单元测评18 Unit 6 Disaster and hope（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

单元测评18　Unit 6　Disaster and hope (时间：30分钟　　满分：45分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·浙江1月卷) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east­central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大艾伯塔省实施防雹项目，对于该项目人们态度不一。 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中 “As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies...before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.” 可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east­central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中 “But farmers in east­central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.” 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。 3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知， Doswell博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示播云可能带来的危险。故选C 项。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.” 可推知，播云公司将继续存在。故选D项。 B (2025·天域全国名校协作体联考) “THE ANT AND THE ZEBRA” sounds like the title of an Aesop's fable.Like all good fables, this one has a moral, which is that tinkering with nature has unpredictable consequences.Unlike the Greek originals, though, this fable is real. The story plays out in Laikipia County, Kenya.The characters include big­headed ants, an invasive species, the native acacia ants, these invasive ants have gradually been replacing, the whistling­thorn trees where both sorts of ants live, a cast of elephants, lions, zebras and buffalo, and Douglas Kamaru, a Kenyan biologist in the University of Wyoming.As Mr.Kamaru reports this week in Science, the ant invasion has set off a complicated chain of consequences which has helped zebras at the expense of buffalo—thus illustrating a phenomenon called “trophic cascade”． It works like this.Whistling­thorns have co­evolved with the local ants.The trees provide the ants with shelter and food, in the form of large, hollow thorns into which they produce nutritious nectar (蜜汁).The ants, meanwhile, protect the trees by seeing off the chief threat to them, the local elephants, which are not keen to feed on trees crawling with biting insects. Acacia ants' habitat is thickly carpeted with whistling­thorns.Big­headed ants, however, are not good at keeping the elephants at bay.The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions, which often use this cover to hide when hunting zebra.To compensate, the lions switch to hunting buffalo, which are more dangerous, but less fleet of foot. Mr.Kamaru has put numbers to the process, too.In invaded areas, elephants break trees five to seven times as often as in uninvaded ones.And in those uninvaded places, zebra kills are almost three times as frequent as in the invaded ones.Indeed, between 2003 and 2020, as the big­headed ants have spread, the percentage of local lion kills where the victim was a zebra fell from 67% to 42%.Over the same period, the percentage of kills that were buffalo rose from zero to 42%.Whether the buffalo blame the ants for their misfortune, no one knows. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因外来蚂蚁入侵而引发的生态系统的一系列连锁反应。 5．What does the underlined phrase “tinkering with” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Making changes to. B．Paying attention to. C．Finding fault with. D．Showing respect for. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文 “Unlike the Greek originals, though, this fable is real.” 可知，这个寓言是真实的。且根据第二段中的“the ant invasion has set off a complicated chain of consequences”可知，外来蚂蚁入侵引发了生态系统的一系列连锁反应，外来蚂蚁入侵改变了大自然原有的运行模式。由此可推知， tinkering with 表示 “修改，修理”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 6．The “trophic cascade” in the passage happened when ． A．animal habitat in a specific area was preserved B．an invasive species suffered a lack of food supply C．certain plants were affected by human activities D．a particular species in the food chain was replaced 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中的 “The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions，...” 可知， “营养级联” 的现象指的是外来蚂蚁(大头蚁)入侵取代当地蚂蚁(金合欢蚁)，从而引发植被被大象啃食，进一步导致狮子捕猎时失去植被作为掩护等情形。由此可推知，食物链中的某个特定物种被外来物种取代时，会触发连锁反应，引起 “营养级联” 的现象。故选D。 7．Why did the lions change their targets of attack when hunting? A．Because it becomes less risky to hunt the buffalo. B．Because greater visibility makes it hard to hunt zebra. C．Because they are not good at keeping the elephants away. D．Because they are upset by the presence of big­headed ants. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The elephants move in and bite the trees, removing much of the area's cover.That upsets the local lions, which often use this cover to hide when hunting zebra.To compensate, the lions switch to hunting buffalo”可知，当大头蚁取代了本地蚂蚁后，它们无法像本地蚂蚁那样有效地驱赶大象。因此，大象开始破坏树木，减少了狮子用来埋伏捕猎的掩护物。由于狮子需要树木掩护来捕猎斑马，而水牛不如斑马跑得快，所以狮子转而捕猎水牛。因此，狮子改变攻击目标是因为更高的能见度使得捕猎斑马变得困难。故选B。 8．Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage? A．How ants and buffalo defeated lions B．How elephants landed zebra in trouble C．How trees changed lions' dinner menu D．How ants persuaded lions to eat buffalo 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句并分析全文描述的自然现象可知，入侵蚂蚁改变了食物链中的相互作用，导致狮子改变了它们的捕食对象。因此，D 项 “How ants persuaded lions to eat buffalo” 准确地概括了文章的主要内容，适合作为文章的最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分) (2025·安徽江南十校高三联考) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In a very cold January, a puppy wandered around Mr.Lacey's house, where Mr.Lacey lived with his wife Mamie and their daughter Doris.Icicles (冰锥) hung three feet or more from the roofs of houses and snow swallowed up cars. The puppy had been abandoned, and it made its way down the road toward the Laceys' small house, with its ears down and trembling from shyness and cold.Doris, whose school had been called off because of the snow, was clearing the steps when she spotted the puppy on the road. “Come on, little dog！” she called it over.The puppy shyly wagged its tail when Doris approached.As soon as Doris put the dog down in the kitchen, her mom, Mrs.Lacey, asked where the dog came from.Mr.Lacey, who was cleaning his fingernails with his pocketknife at the table, said, “I don't know where it came from, but I know for sure where it's going.” Doris hugged the puppy hard against her.She said nothing. Because of the snowy weather, Mr.Lacey couldn't take the puppy to the shelter right away.So, it stayed in the basement, and Doris fed it leftovers, even though her mom didn't want to waste food.Doris thought the puppy was around six months old and would be quite noisy sometimes.Surprisingly, the puppy behaved well, didn't cry or make trouble in the basement, and only followed Doris upstairs when she invited it.Doris often found it on the basement steps listening to the kitchen talk and smelling the food.She felt the puppy wanted company. Even after a week, Doris didn't name the dog, knowing her parents wouldn't let her keep it.Her father made so little money that any pets were out of the question.Desperate to keep the dog, Doris tried to convince her parents by praising the dog's good behavior and expressing her love for it, but her parents didn't give a definite answer. Despite her efforts, Doris secretly wished the bad weather would never go away, fearing the puppy's unavoidable trip to the shelter.However, nine days after the dog had arrived, the sun was shining. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried. Doris put her hand to her mouth and couldn't believe what she had heard. 【参考范文】 Doris knew it was time to say goodbye to the dog and felt rather worried. She was sitting alone in the living room, hugging a pillow and rocking back and forth on the edge of a chair.She was trying not to cry but she was not strong enough.Her face was wet and red, her eyes full of sadness.Just as Doris was at her lowest, her parents appeared from the doorway.With a smile on Mrs.Lacey's face, she said, “Honey, Papa and I have agreed to keep the puppy as a part of our family.” Doris put her hand to her mouth and couldn't believe what she had heard.She looked at her parents in surprise.“Doris, you were right.He has brought so much happiness to us，” Mr.Lacey continued, “and I drove by the local animal shelter yesterday.The conditions there are quite poor.We can't leave him there.” Doris smiled with tears of happiness in her eyes and threw her arms around her parents.She knew they not only embraced the puppy into their family but also gave him a chance to lead a much happier life. 学生用书第145页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $