专题04 阅读理解 （议论文）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南益阳市学·期末） In the modern era, mirrors often show physical images (形象) as well as the mental struggles of self-awareness, especially among teenagers. The glass surfaces, found in bedrooms and bathrooms around the world, have seen the silent battles that many young individuals face. Appearance anxiety has become a widespread issue, with social media and peer pressure acting as magnifying glasses (放大镜) that mislead them about their self-worth. Filtered (滤镜处理过的) photos posted on platforms like TikTok have created an environment where seeking perfection seems not just desirable but necessary. To make matters worse, the strong desire for the perfect appearance has led many teenagers to make unhealthy comparisons, often resulting in negative self-talks and more worries about their looks. The deep-rooted problem can affect mental health in particular. Studies have shown that teenagers who are overly concerned with their looks are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and low self-confidence. The pressure to be up to beauty standards is huge, and it often begins at a young age. The seemingly perfect images in magazines, on television and social media platforms create an unrealistic standard for teenagers to measure themselves against. Unfortunately, it can lead to a lasting state of dissatisfaction with their looks. To solve the problem, it is important to understand that beauty is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It varies from person to person. We ought to encourage teenagers to accept their unique features and to understand that their worth is not defined by their looks. Parents, educators, and society as a whole have a role to play in developing a more acceptable and positive view of beauty. We are also supposed to teach young people that the journey towards self-acceptance is just as important as acquiring great knowledge and developing other skills. 32. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “mirrors” in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To provide examples. C. To show his argument. D. To make comparisons. 33. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. Mental struggles of teenagers. B. Problems faced by teenagers. C. Causes of teenage appearance anxiety. D. Effects of social media on teenagers. 34. What is a result of teenage appearance anxiety according to the text? A. Teenagers are not satisfied with beauty standards. B. Teenagers are more likely to suffer mental problems. C. Teenagers are more likely to have poor physical health. D. Teenagers are not satisfied with social media platforms. 35. What does the writer try to do in the last paragraph? A. Call on parents to understand young people better. B. Encourage young people to acquire more knowledge. C. Inspire teenagers to develop as many skills as possible. D. Give advice on how to deal with teenage appearance anxiety. 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代青少年在镜子面前面临的自我认知挑战，尤其是外貌焦虑问题。 【解析】 32. 推理判断题。由第一段中“In the modern era, mirrors often show physical images (形象) as well as the mental struggles of self-awareness, especially among teenagers. The glass surfaces, found in bedrooms and bathrooms around the world, have seen the silent battles that many young individuals face. (在现代，镜子经常显示身体图像以及自我意识的心理斗争，尤其是在青少年中。世界各地卧室和浴室中的玻璃表面见证了许多年轻人面临的无声战斗)”和第二段中“Appearance anxiety has become a widespread issue, with social media and peer pressure acting as magnifying glasses (放大镜) that mislead them about their self-worth. (外表焦虑已经成为一个普遍的问题，社交媒体和同伴压力就像放大镜一样，误导了他们对自我价值的认识)”可知，提到镜子是为了引入话题，使读者关注青少年对外貌焦虑的问题。 故选A项。 33. 主旨大意题。由第二段“Appearance anxiety has become a widespread issue, with social media and peer pressure acting as magnifying glasses (放大镜) that mislead them about their self-worth. Filtered (滤镜处理过的) photos posted on platforms like TikTok have created an environment where seeking perfection seems not just desirable but necessary. To make matters worse, the strong desire for the perfect appearance has led many teenagers to make unhealthy comparisons, often resulting in negative self-talks and more worries about their looks. (外表焦虑已经成为一个普遍的问题，社交媒体和同伴压力就像放大镜一样，误导了他们对自我价值的认识。在TikTok等平台上发布的过滤照片创造了一个环境，在这个环境中，追求完美似乎不仅是可取的，而且是必要的。更糟糕的是，对完美外表的强烈渴望导致许多青少年进行不健康的比较，往往导致消极的自我对话和对自己外表的更多担忧)”可知，第二段主要讨论了导致青少年外貌焦虑的原因，包括社交媒体和同龄人压力等。故选C项。 34. 细节理解题。由第三段中“The deep-rooted problem can affect mental health in particular. Studies have shown that teenagers who are overly concerned with their looks are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and low self-confidence. (这个根深蒂固的问题尤其会影响心理健康。研究表明，过度关注自己外表的青少年更有可能经历焦虑、抑郁和低自信)”可知，青少年外貌焦虑可能导致的结果是心理问题，例如焦虑、抑郁和低自信心。故选B项。 35. 推理判断题。由最后一段中“We ought to encourage teenagers to accept their unique features and to understand that their worth is not defined by their looks. Parents, educators, and society as a whole have a role to play in developing a more acceptable and positive view of beauty. We are also supposed to teach young people that the journey towards self-acceptance is just as important as acquiring great knowledge and developing other skills. (我们应该鼓励青少年接受自己的独特之处，并明白他们的价值不是由外表决定的。家长、教育工作者和整个社会都可以在培养更可接受和积极的审美观方面发挥作用。我们也应该教育年轻人，走向自我接受的旅程与获得大量知识和发展其他技能同样重要)”可知，在最后一段作者试图给出如何应对青少年外貌焦虑的建议，包括青少年接受自己的独特之处、培养青少年的积极的审美观和让年轻人明白走向自我接受的旅程与获得大量知识和发展其他技能同样重要。故选D项。 Passage 2 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南岳阳市学·期末） Kids have always pushed limits and asked things harmful to them. While kids explore parents’ “edges” of limits, parents are really struggling to do theirs, making the family system unbalanced and affecting mental health. Actually, an important basic rule has been forgotten in their life: boundaries (边界). The cost of not being able to set boundaries with kids has never been higher than before. Decades ago, it might be a small thing like an extra cupcake or staying out late. Now, it’s about unlimited TikTok use or too many video games instead of real-world activities. Parents are facing a problem—not only a problem of phones and social media, but also a problem of Sturdy Leadership. Sturdy Leadership is a way for parents to be in charge where they set rules and still keep a close relationship with their children. They do this by validating their child’s feelings while holding firm on what is best for everyone. Imagine a father just told his 12-year-old daughter “no” when she asked to have a party too late and she is understandably-annoyed with him about not getting what she wants. In this moment, Sturdy Leadership could look something like this: “I get that you’re upset, I really do. But one of my main jobs is to make decisions that l think are good for you, even when you’re upset with me.” Boundary setting—early and often—is important. When the day comes that our kids ask for a phone or for Instagram, our approach will not be different from the common “media policy” we have as parents; our approach will simply be an extended way we’ve always talked to our kids about what they want and ask for. While our kids will never thank us for changing our rules, they will, years later, very much benefit from our sturdiness and acts of protection. 28. Why does the author mention the example of kids in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the article. B. To present the background of the article. C. To explain the writing style of the article. D. To state the reasons for writing the article. 29. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By stating facts. B. By listing causes. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 30. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “validating” in paragraph 3? A. Supporting. B. Recognizing. C. Ignoring. D. Challenging. 31. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A. To discuss the benefits of boundary setting. B. To call on parents to set boundaries for their children. C. To stress the negative effects of phones and social media. D. To explain the importance of setting “media policy” for kids. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在养育孩子的过程中设立边界的重要性，以及如何通过坚实的领导力来维护边界。 【解析】 28. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Kids have always pushed limits and asked things harmful to them. While kids explore parents’ “edges” of limits, parents are really struggling to do theirs, making the family system unbalanced and affecting mental health. Actually, an important basic rule has been forgotten in their life: boundaries (边界).(当孩子们在探索父母的“界限”时，父母在设立他们的界限时真的很挣扎，这使得家庭系统失衡，影响了心理健康。事实上，他们的生活中已经忘记了一个重要的基本规则：界限)”可知，作者在第一段中提到孩子的例子是为了介绍文章的主题：父母要给孩子设定界限。故选A。 29. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Decades ago, it might be a small thing like an extra cupcake or staying out late. Now, it’s about unlimited TikTok use or too many video games instead of real-world activities.(几十年前，这可能是一件小事，比如额外的蛋糕或晚归。现在，这是关于无限制使用抖音或玩太多电子游戏，而不是现实世界的活动)”可知，作者通过对比几十年前和现在孩子们提出的要求来阐述问题，以此方式展开第二段，故选D。 30. 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“Sturdy Leadership is a way for parents to be in charge where they set rules and still keep a close relationship with their children. They do this by validating their child’s feelings while holding firm on what is best for everyone.(坚强的领导是一种让父母掌握主动权的方式，他们在制定规则的同时，与孩子保持密切的关系。他们这样做是通过validating孩子的感受，同时坚守对所有人最好的事情)”可推测出，与孩子保持密切的关系，是对孩子感受的认可。所以“validating”一词意思接近于“recognizing(认可)”。故选B。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boundary setting — early and often — is important. When the day comes that our kids ask for a phone or for Instagram, our approach will not be different from the common “media policy” we have as parents; our approach will simply be an extended way we’ve always talked to our kids about what they want and ask for. While our kids will never thank us for changing our rules, they will, years later, very much benefit from our sturdiness and acts of protection.(尽早且经常地设定界限是很重要的。当有一天我们的孩子要求使用手机或照片墙时，我们的做法将与我们作为父母的常见“媒体政策”没有什么不同；我们的方法将简单地扩展我们一直与孩子们谈论他们想要什么和要求什么的方式。虽然我们的孩子永远不会感谢我们改变了我们的规则，但多年以后，他们会从我们的坚强和保护行为中受益匪浅)”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁家长为孩子设立界限。故选B。 Passage 3 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25高一上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal (与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable (易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on (坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 28. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 29. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 30. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 31. What can we learn from the last paragragh? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要叙述了最近的研究表明，使用社交媒体会对心理健康造成有害影响，包括抑郁、焦虑、自杀倾向和自残的比例增加，揭示了青少年使用社交媒体的现状和危害，呼吁人们采取行动加以应对。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据来增强用户内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上)”可知，成瘾饲料是指能够让人们上瘾的网络内容。故选B。 29. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents.(在引入成瘾饲料后的头七年里，10至14岁女孩的自杀率增加了一倍，所有青少年因自杀倾向和自杀未遂而住院的人数增加了近一倍)”和划线词所在句“Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic.(社交媒体没有对这个问题做出回应，而是付出了巨大的努力来保持和吸引用户的参与，结果是catastrophic。)”可知，社交媒体并未对于青少年的自杀现象做出回应，却努力保持、吸引客户，这个后果是灾难性的，划线词与destructive(破坏性的，毁灭性的)意思相近。故选A。 30. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets.(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据强化用户的内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上——极大地增加了年轻用户健康的风险，并使我们的孩子沉迷于这些社交媒体。)”可知，作者在第三段提出了“suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled”之类的数据，是为了提供证据支持关于社交媒体有害影响的论点。故选D。 31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse.(我们不会坐视社交媒体巨头之间的军备竞赛，看谁能最大限度地从我们孩子的痛苦和成瘾中获利。这就是为什么我们应该使用并且正在使用我们手边的一切工具来反击这些破坏性的做法：从法院到州议会。)”可知，该段呼吁采取一切手段，加强对社交媒体公司的控制，以保护年轻用户，避免其受到伤害。故选D。 Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南名校大联考·期末） As parents, we want our kids to be persistent (坚持不懈的) and rise to face any challenge. But when your kids are complaining that they hate basketball or saying that they don’t want to take dance anymore, should you force them to continue with the sport or activity? Vanessa Lapointe, a family educator, says that it’s OK for you to allow your kids to stop an activity, if it’s not right after a discouraging practice. “Even as adults, it’s hard for us to stick with something new- especially when we feel unsure, or not good enough,” she says. “It is harder for young children who don’t have life experience to understand how effort is exchanged for outcomes. That’s not to say that any time your kids don’t feel like doing something, you should let them off the hook. Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable. While they may not be the best at something at once, the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it. “Probably a little gentle encouragement to give it a fair go is suitable,” says Lapointe. She encourages parents to consider the kids’ personality and why the activity isn’t satisfying before giving up. Sometimes, we should clearly know whose dream it is anyway when pushing the kids to succeed. In the story Parent’s Dream, David Mario’s father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player. But later, Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer. Lapointe says that this often happens when parents put their own unrealized dreams onto their kids. “Young children do not yet have the ability to understand the exchange of time and effort for an outcome, especially those aged under 10,” says Mary Kickel, a Harvard-trained psychologist. “For them, it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy-filled, playful and interesting. Our job is to grow children who are hardy, not hardened.” 32. What does the underlined phrase “off the hook” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Offer help. B. Make a choice. C. Get out of difficulty. D. Face the challenge. 33. What does the story Parent’s Dream show? A. Kids’ success is due to their parents. B. Parents’ dreams on kids can do harm. C. Kids should carry on with their parents’ dreams. D. Kids’ dreams are as important as their parents’. 34. What does Kickel suggest parents do for the under-10s? A. Stay with them. B. Push them hard. C. Train them to be persistent. D. Let them join in fun activities. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. The Cost of Pushing Children Too Far. B. How Can a Parent Balance Freedom and Work? C. Should You Let Your Kid Stop an Activity? D. A Never- Ending Discussion of Children’s Interests. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C 【导语】本文属于议论文，讨论了当孩子不再喜欢某个活动时，家长是否应该强迫孩子继续坚持的问题，指出需要结合孩子的性格特点与活动的意义作出合理判断。 【解析】 32. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable. While they may not be the best at something at once, the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it.(孩子从不适中可以获益。尽管他们可能不是某件事中最好的，但通过学习或进步所带来的自信是值得的)”可知，孩子从不适中可以获益，所以这并不是说只要你的孩子不想做某事，你就应该让他们摆脱困境。所以“off the hook”意为“摆脱困境”。故选C。 33. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In the story Parent’s Dream, David Mario’s father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player. But later, Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer.(在《父母的梦想》这个故事中，David Mario的父亲让他接受无休止的训练，为的是让他成为一名职业足球运动员。但后来，Mario对包括足球在内的所有事情都不愿再尝试)”可推断，父母将自己的梦想强加到孩子身上会对孩子产生负面影响。故选B。 34. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For them, it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy-filled, playful and interesting.(对他们来说，应该是激发他们参与充满快乐、有趣的活动)”可知，Kickel建议父母鼓励10岁以下的孩子参加一些有趣的活动，而不是推得过于严厉或刻板。故选D。 35. 主旨大意题。文章讨论了当孩子不再喜欢某个活动时，家长是否应该强迫孩子继续坚持的问题，指出需要结合孩子的性格特点与活动的意义作出合理判断。所以短文的最佳标题为“你应该让孩子停止某项活动吗”。故填C。 Passage 5 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市雅礼中学·期末） Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize, which is world-famous for giving prizes to people who made progress in literature (文学), science, and—perhaps most importantly—peace. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things. The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the film industry to tell itself how good it is. It’s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits and the MTV awards for music. The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes controversy by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize! Awards are not only for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give the honor to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of money! Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens. Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place? 32. Which of the following award will the author recognize as honorable? A. The Nobel Prize B. The Turner Prize C. The Oscars D. World Footballer of the Year 33. Which of the follow statements does the writer may agree with? A. Only great people like Shakespeare should be awarded. B. Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it. C. Awards should be green to people with money problems. D. Organizations and companies should stay away from awards ceremonies. 34. What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. prizes B. losses C. agreements D. arguments 35. The writer believes the awards should be given to ______. A. praise the winners B. reward people with unusual talents C. improve marketing D. honor the real achievements 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在存在很多奖项和颁奖仪式，虽然奖项可以给予人们荣誉或帮助经济困难的人继续工作，但是现在的大部分奖项都是由大型组织或公司赞助的，其真正的荣誉和成就值得思考。 【解析】 32. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize (并非所有的奖项都像诺贝尔奖一样荣耀)”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖是荣耀的奖项。故选A项。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens. (为什么最近出现了这么多的奖项和颁奖仪式？莎士比亚从未获得过奖项，达芬奇、亚当·斯密或查尔斯·狄更斯也从未获得过。)”和第五段“Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. (现在大多数颁奖典礼都是由大型组织或公司赞助的。这意味着受益的不仅是获奖者，还有赞助商。)”可推知，作者认为不是所有的奖项都颁给了应得的人。B选项“Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it.(并不是所有的奖项和奖品都给了实至名归的人。)”符合题意。故选B项。 34. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes…by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize!( 特纳奖是授予一位英国艺术家的奖项，每年都会引起……，因为它会给那些做一些事情的艺术家大量的钱，比如展示他们的床，把动物放在玻璃柜里，或者今年建造一个花园小屋。人们开始怀疑这些作品是否值得获得巨额奖金！)”可知，因为特纳奖会给那些做一些事情的艺术家大量的钱，比如展示他们的床，把动物放在玻璃柜里，或者今年建造一个花园小屋。人们开始怀疑这些作品是否值得获得巨额奖金！由此可知，争划线词与D选项“arguments (争论)”为同义词。故选D项。 35. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place? (对许多人来说，这似乎是一个“双赢”的局面，每个人都很高兴，但让我问你一个问题——你认为宣传和营销在这里有多大的作用，又有多少真正的荣誉和成就正在发生？)”可知，作者认为奖项应该被授予真正的成就，而不是宣传和营销。故选D项。 Passage 6 人与社会——科学与技术 （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳市八中·期末） Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A. ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B. There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C. Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D. There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 33. How does ChatGPT write poems? A. ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B. ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C. ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D. ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 34. Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A. He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B. He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C. He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D. He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 35. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A. Acceptable and favorable B. Amazed and admiring C. Indifferent and uncaring D. Doubtful and uneasy 【答案】32. C 33. C 34. A 35. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从自身出发对人工智能创作诗歌这一热点问题进行探讨 【解析】 32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.(像ChatGPT这样的工具似乎已经准备好改变诗歌世界 —— 以及其他许多领域 —— 但诗人也有很多关于人工智能的知识可以教给我们。如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因是诗歌一直是一门算法生意。)”和第二段的“Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints.(即使是最叛逆的诗人也会遵循比他们愿意承认的更多的规则。当学生被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法的约束。)”可知，从第一、二段来看，作者认为人工智能能够写诗部分在于诗歌本身就具有类似算法规则的诗歌规则和结构。即诗歌指南为人工智能的诗歌写作提供了可能性。故选C。 33. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM).(它基于一种被称为大型语言模型(LLM)的新型人工智能。)”可得知，ChatGPT之所以能获得诗歌的规则，是得到了一个叫做大型语言模型的AI 的技术支持。故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段前半部分“When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything.( 当狄金森的一首私人诗让我们觉得诗人直接对我们说话时，我们正在体验一种被称为语言的技术的影响。诗是由纸和墨水构成的——或者，现在是由电和光构成的。没有人“在”狄金森的诗里，就像ChatGPT的一首诗一样。当然，狄金森的每首诗都反映了她创造意义的意图。当ChatGPT把单词放在一起时，它没有任何意图。)”可得知，作者将狄金森的诗歌和 AI 诗歌进行对比，认为两者诗歌虽然都不涉及他人，但前者诗歌有创造意义的意图，而后者没有这种意图而因此是无意义的；根据第四段后半部分“Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.(一些人认为，LLMs的作品因此没有意义，只有表面上的意义。如果我看到天空中有一朵云看起来像长颈鹿，我就会认为这是偶然的相似。同样，这种观点认为，我们应该把ChatGPT的文字仅仅看作是对真实语言的模仿，像云的形状一样毫无意义和随机。)”可得知作者认为 AI 诗歌是去模仿真正的语言，是无意义的、任意的，就如同自己将云看作长颈鹿一样是偶然相似。因此作者通过对比手法用狄金森引出AI 诗歌的无意义，后面用类比的手法用云描述AI 诗歌的无意义，因此推断作者提到狄金森和云是为了他用来形容 AI 诗歌的无意义。故选A。 35. 推理判断题。根据第五段“When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.(当我给朋友们看ChatGPT的十四行诗时，他们说这首诗“没有灵魂，贫瘠”。尽管遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，但这首诗是可以预测的。但是人类的一般十四行诗会更好吗?如果我们现在期望电脑不仅能写诗，而且能写出好诗，那么我们就设定了一个更高的标准。)”可知，作者认为 AI 诗歌尽管是没有灵魂的，贫瘠的，但是人类的诗歌也不会更好，如果我们想要更好的诗歌，我们可以设定更高的标准，因此推断作者认为AI诗歌是可接受，可欣赏的，虽称不上令人惊艳，但也算是达到人的一般水平。故选A。 Passage 7 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南长沙市德成学校·期末） “Your playful days are over,” my brother said to me when he knew I was going to be a Senior One student. Then he continued telling me that senior school life was boring because I had to do a large amount of homework every day. The subjects were much more difficult than those of junior school. I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart. However, I was surprised to find what I experienced there was completely different from what my brother had told me. The teachers gave excellent lessons in their own special way. They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博) and they not only explained the contents of textbooks but also provided extra information from other sources. Every word they said in classes made me so excited and interested that I had a strong desire to take in as much as I could. In fact, my playful days were not over at all in senior school. There were many kinds of activities I could take part in. For example, sports meetings, the art festival, English corner, outing and so on. Best of all, generally, students organized the activities rather than teachers. Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills. I've become mature (成熟的). I am not a kid any more. Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life”. 24. How did the writer feel when he started his senior high school? A. Very excited. B. A little worried. C. Quite relaxed. D. Embarrassed. 25. What was the writer's general impression of his teachers? A. Strict and organized. B. Modest and hardworking. C. Learned and easy going. D. Helpful and kind-hearted. 26. What has the writer learned by joining in different after-class activities? A. Reading and writing skills. B. The understanding of textbooks C. Leadership and social skills. D. Doing housework. 27. What can you learn from the last paragraph? A. His senior school life is the most memorable. B. Senior school life was boring and tiring. C. He will no longer believe in his brother. D. The writer did well in all his subjects. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议类文章。作者主要回忆他的高中生活。 【解析】 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段“I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart.”（带着紧张的心情我迈进校园。）可知，作者开始他的高中生活的时候有点紧张。故选B项。 25. 推理判断题。根据第三段“They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博)”（他们用自然公平的方式和我说话，好像我是个大人了。他们所有人都是如此学识渊博。）可知，作者对老师的总体看法是他们有学识、好相处。故选C项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills.”（在这个过程中，我提升了我的领导能力和交流技能。）可知，作者通过参加课外活动提升了他的领导能力和社交能力。故选C项。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life””（现在，如果有人问我，在你长大的过程中哪一部分印象最深刻。那么答案绝对是“高中生活”。）可知，作者的高中生活让他印象最深。故选A项。 Passage 8 人与自我——生活与学习 （23-24高一上·湖南株洲市十三中·期末） I’m in middle school, and not that good at reading. I am a little behind and hate the books we are made to read. But I want to get better at reading. I don’t like being the weakest reader in the class. I want to change. I know I need help when it comes to reading. I’m hopeful that I can overcome (克服) my weakness if I try to find some ways and work hard. So I go to the library every weekend. Last Saturday I went straight to the Young Adult section to search. There were hundreds of books to choose from. Finally, I saw a cover that was shiny, and it reflected (反射) the light and caught my eye. I saw that it was blue — I liked blue. So I picked it up and read the back. It sounded interesting, although it was the second book in the series, I got it. I read that book in two days, and found it was so attractive, so I read the whole series in a week. By judging (判断) a book by its cover, I was not only able to pick up a book that became one of my favourites, but I also didn’t have to pick up hundreds of books that I may not like. If I never judged a book by its cover, I might have never found that book in the first place. This advice is suitable for other things in life as well, especially when it comes to people. It’s not always exact, but by judging a person by their appearance — the way they dress, talk, and act — you can quickly see if you want to read their general condition by having a conversation with them. If you enjoy them like you enjoy a good book, then you can keep them in your inner circle — the people that you care about and who care about you. 24. Why does the writer visit the library? A. He is the weakest reader. B. He begins to like books. C. He needs to borrow a book. D. He hopes to improve his reading skills. 25. Which can best describe the writer in the text? A. Caring and helpful. B. Positive and hard-working. C. Adventurous and unique. D. Outgoing and admirable. 26. What part of the book attracted the writer at first? A. The back. B. The pictures. C. The cover. D. The introduction. 27. What does the writer probably agree with? A. What pains us trains us. B. Judging a book by its cover. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己在图书馆凭封面来判断并挑选一本书的经历告诉我们，有时以貌取人还是可取的。 24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I don’t like being the weakest reader in the class. I want to change. I know I need help when it comes to reading. I’m hopeful that I can overcome (克服) my weakness if I try to find some ways and work hard.(我不喜欢做班里阅读能力最差的人。我想改变。我知道我在阅读方面需要帮助。如果我想办法，努力工作，我有希望克服我的缺点)”可知，作者去图书馆，目的是想尽快改变自己。故选D项。 25. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“I’m hopeful that I can overcome (克服) my weakness if I try to find some ways and work hard.(如果我想办法，努力工作，我有希望克服我的缺点)”以及第二段第一句话“So I go to the library every weekend.(所以我每个周末都去图书馆)”可推知，作者是一个积极、勤奋的人。故选B项。 26. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Finally, I saw a cover that was shiny, and it reflected (反射) the light and caught my eye. I saw that it was blue — I liked blue. So I picked it up and read the back. It sounded interesting, although it was the second book in the series, I got it. I read that book in two days, and found it was so attractive, so I read the whole series in a week.(最后，我看到了一个闪闪发光的封面，它反射了光，引起了我的注意。我看到它是蓝色的——我喜欢蓝色。所以我把它捡起来，读了它的背面。听起来很有趣，虽然这是该系列的第二本书，但我得到了它。我在两天内读完了那本书，发现它非常吸引人，所以我在一周内读完了整个系列)”可知，书的封面一开始就吸引了作者。故选C项。 27. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“By judging (判断) a book by its cover, I was not only able to pick up a book that became one of my favourites, but I also didn’t have to pick up hundreds of books that I may not like. If I never judged a book by its cover, I might have never found that book in the first place.(通过从封面来判断一本书，我不仅能够挑选一本成为我最喜欢的书之一，而且我也不必挑选数百本我可能不喜欢的书。如果我从不以貌取人，我可能一开始就找不到那本书)”以及最后一段“This advice is suitable for other things in life as well, especially when it comes to people. It’s not always exact, but by judging a person by their appearance — the way they dress, talk, and act — you can quickly see if you want to read their general condition by having a conversation with them. If you enjoy them like you enjoy a good book, then you can keep them in your inner circle — the people that you care about and who care about you.(这条建议也适用于生活中的其他事情，尤其是涉及到人的时候。这并不总是准确的，但通过一个人的外表——他们的穿着、说话和行为——来判断一个人，你可以很快地通过与他们交谈来了解他们的大致情况。如果你像喜欢一本好书一样喜欢他们，那么你就可以把他们留在你的小圈子里——那些你关心的人和关心你的人)”可推知，作者觉得有时以貌取人还是可取的。故选B项。 Passage 9 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南长郡中学·期末） Several weeks ago, I pulled an old road map out of the glove box and passed it to my children. They had never seen the province of Ontario laid out like that before. They stared at the map, asking about all the towns, parks, and other landmarks we'd visited, and I pointed them out on the map. Google Maps and GPS are modern wonders that have gotten me out of many confusing places, but paper maps still have a role to play in our lives. Most of us adults learned to read them out of necessity, but it's up to us to pass on that skill to children whose need may not be so obvious, but who still stand to benefit from it. As Trevor Muir wrote in an article on this topic, "When kids learn how to create and use paper maps, they are doing more than just learning how to get around. They are actually developing fundamental skills that they will use for the rest of their lives. Map skills still belong in today's classroom. " As a child I had National Geographic maps taped to my bedroom walls. This aroused my curiosity and imagination about those places and thus made me eager to remember my geography and history lessons because they were tied to places I'd "seen". Even now as a mother of four, I've also spared time to travel to many of the countries whose maps I studied as a child. Additionally, in this fast-changing world, unexpected events can rapidly influence one's usual way of life. When GPS satellites or Internet connections are affected, this old-fashioned skill can get you out of a mess without requiring a smartphone. Last but not least, paper maps arouse "big picture" thinking, showing kids that there's a much bigger world out there and helping to direct them within it. So, now is a good time to pull out those dusty old maps and lay them on the kitchen table. 24. How did the children react when they were given the paper map? A. They showed great curiosity. B. They seemed totally confused. C. They considered it old-fashioned. D. They found it less convenient than GPS. 25. What might be the topic of the article written by Trevor Muir? A. The teaching focus in today's classroom. B. The situations where paper maps are used. C. The necessity of digital maps in the modem world. D. The benefit of developing paper map skills for kids. 26. Which of the following shows the author's opinion? A. Internet connections are very reliable today. B. GPS will sooner or later replace paper maps. C. Paper maps provide kids with a grand vision. D. Paper maps make people connected with each other. 27. What would be the best tide for the text? A. Time to Teach Kids to Read Paper Maps. B. How to Teach Kids about Different Kinds of Maps. C. Time to Encourage Kids to Step into a Bigger World. D. How to Teach Kids Fundamental Skills with Paper Maps. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，告诉我们应该教孩子们阅读纸质【解析】 地图，阅读纸质地图是一种技能，这个技能将使他们的余生受益。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段“They had never seen the province of Ontario laid out like that before. They stared at the map, asking about all the towns, parks, and other landmarks we'd visited, and I pointed them out on the map.”可知，他们以前从未见过安大略省是这样的布置。他们盯着地图，询问我们去过的所有城镇、公园和其他地标，我在地图上指给他们看。由此推知，孩子们拿到纸质地图后表现出极大的好奇心。故选A项。 25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“As Trevor Muir wrote in an article on this topic, "When kids learn how to create and use paper maps, they are doing more than just learning how to get around. They are actually developing fundamental skills that they will use for the rest of their lives.”可知，正如特雷弗·缪尔（trevormuir）在一篇关于这个话题的文章中所说，“当孩子们学习如何创建和使用纸质地图时，他们所做的不仅仅是学习如何去旅行。他们实际上是在发展他们将终生使用的基本技能。由此可知，Trevor Muir写这篇文章的主题可能是培养孩子阅读纸质地图的益处。故选D项。 26. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Last but not least, paper maps arouse “big picture” thinking, showing kids that there's a much bigger world out there and helping to direct them within it.” 可知，最后但并非最不重要的是，纸质地图能激发孩子们的“宏观”思考，向他们展示外面还有一个更大的世界，并帮助引导他们进入这个世界。由此可知，“纸质地图为孩子们提供了一个宏伟的愿景”是作者所认同的观点。故选C项。 27. 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容可知，作者通过自己的亲身经历，告诉我们应该教孩子们看纸质地图，阅读纸质地图是一种技能，这个技能将使他们的余生受益。根据最后一段“So, now is a good time to pull out those dusty old maps and lay them on the kitchen table.” 所以，现在是时候拿出那些满是灰尘的旧地图，放在厨房的桌子上了。可知，短文的最佳标题为“是时候教孩子们阅读纸质地图的时候了”。故选A项。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南益阳市学·期末） In the modern era, mirrors often show physical images (形象) as well as the mental struggles of self-awareness, especially among teenagers. The glass surfaces, found in bedrooms and bathrooms around the world, have seen the silent battles that many young individuals face. Appearance anxiety has become a widespread issue, with social media and peer pressure acting as magnifying glasses (放大镜) that mislead them about their self-worth. Filtered (滤镜处理过的) photos posted on platforms like TikTok have created an environment where seeking perfection seems not just desirable but necessary. To make matters worse, the strong desire for the perfect appearance has led many teenagers to make unhealthy comparisons, often resulting in negative self-talks and more worries about their looks. The deep-rooted problem can affect mental health in particular. Studies have shown that teenagers who are overly concerned with their looks are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and low self-confidence. The pressure to be up to beauty standards is huge, and it often begins at a young age. The seemingly perfect images in magazines, on television and social media platforms create an unrealistic standard for teenagers to measure themselves against. Unfortunately, it can lead to a lasting state of dissatisfaction with their looks. To solve the problem, it is important to understand that beauty is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It varies from person to person. We ought to encourage teenagers to accept their unique features and to understand that their worth is not defined by their looks. Parents, educators, and society as a whole have a role to play in developing a more acceptable and positive view of beauty. We are also supposed to teach young people that the journey towards self-acceptance is just as important as acquiring great knowledge and developing other skills. 32. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “mirrors” in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To provide examples. C. To show his argument. D. To make comparisons. 33. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. Mental struggles of teenagers. B. Problems faced by teenagers. C. Causes of teenage appearance anxiety. D. Effects of social media on teenagers. 34. What is a result of teenage appearance anxiety according to the text? A. Teenagers are not satisfied with beauty standards. B. Teenagers are more likely to suffer mental problems. C. Teenagers are more likely to have poor physical health. D. Teenagers are not satisfied with social media platforms. 35. What does the writer try to do in the last paragraph? A. Call on parents to understand young people better. B. Encourage young people to acquire more knowledge. C. Inspire teenagers to develop as many skills as possible. D. Give advice on how to deal with teenage appearance anxiety. Passage 2 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南岳阳市学·期末） Kids have always pushed limits and asked things harmful to them. While kids explore parents’ “edges” of limits, parents are really struggling to do theirs, making the family system unbalanced and affecting mental health. Actually, an important basic rule has been forgotten in their life: boundaries (边界). The cost of not being able to set boundaries with kids has never been higher than before. Decades ago, it might be a small thing like an extra cupcake or staying out late. Now, it’s about unlimited TikTok use or too many video games instead of real-world activities. Parents are facing a problem—not only a problem of phones and social media, but also a problem of Sturdy Leadership. Sturdy Leadership is a way for parents to be in charge where they set rules and still keep a close relationship with their children. They do this by validating their child’s feelings while holding firm on what is best for everyone. Imagine a father just told his 12-year-old daughter “no” when she asked to have a party too late and she is understandably-annoyed with him about not getting what she wants. In this moment, Sturdy Leadership could look something like this: “I get that you’re upset, I really do. But one of my main jobs is to make decisions that l think are good for you, even when you’re upset with me.” Boundary setting—early and often—is important. When the day comes that our kids ask for a phone or for Instagram, our approach will not be different from the common “media policy” we have as parents; our approach will simply be an extended way we’ve always talked to our kids about what they want and ask for. While our kids will never thank us for changing our rules, they will, years later, very much benefit from our sturdiness and acts of protection. 28. Why does the author mention the example of kids in paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the article. B. To present the background of the article. C. To explain the writing style of the article. D. To state the reasons for writing the article. 29. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By stating facts. B. By listing causes. C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons. 30. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “validating” in paragraph 3? A. Supporting. B. Recognizing. C. Ignoring. D. Challenging. 31. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A. To discuss the benefits of boundary setting. B. To call on parents to set boundaries for their children. C. To stress the negative effects of phones and social media. D. To explain the importance of setting “media policy” for kids. Passage 3 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25高一上·湖南长沙市一中·期末） Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal (与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable (易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on (坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 28. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 29. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 30. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 31. What can we learn from the last paragragh? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南名校大联考·期末） As parents, we want our kids to be persistent (坚持不懈的) and rise to face any challenge. But when your kids are complaining that they hate basketball or saying that they don’t want to take dance anymore, should you force them to continue with the sport or activity? Vanessa Lapointe, a family educator, says that it’s OK for you to allow your kids to stop an activity, if it’s not right after a discouraging practice. “Even as adults, it’s hard for us to stick with something new- especially when we feel unsure, or not good enough,” she says. “It is harder for young children who don’t have life experience to understand how effort is exchanged for outcomes. That’s not to say that any time your kids don’t feel like doing something, you should let them off the hook. Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable. While they may not be the best at something at once, the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it. “Probably a little gentle encouragement to give it a fair go is suitable,” says Lapointe. She encourages parents to consider the kids’ personality and why the activity isn’t satisfying before giving up. Sometimes, we should clearly know whose dream it is anyway when pushing the kids to succeed. In the story Parent’s Dream, David Mario’s father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player. But later, Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer. Lapointe says that this often happens when parents put their own unrealized dreams onto their kids. “Young children do not yet have the ability to understand the exchange of time and effort for an outcome, especially those aged under 10,” says Mary Kickel, a Harvard-trained psychologist. “For them, it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy-filled, playful and interesting. Our job is to grow children who are hardy, not hardened.” 32. What does the underlined phrase “off the hook” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Offer help. B. Make a choice. C. Get out of difficulty. D. Face the challenge. 33. What does the story Parent’s Dream show? A. Kids’ success is due to their parents. B. Parents’ dreams on kids can do harm. C. Kids should carry on with their parents’ dreams. D. Kids’ dreams are as important as their parents’. 34. What does Kickel suggest parents do for the under-10s? A. Stay with them. B. Push them hard. C. Train them to be persistent. D. Let them join in fun activities. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. The Cost of Pushing Children Too Far. B. How Can a Parent Balance Freedom and Work? C. Should You Let Your Kid Stop an Activity? D. A Never- Ending Discussion of Children’s Interests. Passage 5 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市雅礼中学·期末） Not all awards are as honorable as the Nobel Prize, which is world-famous for giving prizes to people who made progress in literature (文学), science, and—perhaps most importantly—peace. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things. The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the film industry to tell itself how good it is. It’s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits and the MTV awards for music. The Turner Prize is an award for a British artist—each year it causes controversy by giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed. People began to wonder whether these works were worth the huge prize! Awards are not only for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give the honor to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of money! Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens. Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored (赞助) by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. For many people, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity (宣传) and marketing are winning here, and how much real honor of achievement is taking place? 32. Which of the following award will the author recognize as honorable? A. The Nobel Prize B. The Turner Prize C. The Oscars D. World Footballer of the Year 33. Which of the follow statements does the writer may agree with? A. Only great people like Shakespeare should be awarded. B. Not all awards and prizes go to people who deserve it. C. Awards should be green to people with money problems. D. Organizations and companies should stay away from awards ceremonies. 34. What does the underlined word “controversy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. prizes B. losses C. agreements D. arguments 35. The writer believes the awards should be given to ______. A. praise the winners B. reward people with unusual talents C. improve marketing D. honor the real achievements Passage 6 人与社会——科学与技术 （23-24高一上·湖南衡阳市八中·期末） Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2? A. ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. B. There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. C. Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. D. There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. 33. How does ChatGPT write poems? A. ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. B. ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. C. ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. D. ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. 34. Why does the author mention Dickinson and cloud in paragraph 4? A. He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. B. He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. C. He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. D. He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. 35. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI poetry? A. Acceptable and favorable B. Amazed and admiring C. Indifferent and uncaring D. Doubtful and uneasy Passage 7 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南长沙市德成学校·期末） “Your playful days are over,” my brother said to me when he knew I was going to be a Senior One student. Then he continued telling me that senior school life was boring because I had to do a large amount of homework every day. The subjects were much more difficult than those of junior school. I stepped into the school gate with a nervous heart. However, I was surprised to find what I experienced there was completely different from what my brother had told me. The teachers gave excellent lessons in their own special way. They talked with me in a natural and fair way, as if I was an adult. All of them are so knowledgeable (学识渊博) and they not only explained the contents of textbooks but also provided extra information from other sources. Every word they said in classes made me so excited and interested that I had a strong desire to take in as much as I could. In fact, my playful days were not over at all in senior school. There were many kinds of activities I could take part in. For example, sports meetings, the art festival, English corner, outing and so on. Best of all, generally, students organized the activities rather than teachers. Through this process, I improved my leadership abilities and communication skills. I've become mature (成熟的). I am not a kid any more. Now if anyone asks me: “Through your process of growing up, which part is most impressive up till now?” Well, the answer will absolutely be my “senior high school life”. 24. How did the writer feel when he started his senior high school? A. Very excited. B. A little worried. C. Quite relaxed. D. Embarrassed. 25. What was the writer's general impression of his teachers? A. Strict and organized. B. Modest and hardworking. C. Learned and easy going. D. Helpful and kind-hearted. 26. What has the writer learned by joining in different after-class activities? A. Reading and writing skills. B. The understanding of textbooks C. Leadership and social skills. D. Doing housework. 27. What can you learn from the last paragraph? A. His senior school life is the most memorable. B. Senior school life was boring and tiring. C. He will no longer believe in his brother. D. The writer did well in all his subjects. Passage 8 人与自我——生活与学习 （23-24高一上·湖南株洲市十三中·期末） I’m in middle school, and not that good at reading. I am a little behind and hate the books we are made to read. But I want to get better at reading. I don’t like being the weakest reader in the class. I want to change. I know I need help when it comes to reading. I’m hopeful that I can overcome (克服) my weakness if I try to find some ways and work hard. So I go to the library every weekend. Last Saturday I went straight to the Young Adult section to search. There were hundreds of books to choose from. Finally, I saw a cover that was shiny, and it reflected (反射) the light and caught my eye. I saw that it was blue — I liked blue. So I picked it up and read the back. It sounded interesting, although it was the second book in the series, I got it. I read that book in two days, and found it was so attractive, so I read the whole series in a week. By judging (判断) a book by its cover, I was not only able to pick up a book that became one of my favourites, but I also didn’t have to pick up hundreds of books that I may not like. If I never judged a book by its cover, I might have never found that book in the first place. This advice is suitable for other things in life as well, especially when it comes to people. It’s not always exact, but by judging a person by their appearance — the way they dress, talk, and act — you can quickly see if you want to read their general condition by having a conversation with them. If you enjoy them like you enjoy a good book, then you can keep them in your inner circle — the people that you care about and who care about you. 24. Why does the writer visit the library? A. He is the weakest reader. B. He begins to like books. C. He needs to borrow a book. D. He hopes to improve his reading skills. 25. Which can best describe the writer in the text? A. Caring and helpful. B. Positive and hard-working. C. Adventurous and unique. D. Outgoing and admirable. 26. What part of the book attracted the writer at first? A. The back. B. The pictures. C. The cover. D. The introduction. 27. What does the writer probably agree with? A. What pains us trains us. B. Judging a book by its cover. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. Hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst. Passage 9 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25高一上·湖南长郡中学·期末） Several weeks ago, I pulled an old road map out of the glove box and passed it to my children. They had never seen the province of Ontario laid out like that before. They stared at the map, asking about all the towns, parks, and other landmarks we'd visited, and I pointed them out on the map. Google Maps and GPS are modern wonders that have gotten me out of many confusing places, but paper maps still have a role to play in our lives. Most of us adults learned to read them out of necessity, but it's up to us to pass on that skill to children whose need may not be so obvious, but who still stand to benefit from it. As Trevor Muir wrote in an article on this topic, "When kids learn how to create and use paper maps, they are doing more than just learning how to get around. They are actually developing fundamental skills that they will use for the rest of their lives. Map skills still belong in today's classroom. " As a child I had National Geographic maps taped to my bedroom walls. This aroused my curiosity and imagination about those places and thus made me eager to remember my geography and history lessons because they were tied to places I'd "seen". Even now as a mother of four, I've also spared time to travel to many of the countries whose maps I studied as a child. Additionally, in this fast-changing world, unexpected events can rapidly influence one's usual way of life. When GPS satellites or Internet connections are affected, this old-fashioned skill can get you out of a mess without requiring a smartphone. Last but not least, paper maps arouse "big picture" thinking, showing kids that there's a much bigger world out there and helping to direct them within it. So, now is a good time to pull out those dusty old maps and lay them on the kitchen table. 24. How did the children react when they were given the paper map? A. They showed great curiosity. B. They seemed totally confused. C. They considered it old-fashioned. D. They found it less convenient than GPS. 25. What might be the topic of the article written by Trevor Muir? A. The teaching focus in today's classroom. B. The situations where paper maps are used. C. The necessity of digital maps in the modem world. D. The benefit of developing paper map skills for kids. 26. Which of the following shows the author's opinion? A. Internet connections are very reliable today. B. GPS will sooner or later replace paper maps. C. Paper maps provide kids with a grand vision. D. Paper maps make people connected with each other. 27. What would be the best tide for the text? A. Time to Teach Kids to Read Paper Maps. B. How to Teach Kids about Different Kinds of Maps. C. Time to Encourage Kids to Step into a Bigger World. D. How to Teach Kids Fundamental Skills with Paper Maps. 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $