单元测评2 Unit 2 Exploring English（Word练习）-【金版新学案】2026年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（外研版）

单元测评2　Unit 2　Exploring English (时间：30分钟　　满分：35分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·江苏省南京市协同体联考) The way different languages sound may depend on the geography of the landscape on which they're spoken, new research suggests. A study of more than 550 languages around the world found that tongues spoken in high­altitude regions contain more sounds called “ejective consonants”， sounds made with a burst of air, than languages closer to sea level. “Ejectives may be more common in these regions because the sounds are easier to produce there, or possibly because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high­altitude environments，” said study author Caleb Everett, an anthropological (人类学的) linguist at the University of Miami. Traditionally, linguists have assumed that geography doesn't play a role in shaping languages, with the exception of vocabulary specific to certain environments or wildlife.A handful of small studies have suggested that languages in warm climates use more vowels than languages in cold climates, but the findings are controversial. Everett set out to investigate how other aspects of geography, namely altitude, might be linked to certain sounds in a language—specifically, ejectives.Everett suspected that ejectives might be more common at high altitudes, where the lower air pressure would make them easier to produce. To test this hypothesis (假说), Everett analyzed phoneme data on 567 languages from the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online.He compared the data to the altitudes where the languages were spoken, obtained using geographic mapping software.Languages containing ejective sounds were found to occur at or near five of the six major inhabited high­altitude regions, including in North and South America, southern Africa and Eurasia, Everett found. He theorized that languages at high altitudes may have evolved to have ejective sounds because less effort is required to produce these bursts of air in thinner atmospheres.Alternatively, speaking in ejectives might expel (排出) less water vapor from the mouth, allowing water to be conserved in typically dry high­altitude environments.Everett's findings were based on basic calculations of the air pressure needed to make these sounds. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科学报道。文章探讨了高海拔地区语言中喷气音较多的现象，可能与空气稀薄和水分保持有关。 1．What did Everett's study focus on? A．The effects of warm climates on language. B．The impact of high altitudes on human speech. C．The evolution of ejective consonants. D．The link between geography and language sounds. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，该项研究的作者Everett的研究聚焦于地理环境，第二段内容开始强调特别是海拔高度与语言中特定声音(即“ejective consonants”)之间的联系。研究探讨了不同地理环境下语言声音的差异，因此，选项D正确。 2．What might be the reasons for more ejective consonants in languages spoken in high­altitude regions? A．They are easier to hear in thin air. B．They are related to certain wildlife. C．They help reduce water loss in the mouth. D．They are easier to produce in thick atmospheres. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“because they minimize water loss from the mouth in dry, high­altitude environments...”可知，高海拔地区的语言中ejective consonants更常见可能是因为这些声音在稀薄的空气中更容易产生，或者因为它们在干燥的高海拔环境中最小化了口腔水分的流失。因此，选项C正确。 3．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The controversy surrounding Everett's hypothesis. B.The scientific basis for Everett's research. C．The distribution of ejective sounds. D．The research methods and findings. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据第六段内容可知，本段主要描述了Everett的研究方法和发现。他分析了来自世界语言结构在线图谱的567种语言的音素数据，并将其与这些语言被使用地区的海拔高度进行比较。 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A.A geography textbook. B．A linguistic research paper. C．An experiment report. D．A cultural magazine. 答案：B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了语言、地理和人类学之间的关系，这是语言学研究论文的典型主题。它包含了研究假设、方法、数据分析和结论，这些都是学术论文的常见组成部分。 B (2024·广州高三综测) My father started learning French at 57, drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism in delaying dementia(痴呆症).Now, 20 years later, he's on his third teacher.Many people, like my father, have attempted to pick up a new language.But can this really boost brain health? According to experts, regularly using a new language brings cognitive (认知的) benefits.If you're trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue.This process, called cognitive inhibition, helps improve your brain function.Repeating this process makes your brain more resistant to diseases like dementia.The more you challenge your brain, the better it functions, even if your brain health starts to decline. However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language in your 60s is weaker.Research by Dr.Leo Antoniou found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn't see any difference in their cognition scores, but people who didn't saw their scores decline.Prof.Diana Smith's 2023 studies found similar results. Researchers offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.“When choosing participants, we have to be careful.Are they really representative of the population？” said Dr.Judith Ware.Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. “These studies have used language lessons that were very different in their length and frequency，” said Prof.Laura Grossman. To Dr.Antoniou, the limited findings are not entirely surprising.No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life.But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating. Perhaps more importantly, Prof.Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities.My father, for example, has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times.And at 76, he's as sharp as ever. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述作者的父亲在57岁时开始学习法语的故事，探究了学习新语言对老年人大脑健康的潜在益处，包括改善认知能力和可能延缓痴呆症。研究结果显示效果有限，但学习语言也有其他的益处。 5．What happens in the process of “cognitive inhibition” ? A．Memory improves. B．Native languages are held back. C．Dementia is cured. D．Brain health worsens. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “If you're trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue.This process, called cognitive inhibition” 可知，在使用新语言时，大脑被迫抑制母语的使用，这个过程被称为 “cognitive inhibition (认知抑制)”。由此可知，在 “认知抑制” 的过程中，母语会被抑制。故选B。 6．Which is a possible explanation for the disappointing research results? A．The intervention of the first language. B．The great length of the language course. C．The poor choice of research participants. D．The age difference of the research subjects. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.” 可知，参与者都是非常积极的志愿者，就他们的年龄而言，他们的认知水平可能很高，因此很难让人看到任何改善迹象。由此可知，研究结果令人失望的可能解释之一是研究的参与者不具有代表性。故选C。 7．Whose opinion does the author support by mentioning his father's experience? A．Leo Antoniou's. B．Diana Smith's. C．Judith Ware's. D．Laura Grossman's. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Perhaps more importantly, Prof.Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities.” 可知， Laura Grossman教授的观点是学习另一种语言提供了其他潜在的好处，比如旅行或与新的社群建立联系。由此可推知，作者提到自己的父亲学习法语后与他的第一个老师保持笔友关系并多次前往法国旅行，以此来例证 Laura Grossman的观点。故选D。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is it never too late to learn a new language? B．Can learning a new language delay dementia? C．Why did my father start learning a new language? D．How does learning a new language benefit the aging brain? 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文通过讲述作者的父亲在57岁时开始学习法语的故事，探究学习新语言是否能够对大脑健康产生积极影响，尤其是能否推迟痴呆症的发生。但人们关于老年人学习新语言对认知功能提升效果的研究结果并不一致。所以B项(学习一门新语言能延缓痴呆症吗？)适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2025·长沙适应) When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non­verbal(非语言的) signals.That is to say, all the ways in which we 1 work out without words. 2 ， in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 3 ．Many work 4 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off. Parts of non­verbal communication have always 5 outside face­to­face interaction, of course.For example, these unnoticeable 6 could begin with a profile picture on your CV; even deciding whether or not to add an emoji(表情符号) in a work group chat can change the 7 of the interaction. Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 8 the world of non­verbal communication greatly.For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non­verbal 9 about co­workers' lifestyles, 10 and level of professionalism.Let's say if a co­worker positions the camera below the chin, 11 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 12 ．Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 13 how likeable people are noticed to be. In a new world where 14 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non­verbally makes it 15 to understand others and to be understood. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了面对面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了，但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。 1．A.unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“this kind of communication” 可知，此处应该指的是 “沟通方式”，且从空后的“without words” 也可以获得提示。故选B。 2．A.Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 答案：B 解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处与上文构成一种转折关系。however意为“然而”。故选B。 3．A.important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible 答案：A 解析：根据下文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off” 可知，此处是指在数字工作场所中这种非语言交流似乎不那么重要了。important意为“重要的”。故选A。 4．A.conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces 答案：B 解析：根据下文“online chats” 可知，此处是指许多工作对话(work conversations)。故选B。 5．A.survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“ Parts of non­verbal communication” 和下文的“outside face­to­face interaction” 可知，此处指部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。exist 意为“存在”。故选D。 6．A.signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles 答案：A 解析：上文说部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。空处所在句举例说明，这些不明显的信号可以从简历中的个人资料图片开始。signal意为“信号”。故选A。 7．A.milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“whether or not to add an emoji (表情符号) in a work group chat” 可知，在工作群聊时加入表情符号能够 “改变互动的气氛”。feel意为“气氛”。故选C。 8．A.quit B．expanded C．failed D．reduced 答案：B 解析：根据Yet 和上文 “Parts of non­verbal communication have always outside face­to­face interaction, of course.” 可知，此处指工作地点的转变极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。expand意为“扩大”。故选B。 9．A.information B．change C．application D．concern 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“about co­workers' lifestyles” 可知，此处指提供各种非语言信息。information意为“信息”。故选A。 10．A.meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos 答案：C 解析：根据上文的backgrounds和下文内容可知，背景可以透露同事的生活方式和兴趣。interest意为“兴趣”。故选C。 11．A.inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“ if a co­worker positions the camera below the chin” 可知，此处是指迫使其他人往上看。force意为“迫使”。故选B。 12．A.continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“you begin to dislike him or her” 可知，此处指你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。instantly意为“立刻”。故选D。 13．A.impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all” 可知，此处指这些因素会影响人们的受欢迎程度。impact意为“影响”。故选A。 14．A.specific B．general C．remote D．abstract 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“In a new world” 和“now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off” 可知，此处指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。remote意为“远程的”。故选C。 15．A.easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“being willing to engage non­verbally” 可知，此处指愿意以非语言的方式与人交流有助于理解他人和被他人理解。easy意为“容易的”。故选A。 学生用书第22页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $