单元测评23 Unit 5 Revealing nature（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

单元测评23　Unit 5　Revealing nature (时间：30分钟　　满分：35分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·四川名校联盟联考) Take care of your plants! They may “scream” if you treat them badly.Although this is an exaggeration, plants can make sounds when they are stressed, according to a recent paper published in Cell.“Plants interact with insects and other animals all the time, and many of these organisms use sound for communication, so it would be very suboptimal for plants not to use sound at all，” Lilach Hadany, co­author of the study, told Science Focus. With this in mind, the research team started by recording plants' sounds.They placed tobacco and tomato plants in soundproof boxes to shut off the noise in the environment.Several ultrasonic microphones were then put near the plants, which can record at frequencies between 20 and 250 kilohertz.The maximum frequency that a human adult's ear can hear is about 16 kilohertz. There were three groups of plants: One group wasn't watered for five days, another group had the stems cut off and the last group was untouched.The microphones caught sounds at a frequency of 40 to 80 kilohertz from the first two groups.The sound, which was similar to the noise of popcorn popping when “translated” into a frequency humans can hear, grew louder and louder during the five days of water stress.They then began to decline as the plants dried out.The researchers found that a stressed plant produced the popping sound around 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only produced around once per hour, according to the study. The researchers haven't yet discovered how the sounds are made.One theory is that they could be made during cavitation (气穴现象), which is a process of an air bubble in the plant collapsing under some kind of pressure.After the experiment, the team gathered the data on stressed plants and then made machine­learning software that could tell how plants “feel”．It could differentiate between unstressed plants, thirsty plants and cut plants, which can be useful for farmers in monitoring the conditions of their crops. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于植物在受到压力时会发出声音的研究发现。 1．What does the underlined word “suboptimal” mean in the first paragraph? A．Unfavorable. B．Accessible. C．Reasonable. D．Doubtful. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文“Plants interact with insects and other animals all the time, and many of these organisms use sound for communication”可知，植物一直与其他动物相互作用，而其中许多生物使用声音进行交流，所以植物根本不使用声音是非常不理想的，推知suboptimal应是“不理想的”和A项意思相近。故选A项。 2．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．Dried plants make louder sound. B．Untouched plants won't produce sound. C．The more stressed plants cry with higher frequency. D．Plants' sound is similar to the noise of popcorn popping. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that a stressed plant produced the popping sound around 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only produced around once per hour, according to the study.”可知，压力越大的植物哭的频率越高。故选C项。 3．How did the researchers get the findings? A．Reference—modeling—conclusion. B．Reference—consulting—conclusion. C．Assumption—analyzing—conclusion. D．Assumption—experimenting—conclusion. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“‘Plants interact with insects and other animals all the time, and many of these organisms use sound for communication, so it would be very suboptimal for plants not to use sound at all，’ Lilach Hadany, co­author of the study, told Science Focus.”可知，研究人员先提出假设；根据第二段“With this in mind, the research team started by recording plants' sounds.”以及第三段内容可知，研究人员开始实验证明；根据第三段“The researchers found that a stressed plant produced the popping sound around 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only produced around once per hour, according to the study.”可知，最后得出结论。故选D项。 4．What is the significance of the research? A．Relieving plants' pressure. B．Regulating crops' state. C．Classifying plant species. D．Increasing crop production. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“After the experiment, the team gathered ... which can be useful for farmers in monitoring the conditions of their crops.”可知，研究的意义是调节作物状态。故选B项。 B (2025·南昌质检) The multi­talented, Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”， which described the way he thought that trees branch.Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes, Leonardo's rule breaks down for many types of trees.Now, a new branching rule — nicknamed “Leonardo­like” — works virtually for any leafy tree. “The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches, while the length of the branch was not taken into account，” says physicist Sergey Grigoriev.“Therefore, the description using the old rule is not complete.” Leonardo's rule says that the thickness of a limb(大枝) before it branches into smaller ones is the same as the combined thickness of the limbs sprouting(生长) from it. However, according to Grigoriev and his colleagues, it's the surface area that stays the same.Using the surface area as a guide, the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths, and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones.Unlike Leonardo's guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches(桦树) as well as strong oaks. To test their rule, the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real­world patterns matched the predictions.The photos offer “a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it, which can be important when we deal with a living object，” Grigoriev says.Though the team hasn't studied evergreens yet, the rule holds for all of the deciduous trees that the researchers have looked at. While it's possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand, it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs —a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike.“Note，” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的研究树干如何生长的规则。 5．What does the Leonardo's rule of trees focus on? A．How tree branches may grow. B．What environment trees need. C．How trees can be drawn better. D．What landscapes trees can form. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “which described the way he thought that trees branch” 以及第二段中的 “The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches” 可知， Leonardo 的树木法则侧重于树枝会如何生长，故选A。 6．Why are birches and oaks mentioned in Paragraph 3? A.To state the correctness of the new rule. B．To present Leonardo's influential works. C．To compare the features of different trees. D．To show the popularity of Leonardo's rule. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。第三段最后一句谈到与列奥纳多的猜测不同，更新后的规则在团队检查细长的桦树和强壮的橡树时效果很好。因此，第三段提到桦树和橡树是为了说明新规则是正确的，故选A。 7．How did the researchers prove the new rule? A．By applying it to various trees. B．By conducting on­site inspection. C．By analyzing pictures of branches. D．By measuring real branches directly. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话“To test their rule, the research team...matched the predictions.”可知，为了测试他们的规则，研究小组拍摄了各种树种的树木照片，并分析了树枝，以确认现实世界的模式与预测相符，故选C。 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Further experiments are required. B．The protection of trees is stressed. C．Risky accidents happened in the study. D．Trees were damaged in the experiments. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。最后一段谈到虽然可以通过手动测量树枝来确认规则，但这需要爬到树上并检查所有主枝——这对树木和科学家来说都是一项冒险的工作。由此可推知，本段强调了对树的保护，故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·武汉高三调研) In February Chen Qiqi was riding on a field trip, seeking interesting plants in South China's Hainan Province.Suddenly, she 1 and gave other passengers a shock. As the car pulled over, she jumped off and 2 to the plant.Chen 3 the plant at close quarters, while taking pictures and shooting it from various angles.“It was Entada phaseoloides(榼藤) and I couldn't wait to share it with my 4 ，” she says. She applied for studies of 5 protection at college in 2016.The college study has given her 6 knowledge of plants and the plant­hunting 7 has made her have a good 8 of the natural world.These led to her option of becoming a teacher at a (n) 9 education institute after graduation. However, the lockdown interrupted her plans so she couldn't 10 with it.Instead, she picked up skills of video shooting, which 11 her to be a plant video blogger.Her short videos cover a 12 range of plants, including red spider lily, box bean and air plants, etc.In Chen's 13 on TikTok, over 100 videos explaining varieties of plants have earned her almost 1 million followers. “I feel proud and my job is 14 when people say they know about some plants because of me.” As for her future plans, Chen says she 15 to carry on exploring the world of plants. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了陈奇奇的故事。她乐于探索植物世界并通过短视频向人们讲解植物。 1．A.hesitated B．screamed C．stopped D．collapsed 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“gave other passengers a shock”可知，此处是指她的尖叫把其他乘客吓了一跳。scream意为“尖叫”，故选B。 2．A.drove B．walked C．rolled D．rushed 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“jumped off”可知，她一定是迫不及待地跑向那株植物。rush意为“冲，奔”，故选D。 3．A.cut B．smelt C．removed D．observed 答案：D 解析：根据下文的 “at close quarters, while taking pictures and shooting it from various angles”可知，她近距离观察这株植物，同时从不同的角度拍照和拍摄。observe意为“观察”，故选D。 4．A.audience B．students C．passengers D．staff 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“a plant video blogger”可知，她是一名植物视频博主，所以她拍照片和视频是为了给她的观众看。audience意为“观众”，故选A。 5．A.plant B．community C．food D．wildlife 答案：A 解析：上一段提到她对植物感兴趣；由下文的 “The college study has given her knowledge of plants...” 可知，她申请的是植物保护专业。plant意为“植物”，故选A。 6．A.formal B．previous C．systematic D．abstract 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“The college study”可知，大学的学习使她对植物有了系统的认识。systematic意为“系统的”，故选C。 7．A.choice B．degree C．experience D．requirement 答案：C 解析：根据空前的 plant­hunting 可知，此处指的是寻找植物的经历。experience意为“经历”，故选C。 8．A.taste B．command C．view D．comment 答案：B 解析：根据句意可知，此处考查的是固定短语have a good command of “精通；掌握……”。故选B。 9．A.nature B．health C．life D．environment 答案：A 解析：根据上文的 “The college study has given her knowledge of plants and the plant­hunting has made her have a good of the natural world.” 可知，大学的学习使她对植物有了系统的认识，而寻找植物的经历使她对自然界(的情况)有了很好的掌握。所以她选择在自然教育学院当老师。nature意为“自然”，故选A。 10．A.conflict B．proceed C．compare D．end 答案：B 解析：根据上文的 “However, the lockdown interrupted her plans...” 可知，她的计划被打乱，无法继续进行。proceed意为“继续”，故选B。 11．A.forbade B．reminded C．enabled D．forced 答案：C 解析：根据上文的 “she picked up skills of video shooting” 可知，她学会了视频拍摄技巧。由此可知，学会视频拍摄技巧的她成为一名植物视频博主。enable意为“使能够”，故选C。 12．A.narrow B．new C．superb D．diverse 答案：D 解析：根据下文的 “including red spider lily, box bean and air plants, etc.” 和 “varieties of plants” 可知， 她的短视频涵盖了各种各样的植物。diverse意为“各种各样的”，故选D。 13．A.account B．idea C．profile D．setting 答案：A 解析：根据空后的 “on TikTok, over 100 videos explaining varieties of plants have earned her almost 1 million followers” 可知，此处指的是在她的 TikTok 账户上，100多条解释植物品种的视频为她赢得了近 100万粉丝。account意为“账户”，故选A。 14．A.amusing B．valuable C．challenging D．practical 答案：B 解析：根据下文的 “when people say they know about some plants because of me” 可知，人们因为她才了解了一些植物，所以她的工作是有价值的。valuable意为“有价值的”，故选B。 15．A.pretends B．manages C．longs D．ceases 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“her future plans”和空后的 “carry on exploring the world of plants” 可知，此处说的是她的未来的计划——她肯定是渴望继续探索植物的世界。long意为“渴望”，故选C。 学生用书第179页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $