期中复习讲义Unit 3～4 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语期中复习讲义通过表格归纳、例句解析系统构建Unit 3-4知识体系，涵盖重点词汇变形（如形容词名词转换、动词名词派生）、形容词副词比较级最高级语法要点，用对比表格呈现规则与不规则变化，结合课文例句梳理seem、among等核心词用法，清晰呈现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导，如词汇变形填空强化语言能力，比较级最高级句式转换培养思维品质，阅读表达与完形填空结合话题情境提升综合运用能力。作文指导提供“总-分-总”结构模板及典例范文，基础学生可掌握框架，优秀学生能拓展表达，助力教师实施精准分层教学，支持学生自主复习与能力进阶。

期中复习Unit 3-4 重点词汇变形 1. shy(adj. ) → ___________ (n.) 害羞 lazy(adj.) → ____________ (n.) 懒惰 good(adj.)→_________________(n.)美德；营养 happy(adj.)→_________________(n.)幸福;快乐 _______________(v.)想象→________________(n.)想象力 humour (n.) → ________________ (adj.) 幽默的 ________________(v.)保护→_________________(n.)保护；防卫 ________________(adj.)受欢迎的→_________________(n.)普及；流行 ________________(adj.)重要的→_________________(n.)重要性 2. ________________ (v.) 表演→________________(n.) 表现 →________________ (n.) 表演者 3. ________________ (n.) 乐事，愉快→ ________________ (adj.) 愉快的 4. ________________ (n.)性格 →________________(adj.) 个人的 →________________ (n.) 人 5. ________________ (n.)不同 →________________ (adj.) 不同的 →________________ (adv.) 不同地 6. honest (adj.) → 反:________________ (adj.) 不诚实的 →________________(n.)诚实 7. ________________ (adj. )直接的 → ________________ (adv. ) 直接地→________________ (n.) 方向 →________________ (n.) 导演 8. touch (v.) →________________ (adj.) 感人的 →________________ (adj.) 受触动的,受感动的 9. true(adj.) 真的 →________________(adv.) 真正地 →________________ (n.)真相 10. appear(v.)→_________________(反义词)消失；不见→_________________(n.)外表;露面 11. connect(v.)→_________________(adj.)连接的；相关的→_________________(n.)联系；连接 12. disappoint(v. )→_________________(adj.)失望的；沮丧的→_________________(n.)失望 13. _________________(adj.)生机勃勃的→_________________(比较级)→_________________（最高级） 课文重点知识及语法梳理 1、 Bamboo seems to be a very popular plant in China.竹子似乎在中国非常受欢迎。 【详解】seem系动词。含义：看起来；似乎。 【用法】 ①后接形容词或名词。 ② 接不定式：seem to do sth ③It seems/seemed that +句子 They seem __________ (know) the answer.（他们似乎知道答案。） _________ seems that he is happy. （他看起来很高兴。） 2、The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.猎豹是所有陆地动物中跑得最快的。 【详解】among介词。含义：在……中间（三者或三者以上）。 【拓展】between 用于两者之间：常用语词组between...and...,含义：在...和... 之间 She is standing among the trees.（她站在树林中间。） The house is between the river and the hill.（房子在河和山之间。） 3、Blue whales live in all oceans except Arctic Ocean.蓝鲸生活在所有海洋中，除了北极洋。 【详解】except prep. 除……之外都......；除了 Everyone except John passed the test. （除约翰外，大家都通过了考试。） Everyone went to the park except me. （除了我，大家都去公园了。） 【易错点辨析】besides/except/except for “besides”和“except”都有“除……之外”的意思，但用法上有区别： ①besides表示“除……之外，还有……”，强调包括在内。 ②except表示“除……之外”，排除在外。 ______________ English, he also learns French. Everyone is here_______________ Tom. 4、However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. 然而，蜜蜂的数量正在下降，科学家们很担心。 辨析a number of与the number of 词汇 意义及用法 a number of 意为“____________”，后接可数名词复数；a number of＋复数名词/代词+谓语动词用复数。 the number of 意为“___________”，后接可数名词复数；the number of＋复数名词/代词+谓语动词用单数。 如：The number of the volunteers________(be) 100 now， and a small number of them __________(have) already gone to the workplace. 单元语法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及 部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和 部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful quickly→more quickly→most quickly (2) 不规则变化 原 级 比较级 最高级 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well ill/bad/badly many/much little far 二． 比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 注意:比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、far、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若改词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The ___________(busy)my mother is, the ____________ (happy)she feels. The_________________(careful) you are, the ______________(few) mistakes you'll make. ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,但副词的the可省略，后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? ②常用结构"one of the+最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ③序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 三． 含有最高级的结构与含有比较级的结构之间的转换 "the+最高级+单数名词(+范围)"="比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)" China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia. =China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意:"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else." ="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 (3) as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is as large as that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies as hard as his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm not as/so tall as him. 我没有他高。 习题练习 阅读表达 On August 11 in 2024，the Paris Olympic Games ended.China won 40 gold medals（金牌）.This was China's best results in an Olympics held outside the country.A country's sports success comes from its hard work and strength（力量）.Young players also drew the attention of the world. Cui Chenxi，14，finished the women's skateboarding street final（滑板女子街式决赛）in fourth place on July 28th.It is China's best result in the sport since（自从）this sport first appeared in the Olympic Games three years ago in Tokyo. Cui Chenxi tried her hand at different sports from a young age—football，basketball，and table tennis.She started to learn skateboarding at the age of 10.Only one year later，she began winning at professional﹣level games. Sun Yingsha started to practice table tennis at the age of five.She soon showed great talent for playing it.She started to play for Hebei Province when she was 10.She started to join in many games and made people know her name in the world at the age of 17.Sun always learns from others and practices for hours every day to be better. Chinese young players not only won many medals，but also won people's hearts.（A）They have turned people's attention from counting the number of gold medals to the excitement of sports and the Olympic spirit. （1）When did skateboarding first appear in the Olympic Games？　 　 （2）What can we infer（推断）about Cui Chenxi from Paragraph Three？　 　 （3）What does（A）They refer to（指的是）？　 　 （4）根据短文内容填空。（每空限1词） China has made a big①　 　 in the Paris Olympic Games，winning the②　 　 gold medals（with the number of 40）in the Olympics held outside the country.Sun，a table tennis player，became③　 　 when she was 17 in the world.But she keeps on④　 　 and learning from others.Her hard work and strong will help her won people's heart. 完形填空(本题10小题，每小题2分，共20分) Last summer,my family and I decided to spend our in a small town near the sea.It was a place I'd never been to before,and everything was new and exciting.On the first day,we walked around without a map,not planning to go 2 special.The streets were not wide,and the houses had a 3 style I'd never seen—colourful doors and roofs. One afternoon,we met a group of friendly locals(本地人).They invited us to 4 for a beach barbecue.As we sat by the fire,someone pointed out that the waves were crashing(碰撞) 5 the rocks loudly."It's nature's music,"an old man said,with a smile.Later,we walked along some little-known paths and found a quiet cove(小海湾).I felt really 6 there.It seemed that time stood still. However,things became difficult when it rained heavily.We had to hide(躲藏)under a small shed and wait for the storm(暴风雨) to 7 ,"Adventures always have surprises,"my dad joked.Luckily,the sun came out again the next morning,and we 8 the chance to try surfing.Though I fell into the water many times,it was an unforgettable 9 . On our last day,I bought a handmade necklace from a street seller."It's a symbol of courage,"she told me.Now,whenever I wear it,I remember that trip—how it taught me to try the unknown and find joy 10 unexpected moments(意外的时刻). ( )1.A.vacation B.food C.money D.practice ( )2.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.everywhere D.somewhere ( )3.A.modem B.strange C.boring D.simple ( )4.A.get together B.give up C.look after D.take off ( )5.A.against B:beside C.above D.behind ( )6.A.nervous B.angry C.comfortable D.noisy ( )7.A.pass B.dance C.shout D.sleep ( )8.A.forgot B.finished C.lost D.got ( )9.A.accident B.experience C.mistake D.problem ( )10.A.into B:without C.up D.at 短文填空 Do you like to drink hot water? Compared 1 people in most other countries, Chinese people especially like to drink warm water. Do you know why? In the old days, people 2 （drink）water from the river. The bacteria (细菌) in it could make them 3 /sɪk/. Ancient people around the world used different 4 （tool） to kill the bacteria in the water. For the Chinese, they thought _____5______(drink) boiled water was the ____6____(easy) way to protect themselves 7 the harmful bacteria. What’s more, in traditional Chinese medicine, “yin” and “yang” mean cold and hot energy. It was 8 (believe) that the power of your body came from “yang”. And drinking warm water could nourish (滋养) the “yang” energy. Drinking hot water helped people 9 （keep） warm. Another reason is that since the early 20th century, the Chinese government has encouraged people_____10____(drink) more warm water. It has also helped the Chinese to form this special habit. 1._______________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 9._______________ 10._______________ 请写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式。 thin-________________-________________ famous- ________________-________________ good- ________________ -________________ slim-__________________-__________________ quickly-________________-________________ happy-_________________-________________ bad- ________________ -________________ large-_________________ -________________ far- ________________ -________________ heavy- ________________ -________________ comfortable- ________________ -________________ slow-________________ -________________ little-________________ -________________ outgoing-________________-________________ interesting- ________________ -________________ much- ________________ -________________ early-_________________-________________ easily__________________-________________ friendly_______________-________________ serious-________________ -________________ important- ________________ -________________ big- ________________ -________________ easy- _______________ -________________ well-_________________-________________ many-________________-_______________ popular-________________-_______________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 话题作文-度假 一、写作维度分析 本单元的主题是“度假”，主要围绕怎样度假和度假的收获展开。与此相关的写作主要涉及：①介绍自己某个假期（如暑假、国庆假期等）的度假经历；②介绍自己的度假计划；③给他人的度假提供建议。 在写自己的度假经历时，一般采用“总一分一总”结构，先总体描述假期过得怎么样，接着详细介绍自己的度假经历和感受，最后总结假期的感受和收获。 二、写作典例指导 假如你是图中女孩，你与家人共度五一假期。请根据图中所示写一篇英文日记，讲述你当天所见和所做之事。 注意： 1日记应包含图中所有信息； 2日记中须写出当天的一些感受； 3日记应格式正确，语句通顺，句式多样； 4 词数：80左右。 参考词汇：沙堡 sandcastle 螃蟹 crab 审主题：假期经历 审人称：第一人称 审体裁：日记 审时态：一般过去时 审要点：所见、所做、感受 范文： 1st May Today was the first day of the May Day holiday. I had a good time with my family on the beach.（总） In the early morning, we came to the beach to see the rising sun. There were some seabirds flying over the sea and boats sailing in the sea. It was so beautiful that I lost myself in the scenery.Then we spent a couple of hours relaxing in the sea. I felt like I was a fish. After that, my sister and I played on the beach. We played volleyball and made a sandcastle with tools. The sand castle looked so true to life that a crab even wanted to live in it.（分：描述当天发生的事情） What a pleasant day! I not only got close to nature but also shared happiness with my family. （总：总结今天的收获） 译文： 5月1日 今天是五一假期的第一天。我和家人在海边度过了一段美好的时光。 问津周周的英语笔记 清晨，我们来到海边看旭日东升。海面上有几只海鸟在飞翔，海面上有几艘小船在航行。今天是五一小长假的第一天，我和家人一起来到了海边，这里的景色太美了，美得让我迷失了自己。然后，我们在海里放松了几个小时。我感觉自己就像一条鱼。之后，我和妹妹在沙滩上玩耍。我们玩了排球，还用工具做了一个沙堡。沙堡看起来栩栩如生，连螃蟹都想住进去。 真是愉快的一天！我不仅亲近了大自然，还与家人分享了快乐。 Unit 2 话题作文-家庭 一、写作维度分析 本单元的话题是“甜蜜的家”，主要介绍了你可以为家庭做些什么、如何让家变得更舒适以及家的意义，与此相关的写作主要涉及以下几个方面：①介绍自己的家庭，表达家对你的意义；②描述一家人在某个传统节日的活动；③向朋友介绍自己家的空间特征，礼貌地请求朋友帮助你装饰房间。 二 、写作典例指导 英文有句谚语“No place like home.”。家是幸福温暖的港湾。假如你是Sandy，请你以“Home，Sweet Home”为题写一篇短文介绍你的家。 要点指导： 1 你家的居住环境； 2 你的家庭成员及家庭成员之间是如何相处的（互助、互爱、互相信任．．．）； 3为了让你的家更加美好，你打算怎样做（分担家务；经常与家人沟通交流．．．） 注意： 1词数80～100，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2 短文必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使其连贯、通顺； 3 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名等相关信息。 Home, Sweet Home I am Sandy. 审主题：甜蜜的家 审体裁：说明文 审时态：一般现在时 审人称：以第一人称为主 审要点：家庭居住环境、家庭成员、家庭成员之间如何相处、如何让家更美好 范文： Home,Sweet Home I am Sandy. My home is not just a building and it's a place full of love and sweet memories.（总：强调家的价值） It's a two-storey house with a beautiful garden. The living room is on the first floor and there is a soft sofa in it. My bedroom is on the second floor,I like reading books in front of the window.（分：介绍家的居住环境） There are three members in my family: my parents and I. When I have difficulties, my parents always encourage me and help me find solutions. We trust each other and share our joys and sorrows.（分：介绍家庭成员及关系） I will share some chores, such as sweeping the floor and cleaning the bathroom.In addition,we will have regular family meetings to share our ideas.l believe these small actions can bring us closer and make our home more comfortable.（分：我在家庭中承担的责任） I really love my home. No matter how long I'm away, home is always waiting for me.（总：呼应首段，强调作者对家的深厚感情） 译文： 家，甜蜜的家 我是珊迪。我的家不仅仅是一栋建筑，更是一个充满爱和甜蜜回忆的地方。 这是一栋两层楼的房子，有一个美丽的花园。客厅在一楼，里面有一张柔软的沙发。我的卧室在二楼。我喜欢在窗前看书。 我家有三口人：爸爸妈妈和我。当我遇到困难时，爸爸妈妈总是鼓励我，帮我想办法。我们相互信任，分享喜怒哀乐。 我会分担一些家务，比如扫地和打扫浴室。此外，我们还会定期召开家庭会议，分享我们的想法。我相信这些小举动可以拉近我们之间的距离，让我们的家更舒适。 我非常爱我的家。无论我离开多久，家总是在等着我。 Unit 3 话题作文-人物对比 一 写作维度分析 本单元的主题是“人物对比”，要求学生能用形容词和副词的比较级描述不同人物之间的异同点。与此相关的写作通常有：①描述自己与家人、朋友等之间的共同点和差异；②描述自己过去与现在的变化。 在对比人物之间的异同点时，可以从外表（如tall、slim、strong等）、性格（如outgoing、friendly、shy等）、兴趣爱好、习惯、优势等方面展开描述。 二 写作典例指导 真正的朋友，会在你成功时为你高兴，会在你不幸或悲伤时给予陪伴，会在你犯错时提出批评并提供帮助。请你根据以下提示和要求，写一篇短文介绍你和你最好的朋友。 提示： 1 What do you think a good friend is like? 2 Who is your best friend? In what ways are you similar and different? 3 What did he/she do to touch your heart? 要求： 1 包含所给提示内容，可适当发挥； 2 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 When it comes to friendship, many people think that friends should be alike.For me,... 审主题：人物对比 审体裁：记叙文 审人称：第一、三人称 审时态：一般现在时和一般过去时 审要点：择友观、相似之处、差异、他／她所做的事 范文： Many people think that friends should be alike.For me,I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me.（总：表明自己的择友观） My best friend, Linda, is quieter and taller than me. I'm good at Maths,while Linda does well in English. We like doing our homework together after school and we always help each other.We both like playing tennis.（分：我们的异同点） I still remember when I took part in the school talent show,I felt so nervous at first. As soon as Linda knew my problem,she encouraged me and kept helping me.At last, I did my best and won first prize.（分：好友对我的关心和帮助） Linda always helps to bring out the best in me, and I am glad to have such a friend. （表明我对好友的感情） 译文： 很多人认为朋友应该是相似的。对我来说，我并不在乎我的朋友和我相似还是不 我最好的朋友琳达比我安静，个子也比我高。我的数学很好，而琳达的英语很好我们喜欢放学后一起做作业，我们总是互相帮助。我们都喜欢打网球。 我还记得我参加学校才艺表演的时候，一开始我觉得很紧张。琳达一知道我的问就鼓励我，并不断帮助我。最后，我尽了最大努力，获得了一等奖。 琳达总是帮助我发挥最好的一面，我很高兴有这样一位朋友。 Unit 4 话题作文-介绍动植物 一 写作维度分析 本单元的主题是“神奇的动植物”，通过介绍动植物的种类、特征、生活习性、生存现状、对生态系统的作用等，使学生了解到丰富多彩的动植物世界，激发学生对大自然的好奇心和探索欲。与其相关的写作多为介绍某一动植物的特征、生活习性、生存现状、对生态系统的重要作用、保护措施等。 写作时，人称以第三人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主，注意正确使用形容词及副词的比较等级来介绍动植物及其与人类之间的联系。 二 写作典例指导 假设你所在的自然社团打算发布保护植物的相关海报，你负责有关棉花这一植物的介绍。请根据所给的棉花资料卡，向国际部的同学们科普这一植物。 名称：棉花 外形： 花朵白色，茎细叶阔 质地：柔软 生长条件：充足的光照，适宜的水分和养料 种植历史：五千多年 用途：制作衣服、玩具等 参考词汇：broad宽阔的；nutrient营养物；fll填充 要求： 1 包含所有提示信息，并适当发挥； 2不少于80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Hi,everyone. Today we can see cotton everywhere in our life. 审主题：介绍棉花 审人称：以第三人称为主 审体裁：说明文 审时态：一般现在时 审要点：名称、外形、质地、生长条件、历史、用途等 范文： Hi,everyone. Today we can see cotton everywhere in our life. Let's learn more about it! （总） Cotton is one of the most common plants in the natural world. It's as white as snow and has thin stems and broad leaves. It looks soft like a cloud. The growth of cotton needs enough sunlight,suitable water, and nutrients. Cotton is not only a plant, but also a symbol of history. People began to plant it over 5,000 years ago.Cotton is more than a plant for us. People use it in many ways.People use it to make clothes,for example, T-shirts we wear in summer.It can also be used to fill toys, making them soft.（分） Cotton plays such an important role in our daily life. What a wonderful plant!（总） 译文： 大家好 今天，我们在生活中随处可见棉花。让我们一起来了解一下棉花！ 棉花是自然界中最常见的植物之一。棉花洁白如雪，茎细叶宽。它看起来像云朵一样柔软。棉花的生长需要充足的阳光、适宜的水分和养分。棉花不仅是一种植物，也是历史的象征。早在5000多年前，人们就开始种植棉花。对我们来说，棉花不仅仅是一种植物。人们将棉花用于多种用途。人们用棉花制作衣服，比如我们夏天穿的T恤。它还可以用来填充玩具，使玩具变得柔软。 棉花在我们的日常生活中扮演着如此重要的角色。多么神奇的植物 答案： 重点词汇变形 14. shy(adj. ) → _shyness_ (n.) 害羞 lazy(adj.) → _laziness_(n.) 懒惰 good(adj.)→_goodness_(n.)美德；营养 happy(adj.)→_happiness_(n.)幸福;快乐 _important_(adj.)重要的→_importance_(n.)重要性 _imagine_(v.)想象→_imagination__(n.)想象力 humour (n.) → _humorous__ (adj.) 幽默的 _protect_(v.)保护→_protection_(n.)保护；防卫 _popular_(adj.)受欢迎的→_popularity_(n.)普及；流行 15. _perform_ (v.) 表演→_performance_(n.) 表现 →__performer_ (n.) 表演者 16. _pleasure_ (n.) 乐事，愉快→ _pleasant_ (adj.) 愉快的 17. __personality_ (n.)性格 →_personal_(adj.) 个人的 →_person_ (n.) 人 18. _difference_ (n.)不同 →_different_ (adj.) 不同的 →_differently_ (adv.) 不同地 19. honest (adj.) → 反:_dishonest_ (adj.) 不诚实的 →_honesty_(n.)诚实 20. _direct_ (adj. )直接的 → _directly_ (adv. ) 直接地→_direction_ (n.) 方向→_director_ (n.) 导演 21. touch (v.) →_touched_ (adj.) 感人的 →__touching__ (adj.) 受触动的,受感动的 22. true(adj.) 真的 →_truly__(adv.) 真正地 →_truth__ (n.)真相 23. appear(v.)→__disappear__(反义词)消失；不见→_appearance__(n.)外表;露面 24. connect(v.)→_connected__(adj.)连接的；相关的→_connection_(n.)联系；连接 25. disappoint(v. )→_disappointed_(adj.)失望的；沮丧的→_disappointment_(n.)失望 26. _lively_(adj.)生机勃勃的→_livelier__(比较级)→_liveliest__（最高级） 课文重点知识及语法梳理 2、 Bamboo seems to be a very popular plant in China.竹子似乎在中国非常受欢迎。 【详解】seem系动词。含义：看起来；似乎。 【用法】 ①后接形容词或名词。 ② 接不定式：seem to do sth ③It seems/seemed that +句子 They seem _to know_ (know) the answer.（他们似乎知道答案。） _It___ seems that he is happy. （他看起来很高兴。） 2、The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals.猎豹是所有陆地动物中跑得最快的。 【详解】among介词。含义：在……中间（三者或三者以上）。 【拓展】between 用于两者之间：常用语词组between...and...,含义：在...和... 之间 She is standing among the trees.（她站在树林中间。） The house is between the river and the hill.（房子在河和山之间。） 3、Blue whales live in all oceans except Arctic Ocean.蓝鲸生活在所有海洋中，除了北极洋。 【详解】except prep. 除……之外都......；除了 Everyone except John passed the test. （除约翰外，大家都通过了考试。） Everyone went to the park except me. （除了我，大家都去公园了。） 【易错点辨析】besides/except/except for “besides”和“except”都有“除……之外”的意思，但用法上有区别： ①besides表示“除……之外，还有……”，强调包括在内。 ②except表示“除……之外”，排除在外。 _Besides__ English, he also learns French. Everyone is here_except_ Tom. 4、However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. 然而，蜜蜂的数量正在下降，科学家们很担心。 辨析a number of与the number of 词汇 意义及用法 a number of 意为“_许多__”，后接可数名词复数；a number of＋复数名词/代词+谓语动词用复数。 the number of 意为“_...的数量__”，后接可数名词复数；the number of＋复数名词/代词+谓语动词用单数。 如：The number of the volunteers_is__(be) 100 now， and a small number of them _have__(have) already gone to the workplace. 单元语法 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 一． 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及 部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和 部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful quickly→more quickly→most quickly (3) 不规则变化 原 级 比较级 最高级 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farther farthest farthest 二． 比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 注意:比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、far、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若改词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The _busier__(busy)my mother is, the _happier_ (happy)she feels. The__more careful__(careful) you are, the __fewer__(few) mistakes you'll make. ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,但副词的the可省略，后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? ②常用结构"one of the+最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ③序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 三． 含有最高级的结构与含有比较级的结构之间的转换 "the+最高级+单数名词(+范围)"="比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)" ="比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)" China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia. =China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意:"sb.+be动词+比较级+than anybody else." ="No one+be动词+比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 (3) as...as与not as/so...as 用法 例句 当我们想表达"和……一样"时,常用"as + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 This park is as large as that one.这个公园和那个公园一样大。 He studies as hard as his brother.他学习和他弟弟一样努力。 当我们想表达"不如/不及……"时,常用"not as/so + 形容词原级/副词原级+ as"结构。 I'm not as/so tall as him. 我没有他高。 习题练习 阅读表达 On August 11 in 2024，the Paris Olympic Games ended.China won 40 gold medals（金牌）.This was China's best results in an Olympics held outside the country.A country's sports success comes from its hard work and strength（力量）.Young players also drew the attention of the world. Cui Chenxi，14，finished the women's skateboarding street final（滑板女子街式决赛）in fourth place on July 28th.It is China's best result in the sport since（自从）this sport first appeared in the Olympic Games three years ago in Tokyo. Cui Chenxi tried her hand at different sports from a young age—football，basketball，and table tennis.She started to learn skateboarding at the age of 10.Only one year later，she began winning at professional﹣level games. Sun Yingsha started to practice table tennis at the age of five.She soon showed great talent for playing it.She started to play for Hebei Province when she was 10.She started to join in many games and made people know her name in the world at the age of 17.Sun always learns from others and practices for hours every day to be better. Chinese young players not only won many medals，but also won people's hearts.（A）They have turned people's attention from counting the number of gold medals to the excitement of sports and the Olympic spirit. （1）When did skateboarding first appear in the Olympic Games？　Three years ago/ In 2021. 　 （2）What can we infer（推断）about Cui Chenxi from Paragraph Three？　She is talented in sports.　 （3）What does（A）They refer to（指的是）？　Chinese young players　 （4）根据短文内容填空。（每空限1词） China has made a big①　success　 in the Paris Olympic Games，winning the②　most　 gold medals（with the number of 40）in the Olympics held outside the country.Sun，a table tennis player，became③　famous　 when she was 17 in the world.But she keeps on④　practicing　 and learning from others.Her hard work and strong will help her won people's heart. 完形填空(本题10小题，每小题2分，共20分) Last summer,my family and I decided to spend our in a small town near the sea.It was a place I'd never been to before,and everything was new and exciting.On the first day,we walked around without a map,not planning to go 2 special.The streets were not wide,and the houses had a 3 style I'd never seen—colourful doors and roofs. One afternoon,we met a group of friendly locals(本地人).They invited us to 4 for a beach barbecue.As we sat by the fire,someone pointed out that the waves were crashing(碰撞) 5 the rocks loudly."It's nature's music,"an old man said,with a smile.Later,we walked along some little-known paths and found a quiet cove(小海湾).I felt really 6 there.It seemed that time stood still. However,things became difficult when it rained heavily.We had to hide(躲藏)under a small shed and wait for the storm(暴风雨) to 7 ,"Adventures always have surprises,"my dad joked.Luckily,the sun came out again the next morning,and we 8 the chance to try surfing.Though I fell into the water many times,it was an unforgettable 9 . On our last day,I bought a handmade necklace from a street seller."It's a symbol of courage,"she told me.Now,whenever I wear it,I remember that trip—how it taught me to try the unknown and find joy 10 unexpected moments(意外的时刻). ( A )1.A.vacation B.food C.money D.practice ( A )2.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.everywhere D.somewhere ( B )3.A.modem B.strange C.boring D.simple ( A )4.A.get together B.give up C.look after D.take off ( A )5.A.against B:beside C.above D.behind ( C )6.A.nervous B.angry C.comfortable D.noisy ( A )7.A.pass B.dance C.shout D.sleep ( D )8.A.forgot B.finished C.lost D.got ( B )9.A.accident B.experience C.mistake D.problem ( D )10.A.into B:without C.up D.at 短文填空 Do you like to drink hot water? Compared 1 people in most other countries, Chinese people especially like to drink warm water. Do you know why? In the old days, people 2 （drink）water from the river. The bacteria (细菌) in it could make them 3 /sɪk/. Ancient people around the world used different 4 （tool） to kill the bacteria in the water. For the Chinese, they thought _____5______(drink) boiled water was the ____6____(easy) way to protect themselves 7 the harmful bacteria. What’s more, in traditional Chinese medicine, “yin” and “yang” mean cold and hot energy. It was 8 (believe) that the power of your body came from “yang”. And drinking warm water could nourish (滋养) the “yang” energy. Drinking hot water helped people 9 （keep） warm. Another reason is that since the early 20th century, the Chinese government has encouraged people_____10____(drink) more warm water. It has also helped the Chinese to form this special habit. 1._with__ 2.__drank__ 3.__sick__ 4.__tools__ 5.__drinking__ 6.__easiest__ 7.__from__ 8.__believed____ 9.__keep__ 10.__to drink__ 请写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式。 thin-__thinner__-_thinnest__ famous- _more famous_-_most famous_ good- _better__ -_best__ slim-_slimmer__-__slimmest__ quickly-_more quickly__-__most quickly__ happy-_happier__-_happiest__ bad- _worse__ -_worst_ large-_larger_ -_largest_ far- _farther/further_ -_farthest/furthest_ heavy- _heavier__ -__heaviest__ comfortable- _more comfortable__ -_most comfortable_ slow-_slower__ -__slowest__ little-_less_ -_least__ outgoing-_more outgoing_-__most outgoing__ interesting- _more interesting__ -_most interesting_ much- _more_ -_most__ early-_earlier__-__earliest_ easily_more easily_-_most easily_ friendly_friendlier__-_friendliest_ serious-_more serious____ -_most serious__ important- _more important___ -_most important__ big- _bigger__ -__biggest__ easy- _easier___ -_easiest__ well-__better___-_best_ many-__more__-__most__ popular-_more popular___-__most popular_ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $