Unit 5 Period 4 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)-【名师导航】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦过去分词作表语和状语这一核心语法点，通过美文诵读创设语境引导学生初步感知，结合语法体悟总结用法规律，进而系统讲解表语的定义、形容词化特征及与被动语态的区别，状语的类型、位置及特殊用法，构建从感知到理解再到应用的学习支架。 资料以语境化导入和对比辨析为特色，美文诵读让学生在真实语篇中体悟语法功能提升语言能力，对比过去分词与-ing形式等用法培养思维的逻辑性。多样化练习涵盖单句填空、同义转换及综合阅读，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固应用，查漏补缺。

Period 4　 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures) 过去分词作表语和状语 美文诵读 语法体悟 There was an old man who had a beautiful garden．He was deeply ①devoted to it and spent most of his time taking care of the plants．He was more than ②excited to see the growth of his beloved flowers and vegetables．One day,a heavy storm hit the town．The garden was severely damaged,with many plants broken and some flowers blown away．The old man was heartbroken,feeling ③discouraged by what had happened．However,he didn't give up．④Determined to restore the garden to its former beauty,he worked hard to replant the uprooted plants and fix the broken branches．⑤Tired but satisfied,he continued his work day after day．As time went by,his efforts paid off．⑥Seen from a distance,the garden gradually looked as beautiful as before．The old man's face was filled with joy,knowing that his hard work had been rewarded． 1．①、②、③在句中作表语；④、⑤、⑥在句中作状语。 2．①、②过去分词跟在系动词was之后作表语； ③过去分词跟在系动词feel之后作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 3．过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 ④过去分词作状语，表原因，说明老人不放弃的原因；⑤过去分词作状语，表伴随，说明主语he当时的状态；⑥过去分词作状语，表时间，描述花园从远处看时的状态 。 一、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。 The door is locked． 门是锁着的。 2．作表语并且形式上为过去分词的词，有不少已经形容词化，它们可以被副词修饰，可用于比较结构。常见的有amazed，amused，astonished，bored，broken，closed，decided，delighted，devoted，known，moved等。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved． 听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。 3．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The book is well written． 这本书写得好。 The book was written by a soldier． 这本书是由一位士兵写的。 4．形容词化的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别。 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 动词-ing形式 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” They became so worried that they stayed awake all night． 他们很担心，一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once． 形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。 单句语法填空 ①I was too tired (tire) to walk any further． ②When he heard the moving story，he was deeply moved．(move) ③Tom was more surprised(surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news． ④His words were discouraging,which made many people discouraged．(discourage) 二、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 (1)过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address),the little boy didn't respond． 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 (2)过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting． 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 (3)过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If they were given more time),the trees could grow taller． 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor． 如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸汽。 (4)过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 Left alone at home(＝Although he was left alone at home)，John didn't feel afraid at all． 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。 (5)过去分词作方式、伴随状语时，有时可以改写成与主句并列的句子。 Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom． ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students． 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 单句语法填空 ①Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star． ②Accompanied(accompany) by their parents，children entered the stadium． ③Founded(found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art． ④Translated(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order． 2．过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently,moved to tears． ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently． 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 3．作状语时不表示被动的过去分词 部分过去分词作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着)，absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn't hear the sound． 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful． 穿着一件新的连衣裙，她看上去很漂亮。 4．“连词＋过去分词”作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be动词的某种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 Even if invited(＝Even if I'm invited),I won't take part in the party． 即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。 [名师点津]　过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [巧学助记]　分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Used for a long time，the book looks old．(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很陈旧。 Using the book,I find it very useful．(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 单句语法填空 ①When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep． ②—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree,absorbed (absorb) in his video games． 课时提升作业(十四)　(UNIT 5　Discovering Useful Structures) (建议用时：45分钟　总分：97分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．I became interested(interest)in playing football thanks to a small accident． 2．As time goes by,his hair is nearly all gone (go)． 3．Ladies and gentlemen,please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop． 4．My efforts finally paid off and my academic scores got improved (improve)． 5．Praised (praise)by what the teacher said,the student decided to work even harder． 6．Recognized (recognize) as the capital city of China,Beijing is a city you can never miss． 7．Surrounded(surround) by many tall trees and beautiful flowers,our school looks beautiful． 8．I'm very much inspired by their selflessness,determined (determine) to follow their example． 9．When given(give) a medical examination,you should keep calm． 10．Annoyed (annoy)with her,I didn't contact her for a week． Ⅱ．同义句转换 1．When it is seen from the top of the hill，the town looks more beautiful． →Seen from the top of the hill，the town looks more beautiful． 2．Because they were deeply moved by the film，the children began to cry． →Deeply moved by the film，the children began to cry． 3．If we were given more time，we could do it much better． →Given more time，we could do it much better． Ⅲ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)作为明代著名的地理学家(geographer)、旅行家和作家，徐霞客经常徒步旅行，探索大自然。 Known as a famous geographer,traveller and writer in the Ming Dynasty,Xu Xiake travelled a lot mainly on foot to explore nature． 2．在观众的注视下，汤姆走上舞台，手心直冒汗。 Watched by the audience,Tom stepped onto the stage,with his palms sweating． 3．看到自己创作的那幅漂亮的画作时，他感觉非常满意。 He felt very satisfied when he saw the beautiful painting he had created． 4．由于对环境保护很感兴趣，我写信申请做一名环保卫士。 Interested in the environmental protection,I'm writing to apply to be a guardian of the environment． 5．电影中感人的场景给我留下了深刻的印象，我决定再看一遍。 Impressed by the moving scenes in the movie,I decided to watch it again． Ⅳ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1．Set (set) up various high-tech devices,the newly 2．created (create) robots can help people with physical tasks and many other social services,3．making (make) our life more convenient and easier．For example,4．given (give) a certain instruction,a service robot can help move objects from one place to another within a home．It can also help the person to contact his or her doctor or give the person daily reminders．5．Employed (employ) by families with children,a service robot can make the time parents spend 6．doing(do) household chores reduced．It might also make parents less 7．worried (worry),because they know that glassware,for example,won't be possibly 8．broken (break) by children when 9．collected (collect)by a service robot．10．Designed (design) with such functions,service robots are gaining wide popularity in the world． Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Once,I was invited to see a performance by my friends．Little did I know that I was about to see something I would never forget． After they introduced the young musician,Mr．Patrick Henry Hughes,he was rolled onto the stage in his wheelchair and began to play the piano．His fingers danced across the keys as he made beautiful music．He then began to sing as he played,and it was even more beautiful．For some reason,however,I knew that I was seeing something special．About ten minutes into Patrick's performance,someone came on the stage and said,“I'd like to share a seven-minute video．”Then the lights went dim． Patrick Henry Hughes was born with no eyes and a tightening (紧绷) of the joints,which left him disabled for life．However,as a child,he was fitted with artificial (人造的) eyes and placed in a wheelchair．Before his first birthday,he discovered the piano．His mom said,“I could hit any note on the piano,and within one or two tries,he'd get it．”By his second birthday,he could play simple songs as requested．His father was excited．“We might not play baseball,but we can play music together．” Today,Patrick is a junior．His father attends classes with him and he's made nearly all A's．He's also a part of the marching band．He and his father do it together．They attend all the band practices and performances．His father rolls his son around the field to the cheers of Patrick's fans． But it was Patrick's “attitude of gratitude”that touched my soul deeper．On stage,between songs,he talked to the audience about his life and about how lucky he was．He said,“God made me blind and unable to walk．BIG DEAL! He gave me the ability,the musical gifts I have... the great chance to meet new people．” When his performance was over,Patrick and his father were on the stage together．The crowd rose to their feet and cheered for over five minutes． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一场表演中了解到了年轻音乐家Patrick Henry Hughes的事迹。他出生就没有眼睛，也无法行走，但上天给了他音乐天赋，他很感激自己能凭借这个天赋来认识其他人。 1．What can we know from the text? A．Patrick is now in charge of a marching band． B．My friends told me the performance would be very special． C．Patrick showed a gift for music at an early age． D．Patrick played the piano much better than he sang． C　[细节理解题。根据第三段第三句至第五句可知，Patrick很小的时候就显露出了音乐天赋。故选C。] 2．According to the text,Patrick's father ． A．taught Patrick to sing and play the piano B．keeps him company to attend classes and practices C．expected his son to be a great musician and singer D．has become the leader of the marching band B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His father attends classes with him and he's made nearly all A's．”和“They attend all the band practices and performances．”可知，Patrick的父亲陪他一起上课和练习。故选B。] 3．What made the author most impressed? A．His attitude of gratitude． B．His working hard． C．His wonderful performance． D．His unlucky life． A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But it was Patrick's ‘attitude of gratitude’ that touched my soul deeper．”可知，让作者印象最深刻的是Patrick的“感恩态度”。故选A。] 4．What does the story of Patrick Henry Hughes teach us to do? A．Share our kindness with others． B．Develop an interest in music． C．Study hard and realize our dream． D．Value what we have had． D　[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Patrick天生残疾，但很小的时候就展现了音乐天赋，他对自己的生活持感恩态度，积极看待生活，利用自己的音乐天赋来结识他人。由此可推测，Patrick的故事告诉我们要珍惜我们所拥有的东西。故选D。] Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Every culture has its own music． 1 All types of music have one thing in common: it brings people together． There are many festivals held in various communities． 2 Without music,a celebration will be effectively incomplete．Music allows us to dance and be completely ourselves in front of our peers．When music is playing and people are dancing,you feel a sense of belonging to your culture． Music is always present in our lives．It can be a huge part of our life no matter where we live or how old we are．Our parents play us music or sing to us when we are young．People schedule a time to relax and listen to their favorite music． 3 4 There's a reason why parents sing to their babies before they're born．They will be able to learn a language by listening to music．The alphabet,taught through a song,is one of the most important skills you learned as a child．To be sure,learning a language through song is easier than trying to memorize a sentence in a completely different language． Music also assists us in discovering our identities． 5 As they grow older,they begin to have their own musical tastes．That is often their first act of defiance (挑战) against their parents．They figure out who they want to be,and music can play an important role in this process． A．Music is extremely personal． B．Most of them include music． C．Children like to listen to pop music． D．It exists in every corner of the globe． E．Music is critical in helping you learn a language． F．It affects them and brings them closer to others． G．Children attempt to imitate their parents for a long time． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐在不同文化中的普遍存在，以及它在社区节日、语言学习和身份认同等方面的重要作用。 1．D　[根据上文“Every culture has its own music．”可知，此处应该是对音乐普遍性的进一步阐述，与D项表达的含义一致，故选D项。] 2．B　[根据上文“There are many festivals held in various communities．”以及下文“Without music,a celebration will be effectively incomplete．”可知，音乐在节日庆祝活动中起着重要作用，与B项表达的含义一致，故选B项。] 3．F　[根据上文“Music is always present in our lives．It can be a huge part of our life no matter where we live or how old we are．”可知，音乐对我们的生活有影响，与F项表达的含义一致，故选F项。] 4．E　[根据下文“There's a reason why parents sing to their babies before they're born．They will be able to learn a language by listening to music．”可知音乐在语言学习中的作用，与E项表达的含义一致，故选E项。] 5．G　[根据上文“Music also assists us in discovering our identities．”以及下文“As they grow older,they begin to have their own musical tastes．”可知，孩子们在成长过程中会模仿父母的音乐品味，然后逐渐形成自己的身份认同，与G项表达的含义一致，故选G项。] Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Canadian violinist Adrian Anantawan was born without a right hand and most of his forearm．When he was young,he faced a challenge: becoming a 1 ．But this disability,which could have been a major obstacle (障碍) to his dream,has not stopped him from 2 his dreams． “Fear often blocks our path to new 3 ，”Anantawan told Good Morning America (GMA)．“For me,my story has always been a result of just trying something,being 4 with failure．”The road was not that easy．It 5 a huge amount of determination as well as 6 from his family and the medical community．They encouraged him and 7 him as a complete person who only needed some adaptations (适应)． Anantawan went from being 8 by music teachers who could not think out-of-the-box to studying with masters．But it did not happen 9 ．After a lot of refusals,he finally found a teacher who 10 and trusted him,teaching him to play with his left hand． 11 ，holding the bow was still an obstacle until a special device (装置) was made for him at a hospital in Toronto．“From the very first note that I was playing,I was really 12 to the sound and the connection of my body to the instrument and being able to express my imagination，”he told GMA． Anantawan himself has 13 the Music Inclusion Ensemble for students with different 14 ．His goal is to ensure that people who have challenges feel like they also have 15 in finding ways to express themselves． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大小提琴家阿德里安·阿南塔万天生没有右手和前臂，但这并没有阻止他追逐自己的梦想的故事。 1．A．professor　　　　　 B．footballer C．scientist D．musician D　[考查名词词义辨析。上文“Canadian violinist Adrian Anantawan was born without a right hand and most of his forearm．”提到阿德里安是一个小提琴家，可知，此处应表示当他年轻的时候，他面临着一个挑战：成为一名音乐家。故选D项。] 2．A．expressing B．following C．changing D．sharing B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“has not stopped him from”以及下文“his dreams”可知，此处应表示这并没有阻止他追逐自己的梦想。故选B项。] 3．A．organizations B．opinions C．experiences D．experiments C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“For me,my story has always been a result of just trying something”提到尝试一些事情，可知，此处应表示恐惧常常阻碍我们获得新体验。故选C项。] 4．A．fine B．satisfied C．discouraged D．happy A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“my story has always been a result of just trying something”提到他的故事一直都是尝试的结果，可知，此处应表示阿南塔万对失败坦然接受。故选A项。] 5．A．stressed B．took C．separated D．caused B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据句意以及下文“a huge amount of determination”可知，此处应表示他需要很大的决心，也得到了家人和医学界的支持。故选B项。] 6．A．pressure B．request C．support D．doubt C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“They encouraged him”可知，此处应表示他下了很大的决心，也得到了家人和医学界的支持。故选C项。] 7．A．regarded B．criticised C．registered D．compared A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“They encouraged him”以及下文“a complete person who only needed some adaptations”可知，此处应表示他们认为他是一个完整的人，只是需要一些适应。故选A项。] 8．A．exchanged B．helped C．impressed D．refused D　[考查动词词义辨析。下文“who could not think out-of-the-box”提到他们不能跳出固有的思维模式，可知，此处应表示阿南塔万被音乐老师拒绝。故选D项。] 9．A．always B．often C．easily D．quietly C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文提到的阿南塔万被音乐老师拒绝了，可知，此处应表示这并不容易。故选C项。] 10．A．congratulated B．admired C．cheated D．accepted D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“trusted him,teaching him to play with his left hand”可知，此处应表示他终于找到了一位接受并信任他的老师，教他用左手演奏。故选D项。] 11．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Moreover B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“holding the bow was still an obstacle”可知，此处为转折，表示“然而，握住琴弓仍然是一个障碍”。故选B项。] 12．A．attracted B．recommended C．introduced D．arranged A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据句意以及下文“the sound and the connection of my body to the instrument”可知，此处应表示阿南塔万被声音和他的身体与乐器的联系所吸引。故选A项。] 13．A．given up B．set up C．believed in D．depended on B　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境以及下文“the Music Inclusion Ensemble for students with different ”可知，此处应表示阿南塔万自己为不同残疾的学生建立了音乐融合乐团。故选B项。] 14．A．disabilities B．dreams C．hobbies D．strengths A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据语境以及各个选项意思可知，此处应表示阿南塔万自己为不同残疾的学生建立了音乐融合乐团。故选A项。] 15．A．trouble B．plans C．knowledge D．choices D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据句意以及下文“in finding ways to express themselves”可知，此处应表示他的目标是确保那些面临挑战的人觉得他们在寻找表达自己的方式方面也有选择。故选D项。] Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) A group of young people signed up for a night school to learn the suona,a traditional Chinese musical instrument,much 1． the instructor's surprise．The suona class held at the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Center's art school 2． (plan) to enroll (招收) six students but 3． (surprising) attracted 491 applicants． Xue Tianlong,a young suona player,agreed 4． (teach) the class as an experimental challenge．The first class was attended by 16 students,most 5． (professional) born after the 1990s,including programmers,designers and so on．Xue is a 6． (patience) teacher．After several classes,the students were able to produce clear and pleasant tunes． Xue,started playing the suona at age 7．His parents were against his decision to play the suona,7． he stuck to it at last． It is a common 8． (believe) that the suona is only used for occasions such as funerals (葬礼),weddings,and other celebrations．But it is not true．Xue considers the suona 9． expressive symbol of Chinese folk music．To promote the rich culture of Chinese folk music more broadly,he attaches great importance to public welfare (公益) courses 10． can help develop a deep understanding of the suona among young people． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年轻人报名参加学习唢呐的事，并介绍了教师薛天龙的背景和他的教学理念。文章通过具体的例子和细节来叙述事件的发展，并且解释了唢呐在中国传统音乐中的地位及其文化意义。 1．to　[考查介词。固定短语to one's surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故填to。] 2．planned　[考查动词的时态。 分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，再结合上下文的时态可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填planned。] 3．surprisingly　[考查副词。本空用副词surprisingly修饰动词attracted，作状语。故填surprisingly。] 4．to teach　[考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为agreed，此处为非谓语动词，本空用teach的不定式作agreed的宾语。故填to teach。] 5．professionals　[考查名词复数。本空用名词professional“专业人士”，专业人士不止一位，用复数形式，作主语。故填professionals。] 6．patient　[考查形容词。本空用形容词patient作前置定语修饰名词teacher。故填patient。] 7．but/yet　[考查连词。前后句意存在转折关系，用连词but/yet连接。故填but/yet。] 8．belief　[考查名词。本空用名词belief，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式，作表语。故填belief。] 9．an　[考查冠词。此处泛指“一种富有表现力的象征”，且expressive以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。] 10．which/that　[考查定语从句。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是public welfare courses，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。] 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $