专题03 阅读理解（说明文 ）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe. However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children's brains and causing the epidemic(流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental­health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. The efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations (联系). When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social­media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental­health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. Several analysis and systematic reviews concentrate on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital­technology use. As a psychologist studying children's and adolescents' mental health, I appreciate parents' frustration and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental­health struggles than ever before. But not enough services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence­based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 28．According to the text, what is presented in The Anxious Generation? A．Scary children's stories. B．Children's brain disorders. C．Game­changing digital technologies. D．A wrong cause for young people's mental illness. 29．What does “the same message” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Many countries do research on mental health. B．Well­being and social media are closely related. C．The young are faced with the mental­health crisis. D．Social media don't necessarily cause mental illness. 30．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 45? A．Mental struggles cannot be identified. B．Mental health remains a private issue. C．Psychological support is badly needed. D．Research can't support young people in crisis. 31．The text is intended to________． A．defend the use of social media B．save a generation in mental crisis C．recommend a potential best­seller D．look into the issue of mental health 【答案】 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了The Anxious Generation(《焦虑的一代》)一书，指出书中关于电子设备导致青少年心理疾病的观点缺乏科学支持，并探讨了社交媒体与心理健康的关系，强调需要基于科学的有效措施来应对青少年的心理危机。 【解析】 28．D。根据第一段中的“However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children's brains and causing the epidemic(流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.(然而，这本书一再暗示，数字技术正在重塑我们孩子的大脑，并导致心理疾病的流行，这是没有科学依据的。)”故选D。 29．D。第二段表达的中心意思是“they suggest not that social­media use predicts or causes depression”；第三段提到了“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­being and social media globally.”与第二段大意相同，即社交媒体与心理疾病之间无必然联系。因此“the same message”在第三段起到承上启下的作用，指的是选项D(社交媒体不必然导致心理疾病) 的内容。 30．C。文章最后一段指出“We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence­based solutions can offer.” 这明确表明了当前的危机状态以及对科学和基于证据的解决方案的迫切需求，从而暗示需要采取有效措施，因此选项C(急需提供心理支持)是正确理解。 31．B。文章以The Anxious Generation一书为导入，探讨社交媒体与青少年心理疾病之间是否存在必然联系，并在四、五段指出青少年当前心理的危机状态，目的是让大家关注到这个群体目前遇到的问题并提供帮助。因此选B。 Passage 2 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z­ers and Millennials visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and—as my 11­year­old would say—“aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It's also a great place to meet people. If you're both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests. And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z­ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately (故意地) choosing to pick up a piece of 15th­century technology instead. They like the fact that books are complete in themselves and require focused attention. There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok­fuelled craze (狂热) is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you've brought along. It is like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens—TV or cinema—are social. I did once, in a group of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”， during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and old­fashioned clothes. But still, I'd like to praise these young readers—for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. 32．What contributes to the young generation's preference for libraries? A．High technology. B．Pressure from parents. C．Favorable environment. D．Popularity of social media. 33．Why is the latest TikTok­fuelled craze mentioned? A．To introduce a popular culture. B．To highlight an old way of reading. C．To stress the importance of reading in silence. D．To show another cause for youngsters' reading enthusiasm. 34. Which is the writer's opinion about reading? A．Reading should be done silently. B．Reading should be enjoyed alone. C．Reading should be a way of parenting. D．Reading should be a way of socializing. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Benefits of library reading B．The young generation's shared interest C．The Gen Z’s way to bring new life to libraries D．Conflicted approaches to reading among teenagers 【答案】 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“美国年轻一代喜爱去图书馆”这一社会现象进行客观介绍、分析和说明，引用了调查结果，并分析了其原因和具体表现，旨在向读者解释和说明这一现象，而非讲述一个完整的故事。 【解析】 32． C。由文章第一段中“The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and—as my 11­year­old would say—‘aesthetic’．(年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘有美感’。)”可知，图书馆舒适的环境是年轻人喜欢图书馆的原因。故选C。 33． D。由文章第三段中“There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic(怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok­fuelled craze(狂热) is reading with strangers in bars.” 可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮是提前买票然后在酒吧里和陌生人一起阅读自己带去的书籍，看似与过去图书馆阅读一样，但是昂贵，有一种怀旧的角色扮演感；因此TikTok­fuelled craze在这里被提及是举例说明年轻人阅读是在追求怀旧感，而追求怀旧感是千禧一代读书热的原因之一。故选D。 34． B。由文章第四段中“To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens—TV or cinema—are social. (对我来说，阅读是一种私人乐趣，而屏幕——电视或电影——是社交的。)”可知，从第四段可以了解到作者认为阅读是一种个人享受的方式。故选B。 35． C。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z­ers and Millennials visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents.” 和最后一段“But still, I'd like to praise these young readers—for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library.”可知，文章主要介绍了美国一项调查发现Z世代和千禧一代更喜欢去图书馆，文章分析了他们喜欢去图书馆的原因和新的读书方式，作者认为Z世代给图书馆带来了新的生命。由此可知，选项C能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 3 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南郴州市·期末） For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. There are two main differences between a private school and a state school. The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. However, most parents believe that the investment in a private education is worth it for the quality of education and opportunities it provides. Many public schools, such as Harrow and Eton, have a long history of providing a world-class education and have produced many famous graduates. They offer a wide range of after-school activities and facilities that are often not available in state schools. The other difference is that private schools in this country don’t have to follow the national courses governed by the state or even take the state examinations. Thus, they enjoy a much greater degree of freedom in designing their courses. This allows private schools to offer a more specialized and individualized education, adapting their teaching to the requirements and capabilities of every student. Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. 24. What can we know about public schools in Britain? A. They are free of charge. B. They are funded by the state. C. They are run by the government. D. They are managed by the board of trustees. 25. What is a major consideration for parents when choosing schools? A. The cost. B. The size. C. The location. D. The resources. 26. What’s the author’s attitude towards the different types of schools? A. Unclear. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Choosing Schools B. The Education System of Britain C. Famous Schools in the UK D. The State Schools and Private Schools 【答案】 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面。 【解析】 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. (在英国，公立学校由政府或地方教育当局维持和资助，而私立学校，也称为public schools，主要由一些董事会管理)”可知public schools，也就是私立学校主要由一些董事会管理，故选D。 25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. (最重要的一点是，父母必须付费才能把孩子送到私立学校，而公立学校是免费的。这种经济负担可能是家长在两种类型的学校之间进行选择时的主要考虑因素)”可知家长选择学校时主要考虑的是费用，故选A。 26. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. (尽管私立学校和公立学校之间存在差异，但这两类教育机构在提供优质教育和塑造国家青年的未来方面都具有重要意义)”可知，作者客观地介绍了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面，没有表现出明显的主观倾向或对某一种学校的偏好或贬低，所以作者的态度是客观的，故选B。 27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. (对于许多英国父母来说，他们最关心的是他们的孩子能接受良好的教育。英国的教育体系世界闻名。凭借悠久的学术卓越历史和培养最优秀人才的声誉，它吸引了成千上万的海外学生到许多不同的地方接受教育，包括公立学校和私立学校)” 可知文章主要讲述了英国公立学校和私立学校的区别，包括资金来源、收费情况、课程设置等方面。所以D选项“公立学校和私立学校”符合文章主旨，故选D。 Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南 ·期末） As a teenager, having problems with your parents is completely normal. These problems may result from communication breakdowns, a lack of understanding, or moments when you feel your parents are being unfair. Remember, improving your relationship with your parents i a process that requires time, effort, and patience from both sides. One of the most important steps in this process is showing respect. All parents desire respect from their children, 25 it is necessary to the parent-child bond. It my not always be easy to respect your parents, especially when you believe you have a better understanding of a situation. However, it’s important to admit their wisdom and experience. Sometimes parents may make mistakes even though they are adults. When your parents say something hurtful to you, forgive them without a second thought. When you feed a lot of anger towards your parents, step into their shores for a moment, and imagine how they feel. This can help you see eye to eye with them. Effective communication is key to any healthy relationship. At the center of every relationship are a few lines of communication, not one-way communication. Do voice your complaints (抱怨) to your parents. When you complain to your parents, you should keep calm and talk with them openly and kindly. In order to express yourself in a way that is easily acceptable, it is important to put your feelings into the form of “I” statements rather than “You” statements. And in order to make communication more efficient, it is important to figure out what you would like your parents to do clearly. You also need to tell them what you would like them to do differently, so make sure your request is something that is straightforward and reasonable. Once you get to know your parents, you’ll discover similarities between you and them, which will make it a much simpler task to improve your relationship! 28. What can we infer from the passage about the relationship between teenagers and parents? A. It is harmonious. B. It can’t be better. C. It is not an easy task. D. It is a one-sided effort. 29. Why do all parents desire respect from their children? A. Because they sometimes may make mistakes. B. Because it’s not easy for children to respect them. C. Because children have a better grasp of situations. D. Because it is important to the parent-child relationship. 30. How should children voice their complaints to their parents? A. Peacefully and frankly. B. Loudly but impolitely. C. Patiently and indirectly. D. Secretly and differently. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Ways to solve problems with parents. B. Differences between teenagers and parents. C. The importance of parents’ respect for teenagers. D. Reasons for problems between teenagers and parents. 【答案】 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，讲述了青少年与父母之间的关系可能会存在问题，改善这种关系需要双方付出时间、努力和耐心，并介绍了一些改善关系的方法，如尊重父母、原谅父母的错误、有效沟通以及发现彼此的相似之处等。 【解析】 28. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Remember, improving your relationship with your parents is a process that requires time, effort, and patience from both sides.(记住，改善你与父母的关系是一个需要双方付出时间、努力和耐心的过程)”可知，改善你与父母的关系是一个需要双方付出时间、努力和耐心的过程，可推理出青少年与父母之间的关系不是一件容易的事。故选C项。 29. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“All parents desire respect from their children, because it is necessary to the parent-child bond.(所有的父母都希望得到孩子的尊重，因为这对亲子关系很重要)”可知，父母希望得到孩子的尊重是因为这对亲子关系很重要。故选D项。 30. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“When you complain to your parents, you should keep calm and talk with them openly and kindly.(当你向父母抱怨时，你应该保持冷静，开诚布公、和蔼地与他们交谈)”可知，孩子向父母表达抱怨时应该平和且坦率。故选A项。 31. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As a teenager, having problems with your parents is completely normal.(作为一个青少年，与父母发生问题是完全正常的)”、第二段“All parents desire respect from their children, because it is necessary to the parent-child bond.(所有的父母都希望得到孩子的尊重，因为这对亲子关系很重要)”，第三段“When your parents say something hurtful to you, forgive them without a second thought.(当你的父母说了一些伤害你的话时，毫不犹豫地原谅他们)”，第四段“Effective communication is key to any healthy relationship.(有效的沟通是任何健康关系的关键)”以及最后一段“Once you get to know your parents, you’ll discover similarities between you and them, which will make it a much simpler task to improve your relationship!(一旦你开始了解你的父母，你会发现你和他们之间的相似之处，这会让改善你们的关系变得更加简单)”可知，文章第一段指出青少年与父母之间存在问题是正常的，后面几段分别介绍了尊重父母、原谅父母错误、有效沟通以及发现彼此相似之处等改善与父母关系的方法。可推理出这篇文章主要是讲述解决与父母之间问题的方法。故选A项。 Passage 5 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南郴州市·期末） The Academy Awards, which are more widely known as the Oscars, consist of a collection of awards aimed at honoring outstanding artistic and technical achievements within the film industry. These awards are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, an institution located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S. Winners of the Academy Awards are chosen from 24 categories including best picture, acting awards, directing, screenplays, technical aspects, and various film types. And they will receive a gold-plated statue commonly called Oscar. To be eligible for an Oscar award in a given year, a film generally must be publicly exhibited for paid admission for at least one week at a commercial theatre in Los Angeles between January 1 and December 31 midnight of that year. Exceptions to this rule include foreign-language films, which are submitted by their country of origin and need not have been shown in the United States. Documentaries and short films have different eligibility requirements and are officially submitted by their producers, whereas music awards require the musical artist to file a submission form. Only members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences can recommend and vote for Oscar candidates. The academy is divided into various branches of film production. For each award category, the candidates are selected by the members of the corresponding branch. That is to say, writers recommend writers, directors recommend directors, and so on. The entire academy membership recommends the candidates for best picture and votes to determine the winners in most of the categories. Aside from presenting international recognition and reputation, an Academy Award can play a vital role in the success of the major winners. For actors and directors, the award often results in higher salaries, increased media attention, and better film offers. 12. What can be learned about the Academy Awards from paragraph 1? A. They are set up for the television industry. B. Winners will receive a statue made of gold. C. They are made up of a collection of awards. D. The first awards were presented to an American. 13. What do the underlined words “be eligible for” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Amaze. B. Qualify. C. Influence. D. Recognize. 14. How are the candidates for each award selected according to the text? A. By a random selection. B. By public audience voting. C. By members of related branches. D. By the Academy’s president. 15. What can an Academy Award bring to the winners? A. Rights to produce any film. B. Success in future box office. C. Higher salaries in future work. D. More job opportunities in producing films. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了奥斯卡金像奖（Academy Awards），包括其设立目的、颁发机构、奖项类别、参选资格、候选人选拔方式以及获奖对得主的影响等内容。 【解析】 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Academy Awards, which are more widely known as the Oscars, consist of a collection of awards aimed at honoring outstanding artistic and technical achievements within the film industry.(奥斯卡金像奖（Academy Awards）更广为人知的名字是奥斯卡（Oscars），它由一系列旨在表彰电影行业杰出艺术和技术成就的奖项组成)”可知，奥斯卡金像奖是由一系列奖项组成的。故选C项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“To … an Oscar award in a given year, a film generally must be publicly exhibited for paid admission for at least one week at a commercial theatre in Los Angeles between January 1 and December 31 midnight of that year. Exceptions to this rule include foreign-language films, which are submitted by their country of origin and need not have been shown in the United States. Documentaries and short films have different eligibility requirements and are officially submitted by their producers, whereas music awards require the musical artist to file a submission form.(在特定年份……奥斯卡奖，一部电影通常必须在该年1月1日至12月31日午夜期间，在洛杉矶的商业影院公开放映至少一周。这项规则的例外情况包括外语片，它们由原产国提交，且不必在美国上映过。纪录片和短片有不同的资格要求，由它们的制作人正式提交，而音乐奖项则需要音乐艺术家提交申请表格)”内容，讲述了一部电影要获得奥斯卡奖需要满足的条件，如在洛杉矶的商业影院公开展映至少一周等，以及不同类型影片（外语片、纪录片、短片等）的特殊情况，可推理出“be eligible for”的意思是有资格，与“Qualify”意思相近。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For each award category, the candidates are selected by the members of the corresponding branch. That is to say, writers recommend writers, directors recommend directors, and so on.(对于每个奖项类别，候选人由相应部门的成员挑选。也就是说，编剧推荐编剧，导演推荐导演，等等)”可知，每个奖项的候选人是由相关部门的成员挑选的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For actors and directors, the award often results in higher salaries, increased media attention, and better film offers.(对于演员和导演来说，该奖项往往会带来更高的薪水、更多的媒体关注和更好的电影邀约)”可知，奥斯卡奖能给获奖者带来未来工作中更高的薪水。故选C项。 Passage 6 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南怀化市·期末） The holidays are a time when family and friends gather to enjoy each other’s company and — eat! It’s no surprise that maintaining a healthy weight can be more challenging during holidays than throughout the rest of the year. Does that mean we are sure to put on weight in January? A study published in The BMJ sought to find out. Researchers examined the effectiveness of a brief behavioral intervention (干预) to prevent weight gain over the Christmas holiday. They divided 227 adults into two groups. The intervention included three parts: encouraging participants to regularly weigh themselves and record their weight; providing specific weight-management ways; and providing information on how much physical activity would be needed to burn off the calories consumed in typical holiday foods and drinks. The control group received information on healthy eating. Results showed that the intervention group lost an average of 0.3 pounds, while the control group gained 0.8 pounds. This may not seem much, but research shows that weight gains are not fully lost in the months following the holidays. Although the yearly gain is small. It can add up to an increase 10 pounds over 10 years. There are certainly ways to prevent weight gain over holidays. Mark all the holiday events you’ll be attending on your calendar so that you’ll remember to plan ahead. If the meal is not at your home, eat lighter on the day of the event to balance the extra calories you may consume at the party. The workplace can be dangerous around the holidays. Holiday lunches and office parties can make it difficult for even the most health-conscious employee to make smart choices. If the team is going out for a special holiday lunch, choose lower-calorie items and go light on dinner that evening. Move holidays cookies and candies to a high-traffic area to spread them around. Start new traditions that don’t focus on food. For example, attend a holiday concert or show, or take a drive or walk to see holiday lights. Catch up with a friend over a yoga or dance class instead of meeting for a milk tea. Preventing weight gain over the holidays can be a challenge. But it is possible! 28. What can we infer about the study? A. It aims to test if people will gain weight over Christmas. B. The intervention done to participants is of some effect. C. All the participants have slightly put on weight. D. It is carried out by analyzing participants’ daily routine. 29. Which is a proper way to control weight gain during holidays? A. Stopping eating the day before the party. B. Giving up holiday tradition completely. C. Choosing cookies and candies as snacks. D. Trying to avoid high-calorie food. 30. What’s the author’s attitude towards preventing weight gain during holidays? A. Negative. B. Concerned. C. Positive. D. Critical. 31. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A news report. D. A diary entry. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于短暂干预行为对体重影响的研究，解释了研究开展的经过以及如何避免假期变胖，客观地介绍和解释了有效的干预方法和具体策略。 【解析】 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers examined the effectiveness of a brief behavioral intervention (干预) to prevent weight gain over the Christmas holiday.(研究人员检验了短暂行为干预在圣诞节期间防止体重增加的有效性)”以及第三段“Results showed that the intervention group lost an average of 0.3 pounds, while the control group gained 0.8 pounds. This may not seem much, but research shows that weight gains are not fully lost in the months following the holidays.(结果显示，干预组平均减重0.3磅，而对照组增重0.8磅。这可能看起来不多，但研究表明，在假期后的几个月里，体重增加并没有完全消失)”可知，研究中对参与者的干预是有一定效果的。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the team is going out for a special holiday lunch, choose lower-calorie items and go light on dinner that evening.(如果团队要出去吃一顿特别的节日午餐，选择低热量的食物，晚上的晚餐也要少吃)”可知，控制假期体重增加的正确方法是尽量避免高热量食物。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Preventing weight gain over the holidays can be a challenge. But it is possible!(在假期期间防止体重增加可能是一项挑战。但这是可能的！)”可知，作者认为虽然假期期间防止体重增加可能是一项挑战，有一定在难度，但是存在可能性；由此可知，作者对假期期间防止体重增加的态度是积极的。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The holidays are a time when family and friends gather to enjoy each other’s company and — eat! It’s no surprise that maintaining a healthy weight can be more challenging during holidays than throughout the rest of the year. Does that mean we are sure to put on weight in January?(节日是家人和朋友聚在一起享受彼此的陪伴和——吃！毫无疑问，在假期保持健康的体重比在一年中的其他时间更具有挑战性。这是否意味着我们一定会在一月份变胖？)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于短暂干预行为对体重影响的研究，解释了研究开展的经过以及如何避免假期变胖。由此可推测，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选B。 Passage 7 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南湘潭市·期末） Koalas are known for their furry ears, round faces, and big black noses. They spend most of their time sleeping in the treetops of eucalyptus (桉树) forests. Because they love staying high up and moving very little, it is hard to find these cute Australian animals. But a new method might make it easier. In areas where koalas, kangaroos, and other animals live, scientists are using a new way to find them. They capture DNA floating in the air using filters (过滤器) made of cheesecloth, a type of cloth often found in kitchens. These filters are placed between two metal plates. The scientists tested this method at 26 sites in four nature reserves in Queensland, Australia. At each site, they placed two filters - one about 1.5 meters above the ground with a fan to draw in air, and the other closer to the ground. After a few days, the researchers collected the filters and studied the material caught in them. They were happy to find koalas’ DNA as well as DNA from eleven other species that live in the area. Koala populations have dropped a lot in recent years because of wildfires and diseases. In 2022, the Australian government said that koalas are endangered in some parts of the country. To help protect them, scientists have used advanced tools like thermal imaging drones (无人驾驶飞机) and sound recorders to find koalas. The new method is cheaper and easier to use. “Some of the work in this study is really an important step,” said an ecologist. The experiment was done in an uncontrolled environment, where things like strong winds or rain could affect the results. “The fact that they were still able to have some success is really encouraging,” he said. 28. What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Measure. B. Create. C. Limit. D. Catch. 29. What is a major reason for the application of the new method? A. Koalas are in danger of dying out in America. B. Falls in the numbers of koalas worries authorities. C. There are few professionals to operate the device. D. Some advanced equipment is too expensive to use. 30. Which of the following describes the ecologist’s attitude to the study? A. Supportive. B. Uncertain. C. Doubtful. D. Disappointed. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To request the government to make a difference. B. To stress the influence of environmental problems. C. To introduce a new technique in protecting koalas. D. To make koalas’ living conditions known to more people. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在保护考拉方面使用的新技术，利用空气DNA检测技术寻找考拉的新方法，包括方法原理、实验过程。科学家们利用这种新技术来寻找考拉等动物，以帮助保护它们。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“In areas where koalas, kangaroos, and other animals live, scientists are using a new way to find them. (在考拉、袋鼠和其他动物生活的地区，科学家们正在使用一种新方法来寻找它们。)”可知，科学家们用过滤器来“捕捉”或收集空气中漂浮的DNA，由此可知，capture意为“捕捉”。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Koala populations have dropped a lot in recent years because of wildfires and diseases. In 2022, the Australian government said that koalas are endangered in some parts of the country. To help protect them, scientists have used advanced tools like thermal imaging drones (无人驾驶飞机) and sound recorders to find koalas. The new method is cheaper and easier to use.(近年来，由于野火和疾病，考拉的数量大幅下降。2022年，澳大利亚政府表示，考拉在该国一些地区已濒临灭绝。为了保护它们，科学家们使用了热成像无人机和录音机等先进工具来寻找考拉。这种新方法更便宜，更容易使用。)”可知，考拉的数量下降让当局感到担忧，所以科学家们采用了新的方法来寻找和保护考拉。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Some of the work in this study is really an important step,’ said an ecologist. The experiment was done in an uncontrolled environment, where things like strong winds or rain could affect the results. ‘The fact that they were still able to have some success is really encouraging,’ he said. (一位生态学家说：‘这项研究中的一些工作真的是一个重要步骤。’这个实验是在一个不受控制的环境中进行的，强风或降雨等因素可能会影响结果。‘他们仍然能够取得一些成功，这一事实确实令人鼓舞，’他说。)”可知，生态学家认为这项研究中的一些工作是一个重要的步骤，并且尽管实验环境不受控制，但取得了一些成功，这是令人鼓舞的，由此可知，生态学家对这项研究持支持态度。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种在保护考拉方面使用的新技术，科学家们利用这种新技术来寻找考拉等动物，以帮助保护它们，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种保护考拉的新技术。故选C。 Passage 8 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南湘潭市·期末） When you listen to people speaking a language you don’t understand, it might seem like the words are flying past your ears at lightning speed. But some languages really do seem to be spoken faster than others. Even if you know a little Spanish or Japanese, watching a TV show in those languages can be difficult! There’s a good reason for this — they are spoken faster! According to a 2019 study, speakers of these languages use more syllables (音节) per second. In these two languages, speakers use almost eight syllables per second. Researchers studied 17 different languages. They took 170 recordings of native speakers reading the same 20 texts translated into their language and compared the speeds. For example, Mandarin (普通话) was spoken at just over five syllables per second. But this doesn’t mean that conversations in Mandarin last much longer than those in Japanese. Researchers found that while languages are spoken at different speeds, the rate at which people communicate information is about the same. So how does that work? To understand more, the researchers looked at each syllable in the texts to see how much information each one carries. Some single-syllable words give us a lot of information; for example, the words “hope” or “love” in English. These words give us much more information than many single syllables that are just sounds or parts of words. Some languages are packed more densely (稠密地) with information, so speakers don’t need many syllables to communicate the same amount of information. The average Spanish syllable is not densely packed with information, so people speak faster, Mandarin, however, is densely packed with information, so it is spoken more slowly. This means that everyone finishes communicating at about the same time! 32. Why are Spanish and Japanese mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To state some languages are spoken quickly. B. To explain how they are developed. C. To prove why they are hard to learn. D. To stress they are popular with TV 33. Which part is focused on in the study? A. People’s identities. B. Language speeds. C. Content of the text D. Conversation time. 34. How did the researchers study the information rate in languages? A. By analyzing information on each syllable. B. By comparing sentence lengths. C. By measuring speaking speed. D. By counting words. 35. What do researchers find in the end? A. Mandarin uses more syllables than Japanese and Spanish B. People need less time and effort to understand Spanish. C. More-syllable words mean more and better information. D. People communicate information at similar rates in different languages. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了不同语言的语速差异以及信息传递速率的研究。尽管有些语言语速较快，但研究发现，不同语言传递信息的速率大致相同，这取决于每个音节所携带的信息量。通过引用研究数据，解释了不同语言说话速度差异的现象及其原因，分析了信息密度与说话速度的关系，重在说明语言学的科学原理。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But some languages really do seem to be spoken faster than others. Even if you know a little Spanish or Japanese, watching a TV show in those languages can be difficult! There’s a good reason for this — they are spoken faster! (但有些语言似乎确实比其他语言说得更快。即使你懂一点西班牙语或日语，用这些语言看电视节目也可能很困难！这是有充分理由的——他们说得更快！)”可知，第二段提到西班牙语和日语是为了说明有些语言说得很快。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They took 170 recordings of native speakers reading the same 20 texts translated into their language and compared the speeds. (他们录制了170段母语人士阅读翻译成他们语言的20篇相同文本的录音，并比较了速度。)”可知，研究的重点是语言速度。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“To understand more, the researchers looked at each syllable in the texts to see how much information each one carries. (为了了解更多，研究人员查看了文本中的每个音节，看看每个音节携带了多少信息。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析每个音节的信息来研究语言中的信息率的。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers found that while languages are spoken at different speeds, the rate at which people communicate information is about the same. (研究人员发现，虽然语言的语速不同，但人们交流信息的速度大致相同。)”可知，研究人员最终发现说不同语言的人以相似的速率传递信息。故选D。 Passage 9 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南永州市·期末） Parenting is a challenging job, and it can be overwhelming at times. However, with the rise of technology, parenting has become easier. Artificial Intelligence is changing the way parents raise their kids. AI is not just about robots taking over the world; it’s also about empowering parents to be better caregivers. With AI-powered tools and apps, parents can have an eye on their children’s behavior on the internet or while handling iPads. Additionally, educational toys like ChatGPT or Google Galaxy Kids can develop vocabulary and direction skills in children. Tools like Alexa email or Chatbot Moxie provide emotional support and emotional intelligence to kids. Choosing quality time over screen time with the help of these advanced tools ensures your child remains safe while enjoying the benefits of technology. AI can be helpful for parents by providing tailored (定制的) recommendations based on their child’s behavior and development, assisting in observing sleep patterns and tracking location, and offering real-time support through Chatbots. As a result, it saves time and aids in informed decision-making. Parental control apps help monitor what kids see online by using artificial intelligence(AI). These apps not only give advice on healthy screen time and detect (发现) possible online dangers, but also help parents make decisions to keep their children safe. Chatbots like ChatGPT and virtual assistants like Alexa offer emotional support and parenting tips in the digital age. By using AI tools, parenting has changed a lot, including fun activities like Galaxy Kids and bedtime routines with devices like Moxie. This makes the online world safer for kids and still allows families to spend good time together. 28. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To offer the details. B. To introduce the topic. C. To explain the approach. D. To describe the difficulties. 29. How can AI assist parents in raising their children? A. By keeping an eye on internet use. B. By giving kids online time. C. By teaching kids new vocabulary. D. By providing emotional education 31. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The origin of AI. B. The changes of AI. C. The development of AI. D. The advantages of AI. 32. What might the text discuss next? A. Risks of AI in parenting. B. Costs of AI in parenting. C. Choosing AI tools for parenting. D. Listing AI’s effects on parenting. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了在当今的数字世界里，人工智能技术是如何帮助家长养育孩子。 【解析】 28. 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, with the rise of technology, parenting has become easier. Artificial Intelligence is changing the way parents raise their kids. AI is not just about robots taking over the world; it’s also about empowering parents to be better caregivers. (然而，随着科技的兴起，育儿变得更容易了。人工智能正在改变父母养育孩子的方式。人工智能不仅仅是机器人接管世界；这也是为了让父母成为更好的照顾者)”可知，第一段提出了文章主题。故选B。 29. 推理判断题。根据第二段“With AI-powered tools and apps, parents can have an eye on their children’s behavior on the internet or while handling iPads.(有了人工智能工具和应用程序，父母可以关注孩子上网或使用ipad时的行为)”可知，人工智能可以帮助家长监测孩子的互联网使用情况。故选A。 30. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“AI can be helpful for parents by providing tailored recommendations based on their child’s behavior and development, assisting in observing sleep patterns and tracking location, and offering real-time support through Chatbots. As a result, it saves time and aids in informed decision-making. (AI可以通过根据孩子的行为和发展提供量身定制建议、协助观察睡眠模式和跟踪位置以及通过聊天机器人提供实时支持来为父母提供帮助。因此，它可以节省时间并有助于做出明智的决策)”可知本段主要解释了人工智能如何有助于育儿。故选D。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parental control apps help monitor what kids see online by using artificial intelligence(AI). These apps not only give advice on healthy screen time and detect possible online dangers, but also help parents make decisions to keep their children safe. Chatbots like ChatGPT and virtual assistants like Alexa offer emotional support and parenting tips in the digital age. By using AI tools, parenting has changed a lot, including fun activities like Galaxy Kids and bedtime routines with devices like Moxie. This makes the online world safer for kids and still allows families to spend good time together. (家长控制应用程序通过使用人工智能帮助监控孩子们在网上看到的内容。这些应用程序不仅提供关于健康屏幕时间的建议，检测可能的网络危险，还帮助父母做出决定，保证孩子的安全。ChatGPT等聊天机器人和Alexa等虚拟助手在数字时代提供情感支持和育儿技巧。通过使用人工智能工具，育儿方式发生了很大变化，包括像Galaxy Kids这样的有趣活动，以及像Moxie这样的设备的就寝时间。这使得网络世界对孩子们来说更安全，同时也让家人可以在一起度过美好的时光)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了人工智能在育儿中的多种应用，如家长控制应用程序、聊天机器人和虚拟助手等，推测接下来内容应该和与育儿相关的AI工具的选择有关。故选C。 Passage 10 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南张家界市·期末） Playing outside can do good to children in many ways. As little as 10 or 15 minutes can support physical and mental development. Generally speaking, children should aim to do 60 minutes of exercise per day. This could be running, climbing, skipping, jumping or kicking a ball at the park. Exercise helps children to stay fit and keep a healthy weight. It strengthens muscles and develops their balance. Exercise is also good for mental health. It gives off endorphins in their brains, which can make them feel happier. Studies have shown that playing outside can develop children’s motor skills: Gross motor skills are our ability to make large movements with our arms or legs. There are lots of ways to develop gross motor skills outside. For example, running around, walking on the roads which are not smooth or climbing hills. Fine motor skills are our ability to make smaller movements often with our hands. Children can develop these skills by picking up small objects. While playing outside, children can also build their vocabulary by naming the objects or animals they see around them. Ask your child to describe the view or find shapes in the clouds. Some children may find they’re happier to talk outside. With fewer people around watching or overhearing them, they can be more adventurous with their language. Moving through new and different places can improve children’s spatial awareness. Playing outside often means children have to use their imagination and communication skills. They are likely to have fewer toys outdoors and so have to create their own games. This can increase how much children talk to each other. So you should think about chances in your daily life for children to spend time outdoors. Explore your local area. Or set up some activities or a family sports day. 28. What does the second paragraph mainly focus on? A. When children need to do sports. B. How much exercise children get per day. C. What sports are suitable for children. D. Why exercise is important for children. 29. Which of the following is a fine motor skill? A. Taking weightlifting exercise. B. Picking up stones on the beach. C. Walking on the roads with care. D. Playing tennis on the playground. 30. Why do some children feel happy to talk outside? A. Because they have less stress from study. B. Because they like to take more adventures. C. Because they feel less watched or overheard. D. Because they love animals living in the wild. 31. Who is the text mainly written for? A. Parents. B. Children. C. Teachers. D. Researchers. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍在外面玩对孩子有很多好处。仅仅10到15分钟就可以支持身体和精神的发展。 【解析】 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Generally speaking, children should aim to do 60 minutes of exercise per day. This could be running, climbing, skipping, jumping or kicking a ball at the park. Exercise helps children to stay fit and keep a healthy weight. It strengthens muscles and develops their balance. Exercise is also good for mental health. It gives off endorphins in their brains, which can make them feel happier. (一般来说，孩子们每天应该运动60分钟。这可以是跑步、攀爬、跳绳、跳跃或在公园踢球。运动有助于孩子们保持健康，保持健康的体重。它能增强肌肉，发展肌肉平衡。锻炼对心理健康也有好处。它会在大脑中释放内啡肽，让人感觉更快乐)”可知，第二段主要介绍了为什么锻炼对孩子们重要，故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fine motor skills are our ability to make smaller movements often with our hands. Children can develop these skills by picking up small objects. (精细的运动技能是我们经常用手做小动作的能力。孩子们可以通过捡起小物件来发展这些技能)”可知，精细运动技能是我们经常用手做小动作的能力，孩子们可以通过捡起小物件来发展这些技能，由此可知，在沙滩上捡石头是精细运动。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some children may find they’re happier to talk outside. With fewer people around watching or overhearing them, they can be more adventurous with their language. (有些孩子可能会发现他们更喜欢在外面说话。周围的人少了，听他们说话的人也少了，他们可以更大胆地使用自己的语言)”可知，有些孩子喜欢在外面聊天是因为他们觉得没有那么多人监视或偷听。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“So you should think about chances in your daily life for children to spend time outdoors. Explore your local area. Or set up some activities or a family sports day. (所以你应该考虑在你的日常生活中让孩子花时间在户外的机会。探索你所在的地区。或者组织一些活动或家庭运动日)”中的“your daily life for children”可推知，本文是写给家长的。故选A。 Passage 11 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南张家界市·期末） Researchers in Shanghai are developing a robot “guide dog” that could help blind people. The robot is now being tested in Shanghai. The machine uses cameras and sensors (传感器) to sense its environment. It is able to recognize (辨认出) traffic lights which traditional guide dogs are unable to recognize. The robot can communicate by listening to and speaking with a blind person. The robot also uses artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize voices and plan ways to go from place to place. The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider than a real dog. It has six legs instead of four because the researchers say the extra legs enhance its safety, making its movements smoother. 41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are among the people with eye problems who are helping the Jiao Tong University team. They are testing the dog using Chinese-language instructions and providing their feedback (反馈) for the researchers to further develop the dog. Li is completely blind while Zhu has little eyesight. Li normally uses a walking stick to walk. He said, “If this robot guide dog comes onto the market and I could use it, at least it could solve some of my problems in traveling alone.” Robot guide dogs are also under development in Australia and Britain. But China needs a lot of traditional guide dogs. There are just over 400 guide dogs in China for nearly 20 million blind people. Many workplaces, restaurants and public areas do not welcome a usual guide dog like a Labrador. The supply of real dogs is limited (限制) by feeding and training needs. The production of robot guide dogs could be increased to an industrial level, especially in a center of making industry like China. The researchers think there could be a large market for robot dogs as there might be tens of millions of people in the world who need guide dogs. 32. What is one advantage of the robot guide dog according to the text? A. It can work at any time. B. It follows the traffic lights. C. It costs much less to keep. D. It can find the way more easily. 33. What does the underlined word “enhance” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Report. B. Record. C. Show. D. Increase. 34. Why are Li Fei and Zhu Sibin mentioned in the text? A. They prefer experiencing modern inventions. B. They’re experts in developing robot guide dogs. C. They play a part in improving robot guide dogs. D. They depend on real guide dogs for traveling around. 35. What is the future of robot guide dogs like according to the researchers? A. Worrying. B. Challenging. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeful. 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海研发机器人导盲犬的技术特点、测试情况和市场前景，重在说明科技产品及其应用。 【解析】 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“It is able to recognize (辨认出) traffic lights which traditional guide dogs are unable to recognize.(它能够识别传统导盲犬无法识别的交通信号灯。)”可知，与传统导盲犬相比，机器导盲犬的一个优点是它能识别交通信号灯。故选B项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“It has six legs instead of four”和下文的“making its movements smoother”可知，研究人员给机器导盲犬设计了六条腿而不是四条腿，肯定是为了增强其安全性。所以划线单词enhance的意义为“增强”，与increase意义一致。故选D项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are among the people with eye problems who are helping the Jiao Tong University team. They are testing the dog using Chinese-language instructions and providing their feedback for the researchers to further develop the dog.(41岁的李飞和42岁的朱思斌都有眼疾，他们正在帮助交通大学的队伍。他们正在用中文指令测试狗，并向研究人员提供他们的反馈，以便进一步发展狗。)”可知，文中提到李飞和朱思斌是因为他们在改进机器导盲犬方面发挥了作用。故选C项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“The researchers think there could be a large market for robot dogs as there might be tens of millions of people in the world who need guide dogs.(研究人员认为，机器狗可能有很大的市场，因为世界上可能有数千万人需要导盲犬。)”可知，机器人导盲犬的未来充满希望的。故选D项。 Passage 12 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children’s development many parents are led to believe. However, the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children’s brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental ­health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. The efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations (联系). When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social­ media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental­ health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. Several analysis and systematic reviews concentrate on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­-being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital­technology use. As a psychologist studying children’s and adolescents' mental health, I appreciate parents’ frustration and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental­ health struggles than ever before. But not enough services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence ­based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 28. According to the text, what is presented in The Anxious Generation? A. Scary children's stories. B. Children’s brain disorders. C. Game­changing digital technologies. D. A wrong cause for young people’s mental illness. 29. What does “the same message” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Many countries do research on mental health. B. Well-­being and social media are closely related. C. The young are faced with the mental ­health crisis. D. Social media don’t necessarily cause mental illness. 30. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 4 — 5? A. Mental struggles cannot be identified. B. Mental health remains a private issue. C. Psychological support is badly needed. D. Research can't support young people in crisis. 31. The text is intended to________． A. defend the use of social media B. save a generation in mental crisis C. recommend a potential best­-seller D. look into the issue of mental health 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《焦虑的一代》这本书的内容，作者认为该书提出的数字技术导致儿童大脑重构和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调，精神障碍的成因复杂，需要基于科学和证据的解决方案，而不是简单归咎于社交媒体。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children’s brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.(然而，书中反复提到数字技术正在重塑我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神疾病的流行，这一观点没有得到科学的支持。)”可知，《焦虑的一代》这本书提出了一个关于年轻人精神疾病的错误原因，即数字技术正在重塑我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神疾病的流行。故选D项。 29. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social­ media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental­ health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers.(随着时间的推移，他们发现社交媒体的使用并不是预测或导致抑郁症，而是已经有心理健康问题的年轻人比健康的同龄人更频繁地或以不同的方式使用这些平台。)”，第三段第一句“Several analysis and systematic reviews concentrate on the same message.(几项分析和系统综述都集中在同一个信息上。)”以及第二句“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­ being and social media globally.(一项在72个国家进行的分析显示，全球范围内幸福感和社交媒体之间没有可衡量的关联。)”可知全球范围内幸福感和社交媒体之间没有可衡量的关联，可得出“同样的信息”指的是社交媒体并不一定导致心理健康问题。故选D项。 30. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors.(精神障碍的开始和发展是由一系列复杂的遗传和环境因素驱动的。)”以及第五段第一句“More young people are talking openly about their mental ­health struggles than ever before.(比以往任何时候都多的年轻人公开谈论他们的心理健康问题。)”和第二句“But not enough services are available to address their needs.(但现有的服务不足以满足他们的需求。)”可知，越来越多的年轻人面临心理健康问题，但现有的服务不足以满足他们的需求，因此可以推断出他们急需心理支持。故选C项。 31. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“However, the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children’s brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental­ health crisis in young people. (然而，书中反复提出的数字技术正在重塑我们孩子的大脑并导致精神疾病流行的观点并未得到科学的支持。更糟糕的是，将社交媒体归咎于罪魁祸首的粗鲁提议可能会使我们无法有效应对当前年轻人心理健康危机的真正原因。)”可知，作者对于书籍中关于社交媒体对年轻人心理健康影响的观点持否定态度，认为这些观点缺乏科学依据且可能误导我们。接着，文章强调了当前年轻一代心理健康危机的严重性和对科学解决方案的需求。因此，可以推断出文章的目的是呼吁人们关注并解决年轻一代的心理健康危机，而不是为社交媒体辩护、推荐一本畅销书或研究心理健康问题本身。所以，选项B“拯救处于心理危机的一代”符合文章主旨。故选B项。 Passage 13 人与社会——社会、历史与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean? People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”. The earliest last names, or surnames (姓), were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a small river; someone called-Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added “-s” or “-son”. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added “Mac” or “Mc” or “O”. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. 28. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The history of family first names. B. The meaning of popular first names. C. The role of family traditions in choosing first names. D. The different ways parents choose their children’s first names. 29. Where did Donald Greenwood probably live? A. Close to a small river. B. Near a long, paved road. C. In or near a green, wooded area. D. In a village where people made tools. 3. What was the most likely occupation of the ancestors of the Potter family? A. Making kitchen tools. B. Making things with metals. C. Owning or driving a cart. D. Building houses and furniture. 31. What does the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph mean? A. Friends. B. Supporters. C. Coworkers. D. Later generations. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人名和姓氏的由来、含义以及选择方式。 28. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.(人们的名字是由他们的父母选择的。有时使用祖父母或其他家庭成员的名字。有些父母选择知名人士的名字。一个男孩可以叫乔治·华盛顿·史密斯；一个女孩可以叫海伦·凯勒·琼斯。有些人给他们的孩子取的名字意味着美好的东西。克拉拉的意思是“明亮的”；比阿特丽斯的意思是“给予幸福的人”；唐纳德的意思是“世界统治者”；莱纳德的意思是“像狮子一样勇敢”)”可知，这一段主要讲述父母选择名字的不同方式。故选D。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.(Greenwood一家住在一片茂密森林里或附近)”可推知，Donald Greenwood可能住在一片绿色的树木很多的地方。故选C。 30. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Potter — a person who made pots and pans.(Potter——制作锅碗瓢盆的人)”可知，Potter家族的祖先的职业很可能是制作厨房工具。故选A。 31. 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文“Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added “-s” or “-son”. (有些姓氏是在祖先的名字上加上一些东西而形成的。说英语的人加“-s”或“-son”)”和下文“the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert (Roberts家族的祖先是Robert)”可知，此处介绍有些姓氏是在祖先的名字的基础上演变而来的，举出加-s或-son的例子，Roberts这一姓氏是在祖先Robert后加-s。因此，Johnsons这一姓氏是在祖先John后加-son，由此可知，Johnsons是John的后代，descendants意思应该是“后代”，与later generations意思相近。故选D。 Passage 14 人与自然——环境保护 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified (量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 24. What did Sibert and Rubin find? A. The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B. The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C. The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D. The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 25. How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A. By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B. By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C. By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D. By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 26 According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A. Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B. The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C. Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D. Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Sharks: The Stories behind Them B. Sharks: The Marine Masters C. Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D. Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。 介绍了科学家关于鲨鱼大规模灭绝的研究发现，包括研究方法、数据结果和生态影响，重在说明科学研究和发现。 【解析】 24. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾发现大约1900万年前，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。因此，西伯特和鲁宾发现了大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降，D项“The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. (大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降)”符合题意。故选D项。 25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. (西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了一种利用鲨鱼皮和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小硬块的系统，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了利用了鲨鱼皮肤和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小、坚硬的碎片，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底，因此， C项“By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. (通过使用一种系统来研究鲨鱼自然掉落的碎片)”是西伯特和鲁宾进行他们的研究的方式，C项符合题意。故选C项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. (至于其他原因，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关。)”可知，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关，因此， A项“Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. (过度捕捞是鲨鱼多样性丧失的部分原因)”是正确的陈述，A项符合题意。故选A项。 27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。他们的发现表明，过去公海上的一些物种灭绝可能是神秘的。)”可知，本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。因此，本文最好的标题是D项“Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction (鲨鱼:神秘的灭绝)”符合题意。故选D项。 Passage 15 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） Plants are much more active than you might think. Even though they don’t look like they are moving, plants weave and jiggle. Sunflowers planted in a field do a complex “dance” that maximizes (使最大化) the amount of sunlight each plant gets and allows them all to grow better. Scientists from Tel Aviv University in Israel have discovered how sunflowers work together so that their leaves move out of the shadows of their neighbors. All plants move as they grow and reach up towards the light. However, researchers have found that random (随机的) movements of individual parts can unexpectedly lead to regular ordered patterns. In 2017, researchers at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina found out that when sunflowers are planted really close together, they naturally grow in a zigzag shape. This helps them avoid blocking each other’s sunlight, so each plant gets as much light as possible. Nature has many examples where randomly-acting individual parts create self-organized systems, such as honeybees that collectively build nests, or ants finding the shortest route to food. With the latest study on plants, instead of looking at fields of sunflowers, Professor Yasmine Meroz and her team grew them in a laboratory and filmed them to see if random movements could create the ordered patterns seen in plantation. The team believes that the looping (环状的) and jagged (锯齿状的) movements help the plants explore their surroundings and find a way that benefits their growth. “It’s somewhat like a crowded dance party, where individuals move around to create more space,” said Meroz. “If they move too much, they might get in the way of the other dancers, but if they move too little, the crowding problem won’t be solved, leaving one corner of the square overcrowded and the other empty.” The team hopes the research about sunflowers will give people a deeper understanding of how plants behave and will allow farmers to come up with new planting strategies in the future. 28. Why do sunflowers do a complex “dance”? A. To get equal sunlight. B. To work together with their neighbors. C. To remove their leaves from the shadows. D. To secure enough sunlight for better growth. 29. What did the research show in paragraph 2? A. Plants all move and reach up towards the light. B. Sunflowers planted close block each other’s sunlight. C. Random individual action may result in ordered pattern. D. Regular movements can unexpectedly form random systems. 30. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Plants move in a way to gain space. B. Plants explore a better way to grow through movements. C. The growth of plants can largely affect how they behave. D. The research can provide farmers with new planting strategies. 31. Which of the following can be the best title of the article? A. Sunflowers: teaming up to share sunlight. B. Plants: creating self-organized patterns. C. Irregular movements: creating ordered patterns. D. Clever nature: possessing intelligent creatures. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了向日葵通过合作来一起分享阳光。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sunflowers planted in a field do a complex “dance“ that maximizes (使最大化) the amount of sunlight each plant gets and allows them all to grow better. (种在地里的向日葵会做复杂的“舞蹈”，最大限度地提高每株植物获得的阳光量，使它们都能更好地生长)”可知，向日葵进行复杂的“舞蹈”是为了确保足够的阳光以改善增长。故选D。 29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, researchers have found that random (随机的) movements of individual parts can unexpectedly lead to regular ordered patterns.(但是，研究人员发现，个体的随机运动会出乎意料地导致常规的有序模式)”可知，第二段的研表明随机的单个行动可能导致有序模式。故选C。 30. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The team believes that the looping (环状的) and jagged (锯齿状的) movements help the plants explore their surroundings and find a way that benefits their growth(团队认为，环状的和锯齿状的运动有助于植物探索周围的环境，并找到一种使他们的成长有益的方法)”可知，植物通过运动探索更好的生长方法。故选B。 31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Sunflowers planted in a field do a complex “dance” that maximizes (使最大化) the amount of sunlight each plant gets and allows them all to grow better. Scientists from Tel Aviv University in Israel have discovered how sunflowers work together so that their leaves move out of the shadows of their neighbors.(种植在田野中的向日葵做一个复杂的“舞蹈”，使每种植物获得的阳光量最大化，并使它们都能更好地生长。来自以色列特拉维夫大学的科学家发现了向日葵如何一起工作，以使它们的叶子从邻居的阴影中移出。)”可知，文章主要讲述了向日葵通过合作来一起分享阳光。A项“向日葵：合作分享阳光。”适合作文章标题。故选A。 Passage 16 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal (与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable (易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on (坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 28. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 29. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 30. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要叙述了最近的研究表明，使用社交媒体会对心理健康造成有害影响，包括抑郁、焦虑、自杀倾向和自残的比例增加，揭示了青少年使用社交媒体的现状和危害，呼吁人们采取行动加以应对。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据来增强用户内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上)”可知，成瘾饲料是指能够让人们上瘾的网络内容。故选B。 29. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents.(在引入成瘾饲料后的头七年里，10至14岁女孩的自杀率增加了一倍，所有青少年因自杀倾向和自杀未遂而住院的人数增加了近一倍)”和划线词所在句“Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic.(社交媒体没有对这个问题做出回应，而是付出了巨大的努力来保持和吸引用户的参与，结果是catastrophic。)”可知，社交媒体并未对于青少年的自杀现象做出回应，却努力保持、吸引客户，这个后果是灾难性的，划线词与destructive(破坏性的，毁灭性的)意思相近。故选A。 30. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets.(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据强化用户的内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上——极大地增加了年轻用户健康的风险，并使我们的孩子沉迷于这些社交媒体。)”可知，作者在第三段提出了“suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled”之类的数据，是为了提供证据支持关于社交媒体有害影响的论点。故选D。 31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse.(我们不会坐视社交媒体巨头之间的军备竞赛，看谁能最大限度地从我们孩子的痛苦和成瘾中获利。这就是为什么我们应该使用并且正在使用我们手边的一切工具来反击这些破坏性的做法：从法院到州议会。)”可知，该段呼吁采取一切手段，加强对社交媒体公司的控制，以保护年轻用户，避免其受到伤害。故选D。 Passage 17 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） More scientists are exploring cellular senescence (细胞衰老) — a state in which cells no longer divide. Senescent cells, which build up in older bodies, have a link to age- related conditions such as dementia (痴呆). Scientists are exploring drugs that treat senescent cells. But the most promising tool against the bad effects of senescent cells, experts say, is exercise. Today, LeBrasseur, who directs a center on aging at Mayo, says exercise is the most promising tool that we have for good health in late life, and its power spreads to our cells. Research suggests exercise prevents the buildup of senescent cells, helping the immune system clear them and fight the cell damage that can affect aging. Last year, LeBrasseur led a study that provided the first sign in humans that exercise greatly affected senescence. It cut signs in the bloodstream of the effects of senescent cells in the body. After a 12-week exercise program, researchers found that older adults had cut signs of senescence and improved body strength, physical ability and reported health. A recent study collects even more facts in animals and humans for exercise as a treatment to fight against senescent cells. While such studies are not well-known outside scientific circles, many older adults connect exercise with youthfulness. Farmer Mike Gale, 81, put in a track and field throwing circle on his large farm in California. He and some of his friends throw the discus and use other exercise equipment. “I’d like to be competing in my 90s, ” Gale says. “Why not? ” 95-year-old Richard Soller says exercise keeps him fit enough to deal with what comes his way — including the discovery that his wife had developed dementia. The two sometimes walk the streets of their neighborhood together, holding hands. “Do as much as you can, ” he says. “That should be the goal for anyone to stay healthy. ” 32. Which of statements is true about LeBrasseur? A. He focused on the aging process. B. He firstly tested with humans. C. He found exercise could slow aging. D. He invented medicine to stop aging. 33. What can we infer about Farmer Mike Gale's attitude towards aging and exercise? A. He avoids exercise because he believes it is not helpful for older people. B. He feels that exercise is only useful for young people and not for older adults. C. He believes aging is unavoidable and there is little that can be done to stay healthy. D. He thinks exercise can help him stay youthful and is optimistic about competing in his 90s. 34. Why did the author tell the story of a 95-year-old man? A. To envy him for his happy life. B. To give an example of his point. C. To call on people to learn from him. D. To recommend exercise to the elderly. 35. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Exercise Is the Best Tool Against Aging. B. Aging Secret Has Been Found Out. C. Old People Can Also Live Actively. D. Aging Causes Serious Health Problems. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们正在探索细胞衰老这个问题。研究表明运动能有效对抗细胞衰老。 【解析】 32. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Research suggests exercise prevents the buildup of senescent cells, helping the immune system clear them and fight the cell damage that can affect aging.( 研究表明，锻炼可以防止衰老细胞的积累，帮助免疫系统清除它们，对抗可能影响衰老的细胞损伤。)”以及第四段“Last year, LeBrasseur led a study that provided the first sign in humans that exercise greatly affected senescence. It cut signs in the bloodstream of the effects of senescent cells in the body.( 去年，LeBrasseur领导的一项研究首次在人类身上提供了运动极大地影响衰老的迹象。它能消除血液中衰老细胞的影响。)”可知，LeBrasseur发现运动能影响细胞衰老，减少衰老细胞在体内的影响，即运动可以减缓衰老。故选C项。 33. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Farmer Mike Gale, 81, put in a track and field throwing circle on his large farm in California. He and some of his friends throw the discus and use other exercise equipment. “I'd like to be competing in my 90s, ” Gale says. “Why not? ”(81岁的农民迈克·盖尔在他加州的大农场里设置了一个田径投掷圈。他和他的一些朋友扔铁饼和使用其他运动器材。盖尔说：“我希望在90多岁的时候还能参加比赛。“为什么不呢？”)”可知，关于农民迈克·盖尔对衰老和锻炼的态度，我们可以推断出他认为运动可以帮助他保持年轻，并对90多岁参加比赛持乐观态度。故选D项。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“95-year-old Richard Soller says exercise keeps him fit enough to deal with what comes his way—including the discovery that his wife had developed dementia.( 95岁的理查德·索勒（Richard Soller）说，锻炼能让他保持足够的健康，以应对即将到来的一切——包括发现他的妻子患上了痴呆症。)”可知，文章主要观点是运动是对抗衰老的有效工具，作者讲述95岁理查德·索勒通过锻炼保持健康，能够应对妻子患痴呆等生活状况，是为了举例证明运动对抗衰老的作用，支持文章观点。故选B项。 35. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“But the most promising tool against the bad effects of senescent cells, experts say, is exercise.( 但专家说，对抗衰老细胞不良影响最有希望的工具是锻炼。)”可知，文章开篇指出细胞衰老与老年疾病有关，接着强调科学家探索对抗衰老细胞的方法，重点阐述运动是对抗衰老细胞不良影响最有前景的工具，还通过研究及具体事例说明运动对抗衰老的作用，A 选项“运动是对抗衰老的最佳工具”这个标题最适合这篇文章。故选A项。 Passage 18 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市长郡中学·期末） Money doesn’t grow on trees but gold does. Scientists in Western Australia claim (声称) to have made a new discovery - they have found gold in the leaves and branches of trees. The researchers believe that the trees take in the gold from deep underground, over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than digging deep holes to find gold, they will be able to examine tree leaves and branches. The trees show what is happening under the earth’s surface. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found by using a special X-ray machine and a powerful microscope, which scan the leaves and branches. It is claimed that this is the first time that gold particles (粒子) have been found in living material. However, this might not be true. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals (矿物质) underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals - and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits (矿床) of gold. Over the next 2,000 years, Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew, showing where minerals and precious stones such as jade, copper, lead, silver and gold were. More importantly, around the year 1000. Su Song, a Chinese scientist born in 1020, told about how Portulaca plants could produce mercury (汞) when they were crushed, dried and left to rot (腐烂). That was certainly the first time ever that a metal was obtained from a plant. The Previous Secrets of the Realm of the King of Xin, written during the Ming Dynasty, described how different metals were observed and extracted (提炼) from certain plants. This knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1600, when a British man realized that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese knowledge has more to teach modern scientists. 28. According to Australian scientists, where can gold be probably found? A. In the roots of trees. B. In the leaves of trees. C. In the trees everywhere. D. On the ground near trees. 29. How can we tell whether there is gold or not in the trees? A. By digging deep holes in the trees. B. By cutting the leaves of trees into pieces. C. By examining the surface of the ground under the trees. D. By scanning the leaves and branches with special scientific tools. 30. Who first found the connection between plants and minerals? A. Australian scientists. B. A modern scientist C. Ancient Chinese people. D. A British scientist. 31. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By listing figures. C. By making comparisons. D. By analyzing effects. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在澳大利亚西部发现树木枝叶中含有黄金的新发现，并探讨了这一发现的意义以及与此相关的古代中国的智慧和知识。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Western Australia claim (声称) to have made a new discovery - they have found gold in the leaves and branches of trees. (西澳大利亚的科学家宣称有了一项新发现——他们在树木的枝叶中发现了金子。)”可知，根据澳大利亚科学家的说法，金子可能在树木的叶子中被发现。故选B。 29. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The gold is found by using a special X-ray machine and a powerful microscope, which scan the leaves and branches. (人们是通过使用一种特殊的X光机和一台高倍显微镜来发现金子的，它们可以对树叶和树枝进行扫描检测。)”可知，我们可以通过用特殊的科学工具扫描树叶和树枝来判断树里是否有金子。故选D。 30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals (矿物质) underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals - and that was thousands of years ago. (中国古代的智慧就已经知晓植物与它们下方的宝石、矿物质之间的关联了。他们利用植物来寻找矿物质——而这是在数千年前就有的做法了。)”可知，古代中国人首先发现了植物和矿物质之间的联系。故选C。 31. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，第三段先是提出“However, this might not be true. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals (矿物质) underneath them. (然而，这或许并非事实。中国古代的智慧就已经知晓植物与它们下方的宝石、矿物质之间的关联了。)”这一观点，随后通过列举不同时期的例子来进行论证说明，比如提到在周朝时期，书中记载某种植物只生长在金矿矿床附近；又举例说明公元 1000 年左右，苏颂讲述马齿苋植物能产生汞的情况；还提到明朝时期《新王国内幕》中描述从某些植物中观察并提炼不同金属等内容，都是通过具体的事例来展开论述，以支撑古代中国人很早就发现植物与矿物质关联这一观点的。故选A。 Passage 19 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市雅礼中学·期末） A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests. Scientists found that middle-aged women who ate more foods packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants (抗氧化物) had “younger-looking” cells than those who had less healthy diets. They judged whether a cell was young by looking methyl (甲基) groups, on the surface of DNA. The pattern of these methyl groups changes as we age, which is believed to increase cellular aging. “Sugars are linked to worsened health and early disease possibly more than any other food factor.” co-author Elissa Epel, a professor at the University of California, said in a statement. Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diet. “Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables. The new study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between added sugar consumption and cellular aging, the authors said. The team calculated the participants’ ages by looking at the DNA methylation of cells with samples. These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run. 28. What can we learn from the study? A. A balanced diet is linked to people’s health. B. A low-sugar healthy diet may delay women’s aging. C. The sugary food has no effect on the women’s body. D. The added sugars slow down people’s biological aging. 29. Which of the following food may make cells age faster according to paragraph 3? A. Pure milk. B. Chinese cabbage. C. Birthday cakes. D. Fresh watermelons. 30. How did Epel and her colleagues conduct their study? A. By giving an example. B. By introducing a concept C. By making a comparison D. By raising some questions. 31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The study lacks further support. B. There are data errors in the study. C. People’s age can be changed by diet. D. Sugary diet affects health in the long run. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现减少添加糖的摄入有助于中年女性细胞“保持年轻”，说明低糖健康饮食对女性生物老化的影响。 【解析】 28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests.(一项新研究表明，营养丰富、添加糖少的饮食可能会减缓女性的生物衰老速度)”可知，研究表明，低糖且健康的饮食可能延缓女性的衰老。故选B项。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diet. “Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables. (在这项研究中，与其他人相比，摄入更多添加糖的女性表现出更快的细胞衰老迹象，即使她们吃了其他健康的饮食。“添加糖”是指在生产过程中添加到食品中的糖，如含糖饮料和烘焙食品中的糖分，而不是牛奶、水果和蔬菜中天然存在的糖分)”可知，添加糖的食物，例如生日蛋糕，会使得细胞衰老更快。故选C项。 30. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diet.(Epel和她的同事在三天内分析了342名女性的饮食记录。然后，研究小组根据每个女性的饮食与各种既定饮食的密切程度对其进行评分：虽然营养丰富的饮食与延缓衰老有关，但添加的糖似乎控制了这种影响。在这项研究中，与其他人相比，摄入更多添加糖的女性表现出更快的细胞衰老迹象，即使她们吃了其他健康的饮食)”可知，Epel和同事通过比较不同饮食与细胞老化之间的关系来进行研究。故选C项。 31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run.(这些数据显示了饮食与细胞衰老之间的联系，但它们只是冰山一角。事实上，需要更多的研究来评估长期遵循这些饮食会如何影响衰老)”可知，还需要进行更多的研究，由此推知，该研究缺乏进一步的支持。故选A项。 4 / 46 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe. However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children's brains and causing the epidemic(流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental­health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. The efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations (联系). When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social­media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental­health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. Several analysis and systematic reviews concentrate on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital­technology use. As a psychologist studying children's and adolescents' mental health, I appreciate parents' frustration and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental­health struggles than ever before. But not enough services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence­based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 28．According to the text, what is presented in The Anxious Generation? A．Scary children's stories. B．Children's brain disorders. C．Game­changing digital technologies. D．A wrong cause for young people's mental illness. 29．What does “the same message” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Many countries do research on mental health. B．Well­being and social media are closely related. C．The young are faced with the mental­health crisis. D．Social media don't necessarily cause mental illness. 30．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 45? A．Mental struggles cannot be identified. B．Mental health remains a private issue. C．Psychological support is badly needed. D．Research can't support young people in crisis. 31．The text is intended to________． A．defend the use of social media B．save a generation in mental crisis C．recommend a potential best­seller D．look into the issue of mental health Passage 2 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z­ers and Millennials visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and—as my 11­year­old would say—“aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It's also a great place to meet people. If you're both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests. And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z­ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately (故意地) choosing to pick up a piece of 15th­century technology instead. They like the fact that books are complete in themselves and require focused attention. There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok­fuelled craze (狂热) is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you've brought along. It is like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens—TV or cinema—are social. I did once, in a group of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”， during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and old­fashioned clothes. But still, I'd like to praise these young readers—for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. 32．What contributes to the young generation's preference for libraries? A．High technology. B．Pressure from parents. C．Favorable environment. D．Popularity of social media. 33．Why is the latest TikTok­fuelled craze mentioned? A．To introduce a popular culture. B．To highlight an old way of reading. C．To stress the importance of reading in silence. D．To show another cause for youngsters' reading enthusiasm. 34. Which is the writer's opinion about reading? A．Reading should be done silently. B．Reading should be enjoyed alone. C．Reading should be a way of parenting. D．Reading should be a way of socializing. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Benefits of library reading B．The young generation's shared interest C．The Gen Z’s way to bring new life to libraries D．Conflicted approaches to reading among teenagers Passage 3 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南郴州市·期末） For many British parents, what they care most is that their children can receive a good education. The education system of Britain is world-famous. With a long history of academic excellence and a reputation for producing some of the finest minds, it attracts thousands of students from overseas to be educated in many different places including state schools and private schools. In Britain, state schools are maintained and funded by the government or local education authorities while private schools, also called public schools, are mainly operated by some board of trustees. There are two main differences between a private school and a state school. The most important one is that parents must pay fees to send their children to a private school, while a state school is free of charge. This financial burden can be a major consideration for parents when choosing between the two types of schools. However, most parents believe that the investment in a private education is worth it for the quality of education and opportunities it provides. Many public schools, such as Harrow and Eton, have a long history of providing a world-class education and have produced many famous graduates. They offer a wide range of after-school activities and facilities that are often not available in state schools. The other difference is that private schools in this country don’t have to follow the national courses governed by the state or even take the state examinations. Thus, they enjoy a much greater degree of freedom in designing their courses. This allows private schools to offer a more specialized and individualized education, adapting their teaching to the requirements and capabilities of every student. Despite the differences between private schools and state schools, both educational establishments hold great significance in offering excellent education and shaping the future of the country’s youth. 24. What can we know about public schools in Britain? A. They are free of charge. B. They are funded by the state. C. They are run by the government. D. They are managed by the board of trustees. 25. What is a major consideration for parents when choosing schools? A. The cost. B. The size. C. The location. D. The resources. 26. What’s the author’s attitude towards the different types of schools? A. Unclear. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Choosing Schools B. The Education System of Britain C. Famous Schools in the UK D. The State Schools and Private Schools Passage 4 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南 ·期末） As a teenager, having problems with your parents is completely normal. These problems may result from communication breakdowns, a lack of understanding, or moments when you feel your parents are being unfair. Remember, improving your relationship with your parents i a process that requires time, effort, and patience from both sides. One of the most important steps in this process is showing respect. All parents desire respect from their children, 25 it is necessary to the parent-child bond. It my not always be easy to respect your parents, especially when you believe you have a better understanding of a situation. However, it’s important to admit their wisdom and experience. Sometimes parents may make mistakes even though they are adults. When your parents say something hurtful to you, forgive them without a second thought. When you feed a lot of anger towards your parents, step into their shores for a moment, and imagine how they feel. This can help you see eye to eye with them. Effective communication is key to any healthy relationship. At the center of every relationship are a few lines of communication, not one-way communication. Do voice your complaints (抱怨) to your parents. When you complain to your parents, you should keep calm and talk with them openly and kindly. In order to express yourself in a way that is easily acceptable, it is important to put your feelings into the form of “I” statements rather than “You” statements. And in order to make communication more efficient, it is important to figure out what you would like your parents to do clearly. You also need to tell them what you would like them to do differently, so make sure your request is something that is straightforward and reasonable. Once you get to know your parents, you’ll discover similarities between you and them, which will make it a much simpler task to improve your relationship! 28. What can we infer from the passage about the relationship between teenagers and parents? A. It is harmonious. B. It can’t be better. C. It is not an easy task. D. It is a one-sided effort. 29. Why do all parents desire respect from their children? A. Because they sometimes may make mistakes. B. Because it’s not easy for children to respect them. C. Because children have a better grasp of situations. D. Because it is important to the parent-child relationship. 30. How should children voice their complaints to their parents? A. Peacefully and frankly. B. Loudly but impolitely. C. Patiently and indirectly. D. Secretly and differently. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Ways to solve problems with parents. B. Differences between teenagers and parents. C. The importance of parents’ respect for teenagers. D. Reasons for problems between teenagers and parents. Passage 5 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南郴州市·期末） The Academy Awards, which are more widely known as the Oscars, consist of a collection of awards aimed at honoring outstanding artistic and technical achievements within the film industry. These awards are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, an institution located in Beverly Hills, California, U.S. Winners of the Academy Awards are chosen from 24 categories including best picture, acting awards, directing, screenplays, technical aspects, and various film types. And they will receive a gold-plated statue commonly called Oscar. To be eligible for an Oscar award in a given year, a film generally must be publicly exhibited for paid admission for at least one week at a commercial theatre in Los Angeles between January 1 and December 31 midnight of that year. Exceptions to this rule include foreign-language films, which are submitted by their country of origin and need not have been shown in the United States. Documentaries and short films have different eligibility requirements and are officially submitted by their producers, whereas music awards require the musical artist to file a submission form. Only members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences can recommend and vote for Oscar candidates. The academy is divided into various branches of film production. For each award category, the candidates are selected by the members of the corresponding branch. That is to say, writers recommend writers, directors recommend directors, and so on. The entire academy membership recommends the candidates for best picture and votes to determine the winners in most of the categories. Aside from presenting international recognition and reputation, an Academy Award can play a vital role in the success of the major winners. For actors and directors, the award often results in higher salaries, increased media attention, and better film offers. 12. What can be learned about the Academy Awards from paragraph 1? A. They are set up for the television industry. B. Winners will receive a statue made of gold. C. They are made up of a collection of awards. D. The first awards were presented to an American. 13. What do the underlined words “be eligible for” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Amaze. B. Qualify. C. Influence. D. Recognize. 14. How are the candidates for each award selected according to the text? A. By a random selection. B. By public audience voting. C. By members of related branches. D. By the Academy’s president. 15. What can an Academy Award bring to the winners? A. Rights to produce any film. B. Success in future box office. C. Higher salaries in future work. D. More job opportunities in producing films. Passage 6 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南怀化市·期末） The holidays are a time when family and friends gather to enjoy each other’s company and — eat! It’s no surprise that maintaining a healthy weight can be more challenging during holidays than throughout the rest of the year. Does that mean we are sure to put on weight in January? A study published in The BMJ sought to find out. Researchers examined the effectiveness of a brief behavioral intervention (干预) to prevent weight gain over the Christmas holiday. They divided 227 adults into two groups. The intervention included three parts: encouraging participants to regularly weigh themselves and record their weight; providing specific weight-management ways; and providing information on how much physical activity would be needed to burn off the calories consumed in typical holiday foods and drinks. The control group received information on healthy eating. Results showed that the intervention group lost an average of 0.3 pounds, while the control group gained 0.8 pounds. This may not seem much, but research shows that weight gains are not fully lost in the months following the holidays. Although the yearly gain is small. It can add up to an increase 10 pounds over 10 years. There are certainly ways to prevent weight gain over holidays. Mark all the holiday events you’ll be attending on your calendar so that you’ll remember to plan ahead. If the meal is not at your home, eat lighter on the day of the event to balance the extra calories you may consume at the party. The workplace can be dangerous around the holidays. Holiday lunches and office parties can make it difficult for even the most health-conscious employee to make smart choices. If the team is going out for a special holiday lunch, choose lower-calorie items and go light on dinner that evening. Move holidays cookies and candies to a high-traffic area to spread them around. Start new traditions that don’t focus on food. For example, attend a holiday concert or show, or take a drive or walk to see holiday lights. Catch up with a friend over a yoga or dance class instead of meeting for a milk tea. Preventing weight gain over the holidays can be a challenge. But it is possible! 28. What can we infer about the study? A. It aims to test if people will gain weight over Christmas. B. The intervention done to participants is of some effect. C. All the participants have slightly put on weight. D. It is carried out by analyzing participants’ daily routine. 29. Which is a proper way to control weight gain during holidays? A. Stopping eating the day before the party. B. Giving up holiday tradition completely. C. Choosing cookies and candies as snacks. D. Trying to avoid high-calorie food. 30. What’s the author’s attitude towards preventing weight gain during holidays? A. Negative. B. Concerned. C. Positive. D. Critical. 31. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A news report. D. A diary entry. Passage 7 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南湘潭市·期末） Koalas are known for their furry ears, round faces, and big black noses. They spend most of their time sleeping in the treetops of eucalyptus (桉树) forests. Because they love staying high up and moving very little, it is hard to find these cute Australian animals. But a new method might make it easier. In areas where koalas, kangaroos, and other animals live, scientists are using a new way to find them. They capture DNA floating in the air using filters (过滤器) made of cheesecloth, a type of cloth often found in kitchens. These filters are placed between two metal plates. The scientists tested this method at 26 sites in four nature reserves in Queensland, Australia. At each site, they placed two filters - one about 1.5 meters above the ground with a fan to draw in air, and the other closer to the ground. After a few days, the researchers collected the filters and studied the material caught in them. They were happy to find koalas’ DNA as well as DNA from eleven other species that live in the area. Koala populations have dropped a lot in recent years because of wildfires and diseases. In 2022, the Australian government said that koalas are endangered in some parts of the country. To help protect them, scientists have used advanced tools like thermal imaging drones (无人驾驶飞机) and sound recorders to find koalas. The new method is cheaper and easier to use. “Some of the work in this study is really an important step,” said an ecologist. The experiment was done in an uncontrolled environment, where things like strong winds or rain could affect the results. “The fact that they were still able to have some success is really encouraging,” he said. 28. What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Measure. B. Create. C. Limit. D. Catch. 29. What is a major reason for the application of the new method? A. Koalas are in danger of dying out in America. B. Falls in the numbers of koalas worries authorities. C. There are few professionals to operate the device. D. Some advanced equipment is too expensive to use. 30. Which of the following describes the ecologist’s attitude to the study? A. Supportive. B. Uncertain. C. Doubtful. D. Disappointed. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To request the government to make a difference. B. To stress the influence of environmental problems. C. To introduce a new technique in protecting koalas. D. To make koalas’ living conditions known to more people. Passage 8 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南湘潭市·期末） When you listen to people speaking a language you don’t understand, it might seem like the words are flying past your ears at lightning speed. But some languages really do seem to be spoken faster than others. Even if you know a little Spanish or Japanese, watching a TV show in those languages can be difficult! There’s a good reason for this — they are spoken faster! According to a 2019 study, speakers of these languages use more syllables (音节) per second. In these two languages, speakers use almost eight syllables per second. Researchers studied 17 different languages. They took 170 recordings of native speakers reading the same 20 texts translated into their language and compared the speeds. For example, Mandarin (普通话) was spoken at just over five syllables per second. But this doesn’t mean that conversations in Mandarin last much longer than those in Japanese. Researchers found that while languages are spoken at different speeds, the rate at which people communicate information is about the same. So how does that work? To understand more, the researchers looked at each syllable in the texts to see how much information each one carries. Some single-syllable words give us a lot of information; for example, the words “hope” or “love” in English. These words give us much more information than many single syllables that are just sounds or parts of words. Some languages are packed more densely (稠密地) with information, so speakers don’t need many syllables to communicate the same amount of information. The average Spanish syllable is not densely packed with information, so people speak faster, Mandarin, however, is densely packed with information, so it is spoken more slowly. This means that everyone finishes communicating at about the same time! 32. Why are Spanish and Japanese mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To state some languages are spoken quickly. B. To explain how they are developed. C. To prove why they are hard to learn. D. To stress they are popular with TV 33. Which part is focused on in the study? A. People’s identities. B. Language speeds. C. Content of the text D. Conversation time. 34. How did the researchers study the information rate in languages? A. By analyzing information on each syllable. B. By comparing sentence lengths. C. By measuring speaking speed. D. By counting words. 35. What do researchers find in the end? A. Mandarin uses more syllables than Japanese and Spanish B. People need less time and effort to understand Spanish. C. More-syllable words mean more and better information. D. People communicate information at similar rates in different languages. Passage 9 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南永州市·期末） Parenting is a challenging job, and it can be overwhelming at times. However, with the rise of technology, parenting has become easier. Artificial Intelligence is changing the way parents raise their kids. AI is not just about robots taking over the world; it’s also about empowering parents to be better caregivers. With AI-powered tools and apps, parents can have an eye on their children’s behavior on the internet or while handling iPads. Additionally, educational toys like ChatGPT or Google Galaxy Kids can develop vocabulary and direction skills in children. Tools like Alexa email or Chatbot Moxie provide emotional support and emotional intelligence to kids. Choosing quality time over screen time with the help of these advanced tools ensures your child remains safe while enjoying the benefits of technology. AI can be helpful for parents by providing tailored (定制的) recommendations based on their child’s behavior and development, assisting in observing sleep patterns and tracking location, and offering real-time support through Chatbots. As a result, it saves time and aids in informed decision-making. Parental control apps help monitor what kids see online by using artificial intelligence(AI). These apps not only give advice on healthy screen time and detect (发现) possible online dangers, but also help parents make decisions to keep their children safe. Chatbots like ChatGPT and virtual assistants like Alexa offer emotional support and parenting tips in the digital age. By using AI tools, parenting has changed a lot, including fun activities like Galaxy Kids and bedtime routines with devices like Moxie. This makes the online world safer for kids and still allows families to spend good time together. 28. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To offer the details. B. To introduce the topic. C. To explain the approach. D. To describe the difficulties. 29. How can AI assist parents in raising their children? A. By keeping an eye on internet use. B. By giving kids online time. C. By teaching kids new vocabulary. D. By providing emotional education 31. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The origin of AI. B. The changes of AI. C. The development of AI. D. The advantages of AI. 32. What might the text discuss next? A. Risks of AI in parenting. B. Costs of AI in parenting. C. Choosing AI tools for parenting. D. Listing AI’s effects on parenting. Passage 10 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南张家界市·期末） Playing outside can do good to children in many ways. As little as 10 or 15 minutes can support physical and mental development. Generally speaking, children should aim to do 60 minutes of exercise per day. This could be running, climbing, skipping, jumping or kicking a ball at the park. Exercise helps children to stay fit and keep a healthy weight. It strengthens muscles and develops their balance. Exercise is also good for mental health. It gives off endorphins in their brains, which can make them feel happier. Studies have shown that playing outside can develop children’s motor skills: Gross motor skills are our ability to make large movements with our arms or legs. There are lots of ways to develop gross motor skills outside. For example, running around, walking on the roads which are not smooth or climbing hills. Fine motor skills are our ability to make smaller movements often with our hands. Children can develop these skills by picking up small objects. While playing outside, children can also build their vocabulary by naming the objects or animals they see around them. Ask your child to describe the view or find shapes in the clouds. Some children may find they’re happier to talk outside. With fewer people around watching or overhearing them, they can be more adventurous with their language. Moving through new and different places can improve children’s spatial awareness. Playing outside often means children have to use their imagination and communication skills. They are likely to have fewer toys outdoors and so have to create their own games. This can increase how much children talk to each other. So you should think about chances in your daily life for children to spend time outdoors. Explore your local area. Or set up some activities or a family sports day. 28. What does the second paragraph mainly focus on? A. When children need to do sports. B. How much exercise children get per day. C. What sports are suitable for children. D. Why exercise is important for children. 29. Which of the following is a fine motor skill? A. Taking weightlifting exercise. B. Picking up stones on the beach. C. Walking on the roads with care. D. Playing tennis on the playground. 30. Why do some children feel happy to talk outside? A. Because they have less stress from study. B. Because they like to take more adventures. C. Because they feel less watched or overheard. D. Because they love animals living in the wild. 31. Who is the text mainly written for? A. Parents. B. Children. C. Teachers. D. Researchers. Passage 11 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南张家界市·期末） Researchers in Shanghai are developing a robot “guide dog” that could help blind people. The robot is now being tested in Shanghai. The machine uses cameras and sensors (传感器) to sense its environment. It is able to recognize (辨认出) traffic lights which traditional guide dogs are unable to recognize. The robot can communicate by listening to and speaking with a blind person. The robot also uses artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize voices and plan ways to go from place to place. The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider than a real dog. It has six legs instead of four because the researchers say the extra legs enhance its safety, making its movements smoother. 41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are among the people with eye problems who are helping the Jiao Tong University team. They are testing the dog using Chinese-language instructions and providing their feedback (反馈) for the researchers to further develop the dog. Li is completely blind while Zhu has little eyesight. Li normally uses a walking stick to walk. He said, “If this robot guide dog comes onto the market and I could use it, at least it could solve some of my problems in traveling alone.” Robot guide dogs are also under development in Australia and Britain. But China needs a lot of traditional guide dogs. There are just over 400 guide dogs in China for nearly 20 million blind people. Many workplaces, restaurants and public areas do not welcome a usual guide dog like a Labrador. The supply of real dogs is limited (限制) by feeding and training needs. The production of robot guide dogs could be increased to an industrial level, especially in a center of making industry like China. The researchers think there could be a large market for robot dogs as there might be tens of millions of people in the world who need guide dogs. 32. What is one advantage of the robot guide dog according to the text? A. It can work at any time. B. It follows the traffic lights. C. It costs much less to keep. D. It can find the way more easily. 33. What does the underlined word “enhance” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Report. B. Record. C. Show. D. Increase. 34. Why are Li Fei and Zhu Sibin mentioned in the text? A. They prefer experiencing modern inventions. B. They’re experts in developing robot guide dogs. C. They play a part in improving robot guide dogs. D. They depend on real guide dogs for traveling around. 35. What is the future of robot guide dogs like according to the researchers? A. Worrying. B. Challenging. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeful. Passage 12 人与社会——科学与技术 （24-25学年高一上·湖南师大附中·期末） I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children’s development many parents are led to believe. However, the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are reshaping our children’s brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse, the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental ­health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. The efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations (联系). When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social­ media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental­ health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. Several analysis and systematic reviews concentrate on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no measurable associations between well­-being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital­technology use. As a psychologist studying children’s and adolescents' mental health, I appreciate parents’ frustration and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental­ health struggles than ever before. But not enough services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence ­based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 28. According to the text, what is presented in The Anxious Generation? A. Scary children's stories. B. Children’s brain disorders. C. Game­changing digital technologies. D. A wrong cause for young people’s mental illness. 29. What does “the same message” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Many countries do research on mental health. B. Well-­being and social media are closely related. C. The young are faced with the mental ­health crisis. D. Social media don’t necessarily cause mental illness. 30. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 4 — 5? A. Mental struggles cannot be identified. B. Mental health remains a private issue. C. Psychological support is badly needed. D. Research can't support young people in crisis. 31. The text is intended to________． A. defend the use of social media B. save a generation in mental crisis C. recommend a potential best­-seller D. look into the issue of mental health Passage 13 人与社会——社会、历史与文化 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean? People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”. The earliest last names, or surnames (姓), were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a small river; someone called-Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added “-s” or “-son”. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added “Mac” or “Mc” or “O”. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. 28. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The history of family first names. B. The meaning of popular first names. C. The role of family traditions in choosing first names. D. The different ways parents choose their children’s first names. 29. Where did Donald Greenwood probably live? A. Close to a small river. B. Near a long, paved road. C. In or near a green, wooded area. D. In a village where people made tools. 3. What was the most likely occupation of the ancestors of the Potter family? A. Making kitchen tools. B. Making things with metals. C. Owning or driving a cart. D. Building houses and furniture. 31. What does the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph mean? A. Friends. B. Supporters. C. Coworkers. D. Later generations. Passage 14 人与自然——环境保护 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市明德中学·期末） Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified (量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 24. What did Sibert and Rubin find? A. The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B. The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C. The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D. The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 25. How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A. By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B. By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C. By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D. By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 26 According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A. Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B. The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C. Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D. Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Sharks: The Stories behind Them B. Sharks: The Marine Masters C. Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D. Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction Passage 15 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） Plants are much more active than you might think. Even though they don’t look like they are moving, plants weave and jiggle. Sunflowers planted in a field do a complex “dance” that maximizes (使最大化) the amount of sunlight each plant gets and allows them all to grow better. Scientists from Tel Aviv University in Israel have discovered how sunflowers work together so that their leaves move out of the shadows of their neighbors. All plants move as they grow and reach up towards the light. However, researchers have found that random (随机的) movements of individual parts can unexpectedly lead to regular ordered patterns. In 2017, researchers at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina found out that when sunflowers are planted really close together, they naturally grow in a zigzag shape. This helps them avoid blocking each other’s sunlight, so each plant gets as much light as possible. Nature has many examples where randomly-acting individual parts create self-organized systems, such as honeybees that collectively build nests, or ants finding the shortest route to food. With the latest study on plants, instead of looking at fields of sunflowers, Professor Yasmine Meroz and her team grew them in a laboratory and filmed them to see if random movements could create the ordered patterns seen in plantation. The team believes that the looping (环状的) and jagged (锯齿状的) movements help the plants explore their surroundings and find a way that benefits their growth. “It’s somewhat like a crowded dance party, where individuals move around to create more space,” said Meroz. “If they move too much, they might get in the way of the other dancers, but if they move too little, the crowding problem won’t be solved, leaving one corner of the square overcrowded and the other empty.” The team hopes the research about sunflowers will give people a deeper understanding of how plants behave and will allow farmers to come up with new planting strategies in the future. 28. Why do sunflowers do a complex “dance”? A. To get equal sunlight. B. To work together with their neighbors. C. To remove their leaves from the shadows. D. To secure enough sunlight for better growth. 29. What did the research show in paragraph 2? A. Plants all move and reach up towards the light. B. Sunflowers planted close block each other’s sunlight. C. Random individual action may result in ordered pattern. D. Regular movements can unexpectedly form random systems. 30. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Plants move in a way to gain space. B. Plants explore a better way to grow through movements. C. The growth of plants can largely affect how they behave. D. The research can provide farmers with new planting strategies. 31. Which of the following can be the best title of the article? A. Sunflowers: teaming up to share sunlight. B. Plants: creating self-organized patterns. C. Irregular movements: creating ordered patterns. D. Clever nature: possessing intelligent creatures. Passage 16 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal (与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable (易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on (坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 28. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 29. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 30. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. Passage 17 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南岳阳市·期末） More scientists are exploring cellular senescence (细胞衰老) — a state in which cells no longer divide. Senescent cells, which build up in older bodies, have a link to age- related conditions such as dementia (痴呆). Scientists are exploring drugs that treat senescent cells. But the most promising tool against the bad effects of senescent cells, experts say, is exercise. Today, LeBrasseur, who directs a center on aging at Mayo, says exercise is the most promising tool that we have for good health in late life, and its power spreads to our cells. Research suggests exercise prevents the buildup of senescent cells, helping the immune system clear them and fight the cell damage that can affect aging. Last year, LeBrasseur led a study that provided the first sign in humans that exercise greatly affected senescence. It cut signs in the bloodstream of the effects of senescent cells in the body. After a 12-week exercise program, researchers found that older adults had cut signs of senescence and improved body strength, physical ability and reported health. A recent study collects even more facts in animals and humans for exercise as a treatment to fight against senescent cells. While such studies are not well-known outside scientific circles, many older adults connect exercise with youthfulness. Farmer Mike Gale, 81, put in a track and field throwing circle on his large farm in California. He and some of his friends throw the discus and use other exercise equipment. “I’d like to be competing in my 90s, ” Gale says. “Why not? ” 95-year-old Richard Soller says exercise keeps him fit enough to deal with what comes his way — including the discovery that his wife had developed dementia. The two sometimes walk the streets of their neighborhood together, holding hands. “Do as much as you can, ” he says. “That should be the goal for anyone to stay healthy. ” 32. Which of statements is true about LeBrasseur? A. He focused on the aging process. B. He firstly tested with humans. C. He found exercise could slow aging. D. He invented medicine to stop aging. 33. What can we infer about Farmer Mike Gale's attitude towards aging and exercise? A. He avoids exercise because he believes it is not helpful for older people. B. He feels that exercise is only useful for young people and not for older adults. C. He believes aging is unavoidable and there is little that can be done to stay healthy. D. He thinks exercise can help him stay youthful and is optimistic about competing in his 90s. 34. Why did the author tell the story of a 95-year-old man? A. To envy him for his happy life. B. To give an example of his point. C. To call on people to learn from him. D. To recommend exercise to the elderly. 35. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Exercise Is the Best Tool Against Aging. B. Aging Secret Has Been Found Out. C. Old People Can Also Live Actively. D. Aging Causes Serious Health Problems. Passage 18 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市长郡中学·期末） Money doesn’t grow on trees but gold does. Scientists in Western Australia claim (声称) to have made a new discovery - they have found gold in the leaves and branches of trees. The researchers believe that the trees take in the gold from deep underground, over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than digging deep holes to find gold, they will be able to examine tree leaves and branches. The trees show what is happening under the earth’s surface. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found by using a special X-ray machine and a powerful microscope, which scan the leaves and branches. It is claimed that this is the first time that gold particles (粒子) have been found in living material. However, this might not be true. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals (矿物质) underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals - and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits (矿床) of gold. Over the next 2,000 years, Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew, showing where minerals and precious stones such as jade, copper, lead, silver and gold were. More importantly, around the year 1000. Su Song, a Chinese scientist born in 1020, told about how Portulaca plants could produce mercury (汞) when they were crushed, dried and left to rot (腐烂). That was certainly the first time ever that a metal was obtained from a plant. The Previous Secrets of the Realm of the King of Xin, written during the Ming Dynasty, described how different metals were observed and extracted (提炼) from certain plants. This knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1600, when a British man realized that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese knowledge has more to teach modern scientists. 28. According to Australian scientists, where can gold be probably found? A. In the roots of trees. B. In the leaves of trees. C. In the trees everywhere. D. On the ground near trees. 29. How can we tell whether there is gold or not in the trees? A. By digging deep holes in the trees. B. By cutting the leaves of trees into pieces. C. By examining the surface of the ground under the trees. D. By scanning the leaves and branches with special scientific tools. 30. Who first found the connection between plants and minerals? A. Australian scientists. B. A modern scientist C. Ancient Chinese people. D. A British scientist. 31. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By listing figures. C. By making comparisons. D. By analyzing effects. Passage 19 人与自我——生活与学习 （24-25学年高一上·湖南长沙市雅礼中学·期末） A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests. Scientists found that middle-aged women who ate more foods packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants (抗氧化物) had “younger-looking” cells than those who had less healthy diets. They judged whether a cell was young by looking methyl (甲基) groups, on the surface of DNA. The pattern of these methyl groups changes as we age, which is believed to increase cellular aging. “Sugars are linked to worsened health and early disease possibly more than any other food factor.” co-author Elissa Epel, a professor at the University of California, said in a statement. Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diet. “Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables. The new study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between added sugar consumption and cellular aging, the authors said. The team calculated the participants’ ages by looking at the DNA methylation of cells with samples. These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run. 28. What can we learn from the study? A. A balanced diet is linked to people’s health. B. A low-sugar healthy diet may delay women’s aging. C. The sugary food has no effect on the women’s body. D. The added sugars slow down people’s biological aging. 29. Which of the following food may make cells age faster according to paragraph 3? A. Pure milk. B. Chinese cabbage. C. Birthday cakes. D. Fresh watermelons. 30. How did Epel and her colleagues conduct their study? A. By giving an example. B. By introducing a concept C. By making a comparison D. By raising some questions. 31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The study lacks further support. B. There are data errors in the study. C. People’s age can be changed by diet. D. Sugary diet affects health in the long run. 4 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $