modern technology with the traditional circus atmosphere. (一家德国马戏团找到了下一步合理的做法，推出了一场令人惊叹的全息表演，将现代科技与传统马戏团氛围相结合)”以及最后一段中“Thanks to modern technology, it’s never been a better time for circuses around the world to end the use of live animals and embrace the future. (多亏了现代科技，现在正是世界各地马戏团停止使用活体动物、拥抱未来的最佳时机)”可知，全息表演是马戏团未来发展的方向。综合来看，文章重点强调了无动物的全息马戏团这一新兴形式。故D项“Animal-Free Circuses with Holograms(无动物的全息马戏团)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东威海·期末） A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. She can’t see her prey (猎物) that lives under the snow, but she can hear it. She smells the ground, jumps several feet straight into the air, and dives (潜入) into the snow, nose first. For a moment, her upside-down body is frozen in mid-air. Then she rights herself, her prey captured. Until spring arrives this arctic fox will rely on many cold-weather strategies to survive in the frozen tundra. Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. They are fast, running up to 30 miles per hour. And they are cute. The fox’s beautiful white coat acts as camouflage in the winter, while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. When it sleeps, it wraps its long, fluffy tail around its body like a blanket (毯子) and an extra layer of fur on its broad paws allows it to walk quietly on ice and snow. Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. Also, insects that are now surviving farther north are eating the plants in the tundra, which affects the fox’s habitat and limits the numbers and types of animals they can eat. 9．Which word can best explain the underlined “camouflage” in paragraph 2? A．Hiding. B．Attraction. C．A blanket. D．A tool. 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about Arctic foxes? A．Their appearance. B．Their cleverness. C．Their survival challenges. D．Their adaptation. 11．How does the climate change affect Arctic foxes’ survival? A．It forces foxes to seek food in human waste. B．It increases competition among fox species. C．It causes their fur to become darker in color. D．It leads to insects taking over foxes’ habitats. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Arctic Fox - King of the Arctic B．Arctic Fox - Cute but of Least Concern C．Arctic Fox - Small but Powerful D．Arctic Fox - Victim of Climate Change 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极地区坚强的幸存者北极狐。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“while its gray fur matches the tundra’s rocks and plants in the summer. (而在夏天，它的灰色皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配。)”可知，北极狐的皮毛与苔原上的岩石和植物相匹配为了隐藏自己，继而保护自己。因此冬天的皮毛变成白色即雪一样的样色，也是为了隐藏自己。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. Its thick fur is the best at keeping it warm, maintaining a comfortable body temperature of 40℃. It has excellent hearing and a sharp sense of smell that can sense a dead body left by a polar bear from as far as 24 miles away. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。它厚厚的皮毛最能保暖，保持40℃舒适的体温。它有极好的听觉和敏锐的嗅觉，可以在24英里外嗅到北极熊留下的尸体。)”可知本段主要讲述北极狐的适应性。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, in Norway, Sweden, and Finland its population is severely endangered, numbering less than 200. Climate change is thought to be the main cause. With warmer temperatures, there is less snow cover, so the arctic fox’s light-colored fur doesn’t help it match its surroundings as well. The larger red fox is outcompeting the arctic fox, because it has a more varied diet; the red fox can eat human waste it finds along mountain roads. (然而，在挪威、瑞典和芬兰，它的数量严重濒危，不到200只。气候变化被认为是主要原因。随着气温升高，积雪减少，所以北极狐的浅色皮毛也不能帮助它与周围环境相匹配。体型较大的红狐比北极狐更有竞争力，因为它的饮食更多样化；红狐可以吃在山路上发现的人类排泄物。)”可知，气候变化引起积雪减少，导致北极狐的浅色皮毛不能与周围环境相匹配，且红狐的饮食更加多样化，加剧了红狐与北极狐的竞争，由此可知，气候变化加剧了狐类之间的竞争。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A lone arctic fox walks slowly across a white, treeless tundra, hungry for a meal. (一只孤独的北极狐慢慢地走过一片白茫茫的苔原，饥肠辘辘。)”，第二段“Foxes are smart, storing extra food under rocks for later or following polar bears to eat the leftovers from their kill. (狐狸很聪明，它们会在岩石下储存额外的食物以备后用，或者跟着北极熊吃它们捕杀的剩菜。)”，第三段“Cuteness aside, the arctic fox is a hardy survivor, able to withstand extremely cold Arctic temperatures. (除了可爱之外，北极狐是一个坚强的幸存者，能够承受极冷的北极温度。)”及最后一段“In general, the arctic fox is considered a species of “least concern” around the coldest parts of the Arctic. (般来说，北极狐被认为是北极最寒冷地区“最不受关注”的物种。)”可知，本文主要讲述北极狐这个北极地区的坚强的幸存者，北极狐小巧可爱，但却能在艰苦的环境下，在狐类激烈的竞争下存活下来，因此北极狐是小而生命力强的物种。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $