专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，北京专用）八年级英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——方法与策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末） Imagine you are going to give a speech the next day. The night before, you spend a lot of time thinking about the possible mistakes you might make and whether you’re prepared enough. Well, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the same thought again and again, analyzing (分析) the simplest matters or events too much. According to The Conversation, overthinking comes from one of our instincts (本能). The mind will always see things in the worst possible light. Our brains are always looking for threats (威胁), to make a plan to deal with those threats and keep us safe. Some people believe that overthinking may be helpful because it helps us look at a problem from every possible angle (角度) and get ready for what might happen. However, research suggests that overthinking can make us feel worried or nervous. What's more, overthinking might create problems with how you get along with others. As you think the worst, make incorrect guesses, or worry about every little thing others do and say, you might misunderstand their real intentions(意图). So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract yourself for a bit. That means you can take your attention away from what you are trying to do. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, like gardening, or even while you' re sleeping. Also, when you find yourself overthinking, try to question these thoughts. Ask yourself if they make sense and think about other possibilities. It can be hard at first, but recognizing (辨别出) that you are overthinking can help you make a change. 1．According to the passage, overthinking can make people _________. A．have more to worry about B．solve problems easily C．think less about simple events D．get on well with others 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to stop overthinking. B．What makes overthinking happen. C．Why overthinking is helpful. D．What problems overthinking brings. 3．To stop overthinking, the writer thinks we can _________ . A．try to go over matters or events quickly B．make a plan to deal with possible threats C．turn our attention to something enjoyable D．think of the worst possibility of a problem Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末） Are you an optimist (乐观主义者) or a pessimist (悲观主义者)? Optimists are always hopeful and positive (积极的). Pessimists always expect the worst and see the negative (消极的) side of things. The optimist says, “The glass is half full.” The pessimist says, “The glass is half empty”. Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists. Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁) more often than optimists do. Dr. Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks. After eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had died from another heart attack. Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to succeed. Here’s the good news: Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself. When something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect their whole lives. When something bad happens to optimists, they see it as just one event. They also believe that they can solve the problem, so it won’t happen again. Here’s an example: An optimist and a pessimist take a math test. They are both good students, but both of them fail this test. The pessimist thinks, “I am probably going to fail every test. It is too difficult for me. Nobody will like me because I am a terrible student.” The optimist thinks, “It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.” Be kinder to yourself, be more hopeful, see the glass as half full! 4．What does Dr. Seligman’s study show? A．Optimists are healthier. B．Pessimists are smarter. C．Optimists are depressed. D．Pessimists are terrible. 5．According to the passage, who may succeed more easily? A．The man who is shy. B．The man who is polite. C．The man who is positive. D．The man who is negative. 6．How can one be more optimistic? A．Doing more tests. B．Asking others for help. C．Changing the self-talk way. D．Thinking of bad things. 7．What will the optimists think after failing a test? A．They will fail every test. B．They will do better next time. C．They will give up learning. D．They will become terrible. 主题02 人与自我——爱好 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末） Amy: 8 My favourite saying is “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” I would like to enjoy the fantastic view from the Great Wall. Peter: 9 I like skating a lot and would like to experience life in a cold place. And I am ready to have Russian food. Tom: 10 I am interested in animals, so I plan to get close to pandas. I really hope to be a volunteer to help them. A．China’s CapitalBeijing is the capital city of China. You may see a lot of places of interest, such as Tian’anmen, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace. They tell stories from long ago. Walking in hutongs is a good choice, too. Don’t forget to taste Peking Duck. B．A Modern City Shanghai is a big city with lots of tall buildings. To see the city from high up, why not choose Shanghai Tower? You may also go shopping on Nanjing Road, one of the busiest streets in the city. It’s fun to visit museums here to learn how China is growing fast. C． City of Pandas Chengdu is where you can see pandas. Go to the Giant Panda Breeding Research Base (大熊猫繁育基地) to see them up close and learn how people are helping pandas. The city is famous for its hotpot, too. You can find out what life is like there. D．City of Ice and Snow Harbin is cold and snowy, and it has a big ice festival. The Ice and Snow World is a wonderful place for winter activities where you can have great fun. Besides, there are many Russian-style buildings and you may try some delicious Russian food. 主题03 人与自我——精神品质 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末） Have you heard the saying “If you fall off the horse, get back on.”? It means that things may get difficult, and you may make many mistakes. But you should have the passion (激情) and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance. It can help you get a lot of things. Perseverance means keeping doing something for a long time. It doesn’t matter if it is easy or difficult. For example, you practise a trick on your bike again and again. Or you finish a picture without giving up and start over. These show perseverance. Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, “It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself. I go running with my mum three times a week. Sometimes I feel good and sometimes I don’t. But I still do it because I want to be the fastest in my class. Whether in good situations or bad ones, we need perseverance.” Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier. When you get something you worked hard for and face difficulties on the way, it can develop your confidence and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth is an expert (专家) about people’s thoughts and feelings. She studies perseverance and calls it “grit”. She thinks that having grit is really important for us to succeed. She says, “No matter how talented (有天赋的) you are at something or how well you do in school, you must have grit. When things are hard, perseverance is even more important. It can help you get past the hard times and reach your goals.” Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn. The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind. This means believing that your brain can grow. You can get anything if you put your mind to it. So don’t think, “I can’t do this”, try thinking, “I can’t do this... yet”. As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 11．Why does the writer take Florence for example in Paragraph 2? A．To introduce what perseverance means. B．To talk about how to train running skills. C．To present the advantages of perseverance. D．To show the importance of staying with parents. 12．According to the passage, what can help us reduce stress? A．Developing talents through mistakes. B．Building confidence in hard situations. C．Trying hard for our dreams with hope. D．Keeping doing things without thinking. 13．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Goals are easier to reach in difficult times. B．Talent is the most important for us to succeed. C．Being clever will help us do well in our lessons. D．Knowing we can get better helps us develop grit. 14．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Perseverance B．The Tips to Reach the Goals C．The Ways to Solve Difficulties D．The Meaning of Thinking Habits 主题04 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末） When faced with stress or hardship, who do you turn to for help? Who has the power to lift your spirits? Perhaps it’s your mom or dad, or an understanding friend who really cares about you. We all know that spending time with good friends makes us happier. Scientists have even put this feeling to the test, and have found that teen friendships have to do with psychological  (心理的) well-being. A study of 108 high school students in Australia found that strong friendships were pretty helpful for teens after a stressful event, such as failing a test. Teens being with friends were reported to have lower levels of sadness, jealousy, and worry. In fact, friendship not only provides support in the short term, but also influences a person in general in the long run. The researchers interviewed 169 fifteen-year-old teenagers, and tracked their progress over 10 years. Each year, these people were also asked to do a survey testing their levels of anxiety, depression (压抑), and self-worth. As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth. In addition, another study in the journal Child Development found that having good teenage friendships might help teens become better parents in the future. This is because they show more empathy (同理心) to their close friends, which helps them develop better parenting skills. Dr. Jessica A．Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调), “When you’re a teenager, close friendships are an important ‘training ground’ for developing social skills and learning how to care for others in more mature ways when you grow up.” However, does having many friends necessarily mean more happiness? In fact, having a lot of friends in one’s friend circle doesn’t always bring mental health benefits. Instead, having too many friends can sometimes lead to social anxiety. The key to teen friendships lies not in the number of friends, but in the closeness and quality of a few good ones. It’s the deep understanding and being understood by another person that help teenagers develop necessary social skills for the future. As we can see, friendships during teenage years play a key role in psychological well-being. We always hope that friendships last forever, even if it isn’t always the case. Developing close teen friendships can pave the way for a happier, more worthwhile life ahead. 15．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Having good teen friends brings long-term benefits to a person. B．Having close bonds with family reduces people’s levels of anxiety. C．Teenagers can train their social skills with the help of their parents. D．Good teen friendships help improve physical health in the long run. 16．What does the writer probably agree with? A．Developing close teen friendships helps improve social skills. B．Being with friends is helpful for teens before a stressful event. C．The more friends a teen has, the happier he or she will become. D．Forming close teen relationships in fact lowers one’s self-worth. 17．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the ways to make more friends. B．To explore the true meaning of happiness. C．To stress the difficulty of making real friends. D．To introduce the influence of teen friendships. 主题05 人与社会——科学技术与发明 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴·期末） A robot is a machine with moving parts that performs different tasks according to instructions (指令). We usually see robots in the films. The robots in these films are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. But robots don’t have a long history. In early years, people could use robots to finish the tasks that were boring in the factories. They could also do the tasks in the same steps each time. Robots were good at putting different parts together or moving things. They sometimes did work that was dangerous for humans. For example, they might work deep in the ocean or inside the tanks (罐) filled with dangerous smoke. Today, we can use robots in many different places. It seems that these robots not only move mechanical (机械的) parts but also “think” on their own. Scientists are making robots like guide dogs to help blind people. That makes it possible for the blind to walk around. They usually program the robots to do jobs. A program is a set of computer instructions that tell the robot what to do. Complex (复杂的) robots can do a few things at the same time. In fact, two complex robots are now on Mars, studying the planet. These robots, called the Mars Exploration Rovers, have metal or plastic bodies that help protect (保护) their mechanical parts inside. The computer in a robot acts as its brain and the camera acts as its eyes. These robots have sent photos and information about the surface (表面) of Mars back to Earth. In the future, robots will work in many different ways. Maybe one kind of robots will be able to recognize (辨别) your voice and talk with you. They can work as a service worker or a guard. Another kind of robots will carry packages and open doors. It will walk forward and backward, turn easily without stopping, and climb stairs. It can also keep its balance (平衡) on uneven ground. In our future life, robots may be able to do everything. They can’t take the place of humans, but they can help humans to finish different tasks easier. We are sure that life in the future will be very different from life today with robots’ help. 18．At the beginning of using robots, we usually make them _________. A．do boring or dangerous tasks in the factories B．work as guide dogs to help the blind people C．send the photos back to the earth from Mars D．finish a few different tasks at the same time 19．What can we know from the passage? A．Robot bodies on Mars are covered with metal or plastic. B．It will be easier to make robots think just like humans. C．Robots are going to take the place of us in a few years. D．It’s impossible for robots to do tasks in the same steps. 20．What’s the passage mainly about? A．It shows us what robots will look like in the future. B．It describes the pathway of the robots’ improvement. C．It talks about different shapes of robots in our lives. D．It tells us the experience of creating robots by hand. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京西城·期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious (焦虑的). If the feelings of anxiety become too strong, they can make you unwell. Usually, we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better. But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve (涉及) medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety. Our team was made up of scientists from several fields. We built a few different robotic cushions, and each one offered a different calming experience, like the feeling of breathing (呼吸), a heartbeat, and one of them even had colorful lights inside. We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best. Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing. So, we decided to work more on that one. For our final cushion, we made it bigger so it was easier to hug. We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the “breathing”. We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer. Now, we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety, so we did a test. The test had to do three things: make people feel anxious, check their anxiety levels, and compare the effect (效果) of the cushion to something else. We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others. Afterwards, we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten. To see how well the cushion worked, we put people into three groups. Group A used the breathing cushion, Group B tried meditating (冥想), and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety. After 10 minutes, we asked them to score their anxiety levels again. We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly. And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety. Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice, but hugging a cushion is easy! And, you could hug the cushion while doing other things. By doing more research like this, we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better. What do you think? Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you’re worried? 21．The scientists made the robotic cushion to ________. A．help people call for doctors B．make the home pretty C．help people feel less worried D．tell people when to take medicine 22．What is the final cushion like? A．It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat. B．It has a robotic part to make it “breathe”. C．It comes in all shapes and sizes. D．It has colorful lights inside. 23．What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A．People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions. B．The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation. C．The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems. D．The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly 24．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how to use a robotic cushion. B．To introduce a product that helps with anxiety. C．To warn people about the dangers of being worried D．To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious. 主题06 人与自我——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末） Have you ever found yourself scrolling through some video platforms, only to stop and watch a video breaking down your favorite movie or book? You’ re not alone. Literary and film analyses (分析) have become increasingly popular on video platforms. These videos usually last less than five minutes. However, some viral ones can run for as long as several hours. Regardless of the length, there’s a good reason why video analyses have become so popular on video platforms (视频平台). First, let’s face it: Everyone loves a good story. Whether it’s the exciting plot twists (剧情反转) of a popular movie or the deep, meaningful themes of a classic novel, stories attract us. However, understanding the full depth of these stories can be challenging, especially when they’re packed with symbolism (象征意义), hidden meanings and complex characters. This is where literary and film analyses come in. They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them. Analyzing literature and film is like solving a puzzle. Sometimes you just need a little help getting started, especially if you’re a student. Watching a well-made video analysis can provide insights that help you make your own thoughts clear, making it easier to deal with that challenging essay or participate in a class discussion. Plus, they often explain difficult concepts (概念) in an interesting way. Beyond homework support, these analyses offer a way to connect with others who share your interests. Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts. It’s like joining a book club or movie night, but with people from all over the world. The rise of video platforms means that anyone with passion for storytelling can create content, allowing for various voices and perspectives (视角), and more inclusive (包容性强的) analyses. Whether it’s a fresh idea about a Shakespearean classic or a deep research on the latest Marvel movie, there’s something for everyone. In a world where content is king, video analyses provide an attractive way to dive deeper into the stories that shape our culture. Thus, the next time you’ re interested in an essay or just want to understand your favourite movie or novel a little better, consider hitting “play”. You might just learn something new. 25．What is the writer’s opinion on video analyses? A．They can help you join a movie club. B．They can be popular because they are short. C．They can affect your culture in different ways. D．They can give you a deep understanding of stories. 26．According to the passage, what can we do in the analysis videos? A．We can play a popular film. B．We can post a piece of news. C．We can give some English learning tips. D．We can show opinions of reading books. 27．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Making Some Analysis Videos B．Using Video Platforms Reasonably C．Hitting Play on That Analysis Video D．Searching Video Platforms for Information Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year. The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles (1,127 km) in a single day to return to its home. How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7,500 miles (12,070 km) across the Pacific Ocean? The answer is animals have a variety of super skills. Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around, other times they sense things our bodies can’t feel. In a long-distance animal migration (迁徙), there are no sign posts or roads to follow, but there’s always the Sun. The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico. Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night. While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars, many animals do something we can’t: find their way by sensing Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year. Wolves, dogs, birds, butterflies, sea turtles, and many other animals also sense magnetic fields. Scientists have found magnetite in birds’ beaks (鸟喙). Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds. Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way. Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water. Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean. Many animals, including some whales, some birds, and bats, use echolocation (回声定位) to find their way around. Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation. The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps. The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water’s flow. Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast. Honey bees know the forests, rivers, and roads that lead to the nest. Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can’t overcome: humans. Logging and farming are destroying forests. We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night. Climate change confuses long-distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing. Fortunately, scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked. These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development. While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals, we can help them on their journeys, too. 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars. B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest. C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico. D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth’s magnetic field. 29．What does the word “disturb” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Making animals more tired. B．Making animals more active. C．Making animals lose their way. D．Making animals move quickly. 30．What is the passage mainly about? A．The amazing skills of animals. B．The different senses of animals. C．The good ways to save animals. D．The key points to protect animals. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末） When you build a house, you use a blueprint. What’s a blueprint? In general, a blueprint is a drawing that shows how to put a house together with many different parts. DNA is the blueprint of life. But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house. It takes millions of years for nature to change the DNA in living things to make them fit the world they live in. This is the shape of DNA． How tall are you? What color are your eyes? What size are your feet? All these things are strongly influenced by your DNA before you are born! DNA is fantastic! Except for some twins, every living thing has its own unique DNA．Some health problems can be caused by problems in your DNA．Scientists can look for these problems and, sometimes, help you before you become sick. In the future, scientists might be able to change your DNA． There are copies of your DNA in every part of your body. For example, your finger has the same DNA as your hair. You have your own unique DNA．But it repeats patterns from your parents’ DNA．From your DNA, scientists can identify not only you, but also people who are related to you. Your parents and grandparents are related to you, and you have their DNA．Your DNA has billions of instructions that explain why you are the way you are. It is one of the most amazing things on the earth! 31．DNA is something that ________. A．helps you grow up fast B．helps you change the world C．you use to build your house D．your body uses to build itself 32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Your DNA isn’t in your hair. B．DNA is different in your body parts. C．Your DNA comes from your parents. D．Your family members have the same DNA． 33．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A．DNA—the Story of Your Body B．DNA—the Secret of Your Height C．DNA—the Way of Your Thinking D．DNA—the Problem of Your Body 主题01 人与自我——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末） Think about how much time you spent outside last week. Really“outside”. Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago.That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Playing is important, even for adults (成人). Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight... all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble putting your mind to what you’re doing? Too much time indoors, away from the natural world, may be a cause (起因). Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature-deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being away from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle’(噼啪作响) underfoot and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (有联系的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So the next time you sit down to spend time with a video game, think about treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Playing outside is more important for kids than adults. B．Kids spend more time outdoors now than twenty years ago. C．Being so close to nature is the cause of nature-deficit disorder. D．Non-moving activities bring problems for both mind and body. 2．What does the word “hone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Protect. B．Improve. C．Share. D．Record. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how to get closer to nature. B．To explain why people like to play indoors. C．To encourage people to spend time outdoors. D．To introduce different kinds of outdoor activities. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末） Your mind and body are connected (联系的). How you think can affect (影响) how you feel and how you feel can affect your thinking. An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems. On the other hand, pain (疼痛) or a health problem can affect your emotions (情绪). You might become sad and stressed. And this could affect how you face your illness. But your mind can have a positive (积极的) effect on your health, too. Having a positive outlook on life might help you better handle pain or stress. And it can help you stay healthier than someone who is less hopeful. ________ Your brain produces things that can help with your health. These things include endorphins (内啡肽), which are natural painkillers. Research shows that what your brain produces depends in part on your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly. Negative (负面的) thoughts and emotions can keep your brain from producing some of the chemicals that help your body heal. Although people can’t cure (治愈) all the illness, your thoughts and state of mind are the resources (资源) you can use to get better. How does stress affect you? When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It makes hormones (激素) that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. If the stress is over quickly, your body goes back to normal and no harm is done. But if stress happens too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. Long-term stress can make you more likely to get sick, and it can make symptoms of some diseases worse. If you tense up (紧张) when you are stressed, you may have neck, shoulder, or low back pain. Stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease. Stress also harms your emotional health. It can make you sad, angry or depressed and you may not do well at work or school. But when you are able to relax your mind and body, your body stops producing the hormones that create stress and you return to a state of calm again. 4．The writer uses the example to show ________. A．stress and worries are good for our health B．problems can be solved when people worry about them C．our mind and body have strong connections D．illness can affect our body but can’t affect our mind 5．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraphs 5-7? A．How do your thoughts and feelings affect your health? B．What does your brain produce when you are worried? C．What chemicals can help your body heal? D．How do negative thoughts help people cure the illness? 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．Positive ideas can help people cure all illness. B．A positive attitude will raise your body’s healing power. C．Short-term stress can harm your body badly. D．Long-term stress can help improve emotional health. 7．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage people to have a positive outlook on life. B．To show stress has a positive effect on people’s life. C．To tell why stress affects people’s health. D．To explain how people feel when they are ill. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维). So, what is spatial thinking, and is it possible to become a good spatial thinker? Spatial thinking allows us to control objects in our mind. When we imagine how to arrange (排列) our bedroom or find our way home, we are using spatial thinking. It is also important for learning maths. We use it to study and understand the relationships between shapes (形状), spaces and areas. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning. This connection makes sense. Just think about the skills needed for maths, physics and other STEM subjects. For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系). The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind. This has been connected to stronger science and math performance and can be improved through training. Younger children can practice visualization by imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图) pieces in their minds. Older children can use visualization when rearranging maths formulae (公式). Small world play with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, can help children understand spatial scale (尺度) differences. Scientists have also found that using toys like building blocks (积木) is good for spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words like “in”, “on” and “next to” help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “parallel” and “separate”. Together with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). Spatial abilities have a huge influence (影响) on how we get around in our day to day lives. What’s more, taking more chances to practice our spatial thinking might also improve our STEM learning. Let us make space to develop our spatial thinking! 8．You will most probably need spatial thinking when you ________. A．study family relationships B．create a sad story in your mind C．learn English by watching movies D．use a map to find the way to a museum 9．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce STEM subjects. B．To describe some spatial skills. C．To show the importance of spatial ability. D．To explain the relationships of chemicals. 10．What do you know about spatial thinking from the passage? A．Imagining a picture in mind can improve spatial skills. B．Moving bands may trouble children’s spatial thinking. C．Hearing difficult words can help to learn spatial concepts. D．Listing formulae helps understand spatial scale differences. 11．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the influence of spatial skills. B．To advise people to train spatial thinking. C．To discuss the advantages of spatial thinking. D．To compare different ways to improve spatial skills. Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） There are several kinds of distances people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since proxemics (距离效应学) is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space separating people. But you can make some general observations (观察) on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being ignored (忽视)? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t invade (侵犯) each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it belongs to you. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you indeed. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect one another’s areas. Invading other people’s space might mean trouble. 12．From the passage we can learn that ________ A．close distance can make you feel comfortable B．personal distance is between family members C．close or not, there is distance between people D．one must keep enough distance from others 13．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You must protect your area from others’ invading it. B．Distance can tell the relationship between people. C．Scientists are studying why there are kinds of distances. D．Space among people is something important for us. 14．What does the sentence “Please step back. I’m too crowded” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．You’re standing too close to me. B．Go away or I am leaving. C．Come and see I am here. D．You take all my area as yours. 15．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How interesting distance is B．Space does speak indeed C．Distance can be everywhere D．One should own his space 主题02 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of animals around the world are facing different kinds of threats (威胁). They are in danger and in need of protection and conservation efforts. Among these threatened animals, one that needs special mention is the koala. It is close to being an endangered animal. Interestingly, the koala is partly to blame (承担责任) for its decline. Koalas are too stubborn (固执的) for their own good! When you were younger, were you a picky eater? Did your parents have to ask you to eat things that were good for you? Hopefully you listened to what they taught you and ate your dinner. Koalas are picky eaters. They live in tall eucalyptus (桉树)  trees. Koalas eat the leaves of those trees. Since there are over 600 different kinds of eucalyptus trees, koalas should have no trouble finding food. But koalas are picky! They only want certain eucalyptus tree leaves to eat. Out of the 600 kinds of trees, koalas will only eat the leaves of about 120 kinds of eucalyptus trees. Some are even pickier than that. The koalas of a specific area will only eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. They would rather starve (挨饿) than eat the other kinds. Now that’s stubborn! At present, koalas also face many threats in the wild, from deforestation, drought, disease, habitat loss (丧失) to climate change. For example, the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season was one of the most deadly wildfires ever experienced, leading to the big loss of the tree—hugging koalas. However, the biggest problem for koalas now is that the brush (灌木丛) land in Australia is being cut down. Towns and cities are pushing farther into the brush. Since many koalas live there, they are losing their tree homes and the tree leaves that feed them. Today, scientists think that there are less than 100,000 koalas left in the wild. Luckily, governments have made laws (法律) to protect them. If we don’t act now, koalas on the east coast of Australia could disappear forever by 2050. 16．The word “decline” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．movement B．drop C．appearance D．increase 17．What do you know about koalas from Paragraph 4? A．Koalas have trouble finding eucalyptus leaves. B．Koalas eat about 600 kinds of eucalyptus leaves. C．Pickier koalas eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. D．Pickier koalas eat other kinds of eucalyptus leaves when hungry. 18．What is the main reason for koalas to be almost endangered? A．Wildfires leads to the big loss of koalas. B．Human action causes homes and food loss. C．Koalas only eat certain eucalyptus tree leaves. D．Governments don’t make laws to protect koalas. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末） For humans, giving a smile is an easy way to avoid misunderstanding. A new study shows bottlenose dolphins may use a similar (相似的) way when playing with each other. The study in The Journal Science found that dolphins make an open-mouthed expression, like a “smile”, during play. Researchers from Italy and France watched 22 dolphins in France. They watched the dolphins play with each other, with their human trainers, and alone. The scientists found that dolphins “smiled” almost always when in their playmates’ view, and their playmates “smiled” back about one-third of the time. This suggests it is a form of communication. By “smiling” at each other, dolphins may stop their games from turning into real fights because of misunderstandings. However, dolphin communication scientist Heather Hill warns against extrapolating too much. She says, “Dolphins do open their mouths during play, which seems like communication. But I wouldn’t call it a ‘smile’ because they also open their mouths in other situations, such as during aggression (攻击) or when they are alone.” Dolphins are loved for their playfulness, rich social lives, and complex (复杂的) communication, but no one has studied dolphins’ facial expressions during play before. However, scientists have studied other mammals (哺乳动物), like humans and monkeys. They communicate with open-mouthed, smile-like expressions when playing. The study found that 92% of the time dolphins used the open-mouth expression was when playing with each other, not with humans or alone. In aggressive or relaxing activities like swimming, the “smiling” expression was not watched. The researchers also noted the importance of using sound to communicate during play. They think future studies should listen to these sounds because they didn’t get to record them this time. People looked after all dolphins and watched them. Hill noted that the “smiling” behaviours may happen in the wild too, but less often, as wild dolphins spend more time looking for food and staying away from danger. “The next step is to study wild dolphins in similar situations,” she said. 19．What can we learn about the dolphins’ “smile” from the passage? A．Dolphins smile to turn real fights into playful games. B．Dolphins’ smiles might act as a way of communication. C．Dolphins don’t smile in the wild because they are busy. D．Dolphins smile to make special sounds to help make friends. 20．The underlined word “extrapolating” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．reducing B．watching C．agreeing D．guessing 21．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To suggest more studies of dolphins in the wild. B．To tell how scientists studied dolphins’ social lives. C．To show the findings on dolphins’ smile-like expressions. D．To compare dolphins’ and humans’ behaviours during play. 主题03 人与社会——家庭 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末） Teens are now watching “TV” on their phones, iPads, and computers as well as TVs. This can make it hard for parents to know what their teens are watching. They may be watching shows parents don’t want them to watch. But when parents spend time watching with their teens, it can have big benefits (益处) for both of them. The middle school years are the time when kids start to pull away from parents. They start to get closer to their friends. It’s a good idea for parents to watch with their kids, because in that way, they can know what are going on in their kids’ worlds. And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems. Without this kind of family time, kids might stop parents from checking on what they’re watching as they get older. When it comes to educational (教育的) shows like Sesame Street, parents can help kids learn more by watching with them. Young kids learn from lots of back-and-forth interactions (互动). So parents should ask their children about what they’re watching and answer their kids’ questions to improve learning. This can be true even when the show is not educational or even very good. A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true. But when parents watch with school-aged kids and point out these wrong ideas, it teaches kids to question them. If parents see someone in a show treating another person badly, they should ask their children what they would do if they saw someone being unkind like that or if someone was mean to them that way. Watching “TV” can be an important learning experience if parents and their children watch actively together. It is a good way to form a stronger and closer parent-child relationship. Also, parents are able to guide children to grow up healthily and happily. 22．When parents make watching TV together a habit, teens may ________ according to the passage. A．share their problems B．use their phones less C．understand parents better D．work hard on schoolwork 23．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．some words in TV shows may mislead the kids B．educational shows should point out wrong ideas C．checking phones is a good way to know about kids D．parents need to watch different kinds of shows first 24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Benefits of Watching TV Shows for Kids B．How Parents Help Kids Choose TV Shows C．Reasons for Watching TV Together with Kids D．What TV Shows Parents Should Watch with Kids 主题04 人与自我——娱乐 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末） How To Spend Alien Day A          Host An Alien Movie Night You can invite some friends over and take time to watch some of your favourite alien movies together. Either the old ones like E. T. , or newer ones like Alien: Romulus could bring you great fun at home. B          Dress Up As An Alien You can dress up as your favourite alien character, whether it’s from a movie, TV show, or video game... Then have a clothing competition with your friends. If you make the dress yourself, you can get a special prize! C           Make Special Snacks If you are good at cooking, come up with something new in the kitchen. Make some fun and special snacks, such as green-colored cookies, spaceship-shaped sandwiches, or even make your own alien out of fruit. D      Play An Alien VR Game A new one-player VR game called Alien: Rogue Incursion came out last December. In the game, you can play as an alien hunter, and try to save your friends from an alien world. Be careful! Keep yourself safe first! 1. 25 My friends and I want to spend a relaxing night at home. We can watch some alien movies together. 2. 26 I hope I can explore the alien world in a VR game. I’m sure it will be exciting. 3. 27 It makes me happy to cook for my family. This time I’d like to make something special to eat. 主题05 人与自我——学习与健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） I am not very good at languages. But next month, I’m going to Congo in Africa, and I want to learn Lingala, one of the local languages, for basic conversations. I wasn’t sure how I could do this until I found Memo, an app to learn foreign languages. Now I’m using some short breaks to learn Lingala on Memo. It feels just like a game. “People often stop learning things because they feel they’re not getting any growth or because it all feels like too much hard work,” says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memo. “We’re trying to create a kind of learning experience that is fun and something you’d want to do.” Memo is fun. It gives you a few new words to learn, and these are “seeds” (种子) that you plant in your “greenhouse”. When you work on the words, you “water your plants”, and they grow. When the app believes that you have really remembered a word, it moves the word to your “garden”. You get points as your garden grows, so you can compare yourself with other Memo users. You go to the next level when you get a high score. If you forget to log in (登录), the app informs you to “water your plants”. The app uses two rules about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they connect them to a picture in their mind. Memo translates words into your own language, but it also encourages you to use “mems”—pictures that help you remember new words. You can use mems that other users have created, or you can create your own. The second rule is to have a break between studying activities. You should stop after studying words and then come back to them later. Memo helps you with this because you only use it for five or ten minutes a day. I’ve learned hundreds of Lingala words with Memo. I know this won’t make me a perfect speaker, but I hope I can do more than just smile and nod when I meet people in Congo. Now, I need to go and water my vocabulary! 28．Ed Cooke created Memo to help useres to _________. A．spend more time learning B．increase vocabulary faster C．do more vocabulary practice D．find learning more enjoyable 29．What does “water your plants” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Find new words to learn. B．Get a high score in a test. C．Practise the words you’re learning. D．Compare your score with other users’. 30．What can we learn from the passage? A．The writer can have conversations in Lingala freely. B．Users can only use the “mems” created. C．Studying without breaks can help remember new words better. D．Making connections between words and pictures improves learning. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） A few years ago, research by the National Alliance for Youth Sports in the USA found that most young people (around 70%) gave up playing all organised (有组织的) sport by the age of thirteen. This is really surprising because everyone knows that sports are good for our body and mind. According to the research, the main reason that teenagers no longer wanted to take part in any organised sport was that “it’s just not fun any more”. When I was a child, playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends. It didn’t matter if you were not the fastest and most skillful, you still joined in. It was about playing together, learning to win and lose, laughing and crying, but above all enjoying the moment. But now that we are older, sports teachers and coaches only seem to be interested in the few kids who want to take it seriously. The rest of us, who just want to play for fun, get forgotten. As I see it, it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in. Every day we are told to “be the best”, “give 110%” and “never give up”. But what if you just want to do something you aren’t very good at because it’s fun? People also need to remember that life for a teenager is pretty busy. You don’t want to miss out on spending time with friends and developing other interests just because you have to go to sports training five times a week. And let’s not forget school. As we get older, we spend more and more time studying, both at home and at school. What really matters is that sport is so important. Besides the physical advantages, lots of research shows sport can help young people deal with stress (压力). When around 30% of teenagers are experiencing stress, we need to do everything possible to get them to take up a sport. What can we do to make such a big change happen? In my opinion, we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand that, above all else, sport isn’t about being the best, training hard, and winning—it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part. 31．The writer mentions his own experience of playing sports as a child to _________. A．show his excellence in sports B．share his love of playing sports C．describe the true meaning of sport for children D．tell the importance of sport for children’s development 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teenagers should take better care of their minds and bodies. B．Sports training time should not take up students’ study time. C．The culture of success stops teenagers playing organised sport. D．Teenagers need suggestions in managing sports and other things. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn schools of the risk of trying to win in sports. B．To ask for more chances to enjoy playing sports. C．To advise teenagers to take sports seriously. D．To discuss the advantages of playing sports. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——方法与策略 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末） Imagine you are going to give a speech the next day. The night before, you spend a lot of time thinking about the possible mistakes you might make and whether you’re prepared enough. Well, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the same thought again and again, analyzing (分析) the simplest matters or events too much. According to The Conversation, overthinking comes from one of our instincts (本能). The mind will always see things in the worst possible light. Our brains are always looking for threats (威胁), to make a plan to deal with those threats and keep us safe. Some people believe that overthinking may be helpful because it helps us look at a problem from every possible angle (角度) and get ready for what might happen. However, research suggests that overthinking can make us feel worried or nervous. What's more, overthinking might create problems with how you get along with others. As you think the worst, make incorrect guesses, or worry about every little thing others do and say, you might misunderstand their real intentions(意图). So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract yourself for a bit. That means you can take your attention away from what you are trying to do. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, like gardening, or even while you' re sleeping. Also, when you find yourself overthinking, try to question these thoughts. Ask yourself if they make sense and think about other possibilities. It can be hard at first, but recognizing (辨别出) that you are overthinking can help you make a change. 1．According to the passage, overthinking can make people _________. A．have more to worry about B．solve problems easily C．think less about simple events D．get on well with others 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How to stop overthinking. B．What makes overthinking happen. C．Why overthinking is helpful. D．What problems overthinking brings. 3．To stop overthinking, the writer thinks we can _________ . A．try to go over matters or events quickly B．make a plan to deal with possible threats C．turn our attention to something enjoyable D．think of the worst possibility of a problem 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要讨论了过度思考的定义、原因、影响以及如何识别和控制过度思考。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, research suggests that overthinking can make us feel worried or nervous.”可知，过度思考会让人有更多担忧。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“According to The Conversation, overthinking comes from one of our instincts (本能).”可知，本段主要讲述了过度思考发生的原因。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“So, instead of sitting and thinking about a problem again and again, you can distract yourself for a bit. That means you can take your attention away from what you are trying to do.”可知，为了停止过度思考，作者认为我们可以把注意力转移到令人愉快的事情上。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末） Are you an optimist (乐观主义者) or a pessimist (悲观主义者)? Optimists are always hopeful and positive (积极的). Pessimists always expect the worst and see the negative (消极的) side of things. The optimist says, “The glass is half full.” The pessimist says, “The glass is half empty”. Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists. Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁) more often than optimists do. Dr. Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks. After eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had died from another heart attack. Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to succeed. Here’s the good news: Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself. When something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect their whole lives. When something bad happens to optimists, they see it as just one event. They also believe that they can solve the problem, so it won’t happen again. Here’s an example: An optimist and a pessimist take a math test. They are both good students, but both of them fail this test. The pessimist thinks, “I am probably going to fail every test. It is too difficult for me. Nobody will like me because I am a terrible student.” The optimist thinks, “It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.” Be kinder to yourself, be more hopeful, see the glass as half full! 4．What does Dr. Seligman’s study show? A．Optimists are healthier. B．Pessimists are smarter. C．Optimists are depressed. D．Pessimists are terrible. 5．According to the passage, who may succeed more easily? A．The man who is shy. B．The man who is polite. C．The man who is positive. D．The man who is negative. 6．How can one be more optimistic? A．Doing more tests. B．Asking others for help. C．Changing the self-talk way. D．Thinking of bad things. 7．What will the optimists think after failing a test? A．They will fail every test. B．They will do better next time. C．They will give up learning. D．They will become terrible. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者和悲观主义者的不同特点，塞利格曼博士关于乐观主义者更健康、更易成功的研究，以及每个人可通过改变自我对话方式变得更乐观，并以考试为例进行说明。 4．细节理解题。根据“Dr. Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists.”可知，塞利格曼博士研究表明乐观主义者比悲观主义者更健康。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Dr. Seligman also says that optimists are more successful, athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimist views of the world tend to succeed.”可知，乐观主义者即积极的人，故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“Everyone can learn to be more optimistic. The main way is to change the way you talk to yourself.”可知，变得更乐观的主要的方法是改变你对自己说话的方式。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据“The optimist thinks, ‘It was only one test, I am a smart student. I know I can do much better next time.’”可知，乐观主义者会想“我是一个聪明的学生。我知道下次我可以做得更好”。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——爱好 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末） Amy: 8 My favourite saying is “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” I would like to enjoy the fantastic view from the Great Wall. Peter: 9 I like skating a lot and would like to experience life in a cold place. And I am ready to have Russian food. Tom: 10 I am interested in animals, so I plan to get close to pandas. I really hope to be a volunteer to help them. A．China’s CapitalBeijing is the capital city of China. You may see a lot of places of interest, such as Tian’anmen, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace. They tell stories from long ago. Walking in hutongs is a good choice, too. Don’t forget to taste Peking Duck. B．A Modern City Shanghai is a big city with lots of tall buildings. To see the city from high up, why not choose Shanghai Tower? You may also go shopping on Nanjing Road, one of the busiest streets in the city. It’s fun to visit museums here to learn how China is growing fast. C． City of Pandas Chengdu is where you can see pandas. Go to the Giant Panda Breeding Research Base (大熊猫繁育基地) to see them up close and learn how people are helping pandas. The city is famous for its hotpot, too. You can find out what life is like there. D．City of Ice and Snow Harbin is cold and snowy, and it has a big ice festival. The Ice and Snow World is a wonderful place for winter activities where you can have great fun. Besides, there are many Russian-style buildings and you may try some delicious Russian food. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了三个人的各自的爱好及想要做的事情，并介绍了四个旅游地。 8．根据“I would like to enjoy the fantastic view from the Great Wall.”可知，Amy想欣赏一下长城上的美景，A项“中国的首都：北京是中国的首都。你可以看到很多名胜古迹，如天安门、长城和颐和园。他们讲着很久以前的故事。在胡同里散步也是一个不错的选择。别忘了尝尝北京烤鸭。”可满足其需求，与之对应。故选A。 9．根据“I like skating a lot and would like to experience life in a cold place. And I am ready to have Russian food.”可知，Peter喜欢滑冰，喜欢在寒冷的地方体验生活，还准备好吃俄罗斯菜了，D项“冰雪之城：哈尔滨寒冷多雪，而且有一个大型的冰雪节。冰雪大世界是冬季活动的好地方，在那里你可以玩得很开心。此外，有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，你可以尝试一些美味的俄罗斯食物。”可满足其需求，与之对应。故选D。 10．根据“I am interested in animals, so I plan to get close to pandas. I really hope to be a volunteer to help them.”可知，Tom想近距离接触大熊猫，想去做志愿者，C项“熊猫之城：在成都你可以看到熊猫。去大熊猫繁育研究基地近距离观察它们，了解人们是如何帮助大熊猫的。这个城市也以火锅而闻名。你可以发现那里的生活是什么样的。”可满足其需求，与之对应。故选C。 主题03 人与自我——精神品质 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末） Have you heard the saying “If you fall off the horse, get back on.”? It means that things may get difficult, and you may make many mistakes. But you should have the passion (激情) and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance. It can help you get a lot of things. Perseverance means keeping doing something for a long time. It doesn’t matter if it is easy or difficult. For example, you practise a trick on your bike again and again. Or you finish a picture without giving up and start over. These show perseverance. Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, “It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself. I go running with my mum three times a week. Sometimes I feel good and sometimes I don’t. But I still do it because I want to be the fastest in my class. Whether in good situations or bad ones, we need perseverance.” Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier. When you get something you worked hard for and face difficulties on the way, it can develop your confidence and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth is an expert (专家) about people’s thoughts and feelings. She studies perseverance and calls it “grit”. She thinks that having grit is really important for us to succeed. She says, “No matter how talented (有天赋的) you are at something or how well you do in school, you must have grit. When things are hard, perseverance is even more important. It can help you get past the hard times and reach your goals.” Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn. The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind. This means believing that your brain can grow. You can get anything if you put your mind to it. So don’t think, “I can’t do this”, try thinking, “I can’t do this... yet”. As the book The Big Life Journal says, “People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard. They keep trying even when things are difficult.” 11．Why does the writer take Florence for example in Paragraph 2? A．To introduce what perseverance means. B．To talk about how to train running skills. C．To present the advantages of perseverance. D．To show the importance of staying with parents. 12．According to the passage, what can help us reduce stress? A．Developing talents through mistakes. B．Building confidence in hard situations. C．Trying hard for our dreams with hope. D．Keeping doing things without thinking. 13．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Goals are easier to reach in difficult times. B．Talent is the most important for us to succeed. C．Being clever will help us do well in our lessons. D．Knowing we can get better helps us develop grit. 14．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Perseverance B．The Tips to Reach the Goals C．The Ways to Solve Difficulties D．The Meaning of Thinking Habits 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了毅力的定义和重要性，并以实例说明毅力如何帮助人们取得成功。 11．推理判断题。根据“Florence, a 13-year-old girl, says, ‘It means never giving up and trying hard to push yourself...’”可知，作者举Florence的例子是为了介绍毅力的含义。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“Studies show that when you feel hopeful and work for a goal you really want, it can reduce stress (压力) and make you feel happier.”可知，充满希望并为真正想要的目标而努力时可以减轻压力。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据“The best way to learn it is to have a growth mind... People with a growth idea know they can get better by working hard.”可知，拥有成长思维可以帮助人们发展毅力，即知道我们可以变得更好有助于培养毅力。故选D。 14．最佳标题题。本文主要讨论了毅力的力量以及如何培养毅力，因此选项A“毅力的力量”最适合作为标题。故选A。 主题04 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期末） When faced with stress or hardship, who do you turn to for help? Who has the power to lift your spirits? Perhaps it’s your mom or dad, or an understanding friend who really cares about you. We all know that spending time with good friends makes us happier. Scientists have even put this feeling to the test, and have found that teen friendships have to do with psychological  (心理的) well-being. A study of 108 high school students in Australia found that strong friendships were pretty helpful for teens after a stressful event, such as failing a test. Teens being with friends were reported to have lower levels of sadness, jealousy, and worry. In fact, friendship not only provides support in the short term, but also influences a person in general in the long run. The researchers interviewed 169 fifteen-year-old teenagers, and tracked their progress over 10 years. Each year, these people were also asked to do a survey testing their levels of anxiety, depression (压抑), and self-worth. As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth. In addition, another study in the journal Child Development found that having good teenage friendships might help teens become better parents in the future. This is because they show more empathy (同理心) to their close friends, which helps them develop better parenting skills. Dr. Jessica A．Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调), “When you’re a teenager, close friendships are an important ‘training ground’ for developing social skills and learning how to care for others in more mature ways when you grow up.” However, does having many friends necessarily mean more happiness? In fact, having a lot of friends in one’s friend circle doesn’t always bring mental health benefits. Instead, having too many friends can sometimes lead to social anxiety. The key to teen friendships lies not in the number of friends, but in the closeness and quality of a few good ones. It’s the deep understanding and being understood by another person that help teenagers develop necessary social skills for the future. As we can see, friendships during teenage years play a key role in psychological well-being. We always hope that friendships last forever, even if it isn’t always the case. Developing close teen friendships can pave the way for a happier, more worthwhile life ahead. 15．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Having good teen friends brings long-term benefits to a person. B．Having close bonds with family reduces people’s levels of anxiety. C．Teenagers can train their social skills with the help of their parents. D．Good teen friendships help improve physical health in the long run. 16．What does the writer probably agree with? A．Developing close teen friendships helps improve social skills. B．Being with friends is helpful for teens before a stressful event. C．The more friends a teen has, the happier he or she will become. D．Forming close teen relationships in fact lowers one’s self-worth. 17．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the ways to make more friends. B．To explore the true meaning of happiness. C．To stress the difficulty of making real friends. D．To introduce the influence of teen friendships. 【答案】15．A 16．A 17．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年友谊对心理健康的长期重要影响。 15．段落大意题。根据“As the results showed, having close bonds with friends would reduce people’s levels of anxiety, depression, and improve self-worth.”和本段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了拥有良好的青少年朋友会给一个人带来长期的好处。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据“ Dr. Jessica A. Stern, in an interview with Psychology Today, emphasized (强调)… ‘training ground’ for developing social skills”可知，作者可能会同意发展亲密的青少年友谊有助于提高社会技能。故选A。 17．主旨大意题。文章介绍了青少年友谊的影响，尤其是对心理健康和未来发展的重要性。故选D。 主题05 人与社会——科学技术与发明 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴·期末） A robot is a machine with moving parts that performs different tasks according to instructions (指令). We usually see robots in the films. The robots in these films are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. But robots don’t have a long history. In early years, people could use robots to finish the tasks that were boring in the factories. They could also do the tasks in the same steps each time. Robots were good at putting different parts together or moving things. They sometimes did work that was dangerous for humans. For example, they might work deep in the ocean or inside the tanks (罐) filled with dangerous smoke. Today, we can use robots in many different places. It seems that these robots not only move mechanical (机械的) parts but also “think” on their own. Scientists are making robots like guide dogs to help blind people. That makes it possible for the blind to walk around. They usually program the robots to do jobs. A program is a set of computer instructions that tell the robot what to do. Complex (复杂的) robots can do a few things at the same time. In fact, two complex robots are now on Mars, studying the planet. These robots, called the Mars Exploration Rovers, have metal or plastic bodies that help protect (保护) their mechanical parts inside. The computer in a robot acts as its brain and the camera acts as its eyes. These robots have sent photos and information about the surface (表面) of Mars back to Earth. In the future, robots will work in many different ways. Maybe one kind of robots will be able to recognize (辨别) your voice and talk with you. They can work as a service worker or a guard. Another kind of robots will carry packages and open doors. It will walk forward and backward, turn easily without stopping, and climb stairs. It can also keep its balance (平衡) on uneven ground. In our future life, robots may be able to do everything. They can’t take the place of humans, but they can help humans to finish different tasks easier. We are sure that life in the future will be very different from life today with robots’ help. 18．At the beginning of using robots, we usually make them _________. A．do boring or dangerous tasks in the factories B．work as guide dogs to help the blind people C．send the photos back to the earth from Mars D．finish a few different tasks at the same time 19．What can we know from the passage? A．Robot bodies on Mars are covered with metal or plastic. B．It will be easier to make robots think just like humans. C．Robots are going to take the place of us in a few years. D．It’s impossible for robots to do tasks in the same steps. 20．What’s the passage mainly about? A．It shows us what robots will look like in the future. B．It describes the pathway of the robots’ improvement. C．It talks about different shapes of robots in our lives. D．It tells us the experience of creating robots by hand. 【答案】18．A 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文描述了机器人发展的过程以及它们在不同领域的应用，主要讲述了机器人的改进历程。 18．细节理解题。根据“In early years, people could use robots to finish the tasks that were boring in the factories. They could also do the tasks in the same steps each time. Robots were good at putting different parts together or moving things. They sometimes did work that was dangerous for humans.”可知，最初使用机器人时，我们通常让它们在工厂中做无聊或危险的任务。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“These robots, called the Mars Exploration Rovers, have metal or plastic bodies that help protect (保护) their mechanical parts inside.”可知，位于火星上的机器人，其身体由金属或塑料覆盖。故选A。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述了机器人发展的过程以及它们在不同领域的应用，主要讲述了机器人的改进历程。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京西城·期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious (焦虑的). If the feelings of anxiety become too strong, they can make you unwell. Usually, we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better. But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve (涉及) medicine. So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety. Our team was made up of scientists from several fields. We built a few different robotic cushions, and each one offered a different calming experience, like the feeling of breathing (呼吸), a heartbeat, and one of them even had colorful lights inside. We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best. Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing. So, we decided to work more on that one. For our final cushion, we made it bigger so it was easier to hug. We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the “breathing”. We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer. Now, we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety, so we did a test. The test had to do three things: make people feel anxious, check their anxiety levels, and compare the effect (效果) of the cushion to something else. We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others. Afterwards, we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten. To see how well the cushion worked, we put people into three groups. Group A used the breathing cushion, Group B tried meditating (冥想), and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety. After 10 minutes, we asked them to score their anxiety levels again. We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly. And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety. Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice, but hugging a cushion is easy! And, you could hug the cushion while doing other things. By doing more research like this, we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better. What do you think? Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you’re worried? 21．The scientists made the robotic cushion to ________. A．help people call for doctors B．make the home pretty C．help people feel less worried D．tell people when to take medicine 22．What is the final cushion like? A．It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat. B．It has a robotic part to make it “breathe”. C．It comes in all shapes and sizes. D．It has colorful lights inside. 23．What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A．People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions. B．The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation. C．The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems. D．The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly 24．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show how to use a robotic cushion. B．To introduce a product that helps with anxiety. C．To warn people about the dangers of being worried D．To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 【导语】本文介绍了研究人员制作机器人抱枕来缓解焦虑的过程及测试结果，发现呼吸抱枕能有效减轻焦虑，且使用方便，可为需要不同方式缓解焦虑的人提供帮助。 21．细节理解题。根据“So, we made a robotic cushion (抱枕) to help manage anxiety.”可知科学家制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助管理焦虑。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion, to control (控制) the ‘breathing’”可知它有一个机器人部件，可以将空气推入和推出垫子内的气球，以控制“呼吸”。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly”可知发现拥抱呼吸抱枕的人比那些只是静静地坐着的人焦虑得少，可见该测试比较了拥抱垫子和安静坐着的效果。故选D。 24．主旨大意题。本文介绍了研究人员制作机器人抱枕来缓解焦虑的过程及测试结果，发现呼吸抱枕能有效减轻焦虑，且使用方便，可为需要不同方式缓解焦虑的人提供帮助，所以文章是介绍了一种有助于缓解焦虑的产品。故选B。 主题06 人与自我——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末） Have you ever found yourself scrolling through some video platforms, only to stop and watch a video breaking down your favorite movie or book? You’ re not alone. Literary and film analyses (分析) have become increasingly popular on video platforms. These videos usually last less than five minutes. However, some viral ones can run for as long as several hours. Regardless of the length, there’s a good reason why video analyses have become so popular on video platforms (视频平台). First, let’s face it: Everyone loves a good story. Whether it’s the exciting plot twists (剧情反转) of a popular movie or the deep, meaningful themes of a classic novel, stories attract us. However, understanding the full depth of these stories can be challenging, especially when they’re packed with symbolism (象征意义), hidden meanings and complex characters. This is where literary and film analyses come in. They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them. Analyzing literature and film is like solving a puzzle. Sometimes you just need a little help getting started, especially if you’re a student. Watching a well-made video analysis can provide insights that help you make your own thoughts clear, making it easier to deal with that challenging essay or participate in a class discussion. Plus, they often explain difficult concepts (概念) in an interesting way. Beyond homework support, these analyses offer a way to connect with others who share your interests. Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts. It’s like joining a book club or movie night, but with people from all over the world. The rise of video platforms means that anyone with passion for storytelling can create content, allowing for various voices and perspectives (视角), and more inclusive (包容性强的) analyses. Whether it’s a fresh idea about a Shakespearean classic or a deep research on the latest Marvel movie, there’s something for everyone. In a world where content is king, video analyses provide an attractive way to dive deeper into the stories that shape our culture. Thus, the next time you’ re interested in an essay or just want to understand your favourite movie or novel a little better, consider hitting “play”. You might just learn something new. 25．What is the writer’s opinion on video analyses? A．They can help you join a movie club. B．They can be popular because they are short. C．They can affect your culture in different ways. D．They can give you a deep understanding of stories. 26．According to the passage, what can we do in the analysis videos? A．We can play a popular film. B．We can post a piece of news. C．We can give some English learning tips. D．We can show opinions of reading books. 27．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Making Some Analysis Videos B．Using Video Platforms Reasonably C．Hitting Play on That Analysis Video D．Searching Video Platforms for Information 【答案】25．D 26．D 27．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了视频分析的流行及其给人们带来的影响和帮助。 25．细节理解题。根据“They help us see things we might have missed and deepen our understanding of them.”可知，作者认为视频分析可以帮助我们深入理解故事。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据“Fans of the same books, movies or shows often come together in the comments section to share their thoughts.”可知，在分析视频中，我们可以展示阅读书籍的意见。故选D。 27．最佳标题题。整篇文章围绕视频分析的好处展开，结尾处呼吁读者下次感兴趣时可以考虑点击播放。因此，最适合的标题是“点击播放分析视频”。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京顺义·期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year. The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles (1,127 km) in a single day to return to its home. How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7,500 miles (12,070 km) across the Pacific Ocean? The answer is animals have a variety of super skills. Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around, other times they sense things our bodies can’t feel. In a long-distance animal migration (迁徙), there are no sign posts or roads to follow, but there’s always the Sun. The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico. Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night. While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars, many animals do something we can’t: find their way by sensing Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year. Wolves, dogs, birds, butterflies, sea turtles, and many other animals also sense magnetic fields. Scientists have found magnetite in birds’ beaks (鸟喙). Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds. Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way. Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water. Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean. Many animals, including some whales, some birds, and bats, use echolocation (回声定位) to find their way around. Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation. The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps. The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water’s flow. Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast. Honey bees know the forests, rivers, and roads that lead to the nest. Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can’t overcome: humans. Logging and farming are destroying forests. We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night. Climate change confuses long-distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing. Fortunately, scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked. These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development. While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals, we can help them on their journeys, too. 28．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars. B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest. C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico. D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth’s magnetic field. 29．What does the word “disturb” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Making animals more tired. B．Making animals more active. C．Making animals lose their way. D．Making animals move quickly. 30．What is the passage mainly about? A．The amazing skills of animals. B．The different senses of animals. C．The good ways to save animals. D．The key points to protect animals. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文介绍了不同动物使用的各种导航技能，包括利用太阳、星星、地磁场、嗅觉、听觉等方法进行长途迁徙，以及人类活动如何影响动物导航，并探讨了可以帮助动物的方法。 28．细节理解题。根据“Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year. … also sense magnetic fields.”可知，Bonnethead sharks是通过感知地球的磁场来导航的。故选D。 29．词义猜测题。根据“We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night.”可知，夜间城市灯光会干扰通过星星导航的动物，由此推测出“disturb”表示让动物迷失方向。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了动物为了迁徙而使用的各种导航本领。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京延庆·期末） When you build a house, you use a blueprint. What’s a blueprint? In general, a blueprint is a drawing that shows how to put a house together with many different parts. DNA is the blueprint of life. But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house. It takes millions of years for nature to change the DNA in living things to make them fit the world they live in. This is the shape of DNA． How tall are you? What color are your eyes? What size are your feet? All these things are strongly influenced by your DNA before you are born! DNA is fantastic! Except for some twins, every living thing has its own unique DNA．Some health problems can be caused by problems in your DNA．Scientists can look for these problems and, sometimes, help you before you become sick. In the future, scientists might be able to change your DNA． There are copies of your DNA in every part of your body. For example, your finger has the same DNA as your hair. You have your own unique DNA．But it repeats patterns from your parents’ DNA．From your DNA, scientists can identify not only you, but also people who are related to you. Your parents and grandparents are related to you, and you have their DNA．Your DNA has billions of instructions that explain why you are the way you are. It is one of the most amazing things on the earth! 31．DNA is something that ________. A．helps you grow up fast B．helps you change the world C．you use to build your house D．your body uses to build itself 32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Your DNA isn’t in your hair. B．DNA is different in your body parts. C．Your DNA comes from your parents. D．Your family members have the same DNA． 33．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? A．DNA—the Story of Your Body B．DNA—the Secret of Your Height C．DNA—the Way of Your Thinking D．DNA—the Problem of Your Body 【答案】31．D 32．C 33．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了DNA，将其比作生命的蓝图，阐述了DNA对生物的重要性，如影响人的外貌特征、具有独特性、与遗传的关系等。 31．细节理解题。根据“DNA is the blueprint of life. But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house. It takes millions of years for nature to change the DNA in living things to make them fit the world they live in.”可知，DNA是生命的蓝图，生物依靠它来构建自身，就如同房子依照蓝图搭建，所以DNA是身体用来构建自身的东西。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据“You have your own unique DNA. But it repeats patterns from your parents’ DNA.”可知，你的DNA来自你的父母。故选C。 33．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章整体围绕DNA展开，讲述了它与生命、身体特征、遗传等方面的关系，是关于身体的故事，A选项“DNA——你身体的故事”最能概括文章内容，是最佳标题。故选A。 主题01 人与自我——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山·期末） Think about how much time you spent outside last week. Really“outside”. Walking from the car into the mall doesn’t count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—on the Internet or playing video games or watching TV. You may say, “I play inside more than outside and I like to play games on the computer.” If so, it’s likely that you spent more time inside four walls than outside in fresh air. Kids today spend two fewer hours per week on sports and outdoor activities than kids did 20 years ago.That’s according to a University of Michigan study. Non-moving activities are more popular. The costs “include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,” says Richard Louv, writer of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Playing is important, even for adults (成人). Just getting outdoors does wonders. Outdoor activity betters your senses. The next time you sit down to message your friends, take note of your senses during and after your texting. Then do the same experiment after you’ve done something outside. You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller. She’s a professor of exercise and sports sciences at Ithaca College in New York. “Smell, sight... all of your senses are in use when you’re outside.” Outdoor play frees your mind. Are you stressed out? Having trouble putting your mind to what you’re doing? Too much time indoors, away from the natural world, may be a cause (起因). Louv uses a term to describe the set of problems caused by too much time indoors: nature-deficit disorder. He says, “I use it to describe the price we pay for being away from nature.” Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment. When you’re out, breathe in fresh air, hear the leaves crackle’(噼啪作响) underfoot and search for cool birds and plants in the woods. It can help you feel more connected (有联系的) to the natural world. No woods nearby? Nature can be found right outside your back door or in your local park. So the next time you sit down to spend time with a video game, think about treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Playing outside is more important for kids than adults. B．Kids spend more time outdoors now than twenty years ago. C．Being so close to nature is the cause of nature-deficit disorder. D．Non-moving activities bring problems for both mind and body. 2．What does the word “hone” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Protect. B．Improve. C．Share. D．Record. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss how to get closer to nature. B．To explain why people like to play indoors. C．To encourage people to spend time outdoors. D．To introduce different kinds of outdoor activities. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“The costs ‘include overweight, greater stress (压力), higher possibility of physical and emotional (情绪上的) illness and less joy…,’”可知不动的活动会产生一些代价，包括超重、更大的压力、更高的身体和精神疾病发病率以及更少的快乐。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“You will find being outdoors brings the senses to life. ‘Hiking, exploring, and fishing help hone all of your senses’”可知，徒步旅行、探险和钓鱼有助于磨练你的所有感官，故此处划线部分和improve意义相近。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了户外运动的好处。鼓励人们多进行户外运动。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京通州·期末） Your mind and body are connected (联系的). How you think can affect (影响) how you feel and how you feel can affect your thinking. An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems. On the other hand, pain (疼痛) or a health problem can affect your emotions (情绪). You might become sad and stressed. And this could affect how you face your illness. But your mind can have a positive (积极的) effect on your health, too. Having a positive outlook on life might help you better handle pain or stress. And it can help you stay healthier than someone who is less hopeful. ________ Your brain produces things that can help with your health. These things include endorphins (内啡肽), which are natural painkillers. Research shows that what your brain produces depends in part on your thoughts, feelings, and expectations. If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly. Negative (负面的) thoughts and emotions can keep your brain from producing some of the chemicals that help your body heal. Although people can’t cure (治愈) all the illness, your thoughts and state of mind are the resources (资源) you can use to get better. How does stress affect you? When you are stressed, your body responds as though you are in danger. It makes hormones (激素) that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. If the stress is over quickly, your body goes back to normal and no harm is done. But if stress happens too often or lasts too long, it can have bad effects. Long-term stress can make you more likely to get sick, and it can make symptoms of some diseases worse. If you tense up (紧张) when you are stressed, you may have neck, shoulder, or low back pain. Stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease. Stress also harms your emotional health. It can make you sad, angry or depressed and you may not do well at work or school. But when you are able to relax your mind and body, your body stops producing the hormones that create stress and you return to a state of calm again. 4．The writer uses the example to show ________. A．stress and worries are good for our health B．problems can be solved when people worry about them C．our mind and body have strong connections D．illness can affect our body but can’t affect our mind 5．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraphs 5-7? A．How do your thoughts and feelings affect your health? B．What does your brain produce when you are worried? C．What chemicals can help your body heal? D．How do negative thoughts help people cure the illness? 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．Positive ideas can help people cure all illness. B．A positive attitude will raise your body’s healing power. C．Short-term stress can harm your body badly. D．Long-term stress can help improve emotional health. 7．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To encourage people to have a positive outlook on life. B．To show stress has a positive effect on people’s life. C．To tell why stress affects people’s health. D．To explain how people feel when they are ill. 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文主要阐述了身心紧密相连，一方面，压力等负面情绪会引发身体不适，身体疾病也会影响情绪；另一方面，积极心态能助力身体康复，大脑产生的物质受思维、情感影响。作者旨在鼓励人们拥有积极的生活态度。 4．细节理解题。根据“An example of this mind-body connection is how your body responds (回应) to stress (压力). Long-term worry and stress over jobs or other problems can cause headaches, and stomach problems. It may also lead to high blood pressure or other serious problems.”可知，这种身心联系的一个例子是你的身体对压力的反应。对工作或其他问题的长期担忧和压力会导致头痛和胃病。它还可能导致高血压或其他严重的问题。故作者使用这些例子是为了说明身心是紧密相连的。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读第5-7段，可知，第五段提到大脑产生的物质对健康有帮助；第六段讲述大脑产生物质部分取决于人的想法、感受和期望，并介绍了积极的想法和情绪有助于身体康复，第七段则讲述了负面思想和情绪会阻碍大脑产生有助于身体康复的化学物质，尽管人们无法治愈所有疾病，但思想和心态是可助力身体好转的资源。故这三段主要是在讲想法和感受是如何影响健康的。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“If you’re sick but you have hope and a positive attitude and you believe that you’ll get better, your brain is likely to produce chemicals that will help your body heal (康复) quickly.”可知，如果你生病了，但你有希望和积极的态度，你相信你会好起来的，你的大脑可能会产生化学物质，帮助你的身体快速愈合。即积极的态度会提高你身体的治愈能力。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了身心紧密相连，一方面，压力等负面情绪会引发身体不适，身体疾病也会影响情绪；另一方面，积极心态能助力身体康复，大脑产生的物质受思维、情感影响。整体是在鼓励人们拥有积极的生活态度。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维). So, what is spatial thinking, and is it possible to become a good spatial thinker? Spatial thinking allows us to control objects in our mind. When we imagine how to arrange (排列) our bedroom or find our way home, we are using spatial thinking. It is also important for learning maths. We use it to study and understand the relationships between shapes (形状), spaces and areas. In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning. This connection makes sense. Just think about the skills needed for maths, physics and other STEM subjects. For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系). The good news is that spatial skills are not set in stone and can be improved. One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind. This has been connected to stronger science and math performance and can be improved through training. Younger children can practice visualization by imagining how to move jigsaw (拼图) pieces in their minds. Older children can use visualization when rearranging maths formulae (公式). Small world play with dollhouses or toy farm sets, for example, can help children understand spatial scale (尺度) differences. Scientists have also found that using toys like building blocks (积木) is good for spatial skills. As a final example, children who hear more spatial language may have stronger spatial skills. Words like “in”, “on” and “next to” help children understand the spatial relationships between objects. More difficult words include “parallel” and “separate”. Together with hand movements, they can help children learn difficult spatial concepts (概念). Spatial abilities have a huge influence (影响) on how we get around in our day to day lives. What’s more, taking more chances to practice our spatial thinking might also improve our STEM learning. Let us make space to develop our spatial thinking! 8．You will most probably need spatial thinking when you ________. A．study family relationships B．create a sad story in your mind C．learn English by watching movies D．use a map to find the way to a museum 9．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce STEM subjects. B．To describe some spatial skills. C．To show the importance of spatial ability. D．To explain the relationships of chemicals. 10．What do you know about spatial thinking from the passage? A．Imagining a picture in mind can improve spatial skills. B．Moving bands may trouble children’s spatial thinking. C．Hearing difficult words can help to learn spatial concepts. D．Listing formulae helps understand spatial scale differences. 11．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show the influence of spatial skills. B．To advise people to train spatial thinking. C．To discuss the advantages of spatial thinking. D．To compare different ways to improve spatial skills. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文围绕空间思维的重要性及其改善方式展开，并建议人们多练习空间思维。 8．推理判断题。根据“Do you often have to try more than once before you fit a pair of shoes correctly into their box? How well can you catch a ball? Are you good at giving directions? All of these everyday activities need spatial thinking (空间思维).”可知，用地图找到去博物馆的路需要用到空间思维。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据“In fact, science shows that spatial ability plays an important part in many aspects of STEM learning”以及“For example, the spatial layout of the periodic table (元素周期表) helps us to understand chemical relationships (化学关系).”可知，作者通过举元素周期表作为例子说明空间能力的重要性，因此该段主要目的是说明空间能力的重要性，故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据“One of the easiest ways is visualization. It means creating a mental picture of something in your mind.”可知，通过想象在头脑中创造图像能提高空间技能，故选A。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，文章围绕空间思维的重要性及其改善方式展开，最后一段建议人们多练习空间思维。因此，文章主要目的是建议人们训练空间思维，故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） There are several kinds of distances people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate, personal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family. Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group. Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themselves from others. Since proxemics (距离效应学) is a new science, there aren’t many conclusions about the meaning of space separating people. But you can make some general observations (观察) on your own. Take notes about how you use space in different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does distance give you a feeling that you are being ignored (忽视)? When do you feel crowded? Standing in a line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enough distance between each other so that they don’t invade (侵犯) each other’s area. If you move into another person’s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, “Please step back. I’m too crowded.” School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own area. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do you feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it belongs to you. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask that person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each other, space can tell you indeed. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether people respect one another’s areas. Invading other people’s space might mean trouble. 12．From the passage we can learn that ________ A．close distance can make you feel comfortable B．personal distance is between family members C．close or not, there is distance between people D．one must keep enough distance from others 13．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．You must protect your area from others’ invading it. B．Distance can tell the relationship between people. C．Scientists are studying why there are kinds of distances. D．Space among people is something important for us. 14．What does the sentence “Please step back. I’m too crowded” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．You’re standing too close to me. B．Go away or I am leaving. C．Come and see I am here. D．You take all my area as yours. 15．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How interesting distance is B．Space does speak indeed C．Distance can be everywhere D．One should own his space 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了人与人之间的距离：亲密的，个人的，社会的和公众的。无论人们是亲密的还是遥远的，空间都可以告诉你，空间对话中最重要的是人们是否尊重对方的领域，侵犯别人的空间可能意味着麻烦。 12．推理判断题。根据“Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politicians, and leaders before a large group.”可知，人与人之间的距离可能是聚会上人们之间的距离。社交距离更为商业化和正式化。公众距离是演员、政治家和领导人在一大群人面前使用的。可知，不管近不近，人与人之间都有距离。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据“Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances.” 可知，科学家们正试图找出人们如何利用这些不同的距离。以及下文的叙述可知，距离可以分辨人与人之间的关系。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据“That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, ‘Please step back. I’m too crowded.’”那个人会变得紧张或者转过身来向你展示他或她的愤怒表情。或者那个人可能会简单地告诉你，“请退后一步。我太挤了。”可知，如果有人说“Please step back. I’m too crowded.”是表示你离别人太近了。故选A。 15．最佳标题题。本文介绍了人与人之间的距离：亲密的，个人的，社会的和公众的。无论人们是亲密的还是遥远的，空间都可以告诉你，空间对话中最重要的是人们是否尊重对方的领域，侵犯别人的空间可能意味着麻烦。可知，空间确实能说话。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——动植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京丰台·期末） Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of animals around the world are facing different kinds of threats (威胁). They are in danger and in need of protection and conservation efforts. Among these threatened animals, one that needs special mention is the koala. It is close to being an endangered animal. Interestingly, the koala is partly to blame (承担责任) for its decline. Koalas are too stubborn (固执的) for their own good! When you were younger, were you a picky eater? Did your parents have to ask you to eat things that were good for you? Hopefully you listened to what they taught you and ate your dinner. Koalas are picky eaters. They live in tall eucalyptus (桉树)  trees. Koalas eat the leaves of those trees. Since there are over 600 different kinds of eucalyptus trees, koalas should have no trouble finding food. But koalas are picky! They only want certain eucalyptus tree leaves to eat. Out of the 600 kinds of trees, koalas will only eat the leaves of about 120 kinds of eucalyptus trees. Some are even pickier than that. The koalas of a specific area will only eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. They would rather starve (挨饿) than eat the other kinds. Now that’s stubborn! At present, koalas also face many threats in the wild, from deforestation, drought, disease, habitat loss (丧失) to climate change. For example, the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season was one of the most deadly wildfires ever experienced, leading to the big loss of the tree—hugging koalas. However, the biggest problem for koalas now is that the brush (灌木丛) land in Australia is being cut down. Towns and cities are pushing farther into the brush. Since many koalas live there, they are losing their tree homes and the tree leaves that feed them. Today, scientists think that there are less than 100,000 koalas left in the wild. Luckily, governments have made laws (法律) to protect them. If we don’t act now, koalas on the east coast of Australia could disappear forever by 2050. 16．The word “decline” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．movement B．drop C．appearance D．increase 17．What do you know about koalas from Paragraph 4? A．Koalas have trouble finding eucalyptus leaves. B．Koalas eat about 600 kinds of eucalyptus leaves. C．Pickier koalas eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. D．Pickier koalas eat other kinds of eucalyptus leaves when hungry. 18．What is the main reason for koalas to be almost endangered? A．Wildfires leads to the big loss of koalas. B．Human action causes homes and food loss. C．Koalas only eat certain eucalyptus tree leaves. D．Governments don’t make laws to protect koalas. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了考拉这种动物，介绍了它们的生活习性，以及目前面临的生存危机。 16．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“It is close to being an endangered animal. Interestingly, the koala is partly to blame for its decline.”可知，考拉接近成为一种濒危动物，有趣的是，考拉本身需要承担部分它数量减少的责任。因此可以推断出decline意为“减少”。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The koalas of a specific area will only eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves.”可知，更挑剔的考拉吃大约四种或五种桉树叶子。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, the biggest problem for koalas now is that the brush land in Australia is being cut down. Towns and cities are pushing farther into the brush. Since many koalas live there, they are losing their tree homes and the tree leaves that feed them.”可知，人类活动使考拉失去家园和食物，导致考拉数量减少。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京朝阳·期末） For humans, giving a smile is an easy way to avoid misunderstanding. A new study shows bottlenose dolphins may use a similar (相似的) way when playing with each other. The study in The Journal Science found that dolphins make an open-mouthed expression, like a “smile”, during play. Researchers from Italy and France watched 22 dolphins in France. They watched the dolphins play with each other, with their human trainers, and alone. The scientists found that dolphins “smiled” almost always when in their playmates’ view, and their playmates “smiled” back about one-third of the time. This suggests it is a form of communication. By “smiling” at each other, dolphins may stop their games from turning into real fights because of misunderstandings. However, dolphin communication scientist Heather Hill warns against extrapolating too much. She says, “Dolphins do open their mouths during play, which seems like communication. But I wouldn’t call it a ‘smile’ because they also open their mouths in other situations, such as during aggression (攻击) or when they are alone.” Dolphins are loved for their playfulness, rich social lives, and complex (复杂的) communication, but no one has studied dolphins’ facial expressions during play before. However, scientists have studied other mammals (哺乳动物), like humans and monkeys. They communicate with open-mouthed, smile-like expressions when playing. The study found that 92% of the time dolphins used the open-mouth expression was when playing with each other, not with humans or alone. In aggressive or relaxing activities like swimming, the “smiling” expression was not watched. The researchers also noted the importance of using sound to communicate during play. They think future studies should listen to these sounds because they didn’t get to record them this time. People looked after all dolphins and watched them. Hill noted that the “smiling” behaviours may happen in the wild too, but less often, as wild dolphins spend more time looking for food and staying away from danger. “The next step is to study wild dolphins in similar situations,” she said. 19．What can we learn about the dolphins’ “smile” from the passage? A．Dolphins smile to turn real fights into playful games. B．Dolphins’ smiles might act as a way of communication. C．Dolphins don’t smile in the wild because they are busy. D．Dolphins smile to make special sounds to help make friends. 20．The underlined word “extrapolating” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．reducing B．watching C．agreeing D．guessing 21．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To suggest more studies of dolphins in the wild. B．To tell how scientists studied dolphins’ social lives. C．To show the findings on dolphins’ smile-like expressions. D．To compare dolphins’ and humans’ behaviours during play. 【答案】19．B 20．D 21．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家对海豚在玩耍时出现的类似“微笑”的表情进行研究的情况，以及这一发现可能意味着海豚之间的一种交流方式。 19．细节理解题。根据“By ‘smiling’ at each other, dolphins may stop their games from turning into real fights because of misunderstandings.”可知海豚的微笑可能是一种交流方式。故选B。 20．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Dolphins do open their mouths during play, which seems like communication. But I wouldn’t call it a ‘smile’ because they also open their mouths in other situations, such as during aggression (攻击) or when they are alone”可知海豚在玩耍时确实会张嘴，这看起来像是在交流。但海豚在其他情况下也会张嘴，比如在攻击时或独处时，所以海豚张嘴的行为并不一定代表它们在“微笑”。由此推知画线词意思是“猜测”。故选D。 21．主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了海豚在玩耍时会出现类似“微笑”的表情，并介绍了科学家对这一现象的研究发现，以及未来对野生海豚在类似情境下的研究计划，可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是展示关于海豚微笑般表情的研究发现。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——家庭 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末） Teens are now watching “TV” on their phones, iPads, and computers as well as TVs. This can make it hard for parents to know what their teens are watching. They may be watching shows parents don’t want them to watch. But when parents spend time watching with their teens, it can have big benefits (益处) for both of them. The middle school years are the time when kids start to pull away from parents. They start to get closer to their friends. It’s a good idea for parents to watch with their kids, because in that way, they can know what are going on in their kids’ worlds. And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems. Without this kind of family time, kids might stop parents from checking on what they’re watching as they get older. When it comes to educational (教育的) shows like Sesame Street, parents can help kids learn more by watching with them. Young kids learn from lots of back-and-forth interactions (互动). So parents should ask their children about what they’re watching and answer their kids’ questions to improve learning. This can be true even when the show is not educational or even very good. A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true. But when parents watch with school-aged kids and point out these wrong ideas, it teaches kids to question them. If parents see someone in a show treating another person badly, they should ask their children what they would do if they saw someone being unkind like that or if someone was mean to them that way. Watching “TV” can be an important learning experience if parents and their children watch actively together. It is a good way to form a stronger and closer parent-child relationship. Also, parents are able to guide children to grow up healthily and happily. 22．When parents make watching TV together a habit, teens may ________ according to the passage. A．share their problems B．use their phones less C．understand parents better D．work hard on schoolwork 23．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．some words in TV shows may mislead the kids B．educational shows should point out wrong ideas C．checking phones is a good way to know about kids D．parents need to watch different kinds of shows first 24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Benefits of Watching TV Shows for Kids B．How Parents Help Kids Choose TV Shows C．Reasons for Watching TV Together with Kids D．What TV Shows Parents Should Watch with Kids 【答案】22．A 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如今通过多种电子设备观看节目，父母难以知晓其观看内容，而亲子一起观看节目益处颇多，比如增进对孩子世界的了解、助力学习、引导正确价值观等，有助于构建亲密亲子关系、助力孩子健康成长。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“And when parents make watching together a habit, their teens are more likely to tell parents about their problems.”可知，当父母孩子养成一起看电视的习惯时，孩子更有可能告诉父母他们的问题。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据第四段“A lot of shows use impolite words to describe some people. When kids watch alone, they’re more likely to believe these ideas about people are true.”可知，很多节目用不礼貌的词语来形容一些人。当孩子们独自观看时，他们更有可能相信这些关于人的想法是正确的。由此推知作者认为一些节目里的话语会误导孩子。故选A。 24．最佳标题题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍的是父母陪孩子看电视的各种好处及原因。故选C。 主题04 人与自我——娱乐 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京昌平·期末） How To Spend Alien Day A          Host An Alien Movie Night You can invite some friends over and take time to watch some of your favourite alien movies together. Either the old ones like E. T. , or newer ones like Alien: Romulus could bring you great fun at home. B          Dress Up As An Alien You can dress up as your favourite alien character, whether it’s from a movie, TV show, or video game... Then have a clothing competition with your friends. If you make the dress yourself, you can get a special prize! C           Make Special Snacks If you are good at cooking, come up with something new in the kitchen. Make some fun and special snacks, such as green-colored cookies, spaceship-shaped sandwiches, or even make your own alien out of fruit. D      Play An Alien VR Game A new one-player VR game called Alien: Rogue Incursion came out last December. In the game, you can play as an alien hunter, and try to save your friends from an alien world. Be careful! Keep yourself safe first! 1. 25 My friends and I want to spend a relaxing night at home. We can watch some alien movies together. 2. 26 I hope I can explore the alien world in a VR game. I’m sure it will be exciting. 3. 27 It makes me happy to cook for my family. This time I’d like to make something special to eat. 【答案】25．A 26．D 27．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何度过外星人日。 25．根据“Peter: My friends and I want to spend a relaxing night at home. We can watch some alien movies together.”可知，彼得想在家里度过一个放松的夜晚。可以一起看一些外星人电影。选项A“举办一个外星人电影之夜”与之对应。故选A。 26．根据“Kate: I hope I can explore the alien world in a VR game. I’m sure it will be exciting.”可知，凯特希望可以在VR游戏中探索外星世界。选项D“玩外星人VR游戏”与之对应。故选D。 27．根据“Mark: It makes me happy to cook for my family. This time I’d like to make something special to eat.”可知，为家人做饭让马克很开心。这次他想做点特别的东西吃。选项C“制作特别的小吃”与之对应。故选C。 主题05 人与自我——学习与健康 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） I am not very good at languages. But next month, I’m going to Congo in Africa, and I want to learn Lingala, one of the local languages, for basic conversations. I wasn’t sure how I could do this until I found Memo, an app to learn foreign languages. Now I’m using some short breaks to learn Lingala on Memo. It feels just like a game. “People often stop learning things because they feel they’re not getting any growth or because it all feels like too much hard work,” says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memo. “We’re trying to create a kind of learning experience that is fun and something you’d want to do.” Memo is fun. It gives you a few new words to learn, and these are “seeds” (种子) that you plant in your “greenhouse”. When you work on the words, you “water your plants”, and they grow. When the app believes that you have really remembered a word, it moves the word to your “garden”. You get points as your garden grows, so you can compare yourself with other Memo users. You go to the next level when you get a high score. If you forget to log in (登录), the app informs you to “water your plants”. The app uses two rules about learning. The first is that people remember things better when they connect them to a picture in their mind. Memo translates words into your own language, but it also encourages you to use “mems”—pictures that help you remember new words. You can use mems that other users have created, or you can create your own. The second rule is to have a break between studying activities. You should stop after studying words and then come back to them later. Memo helps you with this because you only use it for five or ten minutes a day. I’ve learned hundreds of Lingala words with Memo. I know this won’t make me a perfect speaker, but I hope I can do more than just smile and nod when I meet people in Congo. Now, I need to go and water my vocabulary! 28．Ed Cooke created Memo to help useres to _________. A．spend more time learning B．increase vocabulary faster C．do more vocabulary practice D．find learning more enjoyable 29．What does “water your plants” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Find new words to learn. B．Get a high score in a test. C．Practise the words you’re learning. D．Compare your score with other users’. 30．What can we learn from the passage? A．The writer can have conversations in Lingala freely. B．Users can only use the “mems” created. C．Studying without breaks can help remember new words better. D．Making connections between words and pictures improves learning. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．D 【导语】本文主要讲述作者为去刚果交流，用外语学习应用Memo学林加拉语，介绍了其趣味玩法与学习规则，作者借此学到不少单词，期望借此更好地交流。 28．细节理解题。根据“says Ed Cooke, one of the people who created Memo. ‘We’re trying to create a kind of learning experience that is fun and something you’d want to do.’”可知，Ed Cooke创建Memo是为了帮助用户更愉快地学习。故选D。 29．词句猜测题。根据“When you work on the words, you ‘water your plants’, and they grow”和“If you forget to log in (登录), the app informs you to ‘water your plants’.”可知，对这些单词进行学习、巩固等操作时就像是“给植物浇水”，故此处划线部分指代的是“练习正在学习的单词”。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“The first is that people remember things better when they connect them to a picture in their mind.”可知，在单词和图片之间建立联系有助于学习。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京东城·期末） A few years ago, research by the National Alliance for Youth Sports in the USA found that most young people (around 70%) gave up playing all organised (有组织的) sport by the age of thirteen. This is really surprising because everyone knows that sports are good for our body and mind. According to the research, the main reason that teenagers no longer wanted to take part in any organised sport was that “it’s just not fun any more”. When I was a child, playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends. It didn’t matter if you were not the fastest and most skillful, you still joined in. It was about playing together, learning to win and lose, laughing and crying, but above all enjoying the moment. But now that we are older, sports teachers and coaches only seem to be interested in the few kids who want to take it seriously. The rest of us, who just want to play for fun, get forgotten. As I see it, it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in. Every day we are told to “be the best”, “give 110%” and “never give up”. But what if you just want to do something you aren’t very good at because it’s fun? People also need to remember that life for a teenager is pretty busy. You don’t want to miss out on spending time with friends and developing other interests just because you have to go to sports training five times a week. And let’s not forget school. As we get older, we spend more and more time studying, both at home and at school. What really matters is that sport is so important. Besides the physical advantages, lots of research shows sport can help young people deal with stress (压力). When around 30% of teenagers are experiencing stress, we need to do everything possible to get them to take up a sport. What can we do to make such a big change happen? In my opinion, we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand that, above all else, sport isn’t about being the best, training hard, and winning—it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part. 31．The writer mentions his own experience of playing sports as a child to _________. A．show his excellence in sports B．share his love of playing sports C．describe the true meaning of sport for children D．tell the importance of sport for children’s development 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Teenagers should take better care of their minds and bodies. B．Sports training time should not take up students’ study time. C．The culture of success stops teenagers playing organised sport. D．Teenagers need suggestions in managing sports and other things. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn schools of the risk of trying to win in sports. B．To ask for more chances to enjoy playing sports. C．To advise teenagers to take sports seriously. D．To discuss the advantages of playing sports. 【答案】31．C 32．C 33．B 【导语】本文阐述了作者对于运动的理解。 31．细节理解题。根据“...playing sports was all about having a good time with my friends”和描述儿童时期运动的美好时光可知，是为了描述儿童运动的真正意义，即参与运动是为了享受乐趣、与朋友交往，而不是追求成为最优秀的运动员。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“it isn’t just sport that is the problem; it’s the whole culture of success that we live in”可知，是成功文化阻碍了青少年参与有组织的体育运动。故选C。 33．主旨大意题。结合全文以及“we need schools, sports organisations and governments to understand… it’s about having fun, making friends, and taking part”可知，作者期望更多机会享受运动的乐趣，而不是仅限于竞争和培训目的，强调运动的乐趣和参与。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $