专题16 定语从句（复习讲义）（广东小高考专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题16 定语从句 目录 一、 考试要求 2 二、 命题分析 2 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：关系代词的用法 4 考点二：关系副词的用法 5 考点三：关系代词作介词宾语 5 考点四：限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 6 考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 7 考点六：when与where引导的定语从句 8 实战精练与提升 9 一、 单句语法填空 9 二、 句子翻译 10 1、 考试要求 定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。 二、命题分析 考点 考查时间 考查内容 考情分析 that/which 2025年 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 分析五年高考真题可知，定语从句主要考查： 1. 定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别，这是高频考点。 2. 定语从句关系why的用法。 which 2024年 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 which 2022年 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语 why 2021年 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作原因状语 从上述表格来看，定语从句的直接考查频次很高，考查形式也灵活，注重先行词与从句成分的逻辑关联，同时融入真实语篇语境，备考时需强化“先分析先行词、再判断从句成分”的解题思路，结合语篇理解精准选择关系词。 解题策略 1．确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。 ① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ② 先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。 ① 缺少主语：that/which/who； ② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③ 缺少定语：whose； ④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 · 考点一：关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作成分 示例 人 who 主语（不可省略） The man who is speaking is my father.（正在说话的男人是我爸爸。） whom 宾语（可省略） The girl whom I met yesterday is Lucy.（我昨天遇见的女孩是露西。） that 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The boy that helped me is Tom.（帮我的男孩是汤姆。） whose 定语（表 “…… 的”） I know a boy whose mother is a doctor.（我认识一个男孩，他的妈妈是医生。） 物 which 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The book which I bought is interesting.（我买的书很有趣。） that 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The bike that he rides is new.（他骑的自行车是新的。） whose 定语（表 “…… 的”） The house whose window is broken is mine.（窗户破了的房子是我的。） 例1The visitor passport was missing was on his way from London to Beijing. 例2The person made mistakes can learn more from them. (用适当的词填空) 【变式训练1·变载体】 Other factors might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social anxiety disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 【变式训练2·变情景】More than 300 participants were from international organizations, research institutes, universities and enterprises came together at the 6th International Agricultural Research Conference in Beijing on December 15,2022 to exchange ideas on how to make a contribution to global food security, calling for more international cooperation in agriculture. · 考点二：关系副词的用法 关系副词 类型 从句中成分 介词 + which 示例 when 时间（day/year 等） 时间状语 in/on/at + which I remember the day when we met. = I remember the day on which we met.（我记得我们相遇的那天。） where 地点（place/room 等） 地点状语 in/on/at + which This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.（这是我上学的学校。） why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for + which Do you know the reason why he left? = Do you know the reason for which he left?（你知道他离开的原因吗？） 例1The heart-warming story began last September a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son. 例2There are cases children develop the disease at an early age.​ 【变式训练1·变载体】Hotpot, a typical Chinese dish, has taken centre stage in London, described as an “adventure” locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences. 【变式训练2·变情景】He regretted the day _________ he wasted in the woods and _________ he should have studied. · 考点三：关系代词作介词宾语 一、关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) 二、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) 三、关系代词前介词的确定 (1)根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. (2)根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3)根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 例1The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. 例2The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. 【变式训练1·变载体】 China has a lot of rivers, the second longest is the Yellow River. (介词+关系代词) 【变式训练2·变情景】The ancient castle, kings and queens once lived, now serves as a museum. (介词+关系代词) · 考点四：限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 This is one of the best novels that were published last year. This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 例1To be honest, Tibet is the most unforgettable place I have ever been to. 例2Don’t miss the very visual feast challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 【变式训练1·变载体】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【变式训练2·变情景】When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. · 考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，表示“正如、就像”，从句中多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。as作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。 They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。 【易错提醒1】the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） 【易错提醒2】so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 2. which引导代指主句的用法 which从句只能位于主句之后，当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。 3.位置对比: 例1. As is often the case, he is late again.他又迟到了，这是常见的情况。 例2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。 例3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。 例4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。 4.意义对比：as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中： as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”； as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”； as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”； as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”； as has been said before “如上所述”； as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”； which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。 He opposed the idea, as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。 Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。 例1 However difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected. 例2The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 【变式训练1·变载体】Never had they tasted such peculiar flavor before__________ was unique to this remote mountain village, __________ingredients were simple but quite rare. · 考点六：when与where引导的定语从句 一、关系副词when的用法 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。 2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。 3. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when 易错提醒： 1.当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。 2. 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 二、关系副词where的用法 1. where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。 例：The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 这种形状创造了一个完美的市场，货物可以利用河流作为高速公路进行运输和接收。 2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 例：Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 3. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 例1.Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 例2.Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 例1 “These aren’t just shopping spaces; they’re social spots______ people naturally connect over running,” says another industry insider based in Stockholm. 例2There was a time people used letters to keep in touch instead of phones. 【变式训练1·变情景】The heart-warming story began last September a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son. 【变式训练2·变载体】There are occasions you need to keep silent rather than argue. ​ 1、 单句语法填空 1．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 2．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 3．Later, artemisinin was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 4．A very different film composer is Tan Dun, has a classical music background, unlike many film composers. 5．The house, was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble stairs. 6．It was not easy to recruit 30 boys parents were willing to part with their sons for fifteen years. 7．The skill of the job, which is done today by Karo Jedrzejczyk, is in perfecting sound effects for subjects such as wildlife to the point the audience believes they are natural. 8．That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. 9．This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns. 10．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 二、句子翻译 1. 他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。 He didn’t tell me the reason . 2. 我非常感激M. Smith，没有他的帮忙我就不可能取得这么大的进步。 I am very grateful to Mr. Smith, I couldn’t have made so much progress. 3.李老师讲的你都记下来了吗? Have you taken down everything ? 4. 我不喜欢你做事的方式。 I don’t like the way . 5. 常言道，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。（as引导定语从句） , all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 6. 正如你在照片中看到的那样，许多学生骑自行车去上学。 , many students are riding bikes to school. 7. 他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 The reason was that he didn’t study hard. 8. 我们要开个班会，它的主题与中国传统习俗有关。 We are going to hold a class meeting, is related to Chinese traditional customs. 9. 我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。 The time was a very difficult period of my life. 10. 他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 11．正如一位研究人员说到的，“欣赏自己国家的文化遗产对于了解自己是很重要的。”（as引导的非限定性定语从句） 12．对于那些爱好美食的人来说，成都是一个不容错过的城市。 13．乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示出来的精神力量使他脱颖而出。 14．我选择学习中国历史的原因是很多历史故事开阔我的视野。 15．我妈妈昨天给我做了一顿美味的饭，这使我很开心。 16．众所周知，定期锻炼身体对我们的健康有好处。（as非限制性定语从句） 17．我能想到这样一个场景，一个小小的善举变成了美好的回忆。（occasion） 18．我参加了水果采摘(fruit-picking)活动，这给我留下了深刻印象。 19．我想念那些在困难时期帮助过我的朋友。 20．我们将举办一场为期一周的国际文化交流展。 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题16 定语从句 目录 一、 考试要求 2 二、 命题分析 2 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 3 考点一：关系代词的用法 3 考点二：关系副词的用法 5 考点三：关系代词作介词宾语 6 考点四：限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 8 考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 9 考点六：when与where引导的定语从句 11 实战精练与提升 12 一、 单句语法填空 12 二、 句子翻译 14 1、 考试要求 定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。 二、命题分析 考点 考查时间 考查内容 考情分析 that/which 2025年 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 分析五年高考真题可知，定语从句主要考查： 1. 定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别，这是高频考点。 2. 定语从句关系why的用法。 which 2024年 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 which 2022年 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语 why 2021年 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作原因状语 从上述表格来看，定语从句的直接考查频次很高，考查形式也灵活，注重先行词与从句成分的逻辑关联，同时融入真实语篇语境，备考时需强化“先分析先行词、再判断从句成分”的解题思路，结合语篇理解精准选择关系词。 解题策略 1．确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。 ① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ② 先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。 ① 缺少主语：that/which/who； ② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③ 缺少定语：whose； ④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 · 考点一：关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中作成分 示例 人 who 主语（不可省略） The man who is speaking is my father.（正在说话的男人是我爸爸。） whom 宾语（可省略） The girl whom I met yesterday is Lucy.（我昨天遇见的女孩是露西。） that 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The boy that helped me is Tom.（帮我的男孩是汤姆。） whose 定语（表 “…… 的”） I know a boy whose mother is a doctor.（我认识一个男孩，他的妈妈是医生。） 物 which 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The book which I bought is interesting.（我买的书很有趣。） that 主语 / 宾语（宾语可省略） The bike that he rides is new.（他骑的自行车是新的。） whose 定语（表 “…… 的”） The house whose window is broken is mine.（窗户破了的房子是我的。） 例1The visitor passport was missing was on his way from London to Beijing. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：护照丢失的游客正从伦敦前往北京。此处空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词visitor，且在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 例2The person made mistakes can learn more from them. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：犯错误的人能从错误中学到更多。先行词是the person，指人，在定语从句made mistakes中作主语，所以可用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 【变式训练1·变载体】 Other factors might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social anxiety disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：其他可能使人们更难交朋友的因素包括患有社交焦虑症、喜欢独处或不知道去哪里寻找新朋友。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词factors，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【变式训练2·变情景】More than 300 participants were from international organizations, research institutes, universities and enterprises came together at the 6th International Agricultural Research Conference in Beijing on December 15,2022 to exchange ideas on how to make a contribution to global food security, calling for more international cooperation in agriculture. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：2022年12月15日，来自国际组织、研究机构、大学和企业的300多名代表齐聚北京，就如何为全球粮食安全做出贡献交换意见，呼吁加强农业领域的国际合作。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词participants。先行词在从句中作主语，指人，因此可使用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。 · 考点二：关系副词的用法 关系副词 类型 从句中成分 介词 + which 示例 when 时间（day/year 等） 时间状语 in/on/at + which I remember the day when we met. = I remember the day on which we met.（我记得我们相遇的那天。） where 地点（place/room 等） 地点状语 in/on/at + which This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied.（这是我上学的学校。） why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for + which Do you know the reason why he left? = Do you know the reason for which he left?（你知道他离开的原因吗？） 例1The heart-warming story began last September a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个暖心的故事始于去年九月，当时一位女士请求她所在社区的小学接受她六岁的儿子。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词last September，且在从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 例2There are cases children develop the disease at an early age.​ 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有一些孩子在很小的时候就患上这种疾病的情况。“children develop the disease at an early age”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cases，先行词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这样的情况中”，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 【变式训练1·变载体】Hotpot, a typical Chinese dish, has taken centre stage in London, described as an “adventure” locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences. 【答案】where 【解析】考查关系副词。句意：火锅，一道典型的中国菜，在伦敦占据了中心舞台，被描述为当地人可以享受正宗四川菜和陌生文化体验的“冒险”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，且在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【变式训练2·变情景】He regretted the day _________ he wasted in the woods and _________ he should have studied. 【答案】that; when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他后悔在树林里浪费了一天，后悔本该学习的那一天。分析句子可知，分析第一个空：“he wasted in the woods”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个定语从句中，“wasted”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而关系代词“that”可以在定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词“the day”，即“he wasted the day in the woods”。关系副词“when”在定语从句中作时间状语，这里从句不缺少时间状语，所以不能用“when”，因此第一个空应填“that”。分析第二个空：“he should have studied”也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个从句中，“studied”是不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，但缺少时间状语，表示“在那天他本应该学习”，关系副词“when”可以在定语从句中作时间状语，所以第二个空应填“when”。 · 考点三：关系代词作介词宾语 一、关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) 二、“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) 三、关系代词前介词的确定 (1)根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. (2)根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3)根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 例1The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在实验室对这些病毒做了大量的研究，大多数的病毒极其危险。此处引导定语从句，先行词为viruses，指物，定语从句中缺少of的宾语，故应用which引导定语从句，故填which。 例2The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：句意： 春节是所有中国人团聚的独特时刻，为了这个时刻，人们会不远千里返回家乡。先行词为occasion，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为which，表示“为了这一时刻”，介词为for。故填for which。 【变式训练1·变载体】 China has a lot of rivers, the second longest is the Yellow River. (介词+关系代词) 【答案】of which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国有很多河流，其中第二长的是黄河。the second longest of the rivers表示“这些河流中第二长的”。本空引导定语从句，先行词是rivers，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用“介词of+关系代词which”引导。故填of which。 【变式训练2·变情景】The ancient castle, kings and queens once lived, now serves as a museum. (介词+关系代词) 【答案】in which 【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：这座古老的城堡曾是国王和王后们的居住之所，如今已变成了一个博物馆。根据题目要求“介词+关系代词”以及句子结构分析可知，此句为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是The ancient castle，指物，表示“居住在……”为live in，介词in提到从句句首，关系代词指代先行词作in宾语，关系代词用which。故填in which。 · 考点四：限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 This is one of the best novels that were published last year. This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 例1To be honest, Tibet is the most unforgettable place I have ever been to. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：老实说，西藏是我去过的最难忘的地方。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为place， 被形容词最高级the most unforgettable修饰，且在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 例2Don’t miss the very visual feast challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：不要错过这场挑战人们对动画电影固定印象的视觉盛宴。此处引导限制性定语从句修饰visual feast，且在从句中作主语，先行词被the only,the very修饰时用that，故用that。 【变式训练1·变载体】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】 that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【变式训练2·变情景】When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】 that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 · 考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，表示“正如、就像”，从句中多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。as作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。 They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。 【易错提醒1】the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） 【易错提醒2】so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 2. which引导代指主句的用法 which从句只能位于主句之后，当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。 3.位置对比: 例1. As is often the case, he is late again.他又迟到了，这是常见的情况。 例2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。 例3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。 例4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。 4.意义对比：as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中： as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”； as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”； as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”； as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”； as has been said before “如上所述”； as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”； which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。 He opposed the idea, as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。 Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。 例1 However difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无论任务有多难，我们必须按时完成，因为我们再也不能遇到我们能想象的如此宝贵的机会了。such...as是固定搭配，先行词opportunity在定语从句中作宾语。故填as。 例2The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如报道的那样，烟民的数量已经在一年内减少了17%。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，且要表达“正如”之意，应用as引导。故填as。 【变式训练1·变载体】Never had they tasted such peculiar flavor before__________ was unique to this remote mountain village, __________ingredients were simple but quite rare. 【答案】as; whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们从来没有尝过这样独特的味道，这是这个偏远山村所独有的，其食材简单却罕见。分析句子可知，空一引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词由such修饰，用关系代词as，空二引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故选as; whose。 · 考点六：when与where引导的定语从句 一、关系副词when的用法 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。 2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。 3. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when 易错提醒： 1.当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。 2. 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 二、关系副词where的用法 1. where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。 例：The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 这种形状创造了一个完美的市场，货物可以利用河流作为高速公路进行运输和接收。 2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 例：Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 3. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 例1.Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 例2.Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 例1 “These aren’t just shopping spaces; they’re social spots______ people naturally connect over running,” says another industry insider based in Stockholm. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“这些不仅仅是购物空间；它们是人们自然而然地通过跑步建立联系的社交场所，”另一位总部位于斯德哥尔摩的行业内部人士表示。空处引导定语从句，先行词spots，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 例2There was a time people used letters to keep in touch instead of phones. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：曾经有一段时间，人们用信件而不是电话保持联系。先行词是a time，在定语从句people used letters to keep in touch instead of phones中作时间状语，即“在那个时候人们用信件而不是电话保持联系”，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 【变式训练1·变情景】The heart-warming story began last September a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个暖心的故事始于去年九月，当时一位女士请求她所在社区的小学接受她六岁的儿子。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词last September，且在从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 【变式训练2·变载体】There are occasions you need to keep silent rather than argue. ​ 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有些场合你需要保持沉默而不是争论。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是occasions，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 1、 单句语法填空 1．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 【答案】where 【解析】考查连词。句意：在文化交流日益频繁的全球化背景下，保护地方传统面临着前所未有的独特挑战。先行词为the context of globalization，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 2．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：外面下雨的时候，我们没什么事可做。空处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词much，关系词在从句中作宾语，只能用that引导，故填that。 3．Later, artemisinin was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来，青蒿素被用于治疗疟疾患者，其中大多数患者都康复了。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句，对先行词patients进行限定说明，先行词指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，空格处应该用关系代词whom。故填whom。 4．A very different film composer is Tan Dun, has a classical music background, unlike many film composers. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：谭盾是一个非常不同的电影作曲家，他有古典音乐背景，与许多电影作曲家不同。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tan Dun，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。 5．The house, was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble stairs. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座房子于1856年竣工，因其巨大的大理石楼梯而闻名。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词The house指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故应用which。故填which。 6．It was not easy to recruit 30 boys parents were willing to part with their sons for fifteen years. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：要招募到30名家长愿意将孩子暂时交给自己监护达15年之久的男孩并非易事。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰boys，先行词boys指人，且与从句中的parents为所属关系，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 7．The skill of the job, which is done today by Karo Jedrzejczyk, is in perfecting sound effects for subjects such as wildlife to the point the audience believes they are natural. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这项工作目前由卡罗·杰德热齐克负责完成，其职责在于精心制作诸如野生动物等主题的音效，直至让观众感觉这些音效是自然发生的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，表示抽象的地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。故填where。 8．That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种自主选择的权利是越来越多的人喜欢独自用餐的一个原因。曾经，人们可能会觉得向服务员提出要一张单人桌会有些尴尬，但那样的日子已经一去不复返了。如今，我们有了智能手机，在用餐时它们会陪伴我们左右。先行词是time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 9．This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种布局在随后的几个世纪中迅速发展并得到广泛应用，成为中国传统城市规划最典型的方法，这种方法通常被认为是城镇的方形设计。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the most typical approach，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。故填which。 10．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 二、句子翻译 1. 他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。 He didn’t tell me the reason . 【答案】why he was so upset 【解析】考查定语从句，时态，形容词和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“他为什么那样心烦意乱”，用why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，“心烦意乱的”是upset，“那样”用so，由didn’t可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，其后be动词用was，因此空格处是why he was so upset。故填why he was so upset。 2. 我非常感激M. Smith，没有他的帮忙我就不可能取得这么大的进步。 I am very grateful to Mr. Smith, I couldn’t have made so much progress. 【答案】without whose help 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“没有他的帮忙”，“没有”是without，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是Mr. Smith，“帮忙”是help，Mr. Smith和help之间是所属关系，由此用whose表所属，由此空格处是without whose help，故填without，whose，help。 3. 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗? Have you taken down everything ? 【答案】that Mr. Li said 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处可使用定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词只能使用that在从句中作宾语，“讲”可使用动词say，根据语境可知，从句可使用一般过去时。故填that Mr. Li said。 4. 我不喜欢你做事的方式。 I don’t like the way . 【答案】(that/in which) you behave 【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“你做事的”，“做事”是behave，主语是you，behave用原形，way后用that/in which引导定语从句，或省略that/in which，因此空格处是(that/in which) you behave。故填(that/in which) you behave。 5. 常言道，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。（as引导定语从句） , all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 【答案】As the old saying goes 【解析】考查固定句型和定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“常言道”，是固定句型as the old saying goes，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，故填As the old saying goes。 6. 正如你在照片中看到的那样，许多学生骑自行车去上学。 　 , many students are riding bikes to school. 【答案】As you can see in the picture 【解析】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，表示“正如你在照片中看到的那样”用as you can see in the picture，该句中使用as引导非限制性定语从句，引导词as意为“正如”；同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填As you can see in the picture。 7. 他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 The reason was that he didn’t study hard. 【答案】why/for which he failed in the exam 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句考查定语从句，根据句意可知，本句时态应用一般过去时，The reason为先行词，“他考试失败”he failed in the exam为定语从句 ，从句中缺少状语，所以应用why或者for which来引导定语从句，所以空格处应填why/for which he failed in the exam。故填why/for which he failed in the exam。 8. 我们要开个班会，它的主题与中国传统习俗有关。 We are going to hold a class meeting, is related to Chinese traditional customs. 【答案】whose topic 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“它的主题”，“主题”是topic，用定语从句来限定meeting，meeting和topic之间是所属关系，因此用关系代词whose表所属，因此空格处是whose topic。故填whose topic。 9. 我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。 The time was a very difficult period of my life. 【答案】when I first met Mr. White 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“我第一次遇见怀特先生时”，用定语从句，“第一次”是first，“遇见”是meet，由was可知，句子时态是一般过去时，meet用过去式，“怀特先生”是Mr. White，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词time是时间，在定语从句中，做时间状语，因此用when引导定语从句，因此空格处是when I first met Mr. White。故填when I first met Mr. White。 10. 他们应该重植沿河岸的本土树木，在那些地方，表层土壤正在快速地流失。 They should replant indigenous trees along river banks the top soil is 【答案】where being washed away 【解析】考查定语从句和时态语态。第一空定语从句修饰先行词banks，从句缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导；第二空表示“流失”应用wash away，与主语构成被动关系，且表示正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态，故填①where；②being washed away。 11．正如一位研究人员说到的，“欣赏自己国家的文化遗产对于了解自己是很重要的。”（as引导的非限定性定语从句） 【答案】As a researcher said, “Appreciating the cultural heritage of one’s own country is important for knowing oneself.” 【解析】考查定语从句、时态和动名词。表示“正如”用as，引导非限定性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，在从句中作宾语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“一位研究人员”用a researcher；表示“说到”用say，句子陈述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态，此处用其过去式said；表示“欣赏”用appreciate，此处用其动名词appreciating作主语；表示“自己国家的文化遗产”用the cultural heritage of one’s own country；表示“对于……是很重要的”用be important for，此处讲述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，be动词用is；表示“了解自己”用know oneself，此处需要动名词作宾语。故翻译为As a researcher said, “Appreciating the cultural heritage of one’s own country is important for knowing oneself.” 12．对于那些爱好美食的人来说，成都是一个不容错过的城市。 【答案】For those who love delicious food, Chengdu is a city that can not be missed. 【解析】考查定语从句。“对于”用介词for表示；“那些人”用those表示；“爱好美食的人”用定语从句who love delicious food修饰先行词those；“成都是……的城市”翻译为Chengdu is a city，后面用定语从句，修饰先行词city，“一个不容错过的城市”用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词city，翻译that can not be missed。故整句翻译为For those who love delicious food, Chengdu is a city that can not be missed. 13．乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示出来的精神力量使他脱颖而出。 【答案】Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 【解析】考查动词、名词、形容词和定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句可翻译为but连接的并列句。前一分句中，“乔丹的球技”可翻译为Jordan’s skills，作主语；“令人赞叹”可翻译为impressive，为形容词作表语。后一分句中，“精神力量”可翻译为the mental strength，作主语，“他所展示的”修饰the mental strength，应用that引导定语从句，“展示”可翻译为show，为及物动词；“使他与众不同”可用“make+宾语+宾补”结构，其中宾语为him，宾补为unique，是形容词。本句陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故翻译为Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. 14．我选择学习中国历史的原因是很多历史故事开阔我的视野。 【答案】The reason why I choose to learn Chinese history is that many historical stories broaden my horizon. 【解析】考查定语从句、表语从句和时态。表示“……的原因”用 the reason why...，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason；从句的主语为I，表示“选择学习中国历史”用choose to learn Chinese history，choose为从句的谓语动词。结合句意，该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；表示“是”用is，系动词；表示“很多历史故事开阔我的视野”用that many historical stories broaden my horizon，此处that引导表语从句，其中表示“很多历史故事”用many historical stories，作主语；表示“开阔视野”用broaden one’s horizon，主语为复数，且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，所以谓语用broaden，表示“我的”用my。故翻译为The reason why I choose to learn Chinese history is that many historical stories broaden my horizon. 15．我妈妈昨天给我做了一顿美味的饭，这使我很开心。 【答案】My mother cooked a delicious meal for me yesterday, which made me very happy. 【解析】考查短语和定语从句。主句主语为my mother；表示“为某人做了一顿美味的饭”可用cook a delicious meal for sb.；表示“昨天”用yesterday；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导；表示“使某人高兴”为make sb. very happy。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为My mother cooked a delicious meal for me yesterday, which made me very happy. 16．众所周知，定期锻炼身体对我们的健康有好处。（as非限制性定语从句） 【答案】As we all know, taking regular exercise is beneficial to our physical health. 【解析】考查形容词、名词和非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时，表示客观情况。表示“众所周知”可用as we all know，为固定结构，as在这里引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容；表示“定期锻炼身体”应用taking regular exercise，动名词作主语；表示“有益于”应用 is beneficial to ，为形容词短语；表示“我们的身体健康”应用our physical health，作介词后宾语。故翻译为As we all know, taking regular exercise is beneficial to our physical health. 17．我能想到这样一个场景，一个小小的善举变成了美好的回忆。（occasion） 【答案】I can think of/ recall the/ an occasion when a small act of kindness turned into/ became a great memory. 【解析】考查定语从句和名词。根据句意，表示“我”为I作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“能想到”为can think of或can recall，是谓语动词短语；表示“这样一个场景”可译为the/an occasion，作宾语，其中occasion表示“场合，时刻”；表示“一个小小的善举变成了美好的回忆”作定语修饰occasion，可使用定语从句，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故使用关系副词when引导；从句中“一个小小的善举”为a small act of kindness作主语，“变成了”为过去的动作，所以使用一般过去时，谓语动词为turned into或became，“美好的回忆”为a great memory作宾语。故翻译为I can think of/recall the/an occasion when a small act of kindness turned into/became a great memory. 18．我参加了水果采摘(fruit-picking)活动，这给我留下了深刻印象。 【答案】I participated in/took part in the fruit-picking activity, which left a deep impression on me. /and it left a deep impression on me. 【解析】考查动词短语、时态和定语从句或并列句。主语“我”用人称代词I，谓语“参加”可以用动词短语participate in或者take part in，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态participated in/took part in，宾语“水果采摘活动”用fruit-picking activity；后半句“这给我留下了深刻印象”可以处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句which left a deep impression on me来修饰前半句提到的活动，也可以处理为and连接的并列句and it left a deep impression on me。综上，全句译为：I participated in/took part in the fruit-picking activity, which left a deep impression on me. /and it left a deep impression on me. 19．我想念那些在困难时期帮助过我的朋友。 【答案】I miss the friends who gave me a hand in the difficult times. 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。主句陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语“我”是I，表示“想念”用miss；主语是I，谓语动词使用原形形式，后接宾语“那些朋友”the friends；“在困难时期帮助过我的”可处理为定语从句，修饰先行词friends，“帮助某人”是固定短语give sb. a hand，从句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，表示“帮助我”用gave me a hand ；表示“在困难时期”用in the difficult times；先行词friends指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词用who。故翻译为I miss the friends who gave me a hand in the difficult times. 20． 我们将举办一场为期一周的国际文化交流展。 【答案】We’re going to host an international cultural exchange exhibition, which will last for one week. 【解析】考查固定短语，时态和定语从句。“我们将要做某事”是we are going to do sth，表示将来，“举办”是host，“一场国际文化交流展”是an international cultural exchange exhibition，“为期一周的”用which引导的非限制性定语从句，表将来，时态用一般将来时，“为期”就是“持续”，用last，“一周”是for one week。故答案为We’re going to host an international cultural exchange exhibition, which will last for one week. 7 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $