单元测评15 Unit 3 The world of science（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

单元测评15　Unit 3　The world of science (时间：30分钟　　满分：32.5分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·深圳一调) Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate, some scientists predict the world's forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have pioneered a technique to generate wood­like plant materials in a lab.This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees. In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant.These cells are cultured in a liquid medium for two days, then moved to another medium that contains nutrients and two different hormones(激素).By adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells.Next, the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell­based material, and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months.Finally, the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material, and then evaluate its qualities. They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded, open cells of lower density, while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid, helping the materials grow with different wood­like characteristics.What's more, it's to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity! Research of this kind is ground­breaking.“This work demonstrates the great power of technology，” says lead researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain.“The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes, sizes, rigidity, and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can't achieve.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料。 1．Why do researchers at MIT conduct the research? A．To grow more trees. B．To protect plant diversity. C．To reduce tree losses. D．To predict forest disappearance. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 “Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest...To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have pioneered a technique” 可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选C。 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research? A．Its theoretical basis. B．Its key procedures. C．Its scientific evidence. D．Its usual difficulties. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 first, then, Next, Finally等词可知，第二段主要说的是实验室研究的关键步骤。故选B。 3．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials? A．The hormone levels affect their rigidity. B．They are better than naturally grown plants. C．Their cells' shapes mainly rely on their density. D．Their growth speed determines their characteristics. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They found that lower hormone levels...smaller but denser cell structures” 可知，较低的激素水平会导致植物材料的密度更低，而较高的激素水平会导致植物材料的密度更高。细胞结构密度的高或低，影响着植物材料是更柔软还是更坚硬。故选A。 4．Why is the research ground­breaking according to Berenstain? A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments. B．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products. C．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry. D．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements...that traditional agricultural methods can't achieve.” 可知， Berenstain 认为这项研究具有开创性， 因为它革新了木制品的制作方法。故选B。 B (2025·八省适应性考试) Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long­term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two­thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究。研究表明，学习后过 4 小时再运动可以最大程度地提高记忆力。 5．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning”及第二段中的“conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning”可知，该项研究的目的是想确定什么时间运动对学习最有益。 6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，在试验过程中全部受试者都需要观看一部自然纪录片，也就是看一部关于自然的电影。 7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test ...were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.”可知，两天后受试者回到实验室是为了测试他们的记忆力。 8．What might the author's marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long­distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.”可知，研究人员指出轻度运动可能并不能有助于大脑学习，而作者跑过多次马拉松，在艰苦的马拉松锻炼后作者认为自己的大脑并没有变得更敏锐，因此作者是想用自己的马拉松跑步训练说明强度大的运动也可能不会使大脑敏锐。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·武汉高三二调) After building some standard cargo bikes, 1 ， this time with something very special.I wanted to build an ideal cargo bike combining the stability of a three­wheeler with the possibility to change directions like being on two wheels. The first step was to do extensive research. 2 .An incredible source of technical inspiration was the online Tilting Group.Although primarily concerned with tilting concepts of engine driven constructions, the group is surely the best place to find information about constructing a tilter. After researching and outlining a few ideas, I grabbed some parts and started with a very simple prototype.Building such a vehicle needs a high degree of accuracy, which was not the case with my prototype. 3 ．So I made a few more sketches, which led to an improved version of the driving and tilting mechanism. Then I started building the tricycle.Building the structure was quite straightforward.As usual, I took an old bike apart for the back triangle and then added the front part.After adding a cargo basket to the structure, 4 ． Now came the hard part: the driving mechanism.I started with the usual design used for two­wheeled cargo bikes, but it took me quite some time to figure out how to pass the driving force to both wheels without allowing the whole thing to lock itself in any angle. 5 ， but I'm sure I can use the knowledge I gained one way or another. A．The project was demanding B．I decided to get my hands dirty again C．I fell in love with three­wheeler bikes D．I put all the parts together for the first time E．It took me quite some time to understand the ideas behind it F．The engine driven constructions were always the most difficult to fix G．The consequence was that the driving mechanism locked itself occasionally 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者设计和制造的一款独特三轮货运自行车的过程。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文 “After building some standard cargo bikes” 并结合下文 “I wanted to build an ideal cargo bike” 可知，作者在制造了一些标准的货运自行车之后，又有了新的制造想法，B 项 “I decided to get my hands dirty again” 不仅衔接上文，说明作者决定再次尝试，而且引出下文新的制造想法，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案：E 解析：空前 “The first step was to do extensive research.” 说明了作者制造的第一步是做研究，空处应该围绕研究来讲。E 项 “It took me quite some time to understand the ideas behind it” 衔接上文，进一步说明作者在研究阶段花费了大量的时间，符合语境。故选E。 3．答案：G 解析：空前内容说明作者在研究之后，制造了原型机；由下文中的led to an improved version 可知，空处应是指出缺点。G项衔接上文，说明作者的原型机由于精度不高会出现偶尔锁死的问题，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案：D 解析：根据上文 “As usual, I took an old bike apart for the back triangle and then added the front part.After adding a cargo basket to the structure” 可知，此处在描写作者组装自行车的过程，且由上文中的part 可知，空处应该是把所有部分组装完成。D项说明了作者组装完成，符合语境。故选D。 5．答案：A 解析：根据下文 “but I'm sure I can use the knowledge I gained one way or another” 可知，上下文之间是转折关系，所以空处应是承上启下，既总结了前面的难度，又衔接了下句的对自己充满信心。A 项 “The project was demanding” 符合语境，表示虽然项目要求高，但作者可以学以致用。故选A。 学生用书第124页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $