专题03 阅读理解 （说明文）（期末真题分类汇编，河南专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） Fang Wenshan, known for his poetic and artistic works, often draws inspiration from ancient Chinese poetry. His lyrics (歌词), featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm (吸引) audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture. Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music, earning lots of awards and contributing to Jay Chou’s albums for over half of his career. His lyrics, such as “The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,” show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry. What’s more, he is devoted to promoting traditional culture. He expressed his willingness to share its spirits with a wider audience through various cultural factors, including Hanfu cultural festivals, tea culture experiences, and so on. He, who has hosted Hanfu cultural festivals for 12 years, believes that pop culture can give new life to traditional culture. He shares his driving force with the Global Times, stating, “What a person creates originates from his or her values. I have created a number of lyrics as I am deeply fond of the essences of traditional Chinese culture. The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event”. Fang’s journey in traditional Chinese culture began during his school years in Taiwan, where he immersed himself in classical literature, particularly Song Dynasty poetry, which continues to influence his work today. He reflects: “No one told me that you have to walk along this way in your career, but I love the cultural atmosphere so I naturally found the direction”. 1. Which of the following can best describe Fang Wenshan’s lyrics? A. They are criticized for being traditional. B. They are rarely featured in modern pop music. C. They have played an insignificant role in Jay Chou’s albums. D. They have contributed to the popularity of Chinese-style pop music. 2. What makes Fang outstanding in the music industry? A. His ability to explore Chinese culture. B. His ability to focus on modern themes. C. His ability to combine the old and the new. D. His ability to create music using simple words. 3. What drives Fang Wenshan to promote Hanfu culture? A. To strengthen the recognition of cultural identity. B. To popularize Chinese-style pop music. C. To get media attention and make great profits. D. To create more lyrics to amuse people. 4. Which of the following can best describe Fang? A. Devoted and grateful. B. Unique and creative. C. Humorous and helpful. D. Determined and selfless. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了方文山在推广中国传统文化和中国风流行音乐方面所做的贡献。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“His lyrics, featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture.(他的歌词出现在由台湾歌手周杰伦演唱的中国风流行歌曲中，吸引了台湾海峡两岸以及受中国文化影响地区的观众)”和第二段“Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music.(方文山的作品在推广中国风流行音乐方面发挥了重要作用)”可知，方文山的歌词为中国风流行音乐的流行做出了贡献。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，让方文山在音乐界脱颖而出的是他结合新旧的能力。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event.(对文化身份的强烈认同是我通过此次活动推广汉服文化的重要动力)”可知，驱使方文山推广汉服文化的是为了加强对文化认同的认识。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，方文山是一个独特且有创造力的人。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南商丘·期末） Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky. This year, 622 kite artists from 59 countries and regions took part in the event. There were a variety of activities, including daylight and night kite shows, a kite flying competition, an exhibition of kite-themed creative artworks and so on. During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky. Another giant kite, a whale, had to be flown by a team of a dozen men. Many kites contained elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. The 50-meter-long kite of a phoenix was something special, together with the seventh fairy from Chinese legend. Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier. Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers. The innovative kites presented this year brought many pleasant surprises to kite lovers all over the world, and will bring the people of China and other countries closer. 1. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the kites? A. Their designers. B. Their price. C. Their shapes and sizes. D. Their tradition. 2. The Thanksgiving Day Parade is mentioned to say ______. A. kite flying competitors are from abroad. B. this year’s kite festival is impressive. C. it is the most popular in Western countries. D. it is as important as this year’s kite festival. 3. What sets this year’s kite festival apart from the past ones? A. Festival-goers. B. The number of kites. C. Creativity. D. Theme. 4. From which part of the website can you most probably read this text? A. Culture. B. Travel. C. Science. D. Education. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年潍坊国际风筝节的创新风筝设计及其文化影响。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的“During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky.(在节日期间，游客们对展出的许多伟大而创新的风筝感到惊讶。最长的是一只280米长的中国龙风筝，而一只175米长的蜈蚣风筝在天空中飞行时需要几个人来控制它)”以及全段可知，第三段主要描绘了一些风筝的形状和尺寸，如最长的龙形风筝、蜈蚣风筝和鲸鱼风筝等。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier.(有人说，第40届潍坊国际风筝节上的飞行物让他们想起了纽约的感恩节游行，但它们的规模要大几百倍，也更疯狂)”可推知，提到感恩节游行是为了强调今年潍坊国际风筝节的规模和壮观，给人留下深刻印象。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers.(与过去的节日相比，今年的活动因经验丰富和年轻的风筝制作者的许多创新而更加突出)”可知，今年的风筝节与以往不同之处在于其创新性。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky.(每年，潍坊国际风筝节都会以创新的风筝让游客和网民们惊叹不已，因为设计难以想象的“纸鸟”不断出现在天空中)”以及全文可知，文章讨论了潍坊国际风筝节，着重介绍其文化意义和创新元素，因此可推知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“文化”部分。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南固始·期末） Lion dance, which mimics (模仿) a lion with kung fu and acrobatic (杂技的) styles, is a traditional Chinese performing art that could often be seen during festive occasions like Spring Festival. It’s believed to have started in the Three Kingdoms period and peaked in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In ancient China, the lion was regarded as a symbol of good luck. The lion dance is often performed in celebrations to this day and in 2006, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产).  Qiu Haiwei, 17, and Huang Qingliang, 16, are two lion dance lovers in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They started learning the dance two years ago. Though lion dance performances are breathtaking, learning the art is another matter.  Dancing on the poles makes the art a fascinating sight. There are 21 poles of heights between 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters with up to 1.8 meters between them. A single false step will send the performers falling to the ground below. As a result, the ancient art form has fallen out of favor with the young generation, as the skills take years to master while only a low wage can be earned. Also, coaches and funding can be hard to find, so it’s difficult for a lion dance troupe (表演队) to survive. But since 2017, local authorities in Guangxi have teamed up with companies and schools to help reboot the ancient art.  “We must work hard to help pass on the heritage and its spirit to future generations,” Deng Minghua, a national inheritor of the cultural heritage, told Xinhua. 1. What’s the longest distance between two poles used for lion dance? A. 1.8 meters. B. 2.5 meters. C. 1.2 meters. D. 2.4 meters. 2. Why is it difficult for the lion dance troupe to survive? A. No one wants to learn lion dance. B. Mastering lion dance takes decades. C. The payment is not satisfying enough. D. Coaches are not professional enough. 3. What can be learned about lion dance according to the text? A. People will perform it only in spring festival. B. Local authorities attach great importance to it. C. It started in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. D. It has been added to the list of tangible cultural heritage. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The future development of lion dance. B. How to perform lion dance successfully. C. Why young generations don’t prefer lion dance. D. The importance of keeping lion dance culture alive. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了中国传统的表演艺术——舞狮。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“There are 21 poles of heights between 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters with up to 1.8 meters between them.(有21根高度在1.2米到2.5米之间的柱子，它们之间的距离高达1.8米)”可知，舞狮中用到的柱子之间距离最远达1.8米。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As a result, the ancient art form has fallen out of favor with the young generation, as the skills take years to master while only a low wage can be earned. Also, coaches and funding can be hard to find, so it’s difficult for a lion dance troupe (表演队) to survive.(因此，这种古老的艺术形式已经失去了年轻一代的青睐，因为掌握这些技能需要多年的时间，而工资却很低。此外，教练和资金很难找到，所以舞狮团很难生存)”可知，舞狮表演队很难生存其中一个原因就是薪水很低。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段末句“But since 2017, local authorities in Guangxi have teamed up with companies and schools to help reboot the ancient art.(但自2017年以来，广西地方当局与公司和学校合作，帮助重启这门古老的艺术)”可推测，当地政府很重视这种艺术的传承。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段“The lion dance is often performed in celebrations to this day and in 2006, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage.(舞狮活动至今仍是庆祝活动的一部分，2006年，舞狮被列为国家非物质文化遗产)”主要介绍了这种艺术的历史悠久及其在中国文化中的地位；第二段至第四段介绍了这种古老的艺术形式的动人之处及其现在的状况，学习和训练危险又辛苦，也不能短时间学成，收入却很少，很少年轻人愿意学习，有失传的风险，而这是中国文化的重要组成部分，不能失传，最后两段讲述了政府和舞狮爱好者在不断努力使这种古老艺术传承下去，焕发新的生机。所以综合全文，这篇文章旨在介绍使舞狮文化生存下去的重要性，A.B.C.三个选项只是文章中的几个细节，不是文章主旨。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期末） In Victorian London, Alexander Parkes developed the world’s first plastic. Notpla, a company now based in the same part of the city, developed its material made from seaweed. At Emirates Stadium, football fans already enjoy hot dogs served on trays (托盘) using the material, which breaks down naturally in just six weeks. Notpla is not the only company which is exploring using natural polymers — such as corn, mushrooms (蘑菇) or agricultural waste — as alternatives to plastic. IKEA, a Swedish homewares giant, has experimented with mushroom-based packaging. More and more companies make efforts to reduce their plastic waste. This year, according to the OECD, about seven-tenths of 500m tonnes of plastic will end up in landfill or be thrown into waterways or oceans. The production and disposal (处置) of plastic accounts for about 3% of global greenhouse — gas emissions — more than from aviation. For most companies, the main use of plastic is for packaging, which accounts for a third of the material’s production, and much of it cannot be recycled. Many businesses have already begun taking steps to reduce this type of waste. Coca-Cola, for example, has replaced its green Sprite lemonade bottles with easily-recycled plastic. Since 2018, 250 companies, have reduced their use of plastic for packaging by 3%. But it’s far short of the 18% target they set for next year. Greater use of alternative packaging materials might help them pick up the pace. However, many of the alternative materials remain expensive. A seaweed-coated hot-dog trays cost about three to four times more than a plastic one. Companies will thus need to survey how many shoppers are willing to pay for it. In a survey of consumers conducted by Euromonitor, more than four-fifths said they would pay a higher price for a product with sustainable packaging. Whether such good intentions translate into shopping behaviour is another matter. 1. What is the advantage of Notpla’s material? A. It enjoys great popularity. B. It lasts as long as possible. C. It is environment-friendly. D. It is made from seaweed. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. The companies reached the goal they had set before. B. A half of the produced plastic is used for packaging. C. Many companies can recycle 3% of their used plastic. D. Alternative materials may speed up the drop of plastic use. 3. What is the challenge of adopting alternative materials? A. The difficulty in recycling them. B. The lack of consumers’ awareness. C. The lack of government support. D. The high cost of alternative materials. 4. What is the suitable title of this passage? A. Great Popularity of Seaweed Materials B. New Possibilities of Future Packaging C. Big Breakthroughs in Recycling Plastic D. Sudden Disappearance of Plastic Packaging 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是新型生物降解材料，如海藻包装，及其在减少塑料使用和环境保护中的应用前景。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At Emirates Stadium, football fans already enjoy hot dogs served on trays (托盘) using the material, which breaks down naturally in just six weeks.(在阿联酋体育场，足球迷们已经可以在托盘上享用到使用这种材料盛装的热狗，而这种材料只需六周时间就可以自然分解。)”可知，这种材料可以在六周时间自然分解，由此可知，这种材料是环保的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Since 2018, 250 companies, have reduced their use of plastic for packaging by 3%. But it’s far short of the 18% target they set for next year. Greater use of alternative packaging materials might help them pick up the pace.(自2018年以来，已有250家公司将其包装中塑料的使用量减少了3%。但这远未达到他们为明年设定的18%的目标。更大程度地使用替代包装材料可能有助于他们加快这一进程。)”可知，使用替代包装材料使得很多公司减少了塑料的使用，更大程度使用替代包装材料有助于加快这一进程，由此可知，使用替代材料可能有助于加快减少塑料使用的速度。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“However, many of the alternative materials remain expensive. A seaweed-coated hot-dog trays cost about three to four times more than a plastic one. Companies will thus need to survey how many shoppers are willing to pay for it. (然而，许多替代材料仍然非常昂贵。一个海藻涂层的热狗托盘成本大约是塑料托盘的三到四倍。公司因此需要调查有多少消费者愿意为此类环保选项支付更高价格。)”可知，采用替代材料面临的挑战是其高成本。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“In Victorian London, Alexander Parkes developed the world’s first plastic. Notpla, a company now based in the same part of the city, developed its material made from seaweed.(在维多利亚时代的伦敦，亚历山大·帕克斯开发了世界上第一种塑料。如今，同样位于伦敦的Notpla公司开发出了一种由海藻制成的材料。)”可知，首段介绍了Notpla公司的创新材料代替塑料包装材料，结合下文中介绍的其他公司和替代材料代替使用塑料包装的情况可知，本文主要介绍的是新型生物降解材料在减少塑料包装的使用和环境保护中的应用前景，所以B项“未来包装的新可能性”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南开封·期末） ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A. It has artificial intelligence. B. It can answer users’ questions. C. It has the largest number of users. D. It can engage in meaningful conversations. 2. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A. Its capability of information processing. B. Its accurate information. C. Its availability of up-to-date data. D. Its vast body of questions. 3. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A. ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B. ChatGPT lacks creativity. C. ChatGPT offers illogical information. D. ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Intolerant. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，介绍了其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.(它对用户问题提供深入解答的能力甚至引起了知名科技公司的注意)”以及第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应)”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应。它的大量知识来自互联网和存档书籍。它由人类进一步训练。这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021.(ChatGPT不能独立思考。这取决于它所接受的训练信息。因此，人工智能工具可以很好地处理有准确数据的事情。然而，当不确定时，ChatGPT可能会变得有创意，并给出不正确的回答。OpenAI提醒用户，无论这些信息听起来多么符合逻辑，都要检查。此外，ChatGPT的信息培训只进行到2021年)”可知，ChatGPT用户在使用时必须谨慎因为ChatGPT本身无法思考。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own.(ChatGPT不能独立思考)”；第五段“Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. (专家认为ChatGPT在解决现实问题方面具有无限潜力)”以及最后一段“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一)”可推知，作者主要列举了其他人对ChatGPT的看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故对ChatGPT是客观态度。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南开封·期末） Think back to your first memory. How old were you at the time? Chances are you can’t remember anything earlier than kindergarten or primary school — nothing about your first words, steps, or solid food other than what your parents have later told you. This phenomenon is called “infantile amnesia”, due to which the majority of adults rarely remember things that happen to them before the age of three. So why is it that we can’t remember being a baby? The answer lies in the way that our brain’s ability to store memories changes as we grow. At birth, a baby’s brain is only a quarter of its adult size, growing to three-quarters the size of an adult brain by age two. This increase is associated with a growth in the number of brain cells — called neurons (神经元) — and the connections between these cells. A part of the brain that is particularly important in forming memories is the hippocampus (海马体), says Dr Dhanisha Jhaveri, a researcher at The University of Queensland. This region stores autobiographical memories from specific events in our lives. “In the hippocampus, new neurons are constantly being created. In adulthood, new cells are still being produced, but the rate of production in the hippocampus slows down,” says Dr Jhaveri. Neuroscientists believe that the rapid rate at which brain cells are being produced in childhood could be the cause of infantile amnesia. Because so many new neurons are being produced and form connections with each other in memory circuits, they might disrupt (扰乱) existing networks of memories that have already formed. Despite this memory loss, childhood experiences have been found to influence adult behaviour years later, which suggests that traces of these memories could be stored somewhere in the brain that isn’t easy to access. In research in animals, scientists have found that latent (潜在的) traces of early experiences remain in the brain for a long time, and can later be triggered (触发) by a reminder. It highlights the important influence of early life experiences on mental and emotional well-being later in life. 1. What is infantile amnesia? A. The inability to form memories during adulthood. B. The inability to recall early experiences. C. The influence on existing memory networks. D. The influence on mental and emotional well-being. 2. What do we learn about the brain according to the passage? A. New neurons disrupt existing memory circuits. B. The hippocampus plays a passive role in one’s memory. C. A baby’s brain is three-quarters the size of an adult brain. D. Brain cells are being produced more rapidly in adulthood. 3. What does the research in animals show? A. Memories are stored separately in their brain. B. Memories are mainly formed when they are young. C. Early experiences have a long-term impact on life. D. Early experiences are easy to be triggered by a reminder. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Formation of Early Childhood Memories B. The Impact of Infantile Amnesia on Memory Networks C. The Role of the Hippocampus in Memory Formation D. The Influence of Early Life Experiences on Mental Well-being 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是婴儿健忘症并分析了婴儿健忘症的原因以及婴儿健忘症对人体记忆网的影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chances are you can’t remember anything earlier than kindergarten or primary school — nothing about your first words, steps, or solid food other than what your parents have later told you. This phenomenon is called “infantile amnesia”, due to which the majority of adults rarely remember things that happen to them before the age of three.(你很可能记不起幼儿园或者小学前的任何事情了——你对第一个单词、走的第一步和吃的第一个固体食物一无所知。除了父母后来告诉你的那些东西。这种现象被称为“婴儿健忘症”，因此大多数成年人很少记得三岁前发生的在他们身上的事情。)”可知，“婴儿健忘症”指的是很少有人记得三岁前发生在他们身上的事情，故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because so many new neurons are being produced and form connections with each other in memory circuits, they might disrupt (扰乱) existing networks of memories that have already formed.(因为太多的新的神经元正在产生，并在记忆电路中相互连接，它们可能会扰乱已经形成的现有记忆网。)”可知，太多的神经元产生了，可能会扰乱现有的记忆网，故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In research in animals, scientists have found that latent (潜在的) traces of early experiences remain in the brain for a long time, and can later be triggered (触发) by a reminder. It highlights the important influence of early life experiences on mental and emotional well-being later in life.(在对动物的研究中，科学家们发现潜在的早期经历的痕迹会在大脑中保留很长一段时间，以后可能会被提醒出来。它强调了早期生活经历对以后生活的心理和情感健康的重要影响。)”可知，早期的经历会在大脑中保留很长的时间，对以后的心理和情感造成了一定的影响，故早期的经历对生活有着长远的影响，故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chances are you can’t remember anything earlier than kindergarten or primary school — nothing about your first words, steps, or solid food other than what your parents have later told you. This phenomenon is called “infantile amnesia”, due to which the majority of adults rarely remember things that happen to them before the age of three.(你很可能记不起幼儿园或者小学前的任何事情了——你对第一个单词、走的第一步和吃的第一个固体食物一无所知。除了父母后来告诉你的那些东西。这种现象被称为“婴儿健忘症”，因此大多数成年人很少记得三岁前发生的在他们身上的事情。)”以及后文对婴儿健忘症对人的影响的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了什么是婴儿健忘症并分析了婴儿健忘症的原因以及婴儿健忘症对人体记忆网的影响，故B项“婴儿健忘症对人体记忆网的影响”符合文章标题，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期末） Psychologists analysed messages from more than 5,000 people across eight studies and found that those who used abbreviations (缩写) were viewed as less sincere and were less likely to receive responses as a result. Abbreviations have increased sharply in the age of digital messaging, but the findings suggest that dashing off a swift “hru? ” might not seem as sincere as taking the time to spell out: “How are you? ” David Fang at Stanford University and colleagues at the University of Toronto ran the studies to investigate the impact of abbreviations in different messaging situations. They began by asking participants to rate the sincerity of messages with and without abbreviations and how likely they were to respond. Next, they analysed messages on the Discord, a social messaging platform and from the dating app, Tinder. People who used abbreviations tended to receive fewer responses than those who spelled words out, and the responses were typically shorter, the studies found. While younger people used more abbreviations, the negative effect remained, the researchers said. Since the first text message in 1992, senders have increasingly adopted abbreviations for efficiency. Phrases like “idrc” for “I don’t really care” and “ily” for “I love you” are common. The study aimed to understand whether these abbreviations, intended to express the same meaning as full words, have subtle effects on recipients (接收者). One school of thought is that abbreviations are more informal and foster a closeness between those messaging. Another holds that abbreviations show a lack of effort and interest in the person. “Our findings indicate that people value conversational quality and prefer messages that convey thoughtfulness and personal connection,” the researchers write. However, some psychologists argue that the context of the message and the relationship between the sender and receiver can influence how abbreviations are viewed. It remains a challenge how to employ them properly for most people. 1. What do the underlined words “dashing off” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Typing swiftly. B. Updating quickly. C. Sending hesitantly. D. Selecting carefully. 2. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A. The principle of the study. B. The selection of abbreviations. C. The process of the study. D. The history of abbreviations. 3. Why was the study performed according to the text? A. To understand the frequency of abbreviation use. B. To describe people’s preferences for abbreviations. C. To identify the most commonly used abbreviations. D. To explore the effects of abbreviations on recipients. 4. What might the article discuss next? A. The research on relationships. B. The suitable use of abbreviations. C. The development of abbreviations. D. The impact of digital communication. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是缩写对信息接收者真诚度和回复率的影响。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语前的“Psychologists analysed messages from more than 5,000 people across eight studies and found that those who used abbreviations (缩写) were viewed as less sincere and were less likely to receive responses as a result.(心理学家分析了来自八项研究中超过5,000人的消息，发现使用缩写的人被认为不够真诚，因此收到回复的可能性较低)”可知，研究发现，使用缩写的人被认为不够真诚，结合划线短语后的“…a swift “hru? ” might not seem as sincere as taking the time to spell out: “How are you? ”(……一句快速的“hru？”可能不如花时间完整写出“How are you?”显得真诚)”以及在信息时代可知，此处指的是快速打出“hru？”不如花时间完整写出“How are you?”显得真诚，所以划线短语的意思与“快速打出”意义相近。故选A项。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“David Fang at Stanford University and colleagues at the University of Toronto ran the studies to investigate the impact of abbreviations in different messaging situations. They began by asking participants to rate the sincerity of messages with and without abbreviations and how likely they were to respond. Next, they analysed messages on the Discord, a social messaging platform and from the dating app, Tinder.(斯坦福大学的David Fang和多伦多大学的同事们进行了这些研究，以调查缩写在不同消息情境中的影响。他们首先让参与者评价带有和不带缩写的短信的真诚度以及他们回复的可能性。接着，他们分析了来自社交消息平台Discord和约会应用Tinder上的消息)”可知，在这项研究中，他们首先让参与者评价带有和不带有缩写的短信的真诚度和回复的可能性，接下来分析来自不同社交平台的信息，由此可推断，本段主要介绍的是研究的过程。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The study aimed to understand whether these abbreviations, intended to express the same meaning as full words, have subtle effects on recipients (接收者).(该研究旨在了解这些旨在表达与完整单词相同意义的缩写，是否对接收者产生微妙的影响)”可知，研究的目的是探讨缩写对消息接收者是否有微妙的影响，由此可知，进行这项研究是为了探讨缩写对接收者的影响。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“However, some psychologists argue that the context of the message and the relationship between the sender and receiver can influence how abbreviations are viewed. It remains a challenge how to employ them properly for most people.(然而，一些心理学家认为，消息的背景以及发送者与接收者之间的关系可以影响缩写的看法。对于大多数人来说，如何恰当地使用缩写仍然是一个挑战)”可知，如何恰当地使用所写仍然是一个挑战，由此可知，接下来文章很可能会进一步讨论缩写的适当使用。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南濮阳·期末） Encouraging people to exercise outdoors could help to prevent several conditions including depression and type 2 diabetes, the first study of its kind has found. Physical activity in natural environments prevents almost 13,000 cases of non-communicable (非传染的) diseases (NCDs) a year in England and saves treatment costs of more than £100m, researchers from the University of Exeter said. NCDs are a group of conditions that cannot be spread between people and result in long-term health problems. The most common — including heart and lung disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes — cause 74 percent of global deaths and are on the rise, according to the World Health Organisation. The Exeter study focused on places such as beaches and coasts, countryside and open spaces in towns and cities, such as parks. Using data including a survey of the English population, the research team estimated (估计) how many cases of six NCDs — major depressive disorder (MDD), type 2 diabetes, ischaemic (局部的) heart disease, ischaemic stroke, colon cancer, and breast cancer — are prevented through nature-based recreational exercise. In 2019, 22 million adults in England aged 16 years or older visited natural environments at least once a week. Using reported exercise levels, the researchers estimated that this prevented 12,763 cases of NCDs — the vast majority being MDD — creating annual healthcare savings of £108.7m. Although it has been reported that exercising specifically in natural environments is more helpful for a lot of emotional outcomes compared with urban environments, this is the first such survey conducted on a national wide, the research team said. “We have almost certainly underestimated the true value of nature-based physical activity in terms of disease prevention,” Dr James Grellier from the University of Exeter Medical School, said. The team hope that their study, published in Environment International, encourages investment in spaces such as parks to make it easier for people to be physically active. 1. What does paragragh 2 mainly about? A. The cause of NCDs. B. The general introduction of NCDs. C. The treatment of NCDs. D. The prevention of NCDs. 2. What can we infer about outdoor exercise from paragraph 4? A. It attracts people with MDD. B. It increases the cases of NCDs. C. It has little effect on those under 16. D. It’s very helpful for mental health. 3. What should be built more according to the researchers? A. Parks. B. Gyms. C. Hospitals. D. Apartments. 4. What can be the best title of this text? A. New Cures for NCDs Are Found B. City Residents Need More Exercise C. Exercise Outdoors to Prevent Disease D. NCDs Are a Major Threat to Humanity 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃克塞特大学的研究人员通过研究发现，在自然环境中进行体育活动有助于预防非传染性疾病（NCDs），包括抑郁症和2型糖尿病等多种疾病。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“NCDs are a group of conditions that cannot be spread between people and result in long-term health problems. The most common— including heart and lung disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes — cause 74 percent of global deaths and are on the rise, according to the World Health Organisation.(非传染性疾病是一组不能在人与人之间传播并导致长期健康问题的疾病。根据世界卫生组织的数据，最常见的疾病——包括心脏病、肺病、中风、癌症和糖尿病——占全球死亡人数的74%，而且还在上升)”可知，本段主要介绍了非传染性疾病（NCDs）的定义、常见类型及其对全球健康的影响，属于对NCDs的总体介绍。故选B项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2019, 22 million adults in England aged 16 years or older visited natural environments at least once a week. Using reported exercise levels, the researchers estimated that this prevented 12,763 cases of NCDs — the vast majority being MDD — creating annual healthcare savings of £108.7m.(2019年，英格兰有2200万16岁或以上的成年人每周至少参观一次自然环境。根据报告的锻炼水平，研究人员估计，这避免了12763例非传染性疾病——绝大多数是MDD——每年节省了1.087亿英镑的医疗费用)”可知，户外运动预防的疾病中，绝大多数是抑郁症，这表明户外运动对心理健康非常有益。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We have almost certainly underestimated the true value of nature-based physical activity in terms of disease prevention,” Dr James Grellier from the University of Exeter Medical School, said. The team hope that their study, published in Environment International, encourages investment in spaces such as parks to make it easier for people to be physically active.(‘我们几乎可以肯定地低估了自然环境中的体育活动在疾病预防方面的真正价值，”埃克塞特大学医学院的詹姆斯·格雷利尔博士表示。该团队希望他们发表在《环境国际》杂志上的这项研究能鼓励对公园等场所的投资，从而让人们更容易进行体育活动)”可知，研究人员认为应该建立更多的公园，以便人们更容易进行户外运动。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Encouraging people to exercise outdoors could help to prevent several conditions including depression and type 2 diabetes, the first study of its kind has found. Physical activity in natural environments prevents almost 13,000 cases of non-communicable (非传染的) diseases (NCDs) a year in England and saves treatment costs of more than £100m, researchers from the University of Exeter said.(首个此类研究发现，鼓励人们在户外锻炼有助于预防包括抑郁症和2型糖尿病在内的几种疾病。英国埃克塞特大学的研究人员称，在自然环境中进行体育锻炼，英国每年可以预防近1.3万例非传染性疾病（NCDs），并节省超过1亿英镑的治疗费用)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讨论了户外运动在预防非传染性疾病（如抑郁症和2型糖尿病）方面的作用，并强调了投资公园等自然空间的重要性。因此“Exercise Outdoors to Prevent Disease (户外运动预防疾病)”能够概括文章主旨，是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南许昌·期末） Seahorses are small, thin fish. They’re called “seahorses” because they look a bit like horses. Seahorses aren’t great swimmers. There are over 40 different kinds of seahorses. Many kinds of them are threatened. On July 18, 2020, Australian scientists released (释放) hundreds of baby White’s seahorses into the wild. These seahorses were named the second most endangered kind of seahorse in the world. To begin the project, scientists collected three pregnant male seahorses in January. Those seahorses were brought back to the aquarium (水族馆) at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS). After the babies were born, the scientists kept them at the aquarium for five months, feeding the baby seahorses tiny shrimp (small shellfish) to help them grow strong. Scientist Mitchell Brennan says, “They don’t have a stomach, so they have to eat continuously.” About a month before the young seahorses were released, the scientists created eight underwater “hotels” for them. The hotels looked a little like cages (笼子), and provided a safe place for the seahorses to develop. Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that could help provide food for the seahorses. The scientists have released seahorses into the area five times, but this time was a record. Around 380 seahorses were released. The researchers say about 90% of them survived. The researchers put tiny tags (标签) under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future. The scientists are hoping that the young seahorses will grow and reproduce in large numbers. Brett Fenton, who works for SIMS, says, “We have high expectations that we’ll see the animals do well over the next 12months.” 1. What do we know about White’s seahorses? A. They are facing threats. B. They are good swimmers. C. They are found worldwide. D. They are extinct in the world. 2. What did the scientists do to help the young seahorses survive? A. Place tiny tags under their skin. B. Cover their cages with sea grass. C. Feed tiny shrimp to them monthly. D. Prepare underwater habitats for them. 3. What made the seahorse release unique? A. The timing of the release. B. The number of seahorses released. C. The location of the release. D. The survival rate of pregnant seahorses. 4. How does Brett Fenton sound in the last paragraph? A. Curious. B. Confident. C. Confused. D. Concerned. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚科学家为了保护濒危的怀氏海马而进行的一系列研究、繁育和释放工作，以及他们对这些海马未来生存状况的期望。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On July 18, 2020, Australian scientists released (释放)hundreds of baby White’s seahorses into the wild. These seahorses were named the second most endangered kind of seahorse in the world.(2020年7月18日，澳大利亚科学家将数百只幼年怀氏海马放归野外。怀氏海马被列为世界上第二濒危的海马种类。)”可知，怀氏海马是世界上第二大濒危海马种类，这表明它们正面临着威胁。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“About a month before the young seahorses were released, the scientists created eight underwater “hotels” for them. The hotels looked a little like cages (笼子), and provided a safe place for the seahorses to develop. Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that could help provide food for the seahorses.(在小海马放归前约一个月，科学家为它们打造了八座水下“酒店”。这些“酒店”看起来有点像笼子，为海马提供了安全的成长空间。提前将“酒店”放入海中，能让笼子表面附着小型海洋生物，为海马提供食物)”可知，科学家们为了帮助小海马生存，在它们被放归前大约一个月，为它们建造了8个水下“旅馆”，为海马提供了一个安全的生长场所，即准备了水下栖息地。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The scientists have released seahorses into the area five times, but this time was a record. Around 380 seahorses were released.(科学家已五次向该区域放归海马，而此次数量创了纪录，约380只海马被放归)”可知，科学家们已经在该地区放归了五次海马，但这次放归数量达到了约380只，创下了记录，所以这次放归的独特之处在于放归海马的数量。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Brett Fenton, who works for SIMS, says, “We have high expectations that we’ll see the animals do well over the next 12months.”(悉尼海洋科学研究所的Brett Fenton表示：“我们满怀期待，希望在未来12个月看到这些小家伙茁壮成长。”)”中的“high expectations”可推测，Brett Fenton对这些被放归的海马未来的成长和繁殖充满信心，所以他的语气是自信的。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南濮阳·期末） We’re going to put it out there: ostriches (鸵鸟) are strange, but they are also very cool. Not only are they the largest bird on the planet, but they are also the fastest flightless birds out there. But did you also know that they also have the largest eyes of any land animal? Ostrich eyes are really big. Interestingly, analysis of ostrich eyes has showed that they look just like an owl’s (猫头鹰) eye in shape. The overall shape of an owl eye may result from the evolution (进化) of a large eye, which needs to fit into a small head and still be light enough for powerful flight. However, because they are flightless birds, ostriches are not constrained by the same weight issues, so they have developed the characteristic global shape. This may offer a lot of advantages, especially in relation to the size of the visual (视觉的) field it would offer the bird. Ostrich eyes are specially formed and the vision of each eye can enlarge to about 155°, which helps them see potential dangers. However, ostriches have a big blind spot (点) above and behind their heads which is caused by the way their eyes sit in their heads to protect them from the burning sun. Ostrich eyes can focus on things in front of their heads which is invaluable for searching for food. This visual field helps them to find small objects like leaves, seeds, and flowers on the ground. They also sometimes eat small insects so this visual field also helps them target moving insects. Yet while ostrich eyes are large and round, they are funny compared to their brain size. Still, ostriches have clearly evolved in a way that does not need them to have a large brain. If hiding doesn’t work, an ostrich can usually just outrun any problems that come its way. 1. What do we know about ostriches from the first two paragraphs? A. They are the coolest birds on the planet. B. They run the fastest among land animals. C. They share a common ancestor with owls. D. They have the same eye shape as those of the owls. 2. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “constrained” in paragraph 3? A. Proved. B. Created. C. Limited. D. Supported. 3. Why do ostriches’ eyes have a blind spot above the head? A. To focus on things in the front. B. To avoid the harm from the sun. C. To ensure a wider view. D. To allow them to see small objects. 4. How do ostriches primarily escape danger? A. By running. B. By hiding. C. By fighting bravely. D. By keeping eyes open. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸵鸟眼睛的独特之处，包括其大小、形状、视觉范围以及与其他动物（如猫头鹰）眼睛的比较。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ostrich eyes are really big. Interestingly, analysis of ostrich eyes has showed that they look just like an owl’s (猫头鹰) eye in shape.(鸵鸟的眼睛真的很大。有趣的是，对鸵鸟眼睛的分析表明，它们在形状上看起来就像猫头鹰的眼睛)”可知，鸵鸟的眼睛形状和猫头鹰的一样。故选D项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“because they are flightless birds(因为鸵鸟是不会飞的鸟)”可知，因为鸵鸟不会飞，所以没有体重的限制，推知constrained为“限制”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“However, ostriches have a big blind spot (点) above and behind their heads which is caused by the way their eyes sit in their heads to protect them from the burning sun.(然而，鸵鸟的头部上方和后面有一个很大的盲点，这是由于它们的眼睛位于头部以保护它们免受烈日的伤害)”可知，鸵鸟的眼睛在头部上方有一个盲点是为了避免太阳的伤害。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If hiding doesn’t work, an ostrich can usually just outrun any problems that come its way.(如果躲藏不起作用，鸵鸟通常只需要逃跑就能摆脱任何遇到的问题)”可知，鸵鸟主要是通过逃跑来逃离危险的。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） A team of researchers has uncovered an unusual thing of communication between birds. The study says that small tits (山雀) use wing gestures to communicate a polite “after you” to their mates. The findings are very important in our understanding of non-verbal communication in the animal kingdom, particularly among birds. Human communication heavily relies on gestures, such as giving a thumbs-up, waving goodbye, or pointing to pass on messages without the use of words. This way of communication was once thought to be only used by humans until observations of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) showed their ability to use body movement to express themselves non-verbally. However, the idea of symbolic gesturing, such as a human showing an open hand to signal “after you” has not been observed in non-human species until now. “In our latest discovery, we’ve found that the tits use some gestures to communicate with their mates,” said Toshitaka Suzuki, one of the researchers. These birds, which form mating pairs and build their nests in the tree, show a unique form of gestural communication. When arriving at the nest with food, a pair of birds would often stay nearby, and one would flutter its wings towards the other, signaling for its mate to enter the nest first. This wing-fluttering gesture, mainly shown by females, determines the order of nest entry, mirroring the human “after you” gesture. “We were surprised to find that the results were much clearer than we had expected. We observed that a tit fluttered its wings only in the presence of its mate, and upon seeing this behavior, the mate almost always entered the nest first,” said Suzuki. The scientists’ work not only shows the rich animal languages but offers key insights into the origins and evolution (进化) of language itself. “Language may evolve from gestural communication.” Suzuki said, “So these studies can help us understand the evolution of complex communication, including our own language.” 1. What does the underlined word “non-verbal” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Spoken. B. Written. C. Noisy. D. Silent. 2. According to Suzuki, what does the wing-flutter mean for tits? A. A threat to other species. B. An attraction for their mates. C. A signal for first nest entry. D. A casual action with no purpose. 3. What is the significance of studying animal gestures? A. Showing animals can copy human speech. B. Proving all species communicate similarly. C. Highlighting humans’ uniqueness in language. D. Aiding in understanding language evolution. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Evolution of Animal Communication. B. The Wing-fluttering Gestures of Small Tits. C. The Discovery of Symbolic Gestures in Birds. D. The Role of Gestures in Animal Communication. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员发现了一种鸟类（小山雀）之间使用翅膀动作进行非言语沟通的新现象。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The study says that small tits (山雀) use wing gestures to communicate a polite “after you” to their mates.(研究表明，小山雀用翅膀的手势向同伴礼貌地表示“您先请”。)”可知，动物王国有非语言交流的方式，non-verbal意为“非语言的”，和silent意思相近。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“When arriving at the nest with food, a pair of birds would often stay nearby, and one would flutter its wings towards the other, signaling for its mate to enter the nest first.(当带着食物到达鸟巢时，一对鸟通常会呆在附近，一只鸟会向另一只鸟振翅，示意它的配偶先进入鸟巢。)”可知，翅膀扑动对山雀来说意味着首次入巢的信号。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The scientists’ work not only shows the rich animal languages but offers key insights into the origins and evolution of language itself.(科学家们的工作不仅展示了丰富的动物语言，而且为语言本身的起源和进化提供了关键的见解。)”可知，研究动物手势的意义是帮助理解语言的进化。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A team of researchers has uncovered an unusual thing of communication between birds. The study says that small tits (山雀) use wing gestures to communicate a polite “after you” to their mates.(一组研究人员发现了鸟类之间不寻常的交流方式。研究表明，小山雀用翅膀的手势向同伴礼貌地表示“您先请”。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究人员发现了一种鸟类（小山雀）之间使用翅膀动作进行非言语沟通的新现象，因此最好的题目是C选项“The Discovery of Symbolic Gestures in Birds.(鸟类象征性手势的发现。)”。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南新蔡·期末） Based on bone and tooth records, mammoths（猛犸象）were thought to have gone extinct about 12,000 years ago. But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil. Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt. Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）. "Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA," says McMaster University geneticist Tyler Murchie. "We can't afford to lose whatever we can get." In the new approach, soil samples are got and then broken into smaller portions, stirred and run through a "cold spin method" to separate as much DNA as possible. The DNA is then compared against an existing genetic library to detect species matches. The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal. For known species, however, the process may yield exciting information. In their study, the researchers detected about 2,100 kinds of plants and 180 animals. Not yet published results from other field sites are yielding similar results, Murchie says, and future fossil discoveries could strengthen the case. "We can use this approach to identify species in places and times we never knew they existed," he adds. 1. Why does the author mention "mammoths" in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To show us an extinct animal. C. To correct a mistake. D. To introduce the topic of the passage. 2. Which word can best describe the work of getting rid of non-DNA material? A. Challenging. B. Interesting. C. Boring. D. Satisfying. 3. What is the disadvantage of the new method? A. It is very slow. B. It can't detect unknown animals. C. It is not very accurate. D. It can only be carried out in the genetic library. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research report. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而对它们获得更多的了解。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil.”（但一项新的基因取样技术表明，这种巨兽可能存在的时间更长。故事在土壤里。）以及第二段的“Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）.( 古遗传学家长期以来一直在从土壤中分析“环境DNA”，但在不破坏这些脆弱线索的情况下去除非DNA物质是令人气馁的)”可知作者谈及猛犸象是为了引出文章的主题，科学家对DNA的研究。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由文章二段“…getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting”（在不破坏这些脆弱线索的情况下去除非DNA物质是令人气馁的。）和第三段“Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA…”（环境样本中含有大量其他化学物质，很难从DNA中分离出来）可知，从泥土中提取出有用的DNA信息是很困难，是很有挑战性的一项工作。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段“The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal.”（这种方法是有限的，因为使用它的研究人员需要知道要寻找什么DNA。例如，如果一种剑齿虎物种还没有出现在基因库中，分析就无法检测到这种动物。）可知，这个新方法的局限是：只能检测到已知物种，不能检测到未知物种。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt.(骨骼是史前遗传信息的丰富来源，但不是唯一的来源；从脱落的冰河时代的皮肤细胞到松针，这些物品都可以促成储存在泥土中的基因记录)”以及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而获得对他们更多的了解。据此可知本文是一篇研究报告。故选D。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期末） American companies are developing unmanned planes that are larger than drones (无人机). The goal is to help farmers and reduce risks to human safety. When Hector Xu was learning to pilot a helicopter (直升机) in college with his best friend, he remembered having a few terrible experiences while flying at night. That led him to research unmanned plane systems. Then, Xu formed Rotor Technologies in 2021 to develop unmanned helicopters. Rotor has built two unmanned helicopters that the company calls Sprayhawks. Rotor aims to have as many as 20 Sprayhawks ready for market next year. The company is also developing efficient (高效的) helicopters that would fly materials into areas struck by earthquakes. The helicopters could also be used to fight wildfires. For now, Rotor is paying attention to farming. A major attraction of automation (自动化) in farming flights is safety. Because special airplanes fly at around 240 kph and only about 3 meters off the ground, there are tens of accidents (事故) each year. The small planes hit power lines, cell towers and other planes. Older planes in disrepair and pilot tiredness play a part in accidents. In recent years, safety and cost concerns have led to a number of drones flying above farmers’ fields. But the size of the drones means they can only work over a small amount of the area that a plane or helicopter can. This is providing an opening for companies building bigger unmanned planes like Rotor. Companies like Rotor have developed their systems to work even when bad events come up. Rotor’ s helicopter, for example, has a half-dozen communication systems and, for now, a pilot in control. If the ground team can’t get in touch with the helicopter, Rotor has a system to dispose of it. The system makes sure the engine can be turned off and the helicopter can perform a controlled landing. 1. What caused Hector Xu to start his company? A. His best friend’s suffering. B. His experiences in college. C. His interest in new technologies. D. His dream to help more farmers. 2. What can we know about Rotor? A. It focuses not only on farming. B. Its main product is unmanned drones. C. Its helicopters have no pilot to control them. D. It has already put 20 Sprayhawks on the market. 3. What is the weakness of the agricultural drone? A. It covers a small range. B. It flies at low speed. C. It is not easy to control. D. It results in many accidents. 4. What does the underlined part “dispose of” in the last paragraph mean? A. Learn from. B. Depend on. C. Guard against. D. Deal with. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国公司正在开发比无人机更大的无人驾驶直升机，旨在帮助农民并降低对人类安全的风险。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When Hector Xu was learning to pilot a helicopter(直升机)in college with his best friend, he remembered having a few terrible experiences while flying at night. That led him to research unmanned plane systems. Then, Xu formed Rotor Technologies in 2021 to develop unmanned helicopters.(Hector Xu在大学与挚友一起学习驾驶直升机时，他记得在夜间飞行时有过几次可怕的经历。这促使他研究无人驾驶飞机系统。随后，徐于 2021 年创立了旋翼技术公司（Rotor Technologies），以研发无人直升机。)” 可知，Hector Xu在大学学习驾驶直升机时夜间飞行的可怕经历，促使他研究无人驾驶飞机系统并创办了公司。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Rotor has built two unmanned helicopters that the company calls Sprayhawks. Rotor aims to have as many as 20 Sprayhawks ready for market next year. The company is also developing efficient(高效的)helicopters that would fly materials into areas struck by earthquakes. The helicopters could also be used to fight wildfires.(旋翼技术公司已制造出两架名为“Sprayhawks”的无人直升机。该公司计划明年将多达 20 架“Sprayhawks”推向市场。公司还在研发高效直升机，用于向遭受地震袭击的地区运送物资。这些直升机也可用于扑救野火。)”可知，旋翼技术公司不仅关注农业，还致力于研发用于向地震灾区运送物资以及灭火等用途的直升机。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But the size of the drones means they can only work over a small amount of the area that a plane or helicopter can.(但无人机的尺寸限制意味着它们的作业面积，仅为飞机或直升机可覆盖面积的一小部分。)”可知，无人机的尺寸限制了其作业范围，相较于飞机或直升机，它只能覆盖一小部分区域。故选A。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Companies like Rotor have developed their systems to work even when bad events come up.(像旋翼技术公司这样的企业，已将其系统研发得即便在突发状况下也能正常运作。)”可知，旋翼技术公司可以处理突发状况。再根据划线单词下文“The system makes sure the engine can be turned off and the helicopter can perform a controlled landing.(该系统可确保发动机关闭，使直升机能够实现可控降落。)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“处理”相似。选项D“deal with”，意为“处理、解决”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南三门峡·期末） With basic developments in the field of technology, some experts foresee serious risks to jobs and employability in the coming years due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). About 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation (自动化) during the artificial intelligence era. Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation. High-skilled jobs, despite being more exposed to recent progress in AI, face the least risk of automation. While the adoption of AI is still relatively low, rapid progress, falling technology costs and the increasing availability of workers with AI skills suggest that the world may be on the edge of an AI revolution (革命). So far there is little evidence of a negative employment impact on companies that adopt AI. Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety. However, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate (融入) AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. Besides, longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while properly managing the risks. 1. Who may be most affected by automation? A. A tour guide. B. A building worker. C. A coffee producer. D. A university professor. 2. What is the workers and employer’s attitude towards the adoption of AI in the workplace according to paragraph 3? A. Worried. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 3. What do the figures in paragraph 4 imply? A. Harmed personal privacy. B. Decreased job satisfaction. C. AI-related positions’ popularity. D. Workers’ concerns over AI. 4. What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A. Adopting policies to control AI’s impact. B. Limiting AI’s application in the workplace. C. Promoting cooperation between AI companies. D. Reducing AI education in colleges. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着技术领域的基本发展，一些专家预计，由于人工智能（AI）的兴起，未来几年就业和就业能力将面临严重风险。文章对此进行了介绍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation.(中低技能工作面临的风险最大，包括建筑、农业、渔业、林业，以及较小程度的生产和运输。)”可知，建筑工人可能受自动化影响最大，故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety.(工人和雇主表示，人工智能可以减少无聊和危险的任务，从而提高员工敬业度和人身安全。)”可推知，第三段中工人和雇主对在工作场所采用人工智能的态度是支持的，故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace.(然而，最近的一项调查显示，五分之三的工人担心在未来十年内因人工智能而失去工作。此外，类似数量的工人担心工资会因人工智能而下降。超过一半的员工担心隐私，四分之三的员工表示人工智能加快了工作节奏)”可推知，第 4 段中的数字表明了工人对人工智能的担忧。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate (融入) AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. Besides, longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while properly managing the risks.(我认为，为了在未来几年更好地保护劳动力市场和工人，政府应该鼓励雇主提供更多培训，将人工智能技能融入教育中，并支持人工智能劳动力的多样性。此外，应考虑在工作场所使用人工智能的长期政策框架，并应寻求更密切的国际合作，以在妥善管理风险的同时实现利益最大化。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中的建议是要采取政策控制人工智能的影响。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南信阳·期末） In the chaos of any airport all over the globe, a familiar yet annoying sight often unfolds. Anyone who is waiting in line, patiently waiting for their zone to be called at an airport departure gate has likely seen a scene where someone attempts to slip forward and board the plane before their group has been called. It throws the whole boarding process into disorder and delays everyone else’s journey. Last month, American Airlines became the first airline to test a new technology to help strictly punish passengers who attempt to cut the line. And now, ahead of the busiest travel day of the year, the Texas-based carrier is expanding its new technology. The technology gives gate agents a hearable signal when someone scans their ticket and tries to board early, urging that passenger to step aside and wait for their correct group to be called. In this way, order is maintained and passengers can board smoothly. American is trying to roll out this system to more than 100 airports across the nation. “We are in the early stage of testing new technology used during the boarding process, designed to make sure customers receive priority boarding with ease and help the boarding experience by providing greater visibility.” a representative of the airline told ABC News. Experts said that in addition to enforcing the rules and efficiency when boarding the plane, airlines like to reward their highest paying and frequent flyers with early boarding as an extra benefit, so they want to keep it exclusive. The technology was first tested at three U. S. airports: Albuquerque International, Tucson International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. An earlier version of this story was first published on Oct.23,2024 when the technology was first being tested. 1. What is the new technology tested by American Airlines for? A. To speed up the boarding process. B. To help passengers find their seats easily. C. To stop passengers jumping the queue during boarding. D. To offer comfortable waiting areas at the departure gate. 2. What does the technology do when someone tries to board early? A. It refuses to scan the passenger’s ticket. B. It automatically closes the boarding gate. C. It sends a message to the passenger’s phone. D. It offers a warning sound to the gate agents. 3. What do the underlined words “roll out” mean in paragraph 3? A. Blame. B. Promote. C. Praise. D. Analyze. 4. What kind of passengers can board early? A. Passengers bringing plenty of luggage. B. Passengers obeying the boarding rules strictly. C. Passengers making the boarding process smoothly. D. Passengers paying the highest fares and flying frequently. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国航空公司测试的新技术，旨在严格惩罚那些试图插队的乘客，以保持登记秩序。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Last month, American Airlines became the first airline to test a new technology to help strictly punish passengers who attempt to cut the line.( 上个月，美国航空公司（American Airlines）成为首家测试一项新技术的航空公司，该技术有助于严厉惩罚试图插队的乘客。)”可知，美国航空公司测试的新技术是为了严格惩罚那些试图插队登机的乘客，也就是阻止乘客在登机时插队（stop passengers jumping the queue during boarding）。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The technology gives gate agents a hearable signal when someone scans their ticket and tries to board early, urging that passenger to step aside and wait for their correct group to be called.( 当有人扫描机票并试图提前登机时，这项技术会给检票员一个可听到的信号，敦促该乘客靠边站，等待正确的登机组被呼叫。)”可知，当有人扫描机票并试图提前登机时，这项技术会给登机口工作人员一个可听见的信号（a hearable signal），也就是向登机口工作人员发出警告声音（offers a warning sound to the gate agents）。故选D项。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“In this way, order is maintained and passengers can board smoothly.( 这样，秩序得以维持，乘客也能顺利登机。)”以及划线单词句中“American is trying to …this system to more than 100 airports across the nation.( 美国航空正试图将这一系统……到全国100多个机场。)”和前文提到美国航空公司在测试这项新技术，这里说要把这个系统推广到全国100多个机场，“roll out”意思是“推广（promote）”。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Experts said that in addition to enforcing the rules and efficiency when boarding the plane, airlines like to reward their highest paying and frequent flyers with early boarding as an extra benefit, so they want to keep it exclusive.( 专家表示，除了在登机时执行规则和提高效率外，航空公司还喜欢奖励那些收入最高和经常登机的乘客，让他们提前登机，作为一种额外的好处，所以他们希望保持这种排他性。)”可知，除了在登机时执行规则和提高效率外，航空公司喜欢给予支付最高票价和经常飞行的乘客（passengers paying the highest fares and flying frequently）提前登机的额外福利。故选D项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南新乡·期末） New evidence suggests that studying Chinese and learning to write Chinese characters may train cognitive (认知) abilities, which are not developed by learning other languages and writing systems. A study conducted by researchers from the UK’s Wellcome Trust found that people who speak Chinese use both temporal lobes (颞叶) of their brain to understand the language. This is very different from English-language speakers who use only the left temporal lobe. Speakers of Chinese use intonation (语调) to tell between completely different meanings of particular words, which needs stronger cognitive abilities. Besides, the practice of handwriting, especially of Chinese characters, will aid the development of motor skills, learning shapes and letters and will keep the mind sharp. Through the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, researchers found that neural (神经的) activity in children who practiced printing letters by hand was more strengthened than those who just looked at them. Compared with English, mostly written in line and from left to right, Chinese characters have more complex in structure (复杂的结构). Their writing involves strokes (笔画) in all four directions: up, down, left, and right. The movement of the fingers and hand helps improve neural activity in the working, thinking, and memory of the brain of the learners. Evidence also suggests that there is a connection between the learning of Chinese and math skills. Researchers from New Zealand noticed that Asian children educated in their own languages appear to have gained a greater understanding of math ideas than English-speaking children. During the natural learning process of Chinese, the student is learning basic math ideas. Math skills are included in character writing because it includes skills such as counting, grouping, ordering, and identifying similarities and differences. While the research on the relationship between the learning of Chinese and cognition is not yet fully clear, there is good evidence to suggest that learning Chinese tones and characters represents an added challenge to language learning. 1. What is the text centred on? A. Why Asian children are better at math test. B. Why Chinese is a difficult language to learn. C. How learning Chinese benefits our cognition. D. How Chinese writing differs from English writing. 2. What does the study by UK’s Wellcome Trust show? A. English speakers should learn Chinese. B. Chinese has more intonations than English. C. Using Chinese needs a higher-level brain activity. D. Mastering different meanings of Chinese is difficult. 3. Why is learning Chinese beneficial to solving math problems? A. They need quite different cognitive abilities. B. Chinese writing looks like math symbols. C. Chinese children naturally do well in math. D. They share several key cognitive abilities. 4. How is the text mainly developed? A. By offering supporting findings. B. By comparing former research. C. By discussing problems and solutions. D. By listing advantages and disadvantages. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究表明，学习汉语有利于提高认知能力，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“New evidence suggests that studying Chinese and learning to write Chinese characters may train cognitive (认知的) abilities, which are not developed by learning other languages and writing systems.(新的证据表明，学习汉语和学习汉字可以训练认知能力，这是学习其他语言和书写系统无法培养的)”可知，文章的中心是学习汉语如何有益于我们的认知。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“This is very different from English-language speakers who use only the left temporal lobe. Speakers of Chinese use intonation (语调) to tell between completely different meanings of particular words, which needs stronger cognitive abilities.(这与只使用左颞叶的英语使用者非常不同。汉语使用者使用语调来区分特定词语的完全不同的意思，这需要较强的认知能力)”可知，说中文的人使用语调来区分某些特定词汇完全不同的含义，这种特性使得说中文的人要具备更高的认知能力来理解语言。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Math skills are included in character writing because it includes skills such as counting, grouping, ordering, and identifying similarities and differences.(数学技能包含在汉字写作中，因为它包括计数、分组、排序和识别异同等技能)”可知，汉字书写融入了数学技能，因为它涉及计数、分组、排序、辨别异同等技能。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A study conducted by researchers from the UK’s Wellcome Trust found that people who speak Chinese use both temporal lobes (颞叶) of their brain to understand the language.(英国威康基金会的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，说中文的人使用大脑的两个颞叶来理解语言)”以及第三段“Through the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, researchers found that neural(神经的) activity in children who practiced printing letters by hand was more strengthened than those who just looked at them.(通过使用磁共振成像技术，研究人员发现，练习手写字母的孩子的神经活动比那些只看字母的孩子更强)”可知，该文章通过列举来自英国Wellcome Trust的研究成果，引用通过Magnetic Resonance Imaging技术得到的研究成果，以及呈现来自新西兰的研究成果来论证学习汉语有利于提高认知能力。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末） Educated is a memoir (回忆录) by Tara Westover, a woman who grows up as the youngest of seven in a rural Idaho Mormon community. She and her brothers were all born at home and are homeschooled, and her parents are deeply doubtful about the government. Her father fears that public education standards are just brainwashing. The story is told in three parts. Part One details her childhood. Westover describes her father’s radicalization (激进). In Part Two, Westover goes to college at BYU. She describes the culture shock of being confused about what the Holocaust (大屠杀) was. Then she has to learn about history and struggles through her first romantic relationship. Finally in Part Three, Westover goes to Cambridge for her PhD, attempts to face her family issues and brings us up to date with her life now. Educated is an attractive book on various levels. As a personal journey for Westover, it’s successful. Westover goes from receiving little education to eventually getting her PhD at Cambridge. As a story, it’s unique. Westover’s experiences make for a different viewpoint. And as a reader, it’s interesting to consider how her views are shaped. To be honest, in the beginning Educated was not on my reading list until it became a real hit. It’s highly personal and not a topic I am particularly interested in. I feel that perhaps Westover wrote this book too soon. It seems like the story we’re reading is the one she’s built on purpose to make sense of everything that happened to her. I imagine she still has a longer journey to really process it all and what it means. And, when the book concludes, things are largely unsolved with her family. However, Westover’s story of struggle has inspired a lot of readers, including me. Besides, from this book I have a better understanding that education is really an important process of self-discovery — of developing a sense of self and what you think. 1. Why are Tara and her brothers homeschooled? A. They can’t afford to go to school. B. There aren’t schools in the community. C. Their parents don’t trust the government. D. Their parents are well educated to teach them. 2. What can we know about Tara Westover from Educated? A. She has a happy childhood. B. She’s awarded her PHD at BYU. C. She once suffered culture shock. D. She has trouble getting on with others. 3. What may first cause the author to choose the book? A. It is quite enjoyed by readers. B. Its topic attracts the author. C. The story is very interesting. D. Its content is new to the author. 4. What’s the author’s attitude towards this book? A. Uncertain. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Subjective. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《你当像鸟飞往你的山》这本书以及作者的阅读感受。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“She and her brothers were all born at home and are homeschooled, and her parents are deeply doubtful about the government.(她和她的兄弟们都在家里出生，在家接受教育，她的父母对政府深表怀疑)”可知，塔拉和她的兄弟们在家上学因为他们的父母不信任政府。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In Part Two, Westover goes to college at BYU. She describes the culture shock of being confused about what the Holocaust (大屠杀) was.(在第二部分中，韦斯特弗去了杨百翰大学。她描述了对大屠杀是什么感到困惑的文化冲击)”可知，塔拉·韦斯特弗曾经遭受过文化冲击。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To be honest, in the beginning Educated was not on my reading list until it became a real hit.(老实说，一开始《你当像鸟飞往你的山》并没有出现在我的阅读清单上，直到它成为一本真正的畅销书)”可知，这本书深受读者的喜爱让作者选择这本书。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To be honest, in the beginning Educated was not on my reading list until it became a real hit. It’s highly personal and not a topic I am particularly interested in. I feel that perhaps Westover wrote this book too soon. It seems like the story we’re reading is the one she’s built on purpose to make sense of everything that happened to her. I imagine she still has a longer journey to really process it all and what it means. And, when the book concludes, things are largely unsolved with her family. However, Westover’s story of struggle has inspired a lot of readers, including me. Besides, from this book I have a better understanding that education is really an important process of self-discovery — of developing a sense of self and what you think.(老实说，一开始《受教育的人》并没有出现在我的阅读清单上，直到它成为一本真正的畅销书。这是非常私人的话题，不是我特别感兴趣的话题。我觉得也许韦斯特奥弗写这本书写得太早了。我们读到的这个故事似乎是她故意编造出来的，好让发生在她身上的一切都有意义。我想她还有更长的一段路要走，才能真正理解这一切以及它的意义。而且，当这本书结束时，她与家人的关系基本上没有得到解决。然而，韦斯特弗的奋斗故事激励了包括我在内的许多读者。此外，从这本书中，我更好地理解了教育实际上是一个重要的自我发现的过程——培养自我意识和你的想法)”可知，作者说明了这本书的一些不足之处以及书带给作者的启发，即作者对这本书持客观态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南郑州·期末） February is coming, and with it comes the review of those New Year’s resolutions (决定) that were so eagerly made just a few weeks ago. It’s thought that about a quarter of us make New Year’s resolutions every January, but evidence varies around how many of us actually manage to stick to them. In one set of data (数据), from the quarter of us who make New Year’s resolutions, about 35% report sticking to all of their goals, while 50% manage some of them. But what about those remaining people who fall short , and don’t carry out their resolutions? If that’s you, you’re not alone. In 2023, a separate piece of research carried out at Edith Cowan University, Australia, found that two-thirds of people surveyed gave up on their New Year’s resolutions in the first month of the year. But all is not lost, so don’t be too hard on yourself if you don’t stick to your resolutions. It is not too late if you want to start up your resolutions again as we move into February. The words we choose and the approach we take when creating our resolutions can have a significant impact on our success. Research carried out in 2023 at Stockholm University found that so-called “approach goals” were much more effective than “avoidance goals”. Approach goals, like “I will exercise three times a week to stay healthy and fit”, include achieving or keeping a good result. Avoidance goals, such as “I’ll stop eating chocolate and sweets”, try to avoid a bad result. In addition, make your resolutions specific and measurable. Goals such as “I want to get fit” are too unclear to achieve or keep up with. So look at how you presented your resolutions and have a think about how you go about acting on them -it may not be too late to try them again. How about trying for February? 1. What can replace the underlined part “fall short” in paragraph 1? A. Care nothing. B. Lose heart. C. Fail to achieve. D. Keep trying. 2. What did the 2023 Australian research show? A. New Year’s resolutions were useless. B. New Year’s resolutions varied from year to year. C. People took their New Year’s resolutions lightly. D. Most people didn’t keep their New Year’s resolutions. 3. Which of the following resolutions is achievable? A. I’ll read a book a month. B. I’ll quit drinking. C. I’ll stop using social media. D. I’ll not stay up for ever. 4. What is a suitable title for this text? A. A New February? B. Never Too Late to Start Over? C. Say No to New Year’s Resolutions? D. New Year’s Resolutions, Same You? 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出多数人难以坚持新年决心，介绍了制定有效新年决心的方法，并鼓励人们在二月重新尝试，重新开始永远不晚。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。从划线句“But what about those remaining people who fall short , and don’t carry out their resolutions? (但是，那些 的人，没有执行决心的人呢？)”中and don’t carry out their resolutions可知，“fall short”描述的是那些没有执行自己新年决心的人。所以C选项 Fail to achieve意思是“未能达成”，与 “没有执行新年决心”意思相符，即这些人没有达成自己设定的新年目标。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“In 2023, a separate piece of research carried out at Edith Cowan University, Australia, found that two-thirds of people surveyed gave up on their New Year’s resolutions in the first month of the year. (2023年，澳大利亚伊迪丝科文大学进行的另一项研究发现，三分之二的受访者在新年的第一个月就放弃了他们的新年决心。)”可知，三分之二这个比例表明大多数人没有坚持住自己的新年决心。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“In addition, make your resolutions specific and measurable. Goals such as ‘I want to get fit’ are too unclear to achieve or keep up with.(此外，让你的决心具体而可衡量。诸如‘我想健身’之类的目标太不清楚，无法实现或跟上。)”可知，要使新年决心可实现，需要具体且可衡量。A 选项“I’ll read a book a month”，明确规定了每个月读一本书，时间和任务都很具体，具有可衡量性，符合可实现的要求。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出二月来临，人们会回顾几周前急切立下的新年决心，接着用数据表明多数人难以坚持这些决心。随后提到即便没坚持住也不必自责，二月重新开始也为时未晚，还介绍了制定有效新年决心的方法并鼓励再次尝试。而D选项New Year’s Resolutions, Same You?(新年决心，你依旧如故？)，其含义为新年决心立下了，但人还是原来的状态，没有改变，这与文章中人们制定了新年决心，却大多难以坚持，最终可能没有因决心而有所改变的主旨相契合。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南周口·期末） Fish farming is a form of aquaculture (水产养殖), in which fish are raised in pools to be sold as food. They take up over half of the world’s fish supply and are key for meeting the needs of an ever-growing human population. However, fish farms now face a big challenge. The uneaten food and waste made by the thousands of sea animals limited to small spaces often build up to harmful levels. Every year, a large number of fish die because of sicknesses. Besides, the phosphorous and nitrogen that come out from the waste can cause algae (藻类) to grow a lot. These algae take up the O2 in the water. This makes it hard for the fish to breathe and they can die. Right now, fish farms fix these problems by using recirculating (再循环) systems. These systems clean the water and deal with the waste. But it costs a lot to put them in and they are hard to keep in good working order. Now, some fish farms are turning to sea cucumbers (海参) for help. The bottom-animals are often called the ocean’s “cleaners”. They feed on very tiny animals, algae, and the waste on the seabed. Even better, the sand they take in will come out again in the form of CaCO3, which helps support the growth of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Sea cucumbers are considered a delicious food in some parts of the world. Once their numbers grow, they could also bring an extra income source for fish farms. Adding sea cucumbers to fish farms is part of a bigger plan to make them into balanced and good-for-long-time ecosystems (生态系统). Experts believe it can be achieved if we grow many different kinds of ocean animals from different parts of the food chain. “We’re trying to mimic natural environments,” says ocean researcher Chris Pearce. “So in such environments, the ocean animals are just doing what they do naturally out in the wild. But when we put them together with other kinds of animals, they are helping the ecosystem.” 1. What is the main problem that fish farms face? A. Unexplained death of fish. B. High cost of fish food. C. Waste management. D. Strong competition. 2. Why are sea cucumbers introduced by some fish farms? A. They take in CaCO3. B. They do good to the algae. C. They serve as food for fish. D. They deal with waste on the seabed. 3. What does the underlined word “mimic” in the last paragraph mean? A. Copy. B. Explore. C. Protect. D. Clean. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Balanced Ecosystems Are Out of Reach B. Recirculating Systems Bring New Hope for Fish Farms C. The World’s Fish Supply Is Facing Greater Challenges D. Sea Cucumbers Help with Fish Farms’ Waste Treatment 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科学家使用海参解决水产养殖中的废物带来的困扰。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“However, fish farms now face a big challenge. (然而，如今的养鱼场面临着一个巨大的挑战。)”以及第二段的“The uneaten food and waste made by the thousands of sea animals limited to small spaces often build up to harmful levels. (数千只被限制在狭小空间内的海洋动物所产生的未进食的食物和废物常常堆积到有害的程度。)”可推知，目前水产养殖面临的问题是废物处理问题。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They feed on very tiny animals, algae, and the waste on the seabed. (它们以非常细小的动物、藻类以及海底的废物为食。)”可知，海参以微小动物、藻类和海底的废物为食，所以一些水产养殖场引进海参来应对废物问题。故选D项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文的“So in such environments, the ocean animals are just doing what they do naturally out in the wild. (因此，在这样的环境中，海洋动物只是在做它们在野外自然会做的事情。)”可知，在这样的环境中，海洋动物们所做的事情和它们在野外环境中所做的事情相同。由此推知，海洋动物专家们想要做的是“模拟”自然环境。mimic与copy意思相近，意为“模拟”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now, some fish farms are turning to sea cucumbers (海参) for help. The bottom-animals are often called the ocean’s “cleaners”. (现在，一些养鱼场开始求助于海参。这种底栖动物常常被称为海洋的“清洁工”。)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍水产养殖场所面临的废物处理问题，以及目前一些水产养殖场采取的措施——引进海参。D项“海参帮助应对水产养殖场的废物处理问题”能够概括文章内容，适合作文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） Cutting calorie intake can lead to a thinner body and a longer life, which results from the weight loss and metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes caused by eating less food. Now, one of the biggest studies of dietary limits challenges the traditional idea about how dietary limits promote living longer. To test this, an experiment involving nearly 1,000 mice was carried out. The mice were fed low-calorie diets or used to regular practices of not eating. The findings showed that such practices did cause weight loss and related metabolic changes. But other factors — including immune health, and genetics — seem to better explain the link between cutting calories and increased lifespan (寿命). Scientists have long known that calorie restriction, a way of long-term limits on food intake, lengthens lifespan in laboratory animals. Some studies have shown that intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食), which involves short periods of not having food, can also increase lifespan. To learn more about how such diets work, the researchers monitored the health and lifespan of 960 mice, which were all different from each other, just like people. Some mice were placed on calorie-limited diets, another group followed intermittent fasting methods, and others were allowed to eat freely. The study showed cutting calories by 40% produced the longest lifespan, but intermittent fasting and less strict calorie limits also increased average lifespan. The dieting mice also displayed favourable metabolic changes, such as decline in body fat and blood sugar levels. However, the effects of dietary limits on metabolism and lifespan didn’t always change at the same time. To the authors’ surprise, the mice that lost the most weight on a calorie-limited diet tended to die younger than animals that lost relatively smaller amounts. This suggests that there are other things happening in our bodies when we eat less that we aren’t aware of yet. The findings could reshape how scientists think about studies of dietary limits in humans. In a very detailed study about a low-calorie diet for healthy people who aren’t overweight, scientists discovered that it could slow down the rate at which their bodies consumed energy. This short-term effect is believed to lead to more lasting advantages for their overall lifespan. The mouse data from Churchill’s team suggest energy measurements might show how healthy we are while we’re alive—but more ways are needed to know whether such “anti-ageing” strategies can truly lengthen life. 1. What was the main goal of the experiment involving nearly 1,000 mice? A. To observe food effects on weight loss. B. To test the truth of the traditional idea. C. To find out if immune health lengthens life. D. To compare life length of genetically different mice. 2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The result of the experiment. B. The effect of the experiment. C. The method of the experiment. D. The process of the experiment. 3. What unexpected result did the study show about the mice in the study? A. Steady weight loss was best for lifespan. B. Weight loss had no effect on their lifespan. C. The more weight they lost, the longer they lived. D. Losing weight most didn’t ensure the longest lifespan. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. We need to do more to find the exact answer. B. Low-calorie diets are sure to lengthen lifespan. C. Metabolic effects of diets are fully understood. D. Energy measurements are useless in predicting lifespan. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是关于饮食限制（特别是热量摄入限制）对寿命影响的研究。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, one of the biggest studies of dietary limits challenges the traditional idea about how dietary limits promote living longer.(现在，一项关于饮食限制的最大研究挑战了饮食限制如何促进长寿的传统观点。)”和第二段“To test this, an experiment involving nearly 1,000 mice was carried out.(为了验证这一点，研究人员进行了一项涉及近1000只老鼠的实验。)”可知，这项涉及近1000只老鼠的实验的主要目标是检验传统观念的真实性。故选B。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“To learn more about how such diets work, the researchers monitored the health and lifespan of 960 mice, which were all different from each other, just like people. Some mice were placed on calorie-limited diets, another group followed intermittent fasting methods, and others were allowed to eat freely.(为了更多地了解这种饮食是如何起作用的，研究人员监测了960只老鼠的健康和寿命，这些老鼠和人一样，彼此都不一样。一些老鼠被限制卡路里的饮食，另一组遵循间歇性禁食方法，其他老鼠被允许自由进食。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是实验的方法。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To the authors’ surprise, the mice that lost the most weight on a calorie-limited diet tended to die younger than animals that lost relatively smaller amounts.(令作者惊讶的是，通过限制卡路里饮食减肥最多的老鼠往往比减肥相对较少的老鼠死得更早。)”可知，研究显示的意想不到的结果是减肥并不能保证最长的寿命。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The mouse data from Churchill’s team suggest energy measurements might show how healthy we are while we’re alive—but more ways are needed to know whether such “anti-ageing” strategies can truly lengthen life.(丘吉尔研究小组的老鼠数据表明，能量测量可能会显示我们活着时的健康状况，但需要更多的方法来了解这种“抗衰老”策略是否真的能延长寿命。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了我们需要做更多的工作来找到确切的答案。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南新蔡·期末） Wild African elephants may break sleep records for mammals (哺乳动物). New data show that they seem to survive on about two hours of shut-eye a night. Much of that sleeping took place while they were standing up. The animals lie down to sleep only once every three to four nights. Trying to figure out how much wild elephants sleep just by watching them 24 hours a day is tricky, especially in the dark. Much of what scientists had known about sleeping elephants came from animals living in zoos, notes Paul Manger, who is a brain researcher at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. In zoos, elephants have been recorded sleeping from about three hours to nearly seven during a 24-hour period. Using electronic monitors on African elephants in the wild, however, has turned up more extreme behavior. Manger’s team implanted (植入) activity monitors in the trunks (象鼻) of two elephants. Both were female leaders of their herds in the Chobe National Park. Trunks, like human hands, are important for exploring the world. Elephants hardly keep them still — unless sleeping. The researchers thought that a trunk monitor that didn’t move for at least five minutes likely meant its host was asleep. The monitors tracked the animals over about a month. During that time, the elephants averaged just two hours of sleep a day. What’s more, the elephants were able to skip a night’s sleep without needing extra rest the next day. Those trunk implants showed there were times when the elephants went up to 46 hours without any sleep. There has been some thought that animals need sleep to store memories properly. But that can’t explain animals, like the elephants, which skip sleep for a night without needing catch-up rest later. “Elephants are usually not considered to be forgetful animals,” Manger observes. In fact, he notes, studies have found that they can have long memories. 1. How did the African elephants typically sleep according to the new study? A. They stood up. B. They walked around. C. They grouped. D. They kept eyes open. 2. Why did Manger’s team implant the trunk monitors? A. To test a new tracker. B. To help elephants fall asleep. C. To train wild animals. D. To study elephants’ sleep. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People always think elephants are forgetful animals. B. A good night’s sleep benefits all the wildlife’s brains. C. Little sleep doesn’t affect the memory of elephants. D. Scientists can’t understand why sleep makes sense. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Tips on watching wildlife. B. Wild elephants’ sleep habit. C. Efforts to protect wild elephants. D. National nature reserves in Africa. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于野生非洲象睡眠模式的新发现，即它们每晚似乎只睡大约两个小时，并且大部分时间是站立着睡觉，每隔三到四晚才会躺下一次。研究挑战了以往基于动物园大象的研究结论，展示了野生动物行为学研究中的新见解，同时也对动物需要睡眠来储存记忆的传统观点提出了疑问。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New data show that they seem to survive on about two hours of shut-eye a night. Much of that sleeping took place while they were standing up. The animals lie down to sleep only once every three to four nights. (新的数据显示，它们似乎每晚只睡两个小时就能存活下来。大部分睡眠都是在他们站着的时候进行的。这些动物每三到四个晚上才躺下睡觉一次。)”可知，这项新研究显示，非洲象通常站着睡觉。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Trying to figure out how much wild elephants sleep just by watching them 24hoursa day is tricky, especially in the dark (仅仅通过观察野生大象一天24小时来计算它们的睡眠时间是很棘手的，尤其是在黑暗中。)”、第三段“Manger’s team implanted (植入) activity monitors in the trunks (象鼻) of two elephants. (Manger的团队在两头大象的鼻子中植入了活动监测器。)”及第四段“The monitors tracked the animals over about a month. During that time, the elephants averaged just two hours of sleep a day. What’s more, the elephants were able to skip a night’s sleep without needing extra rest the next day. Those trunk implants showed there were times when the elephants went up to 46 hours without any sleep. (监测器对这些动物进行了大约一个月的跟踪。在此期间，大象平均每天只睡两个小时。更重要的是，大象可以跳过一个晚上的睡眠，第二天不需要额外的休息。这些鼻子植入物显示，有时大象可以长达46个小时不睡觉。)”可知，Manger 的团队在这两头母象的鼻子里植入监视器是为了研究大象的睡眠情况。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There has been some thought that animals need sleep to store memories properly. But that can’t explain animals, like the elephants, which skip sleep for a night without needing catch-up rest later. “Elephants are usually not considered to be forgetful animals,” Manger observes. In fact, he notes, studies have found that they can have long memories. (有一些人认为动物需要睡眠来正确地储存记忆。但这并不能解释像大象这样的动物，它们一晚上不睡觉，以后不需要补觉。“大象通常不被认为是健忘的动物，”曼格说。事实上，他指出，研究发现们可以它有很长的记忆。)”可知，睡眠不足不会影响大象的记忆。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Wild African elephants may break sleep records for mammals (哺乳动物). New data show that they seem to survive on about two hours of shut-eye a night. Much of that sleeping took place while they were standing up. The animals lie down to sleep only once every three to four nights. (野生非洲象可能打破哺乳动物的睡眠记录。新的数据显示，它们似乎每晚只睡两个小时就能存活下来。大部分睡眠都是在他们站着的时候进行的。这些动物每三到四个晚上才躺下睡觉一次。)”可知，文章主要介绍了关于野生非洲象睡眠模式的新发现，即它们每晚似乎只睡大约两个小时，并且大部分时间是站立着睡觉，每隔三到四晚才会躺下一次。选项B“Wild elephants’ sleep habit. (野象的睡眠习惯)”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南许昌·期末） Last week, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres coined a new term. The time of global warming has ended, he announced, and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. You can see why he said it. July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef, off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, “global boiling” is clearly an overstatement, but “global warming” is now far too weak a description. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t received enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis, nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and act — now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to describe this? Possibly. Take the challenge yourself: can you think up a brief, correct phrase to cover worsening local- and regional-scale (区域级的) droughts, fires, typhoons and floods; damage to crops and food safety; water shortages; existential threats to coral reefs and low-lying communities? You can see how hard it is. 1. What made Guterres use the phrase “global boiling”? A. The reviews from critics. B. The new scientific findings. C. The present serious situation. D. The future course of climate change. 2. Why did such phrases as “climate crisis” fail to attract our attention? A. None of these phrases reflect the truth. B. Fewer crises have happened in recent years. C. Many phrases haven’t been mentioned publicly. D. Certain climate disasters haven’t happened to us. 3. What does the author try to say by using “But that is changing”? A. But climate crises are worsening. B. But several crises will be solved. C. But people will face food shortages. D. But people are taking effective measures. 4. What does the author think of Guterres’ saying “global boiling”? A. It is beyond reality. B. It is just to scare people. C. It is reasonably acceptable. D. It is just to comfort the public 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯提出了“全球沸腾”这一新术语，以描述当前气候变化的严重性。文章讨论了这一术语的使用及其背后的原因，并探讨了人们对气候危机的认识和反应。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef, off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead.(七月是有记录以来全球最热的月份。高温和严重的野火席卷了北半球。海洋热浪正在破坏世界第三大珊瑚礁，位于佛罗里达州附近。随着温室气体水平的持续上升，这意味着未来将出现更多更热的夏天。)”可知，Guterres使用“全球沸腾”这个短语是因为目前严峻的形势。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t received enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes.(同样，“气候危机”等短语也没有得到足够的关注。这是因为我们中的许多人仍然觉得我们没有亲眼看到这场危机。)”可知，“气候危机”等短语没能引起我们的注意是因为某些气候灾难没有发生在我们身上。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain.(但这种情况正在改变。在过去的几年里，极端天气和相关事件袭击了许多国家。澳大利亚的黑色夏季引发了一场大火，烧毁了相当于英国大小的地区。德国在2021年遭受了严重的洪灾。2022年巴基斯坦的洪水淹没了该国的大部分地区。中国经历了干旱和洪涝灾害。非洲之角多年来一直遭受严重干旱。由于大雨造成的破坏，印度已经停止出口大米。)”可知，作者用“But that is changing”想说的是气候变化引发的危机正在恶化。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and act — now we can see what climate change looks like.(当古特雷斯使用深刻影响的话语时，他并不是在邀请我们想象好莱坞式的灾难。他所希望的是让人们现在就开始倾听并采取行动，现在我们可以看到气候变化是什么样子的)”可知，作者认为古特雷斯使用“全球沸腾”这一说法是为了让人们倾听并采取行动，因为现在我们可以看到气候变化的样子。因此，作者认为这种说法是合理可接受的。故选C项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） Fang Wenshan, known for his poetic and artistic works, often draws inspiration from ancient Chinese poetry. His lyrics (歌词), featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm (吸引) audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture. Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music, earning lots of awards and contributing to Jay Chou’s albums for over half of his career. His lyrics, such as “The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,” show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry. What’s more, he is devoted to promoting traditional culture. He expressed his willingness to share its spirits with a wider audience through various cultural factors, including Hanfu cultural festivals, tea culture experiences, and so on. He, who has hosted Hanfu cultural festivals for 12 years, believes that pop culture can give new life to traditional culture. He shares his driving force with the Global Times, stating, “What a person creates originates from his or her values. I have created a number of lyrics as I am deeply fond of the essences of traditional Chinese culture. The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event”. Fang’s journey in traditional Chinese culture began during his school years in Taiwan, where he immersed himself in classical literature, particularly Song Dynasty poetry, which continues to influence his work today. He reflects: “No one told me that you have to walk along this way in your career, but I love the cultural atmosphere so I naturally found the direction”. 1. Which of the following can best describe Fang Wenshan’s lyrics? A. They are criticized for being traditional. B. They are rarely featured in modern pop music. C. They have played an insignificant role in Jay Chou’s albums. D. They have contributed to the popularity of Chinese-style pop music. 2. What makes Fang outstanding in the music industry? A. His ability to explore Chinese culture. B. His ability to focus on modern themes. C. His ability to combine the old and the new. D. His ability to create music using simple words. 3. What drives Fang Wenshan to promote Hanfu culture? A. To strengthen the recognition of cultural identity. B. To popularize Chinese-style pop music. C. To get media attention and make great profits. D. To create more lyrics to amuse people. 4. Which of the following can best describe Fang? A. Devoted and grateful. B. Unique and creative. C. Humorous and helpful. D. Determined and selfless. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南商丘·期末） Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival amazes visitors and netizens with innovative (创新的) kites, as “paper birds” of unimaginable designs keep appearing in the sky. This year, 622 kite artists from 59 countries and regions took part in the event. There were a variety of activities, including daylight and night kite shows, a kite flying competition, an exhibition of kite-themed creative artworks and so on. During the festival, visitors were amazed by many great and innovative kites on display. The longest one was a 280-meter-long Chinese dragon kite, while a 175-meter-long centipede kite took several people to control it while it was flying across the sky. Another giant kite, a whale, had to be flown by a team of a dozen men. Many kites contained elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. The 50-meter-long kite of a phoenix was something special, together with the seventh fairy from Chinese legend. Some people said the flying objects at the 40th Weifang International Kite Festival reminded them of the Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York, but they were hundreds of times bigger in scale and crazier. Compared with the past festivals, this year’s event was highlighted (突出) by many innovations by both experienced and young kite makers. The innovative kites presented this year brought many pleasant surprises to kite lovers all over the world, and will bring the people of China and other countries closer. 1. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the kites? A. Their designers. B. Their price. C. Their shapes and sizes. D. Their tradition. 2. The Thanksgiving Day Parade is mentioned to say ______. A. kite flying competitors are from abroad. B. this year’s kite festival is impressive. C. it is the most popular in Western countries. D. it is as important as this year’s kite festival. 3. What sets this year’s kite festival apart from the past ones? A. Festival-goers. B. The number of kites. C. Creativity. D. Theme. 4. From which part of the website can you most probably read this text? A. Culture. B. Travel. C. Science. D. Education. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南固始·期末） Lion dance, which mimics (模仿) a lion with kung fu and acrobatic (杂技的) styles, is a traditional Chinese performing art that could often be seen during festive occasions like Spring Festival. It’s believed to have started in the Three Kingdoms period and peaked in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In ancient China, the lion was regarded as a symbol of good luck. The lion dance is often performed in celebrations to this day and in 2006, it was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产).  Qiu Haiwei, 17, and Huang Qingliang, 16, are two lion dance lovers in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They started learning the dance two years ago. Though lion dance performances are breathtaking, learning the art is another matter.  Dancing on the poles makes the art a fascinating sight. There are 21 poles of heights between 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters with up to 1.8 meters between them. A single false step will send the performers falling to the ground below. As a result, the ancient art form has fallen out of favor with the young generation, as the skills take years to master while only a low wage can be earned. Also, coaches and funding can be hard to find, so it’s difficult for a lion dance troupe (表演队) to survive. But since 2017, local authorities in Guangxi have teamed up with companies and schools to help reboot the ancient art.  “We must work hard to help pass on the heritage and its spirit to future generations,” Deng Minghua, a national inheritor of the cultural heritage, told Xinhua. 1. What’s the longest distance between two poles used for lion dance? A. 1.8 meters. B. 2.5 meters. C. 1.2 meters. D. 2.4 meters. 2. Why is it difficult for the lion dance troupe to survive? A. No one wants to learn lion dance. B. Mastering lion dance takes decades. C. The payment is not satisfying enough. D. Coaches are not professional enough. 3. What can be learned about lion dance according to the text? A. People will perform it only in spring festival. B. Local authorities attach great importance to it. C. It started in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. D. It has been added to the list of tangible cultural heritage. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The future development of lion dance. B. How to perform lion dance successfully. C. Why young generations don’t prefer lion dance. D. The importance of keeping lion dance culture alive. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期末） In Victorian London, Alexander Parkes developed the world’s first plastic. Notpla, a company now based in the same part of the city, developed its material made from seaweed. At Emirates Stadium, football fans already enjoy hot dogs served on trays (托盘) using the material, which breaks down naturally in just six weeks. Notpla is not the only company which is exploring using natural polymers — such as corn, mushrooms (蘑菇) or agricultural waste — as alternatives to plastic. IKEA, a Swedish homewares giant, has experimented with mushroom-based packaging. More and more companies make efforts to reduce their plastic waste. This year, according to the OECD, about seven-tenths of 500m tonnes of plastic will end up in landfill or be thrown into waterways or oceans. The production and disposal (处置) of plastic accounts for about 3% of global greenhouse — gas emissions — more than from aviation. For most companies, the main use of plastic is for packaging, which accounts for a third of the material’s production, and much of it cannot be recycled. Many businesses have already begun taking steps to reduce this type of waste. Coca-Cola, for example, has replaced its green Sprite lemonade bottles with easily-recycled plastic. Since 2018, 250 companies, have reduced their use of plastic for packaging by 3%. But it’s far short of the 18% target they set for next year. Greater use of alternative packaging materials might help them pick up the pace. However, many of the alternative materials remain expensive. A seaweed-coated hot-dog trays cost about three to four times more than a plastic one. Companies will thus need to survey how many shoppers are willing to pay for it. In a survey of consumers conducted by Euromonitor, more than four-fifths said they would pay a higher price for a product with sustainable packaging. Whether such good intentions translate into shopping behaviour is another matter. 1. What is the advantage of Notpla’s material? A. It enjoys great popularity. B. It lasts as long as possible. C. It is environment-friendly. D. It is made from seaweed. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. The companies reached the goal they had set before. B. A half of the produced plastic is used for packaging. C. Many companies can recycle 3% of their used plastic. D. Alternative materials may speed up the drop of plastic use. 3. What is the challenge of adopting alternative materials? A. The difficulty in recycling them. B. The lack of consumers’ awareness. C. The lack of government support. D. The high cost of alternative materials. 4. What is the suitable title of this passage? A. Great Popularity of Seaweed Materials B. New Possibilities of Future Packaging C. Big Breakthroughs in Recycling Plastic D. Sudden Disappearance of Plastic Packaging Passage 5 （24-25高一上·河南开封·期末） ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A. It has artificial intelligence. B. It can answer users’ questions. C. It has the largest number of users. D. It can engage in meaningful conversations. 2. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A. Its capability of information processing. B. Its accurate information. C. Its availability of up-to-date data. D. Its vast body of questions. 3. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A. ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B. ChatGPT lacks creativity. C. ChatGPT offers illogical information. D. ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Intolerant. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南开封·期末） Think back to your first memory. How old were you at the time? Chances are you can’t remember anything earlier than kindergarten or primary school — nothing about your first words, steps, or solid food other than what your parents have later told you. This phenomenon is called “infantile amnesia”, due to which the majority of adults rarely remember things that happen to them before the age of three. So why is it that we can’t remember being a baby? The answer lies in the way that our brain’s ability to store memories changes as we grow. At birth, a baby’s brain is only a quarter of its adult size, growing to three-quarters the size of an adult brain by age two. This increase is associated with a growth in the number of brain cells — called neurons (神经元) — and the connections between these cells. A part of the brain that is particularly important in forming memories is the hippocampus (海马体), says Dr Dhanisha Jhaveri, a researcher at The University of Queensland. This region stores autobiographical memories from specific events in our lives. “In the hippocampus, new neurons are constantly being created. In adulthood, new cells are still being produced, but the rate of production in the hippocampus slows down,” says Dr Jhaveri. Neuroscientists believe that the rapid rate at which brain cells are being produced in childhood could be the cause of infantile amnesia. Because so many new neurons are being produced and form connections with each other in memory circuits, they might disrupt (扰乱) existing networks of memories that have already formed. Despite this memory loss, childhood experiences have been found to influence adult behaviour years later, which suggests that traces of these memories could be stored somewhere in the brain that isn’t easy to access. In research in animals, scientists have found that latent (潜在的) traces of early experiences remain in the brain for a long time, and can later be triggered (触发) by a reminder. It highlights the important influence of early life experiences on mental and emotional well-being later in life. 1. What is infantile amnesia? A. The inability to form memories during adulthood. B. The inability to recall early experiences. C. The influence on existing memory networks. D. The influence on mental and emotional well-being. 2. What do we learn about the brain according to the passage? A. New neurons disrupt existing memory circuits. B. The hippocampus plays a passive role in one’s memory. C. A baby’s brain is three-quarters the size of an adult brain. D. Brain cells are being produced more rapidly in adulthood. 3. What does the research in animals show? A. Memories are stored separately in their brain. B. Memories are mainly formed when they are young. C. Early experiences have a long-term impact on life. D. Early experiences are easy to be triggered by a reminder. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. The Formation of Early Childhood Memories B. The Impact of Infantile Amnesia on Memory Networks C. The Role of the Hippocampus in Memory Formation D. The Influence of Early Life Experiences on Mental Well-being Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南南阳·期末） Psychologists analysed messages from more than 5,000 people across eight studies and found that those who used abbreviations (缩写) were viewed as less sincere and were less likely to receive responses as a result. Abbreviations have increased sharply in the age of digital messaging, but the findings suggest that dashing off a swift “hru? ” might not seem as sincere as taking the time to spell out: “How are you? ” David Fang at Stanford University and colleagues at the University of Toronto ran the studies to investigate the impact of abbreviations in different messaging situations. They began by asking participants to rate the sincerity of messages with and without abbreviations and how likely they were to respond. Next, they analysed messages on the Discord, a social messaging platform and from the dating app, Tinder. People who used abbreviations tended to receive fewer responses than those who spelled words out, and the responses were typically shorter, the studies found. While younger people used more abbreviations, the negative effect remained, the researchers said. Since the first text message in 1992, senders have increasingly adopted abbreviations for efficiency. Phrases like “idrc” for “I don’t really care” and “ily” for “I love you” are common. The study aimed to understand whether these abbreviations, intended to express the same meaning as full words, have subtle effects on recipients (接收者). One school of thought is that abbreviations are more informal and foster a closeness between those messaging. Another holds that abbreviations show a lack of effort and interest in the person. “Our findings indicate that people value conversational quality and prefer messages that convey thoughtfulness and personal connection,” the researchers write. However, some psychologists argue that the context of the message and the relationship between the sender and receiver can influence how abbreviations are viewed. It remains a challenge how to employ them properly for most people. 1. What do the underlined words “dashing off” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Typing swiftly. B. Updating quickly. C. Sending hesitantly. D. Selecting carefully. 2. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A. The principle of the study. B. The selection of abbreviations. C. The process of the study. D. The history of abbreviations. 3. Why was the study performed according to the text? A. To understand the frequency of abbreviation use. B. To describe people’s preferences for abbreviations. C. To identify the most commonly used abbreviations. D. To explore the effects of abbreviations on recipients. 4. What might the article discuss next? A. The research on relationships. B. The suitable use of abbreviations. C. The development of abbreviations. D. The impact of digital communication. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南濮阳·期末） Encouraging people to exercise outdoors could help to prevent several conditions including depression and type 2 diabetes, the first study of its kind has found. Physical activity in natural environments prevents almost 13,000 cases of non-communicable (非传染的) diseases (NCDs) a year in England and saves treatment costs of more than £100m, researchers from the University of Exeter said. NCDs are a group of conditions that cannot be spread between people and result in long-term health problems. The most common — including heart and lung disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes — cause 74 percent of global deaths and are on the rise, according to the World Health Organisation. The Exeter study focused on places such as beaches and coasts, countryside and open spaces in towns and cities, such as parks. Using data including a survey of the English population, the research team estimated (估计) how many cases of six NCDs — major depressive disorder (MDD), type 2 diabetes, ischaemic (局部的) heart disease, ischaemic stroke, colon cancer, and breast cancer — are prevented through nature-based recreational exercise. In 2019, 22 million adults in England aged 16 years or older visited natural environments at least once a week. Using reported exercise levels, the researchers estimated that this prevented 12,763 cases of NCDs — the vast majority being MDD — creating annual healthcare savings of £108.7m. Although it has been reported that exercising specifically in natural environments is more helpful for a lot of emotional outcomes compared with urban environments, this is the first such survey conducted on a national wide, the research team said. “We have almost certainly underestimated the true value of nature-based physical activity in terms of disease prevention,” Dr James Grellier from the University of Exeter Medical School, said. The team hope that their study, published in Environment International, encourages investment in spaces such as parks to make it easier for people to be physically active. 1. What does paragragh 2 mainly about? A. The cause of NCDs. B. The general introduction of NCDs. C. The treatment of NCDs. D. The prevention of NCDs. 2. What can we infer about outdoor exercise from paragraph 4? A. It attracts people with MDD. B. It increases the cases of NCDs. C. It has little effect on those under 16. D. It’s very helpful for mental health. 3. What should be built more according to the researchers? A. Parks. B. Gyms. C. Hospitals. D. Apartments. 4. What can be the best title of this text? A. New Cures for NCDs Are Found B. City Residents Need More Exercise C. Exercise Outdoors to Prevent Disease D. NCDs Are a Major Threat to Humanity 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南许昌·期末） Seahorses are small, thin fish. They’re called “seahorses” because they look a bit like horses. Seahorses aren’t great swimmers. There are over 40 different kinds of seahorses. Many kinds of them are threatened. On July 18, 2020, Australian scientists released (释放) hundreds of baby White’s seahorses into the wild. These seahorses were named the second most endangered kind of seahorse in the world. To begin the project, scientists collected three pregnant male seahorses in January. Those seahorses were brought back to the aquarium (水族馆) at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS). After the babies were born, the scientists kept them at the aquarium for five months, feeding the baby seahorses tiny shrimp (small shellfish) to help them grow strong. Scientist Mitchell Brennan says, “They don’t have a stomach, so they have to eat continuously.” About a month before the young seahorses were released, the scientists created eight underwater “hotels” for them. The hotels looked a little like cages (笼子), and provided a safe place for the seahorses to develop. Putting the hotels into the sea early allowed the cages to be covered with small sea life that could help provide food for the seahorses. The scientists have released seahorses into the area five times, but this time was a record. Around 380 seahorses were released. The researchers say about 90% of them survived. The researchers put tiny tags (标签) under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future. The scientists are hoping that the young seahorses will grow and reproduce in large numbers. Brett Fenton, who works for SIMS, says, “We have high expectations that we’ll see the animals do well over the next 12months.” 1. What do we know about White’s seahorses? A. They are facing threats. B. They are good swimmers. C. They are found worldwide. D. They are extinct in the world. 2. What did the scientists do to help the young seahorses survive? A. Place tiny tags under their skin. B. Cover their cages with sea grass. C. Feed tiny shrimp to them monthly. D. Prepare underwater habitats for them. 3. What made the seahorse release unique? A. The timing of the release. B. The number of seahorses released. C. The location of the release. D. The survival rate of pregnant seahorses. 4. How does Brett Fenton sound in the last paragraph? A. Curious. B. Confident. C. Confused. D. Concerned. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南濮阳·期末） We’re going to put it out there: ostriches (鸵鸟) are strange, but they are also very cool. Not only are they the largest bird on the planet, but they are also the fastest flightless birds out there. But did you also know that they also have the largest eyes of any land animal? Ostrich eyes are really big. Interestingly, analysis of ostrich eyes has showed that they look just like an owl’s (猫头鹰) eye in shape. The overall shape of an owl eye may result from the evolution (进化) of a large eye, which needs to fit into a small head and still be light enough for powerful flight. However, because they are flightless birds, ostriches are not constrained by the same weight issues, so they have developed the characteristic global shape. This may offer a lot of advantages, especially in relation to the size of the visual (视觉的) field it would offer the bird. Ostrich eyes are specially formed and the vision of each eye can enlarge to about 155°, which helps them see potential dangers. However, ostriches have a big blind spot (点) above and behind their heads which is caused by the way their eyes sit in their heads to protect them from the burning sun. Ostrich eyes can focus on things in front of their heads which is invaluable for searching for food. This visual field helps them to find small objects like leaves, seeds, and flowers on the ground. They also sometimes eat small insects so this visual field also helps them target moving insects. Yet while ostrich eyes are large and round, they are funny compared to their brain size. Still, ostriches have clearly evolved in a way that does not need them to have a large brain. If hiding doesn’t work, an ostrich can usually just outrun any problems that come its way. 1. What do we know about ostriches from the first two paragraphs? A. They are the coolest birds on the planet. B. They run the fastest among land animals. C. They share a common ancestor with owls. D. They have the same eye shape as those of the owls. 2. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “constrained” in paragraph 3? A. Proved. B. Created. C. Limited. D. Supported. 3. Why do ostriches’ eyes have a blind spot above the head? A. To focus on things in the front. B. To avoid the harm from the sun. C. To ensure a wider view. D. To allow them to see small objects. 4. How do ostriches primarily escape danger? A. By running. B. By hiding. C. By fighting bravely. D. By keeping eyes open. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） A team of researchers has uncovered an unusual thing of communication between birds. The study says that small tits (山雀) use wing gestures to communicate a polite “after you” to their mates. The findings are very important in our understanding of non-verbal communication in the animal kingdom, particularly among birds. Human communication heavily relies on gestures, such as giving a thumbs-up, waving goodbye, or pointing to pass on messages without the use of words. This way of communication was once thought to be only used by humans until observations of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) showed their ability to use body movement to express themselves non-verbally. However, the idea of symbolic gesturing, such as a human showing an open hand to signal “after you” has not been observed in non-human species until now. “In our latest discovery, we’ve found that the tits use some gestures to communicate with their mates,” said Toshitaka Suzuki, one of the researchers. These birds, which form mating pairs and build their nests in the tree, show a unique form of gestural communication. When arriving at the nest with food, a pair of birds would often stay nearby, and one would flutter its wings towards the other, signaling for its mate to enter the nest first. This wing-fluttering gesture, mainly shown by females, determines the order of nest entry, mirroring the human “after you” gesture. “We were surprised to find that the results were much clearer than we had expected. We observed that a tit fluttered its wings only in the presence of its mate, and upon seeing this behavior, the mate almost always entered the nest first,” said Suzuki. The scientists’ work not only shows the rich animal languages but offers key insights into the origins and evolution (进化) of language itself. “Language may evolve from gestural communication.” Suzuki said, “So these studies can help us understand the evolution of complex communication, including our own language.” 1. What does the underlined word “non-verbal” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Spoken. B. Written. C. Noisy. D. Silent. 2. According to Suzuki, what does the wing-flutter mean for tits? A. A threat to other species. B. An attraction for their mates. C. A signal for first nest entry. D. A casual action with no purpose. 3. What is the significance of studying animal gestures? A. Showing animals can copy human speech. B. Proving all species communicate similarly. C. Highlighting humans’ uniqueness in language. D. Aiding in understanding language evolution. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Evolution of Animal Communication. B. The Wing-fluttering Gestures of Small Tits. C. The Discovery of Symbolic Gestures in Birds. D. The Role of Gestures in Animal Communication. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南新蔡·期末） Based on bone and tooth records, mammoths（猛犸象）were thought to have gone extinct about 12,000 years ago. But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil. Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt. Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）. "Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA," says McMaster University geneticist Tyler Murchie. "We can't afford to lose whatever we can get." In the new approach, soil samples are got and then broken into smaller portions, stirred and run through a "cold spin method" to separate as much DNA as possible. The DNA is then compared against an existing genetic library to detect species matches. The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal. For known species, however, the process may yield exciting information. In their study, the researchers detected about 2,100 kinds of plants and 180 animals. Not yet published results from other field sites are yielding similar results, Murchie says, and future fossil discoveries could strengthen the case. "We can use this approach to identify species in places and times we never knew they existed," he adds. 1. Why does the author mention "mammoths" in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To show us an extinct animal. C. To correct a mistake. D. To introduce the topic of the passage. 2. Which word can best describe the work of getting rid of non-DNA material? A. Challenging. B. Interesting. C. Boring. D. Satisfying. 3. What is the disadvantage of the new method? A. It is very slow. B. It can't detect unknown animals. C. It is not very accurate. D. It can only be carried out in the genetic library. 4. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research report. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南南阳六校·期末） American companies are developing unmanned planes that are larger than drones (无人机). The goal is to help farmers and reduce risks to human safety. When Hector Xu was learning to pilot a helicopter (直升机) in college with his best friend, he remembered having a few terrible experiences while flying at night. That led him to research unmanned plane systems. Then, Xu formed Rotor Technologies in 2021 to develop unmanned helicopters. Rotor has built two unmanned helicopters that the company calls Sprayhawks. Rotor aims to have as many as 20 Sprayhawks ready for market next year. The company is also developing efficient (高效的) helicopters that would fly materials into areas struck by earthquakes. The helicopters could also be used to fight wildfires. For now, Rotor is paying attention to farming. A major attraction of automation (自动化) in farming flights is safety. Because special airplanes fly at around 240 kph and only about 3 meters off the ground, there are tens of accidents (事故) each year. The small planes hit power lines, cell towers and other planes. Older planes in disrepair and pilot tiredness play a part in accidents. In recent years, safety and cost concerns have led to a number of drones flying above farmers’ fields. But the size of the drones means they can only work over a small amount of the area that a plane or helicopter can. This is providing an opening for companies building bigger unmanned planes like Rotor. Companies like Rotor have developed their systems to work even when bad events come up. Rotor’ s helicopter, for example, has a half-dozen communication systems and, for now, a pilot in control. If the ground team can’t get in touch with the helicopter, Rotor has a system to dispose of it. The system makes sure the engine can be turned off and the helicopter can perform a controlled landing. 1. What caused Hector Xu to start his company? A. His best friend’s suffering. B. His experiences in college. C. His interest in new technologies. D. His dream to help more farmers. 2. What can we know about Rotor? A. It focuses not only on farming. B. Its main product is unmanned drones. C. Its helicopters have no pilot to control them. D. It has already put 20 Sprayhawks on the market. 3. What is the weakness of the agricultural drone? A. It covers a small range. B. It flies at low speed. C. It is not easy to control. D. It results in many accidents. 4. What does the underlined part “dispose of” in the last paragraph mean? A. Learn from. B. Depend on. C. Guard against. D. Deal with. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南三门峡·期末） With basic developments in the field of technology, some experts foresee serious risks to jobs and employability in the coming years due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). About 27% of jobs are at high risk of automation (自动化) during the artificial intelligence era. Low and middle-skilled jobs are most at risk, including construction, farming, fishing, forestry and, to a lesser extent, production and transportation. High-skilled jobs, despite being more exposed to recent progress in AI, face the least risk of automation. While the adoption of AI is still relatively low, rapid progress, falling technology costs and the increasing availability of workers with AI skills suggest that the world may be on the edge of an AI revolution (革命). So far there is little evidence of a negative employment impact on companies that adopt AI. Workers and employers say that AI can reduce boring and dangerous tasks, leading to greater employee engagement and physical safety. However, a recent survey showed that three in five workers are worried about losing their job to AI within the next decade. Additionally, a similar number of workers worry that wages would decrease due to AI. More than half of workers are concerned about privacy and three in four say that AI has increased work pace. In my opinion, for the better protection of the labour market and workers in the coming years, governments should encourage employers to provide more training, integrate (融入) AI skills into education and support diversity in the AI workforce. Besides, longer-term policy frameworks for the use of AI in the workplace should be considered and closer international cooperation should be seen to maximize the benefits while properly managing the risks. 1. Who may be most affected by automation? A. A tour guide. B. A building worker. C. A coffee producer. D. A university professor. 2. What is the workers and employer’s attitude towards the adoption of AI in the workplace according to paragraph 3? A. Worried. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. 3. What do the figures in paragraph 4 imply? A. Harmed personal privacy. B. Decreased job satisfaction. C. AI-related positions’ popularity. D. Workers’ concerns over AI. 4. What is the author’s advice in the last paragraph? A. Adopting policies to control AI’s impact. B. Limiting AI’s application in the workplace. C. Promoting cooperation between AI companies. D. Reducing AI education in colleges. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南信阳·期末） In the chaos of any airport all over the globe, a familiar yet annoying sight often unfolds. Anyone who is waiting in line, patiently waiting for their zone to be called at an airport departure gate has likely seen a scene where someone attempts to slip forward and board the plane before their group has been called. It throws the whole boarding process into disorder and delays everyone else’s journey. Last month, American Airlines became the first airline to test a new technology to help strictly punish passengers who attempt to cut the line. And now, ahead of the busiest travel day of the year, the Texas-based carrier is expanding its new technology. The technology gives gate agents a hearable signal when someone scans their ticket and tries to board early, urging that passenger to step aside and wait for their correct group to be called. In this way, order is maintained and passengers can board smoothly. American is trying to roll out this system to more than 100 airports across the nation. “We are in the early stage of testing new technology used during the boarding process, designed to make sure customers receive priority boarding with ease and help the boarding experience by providing greater visibility.” a representative of the airline told ABC News. Experts said that in addition to enforcing the rules and efficiency when boarding the plane, airlines like to reward their highest paying and frequent flyers with early boarding as an extra benefit, so they want to keep it exclusive. The technology was first tested at three U. S. airports: Albuquerque International, Tucson International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. An earlier version of this story was first published on Oct.23,2024 when the technology was first being tested. 1. What is the new technology tested by American Airlines for? A. To speed up the boarding process. B. To help passengers find their seats easily. C. To stop passengers jumping the queue during boarding. D. To offer comfortable waiting areas at the departure gate. 2. What does the technology do when someone tries to board early? A. It refuses to scan the passenger’s ticket. B. It automatically closes the boarding gate. C. It sends a message to the passenger’s phone. D. It offers a warning sound to the gate agents. 3. What do the underlined words “roll out” mean in paragraph 3? A. Blame. B. Promote. C. Praise. D. Analyze. 4. What kind of passengers can board early? A. Passengers bringing plenty of luggage. B. Passengers obeying the boarding rules strictly. C. Passengers making the boarding process smoothly. D. Passengers paying the highest fares and flying frequently. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南新乡·期末） New evidence suggests that studying Chinese and learning to write Chinese characters may train cognitive (认知) abilities, which are not developed by learning other languages and writing systems. A study conducted by researchers from the UK’s Wellcome Trust found that people who speak Chinese use both temporal lobes (颞叶) of their brain to understand the language. This is very different from English-language speakers who use only the left temporal lobe. Speakers of Chinese use intonation (语调) to tell between completely different meanings of particular words, which needs stronger cognitive abilities. Besides, the practice of handwriting, especially of Chinese characters, will aid the development of motor skills, learning shapes and letters and will keep the mind sharp. Through the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, researchers found that neural (神经的) activity in children who practiced printing letters by hand was more strengthened than those who just looked at them. Compared with English, mostly written in line and from left to right, Chinese characters have more complex in structure (复杂的结构). Their writing involves strokes (笔画) in all four directions: up, down, left, and right. The movement of the fingers and hand helps improve neural activity in the working, thinking, and memory of the brain of the learners. Evidence also suggests that there is a connection between the learning of Chinese and math skills. Researchers from New Zealand noticed that Asian children educated in their own languages appear to have gained a greater understanding of math ideas than English-speaking children. During the natural learning process of Chinese, the student is learning basic math ideas. Math skills are included in character writing because it includes skills such as counting, grouping, ordering, and identifying similarities and differences. While the research on the relationship between the learning of Chinese and cognition is not yet fully clear, there is good evidence to suggest that learning Chinese tones and characters represents an added challenge to language learning. 1. What is the text centred on? A. Why Asian children are better at math test. B. Why Chinese is a difficult language to learn. C. How learning Chinese benefits our cognition. D. How Chinese writing differs from English writing. 2. What does the study by UK’s Wellcome Trust show? A. English speakers should learn Chinese. B. Chinese has more intonations than English. C. Using Chinese needs a higher-level brain activity. D. Mastering different meanings of Chinese is difficult. 3. Why is learning Chinese beneficial to solving math problems? A. They need quite different cognitive abilities. B. Chinese writing looks like math symbols. C. Chinese children naturally do well in math. D. They share several key cognitive abilities. 4. How is the text mainly developed? A. By offering supporting findings. B. By comparing former research. C. By discussing problems and solutions. D. By listing advantages and disadvantages. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末） Educated is a memoir (回忆录) by Tara Westover, a woman who grows up as the youngest of seven in a rural Idaho Mormon community. She and her brothers were all born at home and are homeschooled, and her parents are deeply doubtful about the government. Her father fears that public education standards are just brainwashing. The story is told in three parts. Part One details her childhood. Westover describes her father’s radicalization (激进). In Part Two, Westover goes to college at BYU. She describes the culture shock of being confused about what the Holocaust (大屠杀) was. Then she has to learn about history and struggles through her first romantic relationship. Finally in Part Three, Westover goes to Cambridge for her PhD, attempts to face her family issues and brings us up to date with her life now. Educated is an attractive book on various levels. As a personal journey for Westover, it’s successful. Westover goes from receiving little education to eventually getting her PhD at Cambridge. As a story, it’s unique. Westover’s experiences make for a different viewpoint. And as a reader, it’s interesting to consider how her views are shaped. To be honest, in the beginning Educated was not on my reading list until it became a real hit. It’s highly personal and not a topic I am particularly interested in. I feel that perhaps Westover wrote this book too soon. It seems like the story we’re reading is the one she’s built on purpose to make sense of everything that happened to her. I imagine she still has a longer journey to really process it all and what it means. And, when the book concludes, things are largely unsolved with her family. However, Westover’s story of struggle has inspired a lot of readers, including me. Besides, from this book I have a better understanding that education is really an important process of self-discovery — of developing a sense of self and what you think. 1. Why are Tara and her brothers homeschooled? A. They can’t afford to go to school. B. There aren’t schools in the community. C. Their parents don’t trust the government. D. Their parents are well educated to teach them. 2. What can we know about Tara Westover from Educated? A. She has a happy childhood. B. She’s awarded her PHD at BYU. C. She once suffered culture shock. D. She has trouble getting on with others. 3. What may first cause the author to choose the book? A. It is quite enjoyed by readers. B. Its topic attracts the author. C. The story is very interesting. D. Its content is new to the author. 4. What’s the author’s attitude towards this book? A. Uncertain. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Subjective. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南郑州·期末） February is coming, and with it comes the review of those New Year’s resolutions (决定) that were so eagerly made just a few weeks ago. It’s thought that about a quarter of us make New Year’s resolutions every January, but evidence varies around how many of us actually manage to stick to them. In one set of data (数据), from the quarter of us who make New Year’s resolutions, about 35% report sticking to all of their goals, while 50% manage some of them. But what about those remaining people who fall short , and don’t carry out their resolutions? If that’s you, you’re not alone. In 2023, a separate piece of research carried out at Edith Cowan University, Australia, found that two-thirds of people surveyed gave up on their New Year’s resolutions in the first month of the year. But all is not lost, so don’t be too hard on yourself if you don’t stick to your resolutions. It is not too late if you want to start up your resolutions again as we move into February. The words we choose and the approach we take when creating our resolutions can have a significant impact on our success. Research carried out in 2023 at Stockholm University found that so-called “approach goals” were much more effective than “avoidance goals”. Approach goals, like “I will exercise three times a week to stay healthy and fit”, include achieving or keeping a good result. Avoidance goals, such as “I’ll stop eating chocolate and sweets”, try to avoid a bad result. In addition, make your resolutions specific and measurable. Goals such as “I want to get fit” are too unclear to achieve or keep up with. So look at how you presented your resolutions and have a think about how you go about acting on them -it may not be too late to try them again. How about trying for February? 1. What can replace the underlined part “fall short” in paragraph 1? A. Care nothing. B. Lose heart. C. Fail to achieve. D. Keep trying. 2. What did the 2023 Australian research show? A. New Year’s resolutions were useless. B. New Year’s resolutions varied from year to year. C. People took their New Year’s resolutions lightly. D. Most people didn’t keep their New Year’s resolutions. 3. Which of the following resolutions is achievable? A. I’ll read a book a month. B. I’ll quit drinking. C. I’ll stop using social media. D. I’ll not stay up for ever. 4. What is a suitable title for this text? A. A New February? B. Never Too Late to Start Over? C. Say No to New Year’s Resolutions? D. New Year’s Resolutions, Same You? 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·河南周口·期末） Fish farming is a form of aquaculture (水产养殖), in which fish are raised in pools to be sold as food. They take up over half of the world’s fish supply and are key for meeting the needs of an ever-growing human population. However, fish farms now face a big challenge. The uneaten food and waste made by the thousands of sea animals limited to small spaces often build up to harmful levels. Every year, a large number of fish die because of sicknesses. Besides, the phosphorous and nitrogen that come out from the waste can cause algae (藻类) to grow a lot. These algae take up the O2 in the water. This makes it hard for the fish to breathe and they can die. Right now, fish farms fix these problems by using recirculating (再循环) systems. These systems clean the water and deal with the waste. But it costs a lot to put them in and they are hard to keep in good working order. Now, some fish farms are turning to sea cucumbers (海参) for help. The bottom-animals are often called the ocean’s “cleaners”. They feed on very tiny animals, algae, and the waste on the seabed. Even better, the sand they take in will come out again in the form of CaCO3, which helps support the growth of coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Sea cucumbers are considered a delicious food in some parts of the world. Once their numbers grow, they could also bring an extra income source for fish farms. Adding sea cucumbers to fish farms is part of a bigger plan to make them into balanced and good-for-long-time ecosystems (生态系统). Experts believe it can be achieved if we grow many different kinds of ocean animals from different parts of the food chain. “We’re trying to mimic natural environments,” says ocean researcher Chris Pearce. “So in such environments, the ocean animals are just doing what they do naturally out in the wild. But when we put them together with other kinds of animals, they are helping the ecosystem.” 1. What is the main problem that fish farms face? A. Unexplained death of fish. B. High cost of fish food. C. Waste management. D. Strong competition. 2. Why are sea cucumbers introduced by some fish farms? A. They take in CaCO3. B. They do good to the algae. C. They serve as food for fish. D. They deal with waste on the seabed. 3. What does the underlined word “mimic” in the last paragraph mean? A. Copy. B. Explore. C. Protect. D. Clean. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Balanced Ecosystems Are Out of Reach B. Recirculating Systems Bring New Hope for Fish Farms C. The World’s Fish Supply Is Facing Greater Challenges D. Sea Cucumbers Help with Fish Farms’ Waste Treatment Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末） Cutting calorie intake can lead to a thinner body and a longer life, which results from the weight loss and metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes caused by eating less food. Now, one of the biggest studies of dietary limits challenges the traditional idea about how dietary limits promote living longer. To test this, an experiment involving nearly 1,000 mice was carried out. The mice were fed low-calorie diets or used to regular practices of not eating. The findings showed that such practices did cause weight loss and related metabolic changes. But other factors — including immune health, and genetics — seem to better explain the link between cutting calories and increased lifespan (寿命). Scientists have long known that calorie restriction, a way of long-term limits on food intake, lengthens lifespan in laboratory animals. Some studies have shown that intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食), which involves short periods of not having food, can also increase lifespan. To learn more about how such diets work, the researchers monitored the health and lifespan of 960 mice, which were all different from each other, just like people. Some mice were placed on calorie-limited diets, another group followed intermittent fasting methods, and others were allowed to eat freely. The study showed cutting calories by 40% produced the longest lifespan, but intermittent fasting and less strict calorie limits also increased average lifespan. The dieting mice also displayed favourable metabolic changes, such as decline in body fat and blood sugar levels. However, the effects of dietary limits on metabolism and lifespan didn’t always change at the same time. To the authors’ surprise, the mice that lost the most weight on a calorie-limited diet tended to die younger than animals that lost relatively smaller amounts. This suggests that there are other things happening in our bodies when we eat less that we aren’t aware of yet. The findings could reshape how scientists think about studies of dietary limits in humans. In a very detailed study about a low-calorie diet for healthy people who aren’t overweight, scientists discovered that it could slow down the rate at which their bodies consumed energy. This short-term effect is believed to lead to more lasting advantages for their overall lifespan. The mouse data from Churchill’s team suggest energy measurements might show how healthy we are while we’re alive—but more ways are needed to know whether such “anti-ageing” strategies can truly lengthen life. 1. What was the main goal of the experiment involving nearly 1,000 mice? A. To observe food effects on weight loss. B. To test the truth of the traditional idea. C. To find out if immune health lengthens life. D. To compare life length of genetically different mice. 2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The result of the experiment. B. The effect of the experiment. C. The method of the experiment. D. The process of the experiment. 3. What unexpected result did the study show about the mice in the study? A. Steady weight loss was best for lifespan. B. Weight loss had no effect on their lifespan. C. The more weight they lost, the longer they lived. D. Losing weight most didn’t ensure the longest lifespan. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. We need to do more to find the exact answer. B. Low-calorie diets are sure to lengthen lifespan. C. Metabolic effects of diets are fully understood. D. Energy measurements are useless in predicting lifespan. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·河南新蔡·期末） Wild African elephants may break sleep records for mammals (哺乳动物). New data show that they seem to survive on about two hours of shut-eye a night. Much of that sleeping took place while they were standing up. The animals lie down to sleep only once every three to four nights. Trying to figure out how much wild elephants sleep just by watching them 24 hours a day is tricky, especially in the dark. Much of what scientists had known about sleeping elephants came from animals living in zoos, notes Paul Manger, who is a brain researcher at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. In zoos, elephants have been recorded sleeping from about three hours to nearly seven during a 24-hour period. Using electronic monitors on African elephants in the wild, however, has turned up more extreme behavior. Manger’s team implanted (植入) activity monitors in the trunks (象鼻) of two elephants. Both were female leaders of their herds in the Chobe National Park. Trunks, like human hands, are important for exploring the world. Elephants hardly keep them still — unless sleeping. The researchers thought that a trunk monitor that didn’t move for at least five minutes likely meant its host was asleep. The monitors tracked the animals over about a month. During that time, the elephants averaged just two hours of sleep a day. What’s more, the elephants were able to skip a night’s sleep without needing extra rest the next day. Those trunk implants showed there were times when the elephants went up to 46 hours without any sleep. There has been some thought that animals need sleep to store memories properly. But that can’t explain animals, like the elephants, which skip sleep for a night without needing catch-up rest later. “Elephants are usually not considered to be forgetful animals,” Manger observes. In fact, he notes, studies have found that they can have long memories. 1. How did the African elephants typically sleep according to the new study? A. They stood up. B. They walked around. C. They grouped. D. They kept eyes open. 2. Why did Manger’s team implant the trunk monitors? A. To test a new tracker. B. To help elephants fall asleep. C. To train wild animals. D. To study elephants’ sleep. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People always think elephants are forgetful animals. B. A good night’s sleep benefits all the wildlife’s brains. C. Little sleep doesn’t affect the memory of elephants. D. Scientists can’t understand why sleep makes sense. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Tips on watching wildlife. B. Wild elephants’ sleep habit. C. Efforts to protect wild elephants. D. National nature reserves in Africa. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·河南许昌·期末） Last week, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres coined a new term. The time of global warming has ended, he announced, and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. You can see why he said it. July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef, off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, “global boiling” is clearly an overstatement, but “global warming” is now far too weak a description. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t received enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis, nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and act — now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to describe this? Possibly. Take the challenge yourself: can you think up a brief, correct phrase to cover worsening local- and regional-scale (区域级的) droughts, fires, typhoons and floods; damage to crops and food safety; water shortages; existential threats to coral reefs and low-lying communities? You can see how hard it is. 1. What made Guterres use the phrase “global boiling”? A. The reviews from critics. B. The new scientific findings. C. The present serious situation. D. The future course of climate change. 2. Why did such phrases as “climate crisis” fail to attract our attention? A. None of these phrases reflect the truth. B. Fewer crises have happened in recent years. C. Many phrases haven’t been mentioned publicly. D. Certain climate disasters haven’t happened to us. 3. What does the author try to say by using “But that is changing”? A. But climate crises are worsening. B. But several crises will be solved. C. But people will face food shortages. D. But people are taking effective measures. 4. What does the author think of Guterres’ saying “global boiling”? A. It is beyond reality. B. It is just to scare people. C. It is reasonably acceptable. D. It is just to comfort the public / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $