专题11 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，全国通用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题11 定语从句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) （一）考查核心能力 关系词的准确选用能力：定语从句重点考查考生能否根据先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）的性质（是人、物、时间、地点等）以及从句在整个句子中所起的作用（作主语、宾语、状语等），准确地选择合适的关系词（如 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等）来引导定语从句，使句子结构和语义都正确合理。 从句与先行词及主句的逻辑关联理解能力：需要理解定语从句与先行词之间是修饰限定的关系，同时要把握好定语从句在整个主句语境中所表达的逻辑意义，确保其融入主句后能让整个句子表意清晰、逻辑连贯，不出现理解上的歧义或语法错误。 （二）关键关注要点 先行词的特点判断：仔细分析先行词是表示人、物、抽象概念、时间、地点还是原因等不同类别，因为这会直接影响关系词的选择。例如，先行词表示人时，常用 who、whom、whose 等关系词；先行词为物时，which、that 等较为常用。 关系词在从句中的作用分析：明确关系词在定语从句中充当的成分至关重要，它可能作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。比如关系词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致；作宾语时，还要注意是否可以省略等情况。 从句限定性与非限定性的区分：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定、明确范围的作用，是句子不可或缺的部分，若去掉会影响句子意思的完整性；非限定性定语从句则只是对先行词做补充说明，有逗号与主句隔开，去掉后不影响主句基本意思的表达，只是少了一些额外的补充信息，而且引导非限定性定语从句时不能用 that。 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh-型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时； ②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：place, country等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由或原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [易错提醒] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age 等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用when。　　 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 例1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford－upon－Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 例2．(2024·浙江高考1月)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 例3．(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood, ________ doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 1．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ... 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 例1．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 例2．(2021·天津高考改编)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 1．The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 2.According to traditions, on the morning of the day ________ the baby turns one month old, sacrifices are offered to the ancestors so that they will protect the baby in the future. 3．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, ________ the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. 4．The lock is produced through a complex technique ________ countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 例1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in ________ over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 例2．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage ________ which the system knows what it's talking about. 例3．You are generous with your time, for I’m sincerely grateful. 1．If you lent him a book which he was unfamiliar, it would be returned faultlessly wrapped in tissue paper and tied with coloured ribbon like a gift. 2．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 3．She gave birth to three daughters, the second of died as a child. 4．He has written two books, the first of was published in 2024. 5．Jane had many new friends in the school, with she shared her feelings. 一、单项选择 1．This is the best book ______ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．what D．who 2．This is the small library ________ we often read books after school. A．which B．what C．that D．where 3．My new bike, ________ my father gave me as a birthday gift, was stolen yesterday. A．which B．that C．where D．how 4．Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A．with whom B．for whom C．with which D．for which 5．The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A．which B．how C．what D．that 6．The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A．who B．that C．which D．where 7．The father ________ tells stories before bedtime has created many sweet memories for his children. A．what B．which C．whom D．who 8．Getting good grades in high school will help you enter a good university, ________ will enable you to have a bright future. A．that B．which C．when D．where 9．I honor endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means ________ men achieve great ends. A．through which B．with which C．by which D．in which 10．She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A．to finish; but B．finishing; and C．finishing; which D．finished; that 11．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 12．The school library, ______ was completed just last month with a large collection of new books, has already become the most popular place on campus for students. A．which B．who C．whose D．where 13．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 260 days. A．from which B．during which C．of which D．for which 14．Did you visit the forest reserve in Peru, ________ holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area? A．where B．it C．which D．that 15．______ is most significant is the way ______ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A．What, in which B．That, that C．Whether, in that D．What, how 16．This is the library ________ we often read books after school. A．which B．whom C．where D．when 二、语法填空 1．The volunteer organizes community charity activities every weekend is my neighbor. 2．She has tried everything could help her younger brother get rid of the bad habit. 3． is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 4．The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 5．You’ve got something is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 6．I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, was surrounded by blooming flowers. 7．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, made him the shortest player ever in the NBA． 8．His parents would not allow him to marry anyone family was poor. 9．It appears that their relationship has reached a point they have to consider divorce. 一、阅读理解 A The 2025 Leeds Football Festival ★The 5th Leeds Middle School Football Tournament will take place on August 20, at the John Charles Centre for Sport in Leeds. There will be boys and girls divisions for grades7-8. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches. Team registration costs £95 per team, and each player will receive a tournament T-shirt. In the past two years, over 30 teams from Leeds and neighboring towns have participated. ★The 2025 Leeds City Football Championship will be held on September 15, at the First Direct Bank Arena. This event features teams from local schools and community centres, including the popular Leeds United Football Club and the Leeds City College Team. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches, and matches will be officiated by professional referees. The cost of the tournament is £120 per team. ★The 2025 Leeds Youth Football Cup will take place on October 2, at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium. This tournament is open to teams from local schools and community centres, with a focus on promoting community spirit and sportsmanship. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches. The cost of the tournament is £70 per team. ★The 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown is now forming teams for the 3rd or the 4th grade boys and girls football league. The league starts on October 28, with two matches per week for six weeks. Matches will be played on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The cost is £20 per team. 1．Which competition starts the earliest? A．The 5th Leeds Middle School Football Tournament. B．The 2025 Leeds City Football Championship. C．The 2025 Leeds Youth Football Cup. D．The 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown. 2．What does the 2025 Leeds City Football Championship focus on? A．The safety. B．The fairness. C．The influence. D．The award. 3．What is the advantage of the 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown? A．Lower entry cost. B．More local teams. C．Fewer match schedules. D．More wonderful performance. B Upon discovering her grandma Georgie’s sketches (草图) in 2021, Julia, a TikToker, barely knew how to sew clothes. However, she decided to take it upon herself to make Grandma’s old designer dreams come alive. And it was not surprising at all that when Julia shared her hard work with her absolutely delighted Grandma, and later her followers — more than 21 million viewers tuned in to see what the most adorable version of Paris Fashion Week looked like. What a sight it was. When Julia first came across her grandma’s fashion design sketches that were almost three times as old as she was, she was attracted by them. So were her unexpected online viewers, 2.7 million of them, who shared Julia’s appreciation of these drawings, leading to her first viral video. “I knew Grandma was talented, but I thought, ‘Wow, these are really much better than what I was imagining in my head’”, she told an interviewer. Using the leftover material from her grandmother’s collection of outdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many of the dresses Georgie imagined. She notes that she doesn’t always follow her “grandma’s sketches”, as what looks good on paper might not suit the body. “Grandma encourages that,” Julia explains. This ongoing cooperation across generations has led to an extremely popular series online in which Julia shows Georgie what she’s created. It also sparks sweet conversations between the two of them, which are shared on video. “It’s a beautiful bonding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said. “Lots of people who are older and watch my videos say they love seeing someone younger appreciate something from their generation,” she said. “And then younger people see it and maybe they lost their grandparents, and they say seeing my videos reminds them of their grandparents,” said Julia. 4．What did Julia decide to do with Georgie’s sketches? A．To sell them online. B．To donate them to a museum. C．To bring them to Paris Fashion Week. D．To learn sewing to realize Georgie’s dream. 5．What made Julia’s first video go viral? A．Her sewing skills. B．Grandma’s old fabric. C．Her appreciation of the sketches. D．Her Paris Fashion Week participation. 6．Why did Julia’s video become popular on social media? A．It teaches people how to sew. B．It displays expansive fashion brands. C．It sparks conversations between people. D．It bridges the gap between different generations. 7．What kind of person is Julia? A．Brave and polite. B．Talented and creative. C．Honest and humorous. D．Considerate and generous. C One after another, injured koalas with burned paws and singed fur were carried into the rescue center. Suffering from severe dehydration and fear, they received urgent care from dedicated staff who bandaged their wounds, swaddled them gently, and placed them in baskets equipped with a familiar comfort: eucalyptus leaves. This heartbreaking scene became frequent as catastrophic wildfires, which have consumed millions of acres in Australia, forced the rescue of dozens of koalas from burning trees and ash-covered ground. The plight of the koala, an iconic Australian symbol, has raised serious concerns among conservationists and scientists. They are questioning how to protect biodiversity in a country already experiencing intense fires, extreme heat, and water shortage — a nation that already has one of the highest rates of species extinction in the world. Although koalas have adapted to coexist with periodic wildfires, they now face threats on an unprecedented (史无前例的) scale. These challenges stem not only from climate change but also from extensive human development. The rise of urban areas and agriculture has split the koalas’ natural habitats, isolating populations and reducing their ability to survive disasters. In some regions, koala numbers have dropped by as much as 80%, though accurate counts across the vast continent remain difficult to obtain. “The fires are a tragedy for our wildlife,” said Cheyne Flanagan, clinical director of the Koala Hospital, the only facility of its kind globally. “We have these unique animals that exist nowhere else on Earth, and we are failing to protect them. This should serve as a massive wake-up call for everyone.” The situation underscores the urgent need for coordinated conservation efforts. It is clear that without significant intervention, the future of this beloved species remains uncertain. The loss of the koala would not only be an ecological disaster but also a cultural tragedy for Australia and the world. 8．What does the underlined word “plight” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Tough situation. B．Special habit. C．Cute appearance. D．Polluted environment. 9．Why are koalas now facing more serious threats than before? A．The Australian government ignores their survival. B．Climate change and human development bring risks. C．Conservationists have no effective protection measures. D．Their main food (eucalyptus leaves) has sharply decreased. 10．What can we learn about the Koala Hospital from Cheyne Flanagan’s statement? A．It is the world’s only koala-specialized medical facility. B．It is facing great financial pressure in rescuing injured koalas. C．It plans to expand its scale to better protect koalas in the future. D．It has successfully saved most of the koalas injured in wildfires. 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Impact of Australian wildfires on biodiversity. B．Rescue of injured koalas after Australian wildfires. C．Koalas’ severe threats and urgent need for conservation. D．The living habits of koalas and their dependence on eucalyptus leaves. D Individuals are different in how they react to anxiety. Some bury their heads in the sand and ignore the mounting sense of anxiety that seems to occupy the society. Others are in a watchful state and can’t get enough of the up-to-the-minute news and social media feeds. Martin Buber once stated that we related to three things around us: nature, our fellow men, and how you view the world. When we are in a burdened (忧虑的) state, we tend to take no notice of any of these. When we become unburdened from our depressed selves, we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of thankfulness. At a time when news reports are only a click away, people’s anxiety becomes extreme. Because of 24/7 media, the international and the interpersonal have integrated in a way that we have never seen before. It seems that we’ve lost the ability to maintain our inner peace — and that’s not just a matter of having opposing views about issues. It’s a matter of not having the patience to involve in delightful communication and to hear each other. Changing the situation can’t be achieved overnight. It’s not accidental, which must be approached with strength. It comes from the efforts to obtain understanding and calm. Our age of anxiety presents us with challenges. But out of adversity comes opportunity. Never can we maintain calm and experience thankfulness at a time when we are burdened, worried, and anxious. Like anything else, relaxation and calm take a bit of work. Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings — including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited. As you may realize, it is taking things for granted that robs you of the fruits of your labor. Praying for goodness and planting seeds of gratitude may be our only way out. 12．What might happen to a relaxed person? A．Keeping up with the latest news items. B．Seeing the beauty in the surroundings. C．Paying no attention to the state of mind. D．Getting on well with nature and fellows. 13．What makes people anxiety-stricken? A．The large amount of information. B．The widespread false news. C．The opposing views online. D．The lack of peaceful talks. 14．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Methods to overcome challenges and difficulties. B．Steps to robbing people of their fruits of labor. C．Tips on limiting exposure to news updates. D．Ways to ease anxiety and value blessings. 15．Which might be a suitable title for the text? A．Count Blessings Instead of Challenges B．Watch Out for the Traps of Media C．Be Thankful in an Age of Anxiety D．Take Nothing Online for Granted 七选五 It is widely accepted that exposure to language — whether through reading, speaking, or singing — plays an essential role in early childhood development. Engaging with language helps build neural connections that support cognitive growth. 16 This is largely because written texts generally contain richer and more complex vocabulary than everyday spoken communication. In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward introducing formal literacy skills at a very early age, sometimes even during preschool. 17 Many parents and educators believe that starting earlier allows more time for children to master reading, potentially giving them an academic advantage. However, educational research indicates that this early push for reading does not always lead to better long-term results. 18 In fact, some studies show that children who begin reading instruction later, around age six or seven, often catch up quickly to those who started earlier. 19 One reason may be that older children can more easily connect what they read to their existing knowledge and experiences, which supports deeper comprehension. Therefore, focusing too much on very early literacy may be misguided. 20 What matters most is creating a supportive, language-rich environment full of stories, conversations, and interactive experiences — not enforcing a strict, premature teaching schedule. The real goal should be cultivating a genuine love for communication and stories from the beginning. A．Unfortunately, this can lead to decreased interest in reading later in life. B．On the contrary, it may even cause unnecessary pressure on young kids. C．In fact, the benefits of early reading may be less than many people expect. D．For example, reading aloud to children can significantly boost their vocabulary. E．Moreover, these children sometimes develop stronger reading comprehension skills. F．They assume that the earlier a child reads, the more successful they will be academically. G．In other words, early reading doesn’t necessarily make a child a better reader in the long run. 二、完形填空 Angela grew up in a family where “I love you” was hardly heard — they always 21 showing deep feelings. One day, she took her two teens to visit their great grandma in a nursing home. On the way, she 22 stories of the old lady; Great Grandma was smart but had few 23 as a countryside Tennessee woman. Others looked down on her for her southern accent (口音), but she 24 sighed. She did all work better than others to prove her 25 . To the kids, Great Grandma was a stranger despite the stories. She had poor memory, often forgot their names, but still 26 them at Scrabble, a word-building board game. During the visit, Angela’s son stayed by Great Grandma’s side, helping her 27 with a walker. Her daughter, inspired by her brother, 28 to help too. When leaving, the kids hugged Great Grandma and said “Love you” 29 . Angela was caught off guard. Her family never spoke such words, so she hesitated (犹豫). But the kids’ actions 30 her. She let go of her old habit, and when Great Grandma hugged her, Angela 31 said, “I love you, too.” Great Grandma was 32 — poor memory took away her shame of expressing love. She held Angela in her arms. Angela realized that her teens had taught her a valuable lesson: 33 needs to be spoken out. It’s never too late to 34 your true feelings to the ones you 35 . 21．A．feared B．avoided C．considered D．remembered 22．A．shared B．invented C．explored D．noted 23．A．purposes B．friendships C．difficulties D．opportunities 24．A．often B．still C．never D．sometimes 25．A．kindness B．ability C．honesty D．weakness 26．A．beat B．organised C．reminded D．observed 27．A．walk B．memorize C．mend D．locate 28．A．tended B．offered C．forgot D．refused 29．A．sharply B．calmly C．naturally D．anxiously 30．A．puzzled B．prevented C．guided D．annoyed 31．A．finally B．easily C．curiously D．politely 32．A．intelligent B．excited C．interested D．disappointed 33．A．apology B．friendship C．comfort D．love 34．A．explain B．introduce C．award D．express 35．A．look for B．come across C．care about D．depend on 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pang Zhongwang, 36 doctoral student at Tsinghua University’s Department of Precision Instruments, was named one of “Touching China’s 2024 Persons of the Year” on Saturday. 37 (grow) up in extreme poverty, he faced enormous hardships. His father suffered from schizophrenia (精神分裂症), and his mother, 38 lower body was paralyzed, used a wheelchair. Despite facing considerable challenges in his family, he remained optimistic, holding onto the belief that “knowledge changes fate”. In 2017, Pang 39 (admit) to Tsinghua University with a high score. 40 (initial), he feared being a disappointment, but he found his path in research, persisting through numerous failures. He refused donations, relying instead 41 school scholarships. His mother, who named him “Zhongwang” (meaning “the hope of all”), taught him always to look forward. “Mom smiles every day——why should I feel sad?” he once said. Sadly, his mother passed away in 2020, just before he was granted the opportunity 42 (pursue) a doctorate at Tsinghua. As a top scholar, he 43 (publish) SCI papers over the past few years and holds patents, aiming to “serve the country through 44 (science) research”—a mission he wholeheartedly embraces. Pang’s story will inspire other children from disadvantage backgrounds to study diligently and change their destinies. His journey shows us 45 with hope and determination, we can all live up to expectations and create our own brilliance. 四、书信写作 46．假如你是李华。你所在的城市将要举办国际美食旅游节（International Food and Tourism Festival），现向全市招募志愿者。请你用英语给此次活动的组委会写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 提出申请；2. 个人优势；3.表达期望。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 五、书面表达 47．读后续写 The wind howled like a wounded beast, slamming snowflakes against Li Wei’s face so hard they stung. He’d lost sight of his climbing partner, Zhang Hua, thirty minutes earlier when the blizzard hit the mountain — sudden, violent, and unforgiving. Their plan had been to reach the mid-mountain shelter before dusk, but now, dusk was long gone, and Li Wei found himself trapped on a narrow ledge, his gloved hands clinging to a frozen rock. His phone had died an hour ago, and the temperature was dropping fast. Li Wei could feel his toes going numb inside his boots, and his breath came in short, white puffs. “Zhang Hua! Zhang Hua!” he shouted, but his voice was swallowed by the wind. Panic gnawed at his chest — he’d read stories of climbers freezing to death on this mountain, their bodies found months later, preserved in snow. Just as he was about to give in to despair, a faint orange glow flickered in the distance. It was weak, almost hidden by the swirling snow, but it was there. Could it be the shelter? Or was it a trick of his freezing mind? Li Wei tightened his grip on the rock, trying to make out more details. The glow didn’t move, and it seemed to grow a little brighter every few seconds. With a surge of hope, he decided to move toward it. But the ledge was slippery, and one wrong step would send him plummeting into the dark abyss below. He inched forward, step by step, his eyes fixed on the glow. After what felt like an eternity, he reached a small cave entrance, and the glow became clearer—it was a small lantern, placed on a rock inside the cave. Li Wei stumbled in, collapsing onto the cold ground. The lantern’s light revealed a crumpled sleeping bag in the corner, but no sign of Zhang Hua. Where was his partner? Just then, he heard a faint, muffled sound from outside — the creak of ice, followed by a scream. Paragraph1： Li Wei scrambled to his feet, grabbing the lantern and rushing out of the cave. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2： When Li Wei finally pulled Zhang Hua onto the ledge, both of them were trembling violently. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 定语从句 ( 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 ) （一）考查核心能力 关系词的准确选用能力：定语从句重点考查考生能否根据先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）的性质（是人、物、时间、地点等）以及从句在整个句子中所起的作用（作主语、宾语、状语等），准确地选择合适的关系词（如 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等）来引导定语从句，使句子结构和语义都正确合理。 从句与先行词及主句的逻辑关联理解能力：需要理解定语从句与先行词之间是修饰限定的关系，同时要把握好定语从句在整个主句语境中所表达的逻辑意义，确保其融入主句后能让整个句子表意清晰、逻辑连贯，不出现理解上的歧义或语法错误。 （二）关键关注要点 先行词的特点判断：仔细分析先行词是表示人、物、抽象概念、时间、地点还是原因等不同类别，因为这会直接影响关系词的选择。例如，先行词表示人时，常用 who、whom、whose 等关系词；先行词为物时，which、that 等较为常用。 关系词在从句中的作用分析：明确关系词在定语从句中充当的成分至关重要，它可能作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。比如关系词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致；作宾语时，还要注意是否可以省略等情况。 从句限定性与非限定性的区分：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定、明确范围的作用，是句子不可或缺的部分，若去掉会影响句子意思的完整性；非限定性定语从句则只是对先行词做补充说明，有逗号与主句隔开，去掉后不影响主句基本意思的表达，只是少了一些额外的补充信息，而且引导非限定性定语从句时不能用 that。 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh-型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时； ②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：place, country等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由或原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [易错提醒] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age 等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作状语时，关系词用when。　　 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 知识点1　关系代词引导的定语从句　 例1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford－upon－Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tang Xianzu，从句中缺少主语，应用who引导。故填who。 例2．(2024·浙江高考1月)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】设空处引导定语从句，先行词为way，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 例3．(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood, ________ doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 1．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life ... 【答案】that/which　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that　 【解析】空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词species，且在定语从句中作主语。因为先行词前面有all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that。 4．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【答案】who　 【解析】分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Cao Shengkang，在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用who引导该定语从句。 5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose　 【解析】设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词an artist，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。 知识点2　关系副词引导的定语从句　 例1．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where　 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 例2．(2021·天津高考改编)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 【答案】when　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词season，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 1．The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. 【答案】where 【解析】设空处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为On Famous Paintings through the Ages，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2.According to traditions, on the morning of the day ________ the baby turns one month old, sacrifices are offered to the ancestors so that they will protect the baby in the future. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：根据传统，在婴儿满月的那天早上，人们会向祖先献祭，以求祖先将来能够保佑婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the morning of the day，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 3．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, ________ the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：现代风格出现在20世纪80年代及以后，当时设计师和艺术家采用了新的材料、图案和剪裁，对旗袍进行了重新设计。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the 1980s and onward，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 4．The lock is produced through a complex technique ________ countless small wooden pieces are crafted to interlock without the use of nails. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：这把锁是通过一种复杂的技术生产的，其中无数的小木块被制作成互锁，而不需要使用钉子。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为technique，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 知识点3“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 例1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in ________ over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 【答案】which　 【解析】此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为an experiment，指物，关系代词只能用 which来引导。 例2．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage ________ which the system knows what it's talking about. 【答案】at　 【解析】此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为a stage，常和介词at搭配，故用at which来引导。 例3．You are generous with your time, for I’m sincerely grateful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在时间上很慷慨，对此我由衷感激。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“You are generous with your time”，且关系词在从句中作介词“for”的宾语，需用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 1．If you lent him a book which he was unfamiliar, it would be returned faultlessly wrapped in tissue paper and tied with coloured ribbon like a gift. 【答案】with 【详解】考查定语从句与固定搭配。句意：如果你借给他一本他不熟悉的书，他会完好无损地还给你，用薄纸包好，系上彩带，就像一份礼物一样。“be unfamiliar with”是固定短语，意为“对……不熟悉”。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词作介词的宾语，介词“with”需置于关系代词“which”之前。故填with。 2．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：他收藏了一批古董手表，其中大部分是20世纪60年代在瑞士制造的。根据先行词vintage watches以及逗号可知，“most of ____ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s”是非限制性定语从句，且most of后需接关系代词。先行词指物，此空应用which，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。 3．She gave birth to three daughters, the second of died as a child. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她生了三个女儿，其中第二个在小时候就去世了。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是three daughters，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 4．He has written two books, the first of was published in 2024. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了两本书，其中第一本于2024年出版。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词two books，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．Jane had many new friends in the school, with she shared her feelings. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：简在学校有很多新朋友，她会和这些朋友分享自己的感受。先行词为new friends，关系词在定语从句中作with的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 一、单项选择 1．This is the best book ______ I have ever read. A．which B．that C．what D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我读过的最好的书。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the best book，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词有形容词最高级修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故选B。 2．This is the small library ________ we often read books after school. A．which B．what C．that D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们放学后经常读书的那个小图书馆。分析句子结构可知，This is the small library是主句，空处引导定语从句。根据“we often read books after school (主谓宾完整)”可知，先行词library在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选D。 3．My new bike, ________ my father gave me as a birthday gift, was stolen yesterday. A．which B．that C．where D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我那辆新买的自行车（是父亲在我生日时送给我的礼物）昨天被偷了。先行词“my new bike”在非限制性定语从句中作“gave”的宾语，且非限制性定语从句中不能用“that”，故用“which”。故选A。 4．Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A．with whom B．for whom C．with which D．for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在几个月内，丹尼尔帮助筹集了2万美元，用这笔钱在肯尼亚建立了一家诊所。“________ a clinic was set up in Kenya”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$20,000，表示“用这笔钱”，应用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，指物只能用which，根据句意“用这笔钱”可知，应使用介词with，表示使用的工具或手段，即“with+which”引导定语从句。故选C。 5．The funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way ________ he walked when he was acting as the Tramp. A．which B．how C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：查理·卓别林最有趣的地方是他在扮演流浪汉时的走路方式。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，关系词可以用that、in which或者省略关系词。故选D。 6．The oldest museum ________ was built over a century ago is being repaired this year. A．who B．that C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座建于一个多世纪前的最古老博物馆，今年正在进行修缮。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词museum指物，从句缺少主语，且先行词被形容词最高级oldest修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导从句。故选B。 7．The father ________ tells stories before bedtime has created many sweet memories for his children. A．what B．which C．whom D．who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：睡前讲故事的父亲给孩子们留下了许多美好的回忆。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词father是人，因此空格处用关系代词who引导定语从句，故选D。 8．Getting good grades in high school will help you enter a good university, ________ will enable you to have a bright future. A．that B．which C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在高中取得好成绩会帮助你进入一所好大学，这会让你拥有光明的未来。分析句子结构，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导，故选B。 9．I honor endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means ________ men achieve great ends. A．through which B．with which C．by which D．in which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我尊崇耐力、毅力、勤奋、才华；因为这些是人们实现伟大目标的手段。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，by means of是固定短语，意为“借助于”，先行词means是物，因此空格处用by which引导定语从句。故选C。 10．She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A．to finish; but B．finishing; and C．finishing; which D．finished; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：她做这道练习题有困难，而我们之前以为这道题很容易做。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，其中“in”可省略，因此第一个空需填动名词形式 finishing。第二个空中，the exercise为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为which。we had thought在句子中是插入语。故选C。 11．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记在北京大学度过的那些日子，这对我的人生产生了巨大的影响。空处①引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词days，在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that；空处②引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故选A。 12．The school library, ______ was completed just last month with a large collection of new books, has already become the most popular place on campus for students. A．which B．who C．whose D．where 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学校图书馆上个月刚刚竣工，收藏了大量新书，已经成为校园里最受学生欢迎的地方。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词The school library，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。故选A。 13．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 260 days. A．from which B．during which C．of which D．for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老水手环球航行用了九个月的时间，其中航行总时长为 260 天。根据选项内容可知，空格后的部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词nine months；非限定性定语从句中的which，指代的是主句中的nine months，由于the sailing time与nine months是所属关系，所以用of which。故选C项。 14．Did you visit the forest reserve in Peru, ________ holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area? A．where B．it C．which D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你是否去过秘鲁的森林保护区？那里保持着单一区域观测到最多鸟类物种的记录。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the forest reserve作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选C。 15．______ is most significant is the way ______ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A．What, in which B．That, that C．Whether, in that D．What, how 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：最重要的是人们建造梯田和种植水稻的方式。第一空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，用what引导；第二空引导定语从句，修饰名词the way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略，为固定用法，故选A。 16．This is the library ________ we often read books after school. A．which B．whom C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们放学后经常读书的图书馆。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the library，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选C。 二、语法填空 1．The volunteer organizes community charity activities every weekend is my neighbor. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个每个周末组织社区慈善活动的志愿者是我的邻居。“______ organizes community charity activities every weekend”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteer，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 2．She has tried everything could help her younger brother get rid of the bad habit. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她尝试了一切能帮助她弟弟改掉坏习惯的方法。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为everything，是不定代词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 3． is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如通常情况那样，春天的天气变化无常。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处表示“常有的事”，用固定结构as is often the case，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，表示“正如……；就像……”，代指逗号后面整个句子，且单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 4．The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：披头士乐队，正如你们中许多年纪足够大的人所记得的那样，来自利物浦。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，即“披头士乐队来自利物浦这件”事，从句中remember缺少宾语，且需要“正如”之意，因此用关系代词as作引导词。故填as。 5．You’ve got something is potentially going to save somebody’s life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你已经得到了可能会拯救某人的性命的东西。空处引导定语从句，先行词是something，指物，从句中缺少主语，因先行词是不定代词，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 6．I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, was surrounded by blooming flowers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我决定用水彩画描绘公园池塘上的那座小桥，它被盛开的鲜花所环绕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the small bridge作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 7．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, made him the shortest player ever in the NBA．(用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：博格斯只有 1.6 米高，这让他成为了 NBA 历史上最矮的球员。空处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子，关系代词为which。故填which。 8．His parents would not allow him to marry anyone family was poor.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的父母不允许他和任何家庭贫穷的人结婚。空处引导定语从句，先行词是anyone，关系词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 9．It appears that their relationship has reached a point they have to consider divorce. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：看来他们的关系已经到了必须考虑离婚的地步。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，是抽象地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 一、阅读理解 A The 2025 Leeds Football Festival ★The 5th Leeds Middle School Football Tournament will take place on August 20, at the John Charles Centre for Sport in Leeds. There will be boys and girls divisions for grades7-8. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches. Team registration costs £95 per team, and each player will receive a tournament T-shirt. In the past two years, over 30 teams from Leeds and neighboring towns have participated. ★The 2025 Leeds City Football Championship will be held on September 15, at the First Direct Bank Arena. This event features teams from local schools and community centres, including the popular Leeds United Football Club and the Leeds City College Team. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches, and matches will be officiated by professional referees. The cost of the tournament is £120 per team. ★The 2025 Leeds Youth Football Cup will take place on October 2, at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium. This tournament is open to teams from local schools and community centres, with a focus on promoting community spirit and sportsmanship. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches. The cost of the tournament is £70 per team. ★The 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown is now forming teams for the 3rd or the 4th grade boys and girls football league. The league starts on October 28, with two matches per week for six weeks. Matches will be played on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The cost is £20 per team. 1．Which competition starts the earliest? A．The 5th Leeds Middle School Football Tournament. B．The 2025 Leeds City Football Championship. C．The 2025 Leeds Youth Football Cup. D．The 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown. 2．What does the 2025 Leeds City Football Championship focus on? A．The safety. B．The fairness. C．The influence. D．The award. 3．What is the advantage of the 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown? A．Lower entry cost. B．More local teams. C．Fewer match schedules. D．More wonderful performance. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2025年利兹足球节的四项赛事，包括举办时间、地点、参赛要求、费用等关键信息。 1．细节理解题。根据各项赛事的时间描述：“The 5th Leeds Middle School Football Tournament will take place on August 20 (第五届利兹中学足球锦标赛将于8月20日举行)”、“The 2025 Leeds City Football Championship will be held on September 15 (2025年利兹城市足球锦标赛将于9月15日举行)”、“The 2025 Leeds Youth Football Cup will take place on October 2 (2025年利兹青年足球杯将于10月2日举行)”、“The 2025 Leeds Grand Finale Football Showdown... starts on October 28 (2025年利兹足球总决赛将于10月28日开赛)”可知，8月20日是最早的时间，对应的赛事是第五届利兹中学足球锦标赛。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This event features teams from local schools and community centres, including the popular Leeds United Football Club and the Leeds City College Team. Each team is guaranteed a minimum of three matches, and matches will be officiated by professional referees.(该赛事有来自当地学校和社区中心的球队参赛，包括知名的利兹联足球俱乐部和利兹城市学院队。每支球队至少能保证三场比赛，且所有比赛都将由专业裁判执法。)”可知，专业裁判执法能保障比赛的公平公正，由此可推断该赛事注重公平性。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。对比四项赛事的参赛费用：第五届利兹中学足球锦标赛每队95英镑、利兹城市足球锦标赛每队120英镑、利兹青年足球杯每队70英镑、利兹足球总决赛每队20英镑可知，利兹足球总决赛的参赛费用最低，这是其显著优势。故选A项。 B Upon discovering her grandma Georgie’s sketches (草图) in 2021, Julia, a TikToker, barely knew how to sew clothes. However, she decided to take it upon herself to make Grandma’s old designer dreams come alive. And it was not surprising at all that when Julia shared her hard work with her absolutely delighted Grandma, and later her followers — more than 21 million viewers tuned in to see what the most adorable version of Paris Fashion Week looked like. What a sight it was. When Julia first came across her grandma’s fashion design sketches that were almost three times as old as she was, she was attracted by them. So were her unexpected online viewers, 2.7 million of them, who shared Julia’s appreciation of these drawings, leading to her first viral video. “I knew Grandma was talented, but I thought, ‘Wow, these are really much better than what I was imagining in my head’”, she told an interviewer. Using the leftover material from her grandmother’s collection of outdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many of the dresses Georgie imagined. She notes that she doesn’t always follow her “grandma’s sketches”, as what looks good on paper might not suit the body. “Grandma encourages that,” Julia explains. This ongoing cooperation across generations has led to an extremely popular series online in which Julia shows Georgie what she’s created. It also sparks sweet conversations between the two of them, which are shared on video. “It’s a beautiful bonding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said. “Lots of people who are older and watch my videos say they love seeing someone younger appreciate something from their generation,” she said. “And then younger people see it and maybe they lost their grandparents, and they say seeing my videos reminds them of their grandparents,” said Julia. 4．What did Julia decide to do with Georgie’s sketches? A．To sell them online. B．To donate them to a museum. C．To bring them to Paris Fashion Week. D．To learn sewing to realize Georgie’s dream. 5．What made Julia’s first video go viral? A．Her sewing skills. B．Grandma’s old fabric. C．Her appreciation of the sketches. D．Her Paris Fashion Week participation. 6．Why did Julia’s video become popular on social media? A．It teaches people how to sew. B．It displays expansive fashion brands. C．It sparks conversations between people. D．It bridges the gap between different generations. 7．What kind of person is Julia? A．Brave and polite. B．Talented and creative. C．Honest and humorous. D．Considerate and generous. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．D 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Georgie年轻时曾经梦想成为一名服装设计师。她的这一梦想多年后被自己的孙女Julia偶然发现，从而得以梦想成真。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Upon discovering her grandma Georgie’s sketches (草图) in 2021, Julia, a TikToker, barely knew how to sew clothes. However, she decided to take it upon herself to make Grandma’s old designer dreams come alive.( 2021年，朱莉娅在发现她奶奶乔治娅的草图后，发现自己几乎不会缝制衣服。不过，她还是决定自己动手，让奶奶那些曾经的设计师梦想成真)”可知，朱莉娅决定学习缝纫以实现乔治的梦想。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“So were her unexpected online viewers, 2.7 million of them, who shared Julia’s appreciation of these drawings, leading to her first viral video. “I knew Grandma was talented, but I thought, ‘Wow, these are really much better than what I was imagining in my head’”, she told an interviewer.(同样对她这些作品产生意外关注的还有那270万的网络观众，他们与朱莉娅一样欣赏这些画作，从而促成了她的首个热门视频的诞生。她在接受采访时说：“我知道奶奶很有才华，但我当时心想，‘哇，这些画真的比我想象中的要好得多’。”)”可知，对这些绘画的欣赏之情让朱莉娅的第一段视频走红网络。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“This ongoing cooperation across generations has led to an extremely popular series online in which Julia shows Georgie what she’s created. It also sparks sweet conversations between the two of them, which are shared on video. “It’s a beautiful bonding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said.(这种跨越代际的持续合作促成了一个广受欢迎的网络系列节目，节目中朱莉娅向乔治展示她所创作的作品。这也让祖孙俩之间产生了温馨的交流，这些交流通过视频形式分享了出来。她说：“这是我们之间一段美好的亲密互动经历，也让奶奶很开心。”)”可知，Julia的视频作品在TikTok走红的原因是：它弥合了不同代际之间的差距。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nonetheless, she decided to take it upon herself to make Grandma’s old designer dreams come alive.(尽管如此，她还是决定亲自行动起来，让奶奶那些久远的时尚梦想得以实现)”和最后一段““Lots of people who are older and watch my videos say they love seeing someone younger appreciate something from their generation,” she said. “And then younger people see it and maybe they lost their grandparents, and they say seeing my videos reminds them of their grandparents,” said Julia.(“很多年长的观众在观看我的视频后都说，他们很喜欢看到一个比自己年轻的人对他们这一代人的事物表示喜爱。”朱莉娅说道。“而年轻观众看到这些视频时，也许他们已经失去了自己的祖父母，于是他们会说看到我的视频让他们想起了自己的祖父母。”)”可知，Julia想办法让奶奶的梦想成真，而且她的创作让很多人欣慰，故她是有爱心的。根据第三段“Using the leftover material from her grandmother’s collection of outdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many of the dresses Georgie imagined. She notes that she doesn’t always follow her “grandma’s sketches”, as what looks good on paper might not suit the body. “Grandma encourages that,” Julia explains.(利用祖母收藏的过时布料中剩余的部分，朱莉娅为乔治伊设计的许多服装都得以缝制完成。她指出，自己并不总是严格按照“祖母的草图”来制作，因为纸上看起来好看的款式未必适合自己身材。“祖母鼓励这种做法。”朱莉娅解释道)”可知，Julia并不是照搬奶奶的设计，她根据实际情况进行了改动，可见她很有才华。故选B。 C One after another, injured koalas with burned paws and singed fur were carried into the rescue center. Suffering from severe dehydration and fear, they received urgent care from dedicated staff who bandaged their wounds, swaddled them gently, and placed them in baskets equipped with a familiar comfort: eucalyptus leaves. This heartbreaking scene became frequent as catastrophic wildfires, which have consumed millions of acres in Australia, forced the rescue of dozens of koalas from burning trees and ash-covered ground. The plight of the koala, an iconic Australian symbol, has raised serious concerns among conservationists and scientists. They are questioning how to protect biodiversity in a country already experiencing intense fires, extreme heat, and water shortage — a nation that already has one of the highest rates of species extinction in the world. Although koalas have adapted to coexist with periodic wildfires, they now face threats on an unprecedented (史无前例的) scale. These challenges stem not only from climate change but also from extensive human development. The rise of urban areas and agriculture has split the koalas’ natural habitats, isolating populations and reducing their ability to survive disasters. In some regions, koala numbers have dropped by as much as 80%, though accurate counts across the vast continent remain difficult to obtain. “The fires are a tragedy for our wildlife,” said Cheyne Flanagan, clinical director of the Koala Hospital, the only facility of its kind globally. “We have these unique animals that exist nowhere else on Earth, and we are failing to protect them. This should serve as a massive wake-up call for everyone.” The situation underscores the urgent need for coordinated conservation efforts. It is clear that without significant intervention, the future of this beloved species remains uncertain. The loss of the koala would not only be an ecological disaster but also a cultural tragedy for Australia and the world. 8．What does the underlined word “plight” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Tough situation. B．Special habit. C．Cute appearance. D．Polluted environment. 9．Why are koalas now facing more serious threats than before? A．The Australian government ignores their survival. B．Climate change and human development bring risks. C．Conservationists have no effective protection measures. D．Their main food (eucalyptus leaves) has sharply decreased. 10．What can we learn about the Koala Hospital from Cheyne Flanagan’s statement? A．It is the world’s only koala-specialized medical facility. B．It is facing great financial pressure in rescuing injured koalas. C．It plans to expand its scale to better protect koalas in the future. D．It has successfully saved most of the koalas injured in wildfires. 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Impact of Australian wildfires on biodiversity. B．Rescue of injured koalas after Australian wildfires. C．Koalas’ severe threats and urgent need for conservation. D．The living habits of koalas and their dependence on eucalyptus leaves. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．A 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了澳大利亚大火致考拉受伤、生存受气候变化与人类发展威胁，其作为标志性物种处境危急，文章呼吁需协同保护以挽救这一物种。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This heartbreaking scene became frequent as catastrophic wildfires, which have consumed millions of acres in Australia, forced the rescue of dozens of koalas from burning trees and ash-covered ground.(这一令人痛心的场景频繁出现，因为这场在澳大利亚肆虐、烧毁了数百万英亩土地的灾难性大火，迫使人们从燃烧的树木和满是灰烬的地面中救出数十只考拉)”以及后文“They are questioning how to protect biodiversity in a country already experiencing intense fires, extreme heat, and water shortage — a nation that already has one of the highest rates of species extinction in the world.(他们正在思考如何在该国已经遭受严重火灾、极端高温和水资源短缺的状况下保护生物多样性——这个国家已经是世界上物种灭绝率最高的国家之一)”可知，考拉面临许多困境。故划线词意思是“困境；艰难处境”。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“These challenges stem not only from climate change but also from extensive human development.(这些挑战不仅源于气候变化，还源于大规模的人类发展活动)”可知，考拉如今面临的风险比以往更加严峻了是因为气候变化和人类发展带来了风险。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““The fires are a tragedy for our wildlife,” said Cheyne Flanagan, clinical director of the Koala Hospital, the only facility of its kind globally. (“这些火灾对我们的野生动物来说是一场悲剧。”考拉医院的临床主任切恩·弗拉纳根说道，该医院是全球唯一一家此类性质的医疗机构)”可知，考拉医院是世界上唯一一家专门针对考拉的医疗机构。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This heartbreaking scene became frequent as catastrophic wildfires, which have consumed millions of acres in Australia, forced the rescue of dozens of koalas from burning trees and ash-covered ground. The plight of the koala, an iconic Australian symbol, has raised serious concerns among conservationists and scientists. They are questioning how to protect biodiversity in a country already experiencing intense fires, extreme heat, and water shortage — a nation that already has one of the highest rates of species extinction in the world.(这一令人痛心的场景频繁出现，原因是澳大利亚发生的灾难性野火已烧毁了数百万英亩土地，迫使救援人员从燃烧的树木和满是灰烬的地面中救出数十只考拉。考拉这一澳大利亚的标志性象征所面临的困境，引发了环保人士和科学家们的严重关注。他们正在思考如何在该国已经遭受严重火灾、极端高温和水资源短缺的状况下保护生物多样性——这个国家已经是世界上物种灭绝率最高的国家之一)”结合文章主要说明了澳大利亚大火致考拉受伤、生存受气候变化与人类发展威胁，其作为标志性物种处境危急，文章呼吁需协同保护以挽救这一物种。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是考拉面临的严重威胁以及迫切的保护需求。故选C。 D Individuals are different in how they react to anxiety. Some bury their heads in the sand and ignore the mounting sense of anxiety that seems to occupy the society. Others are in a watchful state and can’t get enough of the up-to-the-minute news and social media feeds. Martin Buber once stated that we related to three things around us: nature, our fellow men, and how you view the world. When we are in a burdened (忧虑的) state, we tend to take no notice of any of these. When we become unburdened from our depressed selves, we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of thankfulness. At a time when news reports are only a click away, people’s anxiety becomes extreme. Because of 24/7 media, the international and the interpersonal have integrated in a way that we have never seen before. It seems that we’ve lost the ability to maintain our inner peace — and that’s not just a matter of having opposing views about issues. It’s a matter of not having the patience to involve in delightful communication and to hear each other. Changing the situation can’t be achieved overnight. It’s not accidental, which must be approached with strength. It comes from the efforts to obtain understanding and calm. Our age of anxiety presents us with challenges. But out of adversity comes opportunity. Never can we maintain calm and experience thankfulness at a time when we are burdened, worried, and anxious. Like anything else, relaxation and calm take a bit of work. Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings — including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited. As you may realize, it is taking things for granted that robs you of the fruits of your labor. Praying for goodness and planting seeds of gratitude may be our only way out. 12．What might happen to a relaxed person? A．Keeping up with the latest news items. B．Seeing the beauty in the surroundings. C．Paying no attention to the state of mind. D．Getting on well with nature and fellows. 13．What makes people anxiety-stricken? A．The large amount of information. B．The widespread false news. C．The opposing views online. D．The lack of peaceful talks. 14．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Methods to overcome challenges and difficulties. B．Steps to robbing people of their fruits of labor. C．Tips on limiting exposure to news updates. D．Ways to ease anxiety and value blessings. 15．Which might be a suitable title for the text? A．Count Blessings Instead of Challenges B．Watch Out for the Traps of Media C．Be Thankful in an Age of Anxiety D．Take Nothing Online for Granted 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在焦虑时代人们面对焦虑的不同反应，指出媒体使人们极度焦虑，强调要努力克服焦虑，心怀感恩。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When we become unburdened from our depressed selves, we are able to discover the delights and wonders around and experience a deep sense of thankfulness.(当我们从压抑的自我中解脱出来时，我们能够发现周围的乐趣和奇迹，并体验到深深的感激之情)”可知，一个放松的人能够看到周围环境的美。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At a time when news reports are only a click away, people’s anxiety becomes extreme. Because of 24/7 media, the international and the interpersonal have integrated in a way that we have never seen before. It seems that we’ve lost the ability to maintain our inner peace — and that’s not just a matter of having opposing views about issues.(在新闻报道触手可及的时代，人们的焦虑情绪愈发严重。由于媒体的24小时不间断报道，国际事务与人际关系的融合达到了前所未有的程度。我们似乎已经失去了保持内心平静的能力——这不仅仅是对问题持有不同看法的问题)”可知，由于媒体的24小时不间断报道，国际和人际交流以前所未有的方式融合在一起，新闻报告也只是一次点击之遥，这使得人们的焦虑变得更加严重。因此，信息过载是导致人们焦虑的原因。故选A。 14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Like anything else, relaxation and calm take a bit of work. Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings — including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited.(像其他事情一样，放松和冷静需要一点努力。试着限制自己对新闻更新的接触，花点时间数数自己的福气——包括你生活中的人和你从中受益的财富)”可知，最后一段主要讲了缓解焦虑和珍惜祝福的方法。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Never can we maintain calm and experience thankfulness at a time when we are burdened, worried, and anxious. Like anything else, relaxation and calm take a bit of work. Attempt to limit your exposure to updates on the news and take a couple of moments to count your blessings — including the people in your life and the fortune from which you’ve benefited.(当我们负担沉重、忧心忡忡、焦虑不安时，我们永远无法保持冷静和感恩。像其他事情一样，放松和冷静需要一点努力。试着限制自己对新闻更新的接触，花点时间数数自己的福气——包括你生活中的人和你从中受益的财富)”可知，文章主要讲述了在焦虑时代人们应保持平静、心怀感恩。由此可知，C项“Be Thankful in an Age of Anxiety(在焦虑时代心怀感恩)”适合作为文章标题。故选C。 七选五 It is widely accepted that exposure to language — whether through reading, speaking, or singing — plays an essential role in early childhood development. Engaging with language helps build neural connections that support cognitive growth. 16 This is largely because written texts generally contain richer and more complex vocabulary than everyday spoken communication. In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward introducing formal literacy skills at a very early age, sometimes even during preschool. 17 Many parents and educators believe that starting earlier allows more time for children to master reading, potentially giving them an academic advantage. However, educational research indicates that this early push for reading does not always lead to better long-term results. 18 In fact, some studies show that children who begin reading instruction later, around age six or seven, often catch up quickly to those who started earlier. 19 One reason may be that older children can more easily connect what they read to their existing knowledge and experiences, which supports deeper comprehension. Therefore, focusing too much on very early literacy may be misguided. 20 What matters most is creating a supportive, language-rich environment full of stories, conversations, and interactive experiences — not enforcing a strict, premature teaching schedule. The real goal should be cultivating a genuine love for communication and stories from the beginning. A．Unfortunately, this can lead to decreased interest in reading later in life. B．On the contrary, it may even cause unnecessary pressure on young kids. C．In fact, the benefits of early reading may be less than many people expect. D．For example, reading aloud to children can significantly boost their vocabulary. E．Moreover, these children sometimes develop stronger reading comprehension skills. F．They assume that the earlier a child reads, the more successful they will be academically. G．In other words, early reading doesn’t necessarily make a child a better reader in the long run. 【答案】16．D 17．F 18．C 19．E 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了早期阅读对儿童发展的影响，指出过早强调阅读可能带来的问题，并强调创造语言丰富环境的重要性。 16．上文“Engaging with language helps build neural connections that support cognitive growth.(接触语言有助于建立支持认知发展的神经连接)”阐述了接触语言的好处，D选项“For example, reading aloud to children can significantly boost their vocabulary.(例如，给孩子大声朗读可以显著提高他们的词汇量)”通过举例进一步说明接触语言的具体方式及其带来的好处，与上文构成例证关系，上下文衔接紧密。故选D项。 17．上文“In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward introducing formal literacy skills at a very early age, sometimes even during preschool.(近年来，有一种越来越流行的趋势，即在很小的时候，有时甚至在学前阶段就引入正式的读写技能)”提出早期引入正式读写技能的趋势，F选项“They assume that the earlier a child reads, the more successful they will be academically.(他们认为孩子阅读越早，在学业上就会越成功)”解释了这种趋势背后的原因，即人们认为孩子阅读越早，学业就会越成功，上下文逻辑关系清晰。故选F项。 18．上文“However, educational research indicates that this early push for reading does not always lead to better long-term results.(然而，教育研究表明，这种早期对阅读的推动并不总是带来更好的长期结果)”指出早期阅读的推动并不一定带来好的长期结果，C选项“In fact, the benefits of early reading may be less than many people expect.(事实上，早期阅读的好处可能比许多人预期的要少)”进一步强调早期阅读的好处可能不如人们预期的那么多，与上文意思一致，起到了补充说明的作用。故选C项。 19．上文“In fact, some studies show that children who begin reading instruction later, around age six or seven, often catch up quickly to those who started earlier. (事实上，一些研究表明，开始阅读指导较晚的孩子，大约在6岁或7岁左右，通常会很快赶上那些开始得更早的孩子)”提出在阅读能力上年龄较大的孩子通常会很快赶上那些开始得更早的孩子，E选项“Moreover, these children sometimes develop stronger reading comprehension skills.(此外，这些孩子有时会发展出更强的阅读理解能力)”承接上文，进一步说明这些年龄较大孩子的优势，同时引出下文“One reason may be that older children can more easily connect what they read to their existing knowledge and experiences, which supports deeper comprehension.(一个原因可能是年龄较大的孩子更容易将他们所读的内容与他们现有的知识和经验联系起来，这有助于更深入的理解)”，解释了年龄较大的孩子阅读能力可能更强的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 20．上文“Therefore, focusing too much on very early literacy may be misguided.(因此，过多地关注非常早期的读写能力可能是错误的)”得出结论，指出过多关注早期读写能力可能是错误的，B选项“On the contrary, it may even cause unnecessary pressure on young kids.(相反，它甚至可能给年幼的孩子带来不必要的压力)”进一步说明过多关注早期读写能力可能带来的负面影响，即给孩子带来不必要的压力，与上文构成因果关系，使文章的逻辑更加严密。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Angela grew up in a family where “I love you” was hardly heard — they always 21 showing deep feelings. One day, she took her two teens to visit their great grandma in a nursing home. On the way, she 22 stories of the old lady; Great Grandma was smart but had few 23 as a countryside Tennessee woman. Others looked down on her for her southern accent (口音), but she 24 sighed. She did all work better than others to prove her 25 . To the kids, Great Grandma was a stranger despite the stories. She had poor memory, often forgot their names, but still 26 them at Scrabble, a word-building board game. During the visit, Angela’s son stayed by Great Grandma’s side, helping her 27 with a walker. Her daughter, inspired by her brother, 28 to help too. When leaving, the kids hugged Great Grandma and said “Love you” 29 . Angela was caught off guard. Her family never spoke such words, so she hesitated (犹豫). But the kids’ actions 30 her. She let go of her old habit, and when Great Grandma hugged her, Angela 31 said, “I love you, too.” Great Grandma was 32 — poor memory took away her shame of expressing love. She held Angela in her arms. Angela realized that her teens had taught her a valuable lesson: 33 needs to be spoken out. It’s never too late to 34 your true feelings to the ones you 35 . 21．A．feared B．avoided C．considered D．remembered 22．A．shared B．invented C．explored D．noted 23．A．purposes B．friendships C．difficulties D．opportunities 24．A．often B．still C．never D．sometimes 25．A．kindness B．ability C．honesty D．weakness 26．A．beat B．organised C．reminded D．observed 27．A．walk B．memorize C．mend D．locate 28．A．tended B．offered C．forgot D．refused 29．A．sharply B．calmly C．naturally D．anxiously 30．A．puzzled B．prevented C．guided D．annoyed 31．A．finally B．easily C．curiously D．politely 32．A．intelligent B．excited C．interested D．disappointed 33．A．apology B．friendship C．comfort D．love 34．A．explain B．introduce C．award D．express 35．A．look for B．come across C．care about D．depend on 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安吉拉一家不善于表达爱，但孩子们的举动教会了她“爱要大声说出来”。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安吉拉在一个很少听到“我爱你”的家庭中长大——他们总是避免表达深厚的感情。A. feared害怕；B. avoided避免；C. considered考虑；D. remembered记得。根据上文“Angela grew up in a family where “I love you” was hardly heard”可知，安吉拉的家庭中很少表达深厚的感情，即总是避免表达。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：路上，她给孩子们分享了这位老太太的故事；曾祖母很聪明，但作为田纳西州乡下的女人，她没什么机会。A. shared分享；B. invented发明；C. explored探索；D. noted注意。根据后文“stories of the old lady”可知，安吉拉分享了老太太的故事。故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. purposes目的；B. friendships友谊；C. difficulties困难；D. opportunities机会。根据后文“Others looked down on her for her southern accent”可知，乡下出身和口音让她处于不利地位，拥有的“机会”很少。故选D。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：别人因为她的南方口音而看不起她，但她从不叹息。A. often经常；B. still仍然；C. never从不；D. sometimes有时。根据后文“She did all work better than others to prove her”可知，她从不叹息，而是努力工作证明自己。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把所有的工作都做得比别人好，以证明自己的能力。A. kindness善良；B. ability能力；C. honesty诚实；D. weakness弱点。根据上文“She did all work better than others”可知，她努力工作证明自己的能力。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她记忆力很差，经常忘记他们的名字，但在拼字游戏中仍然能打败他们。A. beat打败；B. organised组织；C. reminded提醒；D. observed观察。根据前文“She had poor memory, often forgot their names, but still”和后文“them at Scrabble”可知，尽管曾祖母记忆力差，但拼字游戏水平高，能“打败”孩子们。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在访问期间，安吉拉的儿子一直陪在曾祖母身边，帮助她用助行器行走。A. walk行走；B. memorize记忆；C. mend修理；D. locate定位。根据后文“with a walker”可知，是帮助行动不便的曾祖母“走路”。故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的女儿受到哥哥的启发，也主动提出要帮忙。A. tended倾向于；B. offered提供，主动提出；C. forgot忘记；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“to help too”可知，女儿也主动提出要帮忙。故选B。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：离开时，孩子们拥抱了曾祖母，自然地说出了“爱你”。A. sharply尖锐地；B. calmly冷静地；C. naturally自然地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据上文“the kids hugged Great Grandma and said “Love you””可知，孩子们的行为是发自内心的，没有刻意或犹豫，“自然地”符合孩童的纯真状态，此处指孩子们自然地说出了“爱你”。故选C。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安吉拉措手不及，她的家人从未说过这样的话，所以她犹豫了，但孩子们的行为引导了她。A. puzzled使困惑；B. prevented阻止；C. guided引导；D. annoyed惹恼。根据前文“the kids hugged Great Grandma and said “Love you””和后文“She let go of her old habit”可知，孩子们的行为引导了她，让她放下了旧习惯。故选C。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她放下了旧习惯，当曾祖母拥抱她时，安吉拉终于说：“我也爱你。”A. finally终于；B. easily容易地；C. curiously好奇地；D. politely礼貌地。根据上文“She let go of her old habit”和下文“said, “I love you, too.””可知，她放下了旧习惯，终于说出了“我也爱你”。故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾祖母很兴奋——糟糕的记忆力让她忘记了表达爱的羞耻。A. intelligent聪明的；B. excited兴奋的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文“She held Angela in her arms.”可知，收到晚辈的“我爱你”，曾祖母的反应应是积极的，“兴奋的”，所以曾祖母拥抱了安吉拉。故选B。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安吉拉意识到，她的孩子们给她上了宝贵的一课：爱需要说出来。A. apology道歉；B. friendship友谊；C. comfort安慰；D. love爱。根据上文“I love you, too”以及后文“needs to be spoken out”可知，此处指爱需要说出来。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向你关心的人表达你的真实感受永远不会太迟。A. explain解释；B. introduce介绍；C. award授予；D. express表达。根据后文“your true feelings to the ones you”可知，此处指“表达”内心的感情。故选D。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. look for寻找；B. come across偶遇；C. care about关心；D. depend on依靠。根据上文“your true feelings to the ones you”可知，能让人主动表达爱的，应是自己在乎 的人，向你“关心”的人表达你的真实感受。故选C。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Pang Zhongwang, 36 doctoral student at Tsinghua University’s Department of Precision Instruments, was named one of “Touching China’s 2024 Persons of the Year” on Saturday. 37 (grow) up in extreme poverty, he faced enormous hardships. His father suffered from schizophrenia (精神分裂症), and his mother, 38 lower body was paralyzed, used a wheelchair. Despite facing considerable challenges in his family, he remained optimistic, holding onto the belief that “knowledge changes fate”. In 2017, Pang 39 (admit) to Tsinghua University with a high score. 40 (initial), he feared being a disappointment, but he found his path in research, persisting through numerous failures. He refused donations, relying instead 41 school scholarships. His mother, who named him “Zhongwang” (meaning “the hope of all”), taught him always to look forward. “Mom smiles every day——why should I feel sad?” he once said. Sadly, his mother passed away in 2020, just before he was granted the opportunity 42 (pursue) a doctorate at Tsinghua. As a top scholar, he 43 (publish) SCI papers over the past few years and holds patents, aiming to “serve the country through 44 (science) research”—a mission he wholeheartedly embraces. Pang’s story will inspire other children from disadvantage backgrounds to study diligently and change their destinies. His journey shows us 45 with hope and determination, we can all live up to expectations and create our own brilliance. 【答案】 36．a 37．Growing/Having grown 38．whose 39．was admitted 40．Initially 41．on 42．to pursue 43．has published 44．scientific 45．that 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述清华博士生庞众望当选“感动中国2024年度人物”，他出身贫困仍乐观奋进，靠奖学金求学，科研报国，其故事激励他人。 36．考查冠词。句意：清华大学精密仪器系博士生庞众望于周六当选“感动中国2024年度人物” 之一。这里表泛指“一名博士生”，且doctoral以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在极度贫困的环境中长大，经历了重重磨难。此空考查非谓语，逻辑主语he与grow up之间为主动关系，再根据语境可知，这里可用现在分词形式growing形式作状语，也可用现在分词完成式having grown，强调非谓语动作先于谓语动作，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Growing或Having grown。 38．考查定语从句。句意：他的父亲患有精神分裂症，而下半身瘫痪的母亲则需依靠轮椅出行。所填空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是his mother，且在从句中作定语（修饰“lower body”），应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 39．考查 时态和语态。句意：2017年，庞众望以高分考入清华大学。此空考查谓语动词，Pang与admit之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去（2017年），应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语Pang为单数。故填was admitted。 40．考查副词。句意：起初，他担心自己会让人失望，但他在科研中找到了方向，并在无数次失败中坚持了下来。所填空修饰整个句子，需用形容词initial的副词形式initially，表“起初；最初”，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Initially。 41．考查介词。句意：他拒绝接受捐赠，而是依靠学校奖学金。这里考查rely on，为固定搭配，意为“依靠；依赖”，符合语境。故填on。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：遗憾的是，他的母亲在2020年去世，而那时他刚获得在清华大学攻读博士学位的机会。名词opportunity后常用动词不定式作后置定语，表“做某事的机会”，the opportunity to pursue a doctorate，意为“攻读博士学位的机会”，符合语境。故填to pursue。 43．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为顶尖学者，过去几年他发表了多篇SCI论文并拥有多项专利，致力于“以科研报国”—— 这是他全心投入的使命。此空考查谓语动词，he与publish为主动关系，再根据时间状语over the past few years可知，这里应用现在完成时；主语he为单数。故填has published。 44．考查形容词。句意：作为顶尖学者，过去几年他发表了多篇SCI论文并拥有多项专利，致力于“以科研报国”—— 这是他全心投入的使命。所填空修饰名词research，需用名词science的形容词形式scientific，表“科学的”。故填scientific。 45．考查宾语从句。句意：他的经历告诉我们，只要心怀希望、意志坚定，我们都能不负期待，创造属于自己的精彩。分析句子结构可知，这里考查宾语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，应用that引导。故填that。 四、书信写作 46．假如你是李华。你所在的城市将要举办国际美食旅游节（International Food and Tourism Festival），现向全市招募志愿者。请你用英语给此次活动的组委会写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 提出申请；2. 个人优势；3.表达期望。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the upcoming International Food and Tourism Festival. I think I’m qualified for this job. Firstly, I have a good command of both English and Chinese, so I can communicate with tourists easily. Moreover, I am an outgoing and friendly person, which allows me to get on well with people from different backgrounds. Most importantly, my previous experience in other voluntary activities enables me to cooperate with other fellow volunteers. If I’m lucky enough to be accepted, I’ll try my best to be an excellent carrier of our splendid local food and tourism culture. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就所在的城市将要举办国际美食旅游节(International Food and Tourism Festival)这事给此次活动的组委会写一封申请信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将发生的：upcoming→forthcoming 不同的：different→various 幸运的：lucky→fortunate 回复：reply→response 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the upcoming International Food and Tourism Festival. 拓展句：As the International Food and Tourism Festival is upcoming, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I think I’m qualified for this job.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Moreover, I am an outgoing and friendly person, which allows me to get on well with people from different backgrounds. .（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 五、书面表达 47．读后续写 The wind howled like a wounded beast, slamming snowflakes against Li Wei’s face so hard they stung. He’d lost sight of his climbing partner, Zhang Hua, thirty minutes earlier when the blizzard hit the mountain — sudden, violent, and unforgiving. Their plan had been to reach the mid-mountain shelter before dusk, but now, dusk was long gone, and Li Wei found himself trapped on a narrow ledge, his gloved hands clinging to a frozen rock. His phone had died an hour ago, and the temperature was dropping fast. Li Wei could feel his toes going numb inside his boots, and his breath came in short, white puffs. “Zhang Hua! Zhang Hua!” he shouted, but his voice was swallowed by the wind. Panic gnawed at his chest — he’d read stories of climbers freezing to death on this mountain, their bodies found months later, preserved in snow. Just as he was about to give in to despair, a faint orange glow flickered in the distance. It was weak, almost hidden by the swirling snow, but it was there. Could it be the shelter? Or was it a trick of his freezing mind? Li Wei tightened his grip on the rock, trying to make out more details. The glow didn’t move, and it seemed to grow a little brighter every few seconds. With a surge of hope, he decided to move toward it. But the ledge was slippery, and one wrong step would send him plummeting into the dark abyss below. He inched forward, step by step, his eyes fixed on the glow. After what felt like an eternity, he reached a small cave entrance, and the glow became clearer—it was a small lantern, placed on a rock inside the cave. Li Wei stumbled in, collapsing onto the cold ground. The lantern’s light revealed a crumpled sleeping bag in the corner, but no sign of Zhang Hua. Where was his partner? Just then, he heard a faint, muffled sound from outside — the creak of ice, followed by a scream. Paragraph1： Li Wei scrambled to his feet, grabbing the lantern and rushing out of the cave. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph2： When Li Wei finally pulled Zhang Hua onto the ledge, both of them were trembling violently. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph1： Li Wei scrambled to his feet, grabbing the lantern and rushing out of the cave. The blizzard raged on, but the lantern’s glow cut through the swirling snow. He scanned the steep slope wildly and spotted Zhang Hua clinging to a loose ice patch, his legs dangling over the abyss. “Hold on!” Li Wei yelled, inching down carefully. The ice cracked under his boots, sending shards tumbling down. He tossed a sturdy rope he’d found in the cave, shouting, “Tie it around your waist!” Zhang Hua’s hands trembled as he fumbled with the knot, his face pale with cold and fear. Paragraph2： When Li Wei finally pulled Zhang Hua onto the ledge, both of them were trembling violently. Li Wei dragged his partner back into the cave, slamming the rock slab at the entrance to block the wind. He wrapped Zhang Hua in the sleeping bag and rubbed his frozen hands and feet vigorously. “I thought I’d lost you,” Zhang Hua whispered, teeth chattering. Li Wei handed him a chocolate bar from his backpack, “We’re safe now.” As the blizzard howled outside, the two huddled by the lantern, sharing warmth and waiting for dawn — grateful to have survived the mountain’s fury. 【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述了李伟和张华在登山过程中遭遇暴风雪，李伟在寻找庇护所时发现了一个山洞和一盏灯，随后他听到外面有声音，发现是张华遇到了危险，于是他冒险去救张华的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句“李伟挣扎着站起来，抓起灯笼冲出山洞。”可知，第一段可描写李伟发现张华遇到危险，冒险去救张华的过程。如，描写他在暴风雪中发现悬挂在松动冰块上的张华，克服冰面湿滑的危险，找到绳索并指导张华系好绳索的营救过程，以凸显环境的恶劣与营救的紧迫性。 ②由第二段首句“当李伟终于把张华拉到悬崖边时，两人都剧烈地颤抖着。”可知，第二段可描写李伟把张华救回山洞后，两人相互照顾，等待黎明到来的情景。如，李伟将张华带回山洞，通过裹睡袋、揉搓手脚、分享食物等动作照顾张华，两人在困境中相互慰藉，表达劫后余生的感激，以展现彼此间的情谊。 2.续写线索： 冲出山洞——发现张华——展开营救——带回山洞——照顾张华——相互慰藉——等待黎明 3.词汇激活 行为类： ①发现：spot/find ②扔：toss/throw ③拖拽：drag/pull 情感类： ①恐惧：fear/terror ②感激：grateful/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型 1]. He scanned the steep slope wildly and spotted Zhang Hua clinging to a loose ice patch, his legs dangling over the abyss.（运用了现在分词短语作宾补以及独立主格结构作状语） [高分句型 2]. As the blizzard howled outside, the two huddled by the lantern, sharing warmth and waiting for dawn — grateful to have survived the mountain’s fury.（运用了as引导时间状语从句以及现在分词短语作状语） / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $